To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Water treatment plant (WTP).
Journal articles on the topic 'Water treatment plant (WTP)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Water treatment plant (WTP).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Rahman, Arief, and Ali Masduqi. "Study of turbidity treatment in Karangpilang II Water Treatment Plant." Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability 1, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/sustinere.jes.v1i2.12.
Full textAbstract:
Karangpilang II Water Treatment Plant (WTP) is a part of Karangpilang WTP of Surabaya Water Utilities that serves the water supply for Surabaya City. Karangpilang II WTP has the biggest clean water production capacity in Karangpilang WTP, which is 2500 L/s. Using conventional treatment to remove turbidity, the treatment plant in Karangpilang II WTP consists of pre-sedimentation, clearator and filter units. In this study, evaluation of turbidity quality in production water and turbidity removal efficiency were conducted to analyze the Karangpilang II WTP performance in turbidity treatment. The evaluation was conducted using the 2016 data, by comparing the turbidity of production water with the Water Quality Standard of the Water Utilities, and by comparing the turbidity of raw water, effluents of each treatment unit and production water. The evaluation result showed that in the case of Karangpilang II WTP turbidity removal performance, there were some occurrences that the turbidity in production water has not met the standard quality. The results also showed that there was a unit in the Karang Pilang II WTP with inadequate performance in turbidity removal, namely pre‑sedimentation unit. There are some solutions for the problem of turbidity removal in Karangpilang II WTP: increasing the maintenance schedule for pre-sedimentation unit; determining the proper turbidity reference in determination of coagulant dose; optimizing the coagulant dose; using produced sludge from water treatment as coagulant aid along with Al2SO4; and using capping material in filter unit.
2
Szpak, Dawid, and Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak. "Analysis and assessment of water treatment plant reliability." Journal of KONBiN 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jok-2017-0002.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The subject of the publication is the analysis and assessment of the reliability of the surface water treatment plant (WTP). In the study the one parameter method of reliability assessment was used. Based on the flow sheet derived from the water company the reliability scheme of the analysed WTP was prepared. On the basis of the daily WTP work report the availability index Kg for the individual elements included in the WTP, was determined. Then, based on the developed reliability scheme showing the interrelationships between elements, the availability index Kg for the whole WTP was determined. The obtained value of the availability index Kg was compared with the criteria values.
3
Orlov, Alexander, Marina Belkanova, and Nikolay Vatin. "Structural Ceramics Modified by Water Treatment Plant Sludge." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 23, 2020): 5293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225293.
Full textAbstract:
Water treatment plant (WTP) sludge is actively used in building materials production. The object of this research was modifying additives for ceramic bricks from WTP aluminium-containing sludge. The research aim of this study was to determine the suitability of a million-plus population city’s WTP sludge as a burning-out additive in the production of structural ceramics and to establish the optimal conditions for obtaining products with the best characteristics. The raw water belongs to water belongs to the hydrocarbonate class, the calcium group, and it is of low turbidity (1.5–40 mg/L kaolin). Sludge, sourced from WTP sedimentation tanks, was dewatered by adding lime or by using the freezing-thawing method. The spray-dried WTP sludge is introduced into the clay in amounts of 5% to 20% by weight. The addition of 20% reduces the sensitivity of the clay to drying, reduces the density of ceramic by 20% and simultaneously increases its compressive strength from 7.0 to 10.2 MPa. The use of WTP sludge as a modifying additive, pretreated by the freezing-thawing method, makes it possible to obtain ceramic bricks with improved properties. The results can be used for WTP sludge containing aluminium obtained by treating water of medium turbidity and medium colour.
4
Swarts, R. J., and J. J. Schoeman. "An investigation into a treatment strategy for the Berg River water at the Voëlvlei water treatment plant." Water Supply 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.118.
Full textAbstract:
The main aim of this study was to determine a treatment strategy for the Berg River water at the Voëlvlei water treatment plant (WTP). Jar tests were conducted using ferric and aluminium sulphate as coagulants to determine the optimum treatment parameters of the Berg River water and the Voëlvlei WTP raw water. The results for the Voëlvlei WTP raw water and the Berg River water with ferric sulphate as the coagulant showed an optimum Fe3+ dosage of 3.0–4.0 mg/L and 4.0–6.0 mg/L, respectively, with an optimum coagulation pH range of 6.6–9.5 and 5.0–10.0, respectively. The results with aluminium sulphate as the coagulant showed an optimum Al3+ dosage of 2.5–3.0 mg/L and 4.0–5.0 mg/L, respectively, with an optimum coagulation pH of 6.0–7.0 and 6.0, respectively. This study concluded that the Berg River water cannot be effectively treated at the Voëlvlei WTP using the plants treatment parameters, even if it is blended with the Voëlvlei WTP raw water. The best treatment strategy for the Berg River water would be pre-treatment using either ferric sulphate or the MIEX® resin on its own, or in conjunction with one another.
5
Omar, Imad Ali. "Evaluation of Water Quality and the Efficiency of Ifraz-2 Water treatment plant-Units." Journal of University of Raparin 6, no. 2 (October 23, 2019): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(6).no(2).paper9.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract:
Water treatment plant (WTP) is essential for providing clean and safe water to the habitants. There is a necessity to evaluate the performance of (WTP) for proper treatment of raw water. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the quality of treated water by investigating the performance of Ifraz-2 (WTP) units located in Erbil City, Iraq. For assessment of the (WTP) units, samples were taken for a duration of five months from different locations: raw water (the source), post-clarification processes, post-filtration processes, and from the storage tank. Removal efficiencies for the units, and for the whole (WTP) were calculated and presented. Obtained removal efficiencies for the sedimentation unit; filtration unit; and the entire Ifraz-2 (WTP) were 91.51 %, 64.71 %, and 97.29 %, respectively. After the process of disinfection and storage, the valued of the turbidity of the treated water were ranged from 1.2 to 9.7 (Nephelometric Turbidity Units) NTU. Besides, water quality index (WQI) for the (WTP) was studied and calculated for 14 physicochemical water quality parameters. WQI for Ifraz-2 (WTP) was 51.87 and it is regarded as a good level. Also, operational problems have been detected and reported during the research period, especially during sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. Suitable solutions have been reported to the operational team.
6
Huang, C., J. R. Pan, K. D. Sun, and C. T. Liaw. "Reuse of water treatment plant sludge and dam sediment in brick-making." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 10 (November 1, 2001): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0639.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, an attempt was made to use water treatment plant (WTP) sludge and dam sediment as raw materials for brick-making through the sintering process. The sinter of dam sediment fired at 1,050°C had a less than 15% ratio water absorption, and its compressive strength and bulk density met the Chinese National Standard (CNS) for first level brick. The WTP sludge sinter made under the same operating condition exhibited higher water absorption, larger shrinkage, but poorer compressive strength. When fired at 1,100°C, the shrinkage of the WTP sludge sinter was as high as 45%, although its compressive strength and water absorption of WTP sludge brick still met the standard for the first level brick. To reuse WTP sludge in an economical way, mixtures of various proportions of WTP sludge to dam sediment are used as raw materials. A satisfactory result was achieved when the ratio of the WTP sludge was less than 20% of the mixture. Results of tests indicated that the sinter of dam sediments which are fired at a temperature of 1000~1100°C has reached the requirement for tile brick.
7
Hanamoto, T., D. Nagashio, and T. Sasaki. "Integration of water treatment, environmental and information technologies: Amagasaki project." Water Supply 2, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2002): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0168.
Full textAbstract:
The Hanshin Water Supply Authority (HWSA) supplies drinking water to approximately 2.4 million consumers in the Hanshin area, including the city of Kobe. The HWSA has completed a project integrating two aging plants into a new water treatment plant (Amagasaki WTP) with a capacity of 373,000 m3 per day. The Amagasaki WTP has three significant special merits: water treatment, environmental, and information technology. The water treatment system is based on a multiple-barrier concept that estimates the value of water treatment technology not by individual processes, but by the overall performance of the system. The treatment train consists of coagulation/sedimentation, ozonation/activated carbon fluidized-bed adsorption, and coagulation/high-rate filtration, most of which fully utilize upward-flow. The key environmental technology characteristic of the new WTP is its achievement of zero-emissions. This design reduces CO2 discharge from the plant, as well as making it possible to completely recycle the sludge as an alternate material of agricultural and horticultural soils. Improvement of customer relations is a feature of the information technology. The authority provides information on the safety of the finished drinking water, watershed management, and the maintenance of source water quality. A visitors' area and emergency water supply facility for use in disasters have also been set up at the WTP. The Amagasaki WTP started commercial operation in April 2001. The completion of this renovated plant will significantly raise the quality of service to the customers.
8
Filho, Sidney Seckler Ferreira, Roque Passos Piveli, Silvana Audrá Cutolo, and Alexandre Alves de Oliveira. "Water treatment plant sludge disposal into stabilization ponds." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 5 (March 1, 2013): 1017–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.652.
Full textAbstract:
Researchers have paid particular attention to the disposal of sludge produced in water treatment plants (WTPs) into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for further processing, mainly because it is considered an attractive alternative for the treatment of waste generated in water production processes. This study evaluated the effects of flow equalization and disposal of sludge, from a conventional WTP, into a WWTP system that includes an anaerobic stabilization pond followed by a facultative pond. During the period of sludge discharge from the WTP into the wastewater system, the influent to the WWTP presented an increase of 17% (from 171 to 200 mg L−1) of total suspended solids (TSS) and a 7.0% flow rate increase, without showing adverse effects on the organic load, TSS and nutrients removal. The most significant impact observed in the WWTP was the increase of solids accumulation rate in the anaerobic pond, with a value of 141 mm/year during the sludge discharge period. The operating time, before the dredging and desludging cycles required for this specific anaerobic pond, decreased from 12.7 to 10.4 years, which is consistent with previous studies in literature. Thus, based on the observed parameters of this study, it is viable to release solids from a WTP effluent into a WWTP that includes anaerobic stabilization ponds followed by a facultative pond. Indeed, this process scheme becomes a viable technical, environmental, and economical alternative for small to medium WWTPs.
9
Thorne, O. M., and R. A. Fenner. "Modelling the impacts of climate change on a water treatment plant in South Australia." Water Supply 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.075.
Full textAbstract:
The simplified climate change impact assessment tool (SCIAT) has been developed to address the specific needs of the water industry and provides a tool to translate climate change projections into ‘real world’ impacts. Its application is demonstrated in this study to assess the impacts of climate change on the reservoir water quality and water treatment plant (WTP) operations at Myponga, South Australia. The primary aim is to provide water treatment plant operators with knowledge of the potential impacts and associated probabilities of occurrence of climate change, enabling them to make informed, risk-based adaptation and planning decisions. It was found that climate change alone poses little risk to WTP operations, with the WTP able to operate as normal under all future climate scenarios. This finding not only reflects the specific catchment characteristics of Myponga, but also the assumptions made in this study. When interpreting these findings to develop comprehensive adaptation plans, operators must also take into account potential non-climate changes such as land use and demand.
10
da Silva, E. M., D. M. Morita, A. C. M. Lima, and L. Girard Teixeira. "Manufacturing ceramic bricks with polyaluminum chloride (PAC) sludge from a water treatment plant." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 11 (March 20, 2015): 1638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.132.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this research work is to assess the viability of manufacturing ceramic bricks with sludge from a water treatment plant (WTP) for use in real-world applications. Sludge was collected from settling tanks at the Bolonha WTP, which is located in Belém, capital of the state of Pará, Brazil. After dewatering in drainage beds, sludge was added to the clay at a local brickworks at different mass percentages (7.6, 9.0, 11.7, 13.9 and 23.5%). Laboratory tests were performed on the bricks to assess their resistance to compression, water absorption, dimensions and visual aspects. Percentages of 7.6, 9.0, 11.7 and 13.9% (w/w) of WTP sludge presented good results in terms of resistance, which indicates that technically, ceramic bricks can be produced by incorporating up to 13.9% of WTP sludge.
11
Kher, V. K., Abdul Talib Din, and Chee Fai Tan. "Harnessing Buoyancy Force to Operate Mini Cost-Saving Water Treatment Plant for River Inlets." Applied Mechanics and Materials 761 (May 2015): 604–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.761.604.
Full textAbstract:
River pollution has been a global issue and the consequences of polluted rivers are significantly affecting human health and well-being. Meanwhile, water treatment plants (WTP) are often related to high energy cost. Nevertheless, there is an abundance of hydraulic energy stored in the flowing water, which can be converted into mechanical energy to operate the WTP. The focus of this paper is to describe an innovative method of harnessing buoyancy force to save the energy cost of commonly used motorized equipment in the conventional WTP. The benefit of this product is to create a green environment by utilizing a readily available hydraulic energy and restoring river water quality. This study has shown that a cost-saving water treatment plant operating based on buoyancy force is feasible. This product enables electricity cost to be minimized while treating river water at the same time.
12
M. Zolkipli, H., H. Juahir, G. Adiana, N. Zainuddin, A. B. H. M. Maliki, M. E. Toriman, M. Mokhtar, and R. Elfitri. "Spatial Assessment of Selangor, Malaysia Water Treatment Plant Performance Using Chemometric Technique." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.14 (July 25, 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14.16874.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to identify the most significant parameters in drinking water quality, spatial disparities of treated water (TW) and performance of water treatment plant (WTP) in Selangor. Physico- chemical (PCPs), Inorganic (IPs), Heavy metal and organic (HMOPs) and pesticide (PPs) were selected as parameters to discriminate the source of WTP pollutant. Chemometric technique such as principle component analysis (PCA), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and discriminant analysis (DA) was applied to validate the performance of water treatment plant. PCA identified the most significant parameters which are highlighted six out of eight parameters for PCPs, six out of twelve parameters for IPs, nine out of sixteen parameters for HMOPs and all seventh parameters for PP. ANOVA for distinguish two categories region in WTP and showed both of PCPs and IPs had significant differences due to their concentration (p < 0.5) and HMOPs suggested fifth of significant differences within regions (p < 0.05). PP doesn’t give any significant differences (p > 0.05). DA was suggested PCPs, IPs and HMOPs in good performance (76.96%, 91.90% and 93.27%) except PP (50.43%). We can conclude that this chemometric technique can expose which area of WTP need to be properly maintains their performance to produce high quality of drinking water.
13
De, Paulami. "Application of Neurogenetic Modeling in Optimization of Water Treatment Plant Based on the Temporal Monitoring of Water Input Quality." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 8, no. 3 (July 2019): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2019070105.
Full textAbstract:
This article addresses methods to adjust operating requirements in water treatment plants (WTPs) in order to increase the efficiency of water treatment plants based on the nature of the water inflows into the systems. In the past, various studies have suggested that the quality of water inflow into the WTP has an impact on the efficiency and economic viability of operating treatment plants. Among all other quality parameters, the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the basic indicators about the overall quality of the water. Identification of a temporal pattern can help the engineers to adapt the WTP operations and can save the unnecessary wasting of plant resources. That is why the present article has proposed a new model that can predict the temporal patterns of various chemical parameters with the help of an analytic neuronal network. The model was applied to the case of a WTP that responds to a peri-urban catchment, leading to regular variations in the DO of water inflow. According to the performance metrics utilized the model was able to predict the temporal pattern at a lag of 1 hour.
14
Widhianti, R., T. Tazkiaturrizki, and R. Ratnaningsih. "Evaluation at Cibinong Water Treatment Plant (WTP) in Bogor District." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1402 (December 2019): 033014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1402/3/033014.
Full text
15
Kommineni, S. N., J. Bryck, C. Stringer, C. Stevens, N. Meyers, B. Karnik, R. Hoffman, and L. Sullivan. "Evaluation of an emerging water treatment technology: ceramic membranes." Water Supply 10, no. 5 (December 1, 2010): 765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.175.
Full textAbstract:
Historically, low-pressure membranes (microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF)) used in potable water treatment are made of polymers (polysulfone (PS), polypropylene (PP), polyethersulfone (PES), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) etc). Recently, membranes made of ceramic materials (aluminium oxide) have been developed by MetaWater (Japan), Kubota (Japan) and others and is being marketed in the United States (US) by Krüger, Inc. (Cary, NC). Ceramic membranes offer several potential advantages over polymeric membranes, including higher mechanical robustness and ability to handle higher loading of particulates, higher resistance to oxidants and membrane cleaning chemicals, higher membrane integrity, longer service life and compact footprint. The authors conducted collaborative evaluations of this emerging technology at two different places; (i) Elm Fork Water Treatment Plant (WTP) of Dallas Water Utilities (DWU), Dallas, Texas, USA and (ii) Graham Mesa WTP, City of Rifle, Rifle, Colorado, USA. The evaluations included pilot testing of ceramic membranes in direct filtration mode (i.e. without clarification) and with coagulant addition. The water streams that were pilot tested at Elm Fork WTP included Trinity River water, spent filter backwash wastewater and lagoon recycle water (spent filter backwash water combined with clarifier blow down water). The City of Rifle pilot testing was conducted on Colorado River water. This paper presents the key results of these two pilot studies. Results of pilot testing were used to define the potential membrane flux, backwash protocols (interval and duration), chemical enhanced backwash (CEB) and clean-in-place (CIP) protocols. Pilot test results and engineering judgment were used for developing concept-level sizing and outlining parameters for future evaluation. This paper will discuss the key technical and economic considerations of the emerging treatment technology and its potential applications for potable water treatment. This paper will be of interest to water providers that are considering alternatives to treat challenging source waters (waters with high particulates and under heavy microbial influence), build new compact water treatment plants, increase plant capacity through membrane retrofits and treat recycle streams at existing WTPs.
16
Kusumadewi, Riana Ayu, Indry Kemala Sani, and Winarni Winarni. "The Use of Multi-criteria Analysis in Selecting Water Treatment Units in Sadu Water Treatment Plant, Bandung District, West Java Province, Indonesia." Journal of Community Based Environmental Engineering and Management 3, no. 2 (September 17, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/jcbeem.v3i2.1854.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Increasing the number of residents and still not fulfilling the scope of drinking water services for resident of Bandung Regency, Tirta Raharja Regional Water Supply Company is developing in the field of drinking water supply. To improve community drinking water services in the Bandung Regency area, Tirta Raharja Water Supply Company plans to add a drinking water tratment plant with a capacity of 150 liters/second located in Sadu Village, Soreang District, Bandung Regency. In the planning of the Sadu WTP (Sdau Water Treatmnet Plant) was carried out several stages of planning, i.e. literature study, preliminary survey, data collection, alternative selection of treatment units using multi criteria analysis, and calculation of treatment unit dimensions. the parameters under review are those that exceed the standard of quality according to the Minister of Health Regulation No. 492 of 2010, i.e. turbidity, BOD, COD and fecal coliform. The selection of Sadu WTP units is based on parameters that exceed drinking water quality standards. There were two alternative proposed (Alternative I and Alternative II) in drinking water treatment, i.e. complete unit (Alternative I) consisting of intake; hydraulic coagulation; hydraulic flocculation; tube settler sedimentation; rapid sand filter; reservoir; disinfection; and sludge drying bed, and slow sand filter unit (Alternative II) consisting of intake, pre-sedimentation, slow sand filter, reservoir, disinfection, and sludge drying bed. The method to be used in determining the unit plan is multi-criteria analysis which refers to aspects based on Minister of Public Works Regulation No. 18/PRT/M/2007. Based on the results of the scoring obtained, the complete treatment unit has the highest score, i.e. 4.05, so the alternative treatment used in the Sadu WTP is the complete treatment unit (Alternative I).
17
Otterpohl, Ralf, Martin Freund, Juan Pablo Sanz, and Andreas Durchschlag. "JOINT CONSIDERATION OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM AND W ASTEW ATER TREATMENT PLANT." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0016.
Full textAbstract:
The total efficiency of combined sewerage systems and wastewater treatment plants (WTP) sbould be considered. By an overall planning procedure the benefits of the whole system can be optimized. For the estimation of the system behaviour with different rain events, computer simulations of the sewerage system including storage tanks and the treatment plant have to be carried out. The two systems are not coupled mathematically allowing separate simulation. Hydrographs of different scenarios computed for the sewerage system can be used for simulations of the WTP. For comparing the effects of different throttle flows on the treatment plant an example bas been simulated. In this example the BOD5 and phosphorus loads could be reduced with a higher throttle flow. The large difference in total discharges from combined sewerage without storage tanks and with well-dimensioned tanks could also be demonstrated.
18
Fabian, Florina, Valentin Nedeff, Narcis Birsan, and Emilian Mosnegutu. "Energy and Chemicals Consumption Evaluation in Water Treatment Plant. A comparative study between Bacau and Turin." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 3 (April 15, 2019): 881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.3.7025.
Full textAbstract:
The total energy demand of water treatment plant Bacau (WTP Bacau) was evaluated at 239.94 MW h/y, in case of SMAT (Turin-Iataly) total energy demand of the plant was evaluated at 2.235,454.9 MW h/y, and 6,9 % is for WT. Chemicals consumption, is relative and depends on raw water turbidity at WTP Bacau, during the winter period raw water is very clean and requires only a simple chlorination, on the other hand at SMAT chemicals consumption, is 5.325 t/y and 8.8% is used for water treatment process.
19
Nathoo, J., E. Hong Gay, and N. Hussain. "Development of a predictive model to determine the temporal variability in mine feed water quality towards informing and forecasting plant operating strategy – a South African coal mine water treatment plant case study." Water Practice and Technology 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 621–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.068.
Full textAbstract:
The feed water quality associated with mine water treatment is typically characterised by a dynamic variability resulting from the fact that the final feed water to the water treatment plant (WTP) can be an amalgamation of water streams emanating from a number of sources. Consequently, the ability to deal with the dynamic nature of the feed water quality towards successful and sustainable mine water treatment goes beyond a proactive approach and requires a systemic, predictive approach. This paper discusses the development of an unsteady state mass balance model on a surface dam located on a coal mine towards predicting the dynamic fluctuations in total dam volume and its total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration in the feed water to a NuWater 20 MLD mobile WTP, comprising chemical conditioning, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis (RO). The unsteady state mass balance, incorporated water entering the dam via the opencast pits, underground compartments, seasonal rainfall and the RO brine return. Water leaving the dam comprised the feed water to the WTP, partial brine treatment, surface evaporation and seepage. Validation of the model using actual data over an 8-month period showed excellent results. The model showed that without water treatment, the dam would overflow in 218 days. Although the dam's volume could be sustained at the ideal volume by treating 14.2 MLD, its TDS would exceed the maximum environmental limit in 197 days. Consequently, the combination of a 13.2 MLD WTP with a 1 MLD brine treatment plant provided the optimal water treatment strategy to sustainably maintain the dam's TDS concentration and volume within acceptable limits over the 5-year investigation period. This paper demonstrates the importance of using a predictive methodology for forecasting feed water characteristics and as an early warning system for most water treatment systems that are subjected to dynamic conditions.
20
Zimoch, Izabela, and Jolanta Szymik-Gralewska. "Assessment of the Reliability-Cost Efficiency of the Pumping Subsystems at Water Treatment Plant." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2016-0031.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In last years all countries of the European Union experience decrease of water consumption. What is worse, in most cases large European water treatment plants (WTP) have been design and built decades ago, when water consumption was much higher than nowadays. It is a challenging task to adjust WTP’s capacity to the current water demand as it is associated with costs and safety issues. Minding that fact, authors decided to propose an new authorial methodology of combined reliability-cost efficiency assessment for water supply system with exceeded redundant capacity, based on new index - unit indicator of reliability-cost efficiency. It included both reliability and costs aspects. It was decided to present the new method on example of the pumping subsystems working for WTP in Poland. The research was based on Activity-Based Life Cycle Costs (AB-LCC) methodology together with two-parametric reliability evaluation. Using real operational and financial data an application of proposed authorial reliability-cost indicator was presented. The reliability-cost efficiency assessment allowed to present how operation of each pumping subsystem influenced global operational costs of WTP. This information is essential for decision-making process for rational management of technical facilities.
21
Zaque, Ricardo Augusto Moraes, Welitom Ttatom Pereira da Silva, and Aldecy de Almeida Santos. "Expert system for applying coagulant in water treatment: case study in Nobres (Brazil)." Water Practice and Technology 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 832–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2018.080.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In most Brazilian municipalities, the water supply comes from surface water sources, requiring infrastructure and human resources, especially water treatment. Where infrastructure and human resources are lacking, auxiliary methods and/or substitutes are valuable. The aim of this work was to develop an expert system (ES) to determine and apply coagulant dosing, in real time, in a water treatment plant (WTP). The ES was developed and evaluated at the WTP in Nobres, Mato Grosso (MT) state, Brazil. It is called AIASD (artificial intelligence for aluminium sulphate dosage) and was validated using the Turing test. It can determine and apply coagulant dosing in water treatment. AIASD contributed successfully to WTP operations in Nobres and other WTPs; making decisions and applying the coagulant dosing necessary for water treatment.
22
Park, Jong-Il, Young Lee, Kyoung-A. Jang, Keon-Hoi Kim, Tae-Hoon Lee, and Sun-Wook Kim. "A Study on the Comparative Analysis of 2-MIB Treatment Characteristics and Optimization of Process Operation in 2-types of Advanced Water Treatment Plants in the Han River Water Supply System." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 674–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.12.674.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives:In this study, through the results of the high-concentration 2-MIB (2-Methyl Isoborneol) treatment by two different types of advanced treatment plants (Post Peroxone+GAC, UV/H2O2+GAC F/A) which intake raw water from the same water intake facility, the 2-MIB removal characteristics by oxidation process of each WTPs (Water Treatment Plants) were compared and analyzed, and optimal operation methods were derived.Methods:The 2-MIB removal rate was compared and analyzed according to each AOP (Advanced Oxidation Process) operating conditions (Post Peroxone+GAC of the G WTP and UV/H2O2+GAC F/A of the I WTP). The optimal equations of chemical injection were derived through the correlation between the operating conditions of the AOP for each WTPs and 2-MIB removal rate. By analyzing the operating characteristics of each WTPs, the cost and unit price for optimal operation were calculated according to the 2-MIB concentration of raw water and water production. Optimal operating conditions were derived through the performance of oxidation facilities and chemical injection equations of each WTPs, and economical operating plans were reviewed through linked operation of 2 WTPs.Results and Discussion:The 2-MIB removal rates for each WTPs were 70~100% for the G WTP and 50~96% for the I WTP. The operating conditions affecting the 2-MIB removal were [O3 injection×contact time], H2O2/O3 for Post Peroxone of the G WTP, and [UV dose×H2O2 injection] for UV/H2O2 of the I WTP. As a result of comparing the operating cost(electric power cost + chemical cost) of each WTPs, I WTP was 6.6~24.3 KRW/m3 higher than G WTP. It is considered to be because the H2O2 injection was 11~43 times for UV/H2O2 than Post Peroxone. Optimal operating conditions could be derived through the performance evaluation of each oxidation facilities and chemical injection equations of each WTPs. The G WTP and the I WTP are equipped with pipe line for linked operation in the water supply pipes, so the water production for each WTPs can be distributed. In the case of the same water production, it was confirmed that the unit price can be reduced when the water production ratio of the G WTP is increased. Because the decrease in cost of the I WTP is higher than the increase in cost of the G WTP.Conclusions:It was confirmed that both Post Peroxone+GAC of G WTP and UV/H2O2+GAC F/A of I WTP were effective in 2-MIB treatment. As for the operating cost, it was analyzed that UV/H2O2 had higher unit pice than Post Peroxone because of the large amount of H2O2 injection. Considering the 2-MIB removal rate and operating cost of each WTPs, it was possible to derive the optimal operating conditions for each WTPs and a linked operation plan.
23
Ab Jalil, Mohd Faizal, Nasrul Hamidin, Ahmad Anas Nagoor Gunny, and Ain Nihla Kamarudzaman. "Identification of Trihalomethanes (THMs) Levels in Water Supply: A Case Study in Perlis, Malaysia." E3S Web of Conferences 34 (2018): 02043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183402043.
Full textAbstract:
In Malaysia, chlorination is used for drinking water disinfection at water treatment plants due to its cost-effectiveness and efficiency. However, the use of chlorine poses potential health risks due to the formation of disinfection by-products such as trihalomethanes (THMs). THMs are formed due to the reaction between chlorine and some natural organic matter. The objective of the study is to analyze the level of THMs in the water supply in Perlis, Malaysia. The water samples were collected from end-user tap water near the water treatment plant (WTP) located in Perlis, including Timah Tasoh WTP, Kampung Sungai Baru WTP, Arau Phase I, II, III, and IV WTPs. The THMs were analyzed using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed that the water supply from Timah Tasoh WTP generates the most THMs, whereas Kuala Sungai Baru shows the fewest amounts of total THMs. In conclusion, the presence of THMs in tap water has caused great concern since these components can cause cancer in humans. Therefore, the identification of THM formation is crucial in order to make sure that the tap water quality remains at acceptable safety levels.
24
Sahu, Vaishali, Rounak Attri, Prashast Gupta, and Rakesh Yadav. "Development of eco friendly brick using water treatment plant sludge and processed tea waste." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 3 (November 22, 2019): 727–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-06-2019-0168.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to study the effect of the addition of water treatment plant sludge (WTPS) and processed tea waste (PTW) on the properties of burnt clay bricks. The reuse of WTP sludge as a raw material for brick production is a long-term approach, to sludge disposal, for economic and environmental sustainability. Sludge have been added at 10, 20, 30 and 40% and processed tea waste at 5% (by weight) in replacement of clay for brick manufacturing. Each batch of hand-moulded bricks was fired in a heat controlled furnace at a temperature of 990°C. The compressive strength has been found to increase with the sludge content, however, a slight decrease in compressive strength was observed with tea waste addition. Further, PTW addition has improved the thermal insulation of bricks as compared to controlled bricks. The study shows that 40% WTPS, 5% PTW and 55% natural clayey soil can be considered as an optimum mix for bricks with good compressive strength as well as improved thermal insulation property. Design/methodology/approach Four different mixing ratios of sludge at 10, 20, 30 and 40% of the total weight of sludge-clay mixtures were used to make bricks. Similarly, PTW was investigated as a substitute of natural clayey soil in brick manufacturing. Each batch of hand-moulded bricks was fired in a heat controlled furnace at a temperature of 990°C. The physical, mechanical and engineering properties of the produced WTPS bricks and PTW bricks were determined and evaluated according to various Indian Standard Codes of Specification for burnt clay bricks and certain reference books. Findings The results exhibited that WTP sludge and PTW can be used to produce good quality brick for various engineering applications in construction and building. Increasing the sludge content increases the compressive strength. Moreover, thermal insulation of PTW bricks depicted an upward trend when compared to controlled bricks. Hence, an optimum mixture of 40% WTPS, 5% PTW and 55% natural clayey soil was found, at which bricks showed good compressive strength as well as improved thermal insulation property of the building material. Research limitations/implications The present work provides a sustainable solution for disposal of WTP sludge and tea waste. Utilization of these waste materials in brick manufacturing is viable and economic solution. Practical implications Bricks with 40% WTP sludge and 5% processed tea waste proved to be economic, technically sound for construction purposes with added thermal insulation properties. Social implications Bulk amount of waste such as WTP sludge is a threat to society owing to its environmental implications of disposal. Authors propose to use WTP sludge and tea waste for brick manufacturing and provide a solution to its disposal. Originality/value Water treatment plant sludge along with tea waste have not been tried for brick manufacturing so far. Hence, the composition is new in itself and also have resulted into good performance.
25
Aubakirova, I. U. "USE OF SLUDGE FROM WATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS." Water and Ecology 25, no. 4 (2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.4.32-37.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Currently, the issue related to the utilization of sludge from water treatment plants (WTP), including in the production of building materials, is quite urgent. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to obtain new compositions of raw mixtures to manufacture building products using WTP sludge as a raw component. Methods and Materials. The paper presents the characteristics of the used binders and WTP sludge, and outlines some experimental methods. Portland cement and gypsum binder were used in non-fired materials, while clay was used in fired materials as binders. Strength properties, air and fire shrinkage were determined using standard methods. Results. Based on the analysis of the results obtained during the tests, we established that it is inexpedient to use WTP sludge without special treatment in combination with Portland cement as a binder in the production of non-fired building materials. We also developed preliminary compositions of gypsum concrete with the use of WTP sludge. Conclusion. WTP sludge can be most effectively used in the production of fired ceramic materials. However, its practical use requires more detailed research aimed at optimizing compositions and designing specific processes, including, if necessary, those related to sludge treatment.
26
Dharmappa, H. B., A. Hasia, and P. Hagare. "Water treatment plant residuals management." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 8 (April 1, 1997): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0296.
Full textAbstract:
Water treatment plants produce enormous amounts of sludge. Due to increased environmental concern, recently, there is considerable amount of pressure on the water authorities for the safe disposal of the sludge. Currently, the most acceptable form of disposal is sanitary landfilling, which requires sludge to be dewatered to 20-40% of solids. One of the most commonly used dewatering techniques is sand drying beds. This process is popular because of its reliability, ease of use and low cost. However, one of the basic concerns with this process is the requirement of a large area of land. This could be overcome by chemical conditioning of the sludge, which can accelerate the dewatering rate substantially. At this stage, however, there are no guidelines for the design of the sand drying beds for treating chemically conditioned sludges. This study is conducted to investigate the design and performance of sand drying beds for treating chemically conditioned water treatment plant (WTP) sludge. Experiments are conducted using laboratory scale sand drainage columns. The results indicate that the drainage rates, after adding polymer, increased by 9 times for clarifier sludge and 20-25 times for filter backwash sludge. Thus, the land area requirement for sand drainage bed can be drastically reduced through polymer addition. Optimal dose of polymer is found to be between 3 and 6 kg/t of dry solids, with dilute sludges requiring high dosages. The cake solids concentration increased from 3 to 12% as the polymer dose increased from 0 to 16 kg/t of dry solids. The variation of drainage rates and cake solids with solids/hydraulic loading rates are found to vary depending on the type of sludges and polymers. The filtrate quality is found to be independent of polymer dose and solids loading rates.
27
Aparicio Ardila, Maria Alejandra, Samira Tessarolli de Souza, Jefferson Lins da Silva, Clever Aparecido Valentin, and Angela Di Bernardo Dantas. "Geotextile Tube Dewatering Performance Assessment: An Experimental Study of Sludge Dewatering Generated at a Water Treatment Plant." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 2, 2020): 8129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198129.
Full textAbstract:
Using geotextile tubes as dewatering technology may significantly contribute to sustainable treatment of sludge generated in different industries, such as the water industry. This is an economical alternative for dewatering sludge from a Water Treatment Plant (WTP), which prevents sludge from being directly deposited in water bodies and makes it possible to then transfer the sludge to landfills. This paper presents a laboratory study and a statistical analysis, carried out to evaluate the geotextile tube dewatering of sludge from a WTP, discussing the relation between the independent variables (initial Total Solids (TS) of the sludge and polymer dosing) and dependent variables (performance indices used in the literature) evaluated using semi-performance tests. Sludge from a WTP and three different types of geotextiles bags were used. Changes in the geotextiles’ characteristics after dewatering were also evaluated, quantitatively using permittivity tests and qualitatively by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results indicated turbidity of effluent that met the Brazilian regulations for the discharge of effluents into Class 2 water bodies, as well as higher percent-solids than those obtained with mechanical dewatering technologies. This study underscores the importance of semi-performance tests to understand dewatering in geotextile tubes.
28
Petris, Alinne, Marcel Jefferson Gonçalves, Paula Angélica Roratto, and Juliane Araujo Greinert Goulart. "Physicochemical, microbiological and parasitological characterization of the filter backwash water from a water treatment plant of Blumenau - SC and alternatives for treatment and reuse." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 14, no. 3 (May 20, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2372.
Full textAbstract:
Filter Backwash Water (FBW) from water treatment plants (WTP) is composed of raw water waste, chemicals and microorganisms. Inappropriate disposal of this residue impacts negatively in the environment and in the health of human populations. Aiming to characterize the FBW from one WTP of Blumenau-SC, physiochemical, microbiological and parasitological assessments and tests with different flocculants polymers were performed in order to propose strategies for treatment and reuse of this residue. Subsequently treated liquid is discharged into the Itajaí-Açu River (Class 2). Physicochemical and microbiological analyses showed results higher than those permitted by CONAMA Resolution n° 430/2011 and Giardia duodenalis (Assembly B) cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst positivity was observed, characterizing as polluted and contaminated residue that shouldn't be released in the hydric body. The anionic flocculant polymer showed satisfactory results in the turbidity sample reduction (99.49%), which may be a promising alternative in the treatment of this residue.
29
Genius, M., M. Manioudaki, E. Mokas, E. Pantagakis, D. Tampakakis, and K. P. Tsagarakis. "Estimation of willingness to pay for wastewater treatment." Water Supply 5, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0055.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to analyse residents' acceptability (willingness to use) of a wastewater treatment plant in their region and to evaluate citizens' Willingness to Pay (WTP) for the public provision of central wastewater treatment. We present a case study on rural and seaside tourist areas of the Municipalities of Lappaion, Georgioupolis and Krioneridas located in North-West Crete. For this purpose, a double bound dichotomous choice format contingent valuation study was conducted where members of 326 households were interviewed with face to face interviews. Mean WTP was found to be 44 € to be paid as an additional charge on the water bill, which is considerably higher than the estimated amount needed for the investment.
30
Oliveira, M. D., L. D. V. Melo, L. L. Queiroga, S. M. A. C. Oliveira, and M. Libanio. "Applying reliability analysis to evaluate water treatment plants." Water Supply 14, no. 4 (March 8, 2014): 634–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.019.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the applicability of reliability analysis to a water treatment plant (WTP). Data from daily monitoring of raw and finished water quality from a direct filtration WTP covered the parameters of turbidity, apparent colour, pH, aluminum, chlorine and fluoride, from December 2007 to August 2011. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and adherence tests to normal, log-normal, rectangular, exponential and gamma distributions. A reliability analysis was conducted in three steps: (i) estimation of mean values for monitored parameters based on the established percentage of compliance and comparison with observed mean; (ii) estimation of expected percentage of compliance based on observed mean values and comparison with the observed percentages; and (iii) evaluation of the applicability of reliability analysis to parameters with upper and lower limits. When the comparison between estimated and observed percentages of compliance was made, reliability analysis led to inaccurate results for parameters whose observed percentage of compliance remained below 90%. For parameters whose observed percentage of compliance tended to fullness, deviations were not observed. It is believed that such a conclusion can be extrapolated to estimated mean values: most accurate results are obtained for parameters that have percentages of compliance near 100%.
31
Menezes, Carina, Elisabete Valério, Maria João Botelho, and Elsa Dias. "Isolation and Characterization of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Strains from Finished Drinking Water." Toxins 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12010040.
Full textAbstract:
In the summer of 2015, an intense cyanobacterial bloom producing geosmin/2-methylisoborneol (MIB) occurred in the Roxo freshwater reservoir in Alentejo, Portugal. The drinking water supplied from the Roxo water treatment plant (WTP) exhibited an unpleasant odor/taste and a significant cyanobacteria density was detected in the finished water at the exit of the WTP. Cyanobacteria were not evaluated downstream of the WTP, namely, at the city reservoir. The aim of this work was to isolate and characterize viable cyanobacteria present in finished water (exit of the WTP and city reservoir) that withstand conventional water treatment. Treated water samples collected at both sites were inoculated in Z8 culture medium to provide the conditions for putative cyanobacterial growth. After 30 days, filamentous cyanobacteria were observed in cultures inoculated with samples from the exit point of the WTP. Viable trichomes were isolated and identified as Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii by morphometric and molecular analysis. None of the isolates were cylindrospermopsin/microcystin producers, as confirmed by ELISA and amplification of corresponding genes (PS/PKS and mcyA-cd/mcyAB/mcyB). ELISA results were positive for saxitoxin, but saxitoxin and derivatives were not detected by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FLD), nor were their related genes (sxtA/sxtA4/sxtB/sxtM/sxtPer/sxtI). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the establishment of cultures of C. raciborskii that resisted water treatment processes.
32
Din, Abdul Talib, V. K. Kher, and Chee Fai Tan. "An Innovative Method of Harnessing Hydraulic Energy for Mini Cost-Saving Water Treatment Plant Using Hydraulic Turbine: A Mathematical Approach towards Design and Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 833–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.833.
Full textAbstract:
River pollution has been a well-known worldwide issue and the impacts of polluted rivers are greatly affecting the health well-being of people worldwide. Meanwhile water treatment plants (WTP) have increasing energy cost. However, an abundance of hydraulic energy is stored in the flowing river water. The hydraulic energy can be harvested to be converted into mechanical energy to operate the WTP. This paper is focused on explaining an efficient and green method to harvest hydraulic energy to reduce the energy cost incurred by the usage of motorized equipment in conventional WTP. This product has dual purpose with dual benefit of restoring the quality of river water quality as well as harvesting readily available hydraulic energy to reduce energy cost.
33
Kote, A. S., and D. V. Wadkar. "Modeling of Chlorine and Coagulant Dose in a Water Treatment Plant by Artificial Neural Networks." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 3 (June 8, 2019): 4176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2725.
Full textAbstract:
Coagulation and chlorination are complex processes of a water treatment plant (WTP). Determination of coagulant and chlorine dose is time-consuming. Many times WTP operators in India determine the coagulant and chlorine dose approximately using their experience, which may lead to the use of excess or insufficient dose. Hence, there is a need to develop prediction models to determine optimum chlorine and coagulant doses. In this paper, artificial neural networks (ANN) are used for prediction due to their ability to learn and model non-linear and complex relationships. Separate ANN models for chlorine and coagulant doses are explored with radial basis neural network (RBFNN), feed-forward neural network (FFNN), cascade feed forward neural network (CFNN) and generalized regression neural network (GRNN). For modeling, daily water quality data of the last four years are collected from the plant laboratory of WTP in Maharashtra (India). In order to improve performance, these models are established by varying input variables, hidden nodes, training functions, spread factor, and epochs. The best models are selected based on the comparison of performance measures. It is observed that the best performing chlorine dose model using defined statistics is found to be RBFNN with R=0.999. Similarly, the CFNN coagulant dose model with Bayesian regularization (BR) training function provided excellent estimates with network architecture (2-40-1) and R=0.947. Based on the above models, two graphical user interfaces (GUIs) were developed for real-time prediction of chlorine and coagulant dose, which will be useful for plant operators and decision makers.
34
Młyński, Dariusz, Krzysztof Chmielowski, and Anna Młyńska. "Analysis of hydraulic load of a wastewater treatment plant in Jasło." Journal of Water and Land Development 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2016-0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper presents an analysis of hydraulic load in a wastewater treatment plant (WTP) in Jasło. The study was based on the records of daily sewage volume entering the treatment plant within a multi-year period of 2010–2014. The analysis took into account the average daily amount of incoming sewage, the maximum daily peaking factor for the incoming sewage, changes in the sewage volume depending on specific month and day of a week, and class intervals with the greatest frequency of occurrence. The analysis revealed that the average daily volume of the sewage entering the WTP in Jasło in the investigated multi-year period was 13 045 m3·d−1. The amount of incoming sewage was variable, as evidenced by the maximum peaking factors of daily sewage inflow that ranged from 1.07 to 2.78, depending on a specific month. The sewage admission was the largest in March, May and June and on Saturdays. Sewage volume interval most often occurring at the WTP in Jasło was the one between 8 000 and 10 000 m3·d−1. The study results indicated that the facility was hydraulically underloaded.
35
Meadows, Maxwell, Soni M. Pradhanang, Thomas B. Boving, and Hichem Hadjeres. "Nitrosamines: A review of formation pathways, precursors, control, and occurrence in drinking water." MATEC Web of Conferences 280 (2019): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928005003.
Full textAbstract:
Nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) are emerging by-products that may be present in drinking water as by-products of water treatment plant (WTP) operations. Nitrosamines are N-DBPs that form by reaction of chloramine with certain organic nitrogen-containing compounds; however, the exact processes and environments in which nitrosamines form are still not well understood. Organic nitrogen precursors react within the WTP and distribution system, forming the toxic by-products during chloramination, or while in distribution. To best control the formation potential of nitrosamines, precursors must be removed from source water prior to chloramine disinfection. These nitrosamine forming precursors are abundant in source waters worldwide, presenting a need for further study of the mechanisms that reduce the formation potential of nitrosamines in chloramination WTPs.
36
Dorea, C. C., B. A. Clarke, and S. Bertrand. "Performance of a rural multi-stage filtration plant after its handover." Water Policy 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2004.0036.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reports on the performance of a multi-stage filtration (MSF) system and associated operational details two years after its handover to the local water association (Regie) in Nyabwishongwezi, Rwanda. During a shortterm study period the Nyabwishongwezi Water Treatment Plant (WTP) was monitored for turbidity, suspended solids and faecal coliform removals. Results indicated that although the quality of the product water did not comply with WHO guidelines, it was still aesthetically much more acceptable than the source water (River Umuvumba). Despite operational difficulties, the Regie continues to run the system and serve local communities in this rural area of Africa. The relative success of the Nyabwishongwezi Regie contrasts dramatically with the experiences of the nearby communities served by the Ntoma WTP that reportedly only worked for two days. Two years after the Nyabwishongwezi plant handover several problems have been identified and discussed with the Regie.
37
Devesa, R., R. Cardeñoso, and L. Matía. "Contribution of the FPA tasting panel to decision making about drinking water treatment facilities." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 5 (March 1, 2007): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.171.
Full textAbstract:
The flavour profile analysis (FPA) panel of Aigües de Barcelona has participated in three engineering projects initiated to improve both the quality of the water supplied and the use of the scarce resources available. The information provided by the panel enables a solid evaluation of the organoleptic quality of the water produced in the facilities, which is very useful in making decisions concerning the development of the projects. The first project refers to the Besòs full scale nanofiltration pilot plant. The study includes characterisation of the organoleptic quality of the water obtained and the behaviour of blends in different proportions with water from the Ter river. Secondly, this article presents the results obtained in El Papiol pilot plant for the reduction of trihalomethanes in water from the Abrera WTP, situated by the Llobregat river. The tasting results indicate that the stripping treatment slightly improves the quality of water, whereas the improvement is more remarkable with carbon filtration. The third project was the reverse osmosis pilot plant installed in the Sant Joan Despí WTP, which also collects water from the Llobregat river. A gradual improvement of the water treated was clearly observed when increasing amounts of reverse osmosis treated water were added. Some trends were also observed according to the characteristics of the feed water to the reverse osmosis facilities.
38
Wigginton, Sara K., Elizabeth Q. Brannon, Patrick J. Kearns, Brittany V. Lancellotti, Alissa Cox, Serena Moseman-Valtierra, George W. Loomis, and Jose A. Amador. "Nitrifying and Denitrifying Microbial Communities in Centralized and Decentralized Biological Nitrogen Removing Wastewater Treatment Systems." Water 12, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): 1688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061688.
Full textAbstract:
Biological nitrogen removal (BNR) in centralized and decentralized wastewater treatment systems is assumed to be driven by the same microbial processes and to have communities with a similar composition and structure. There is, however, little information to support these assumptions, which may impact the effectiveness of decentralized systems. We used high-throughput sequencing to compare the structure and composition of the nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial communities of nine onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) and one wastewater treatment plant (WTP) by targeting the genes coding for ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) and nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ). The amoA diversity was similar between the WTP and OWTS, but nosZ diversity was generally higher for the WTP. Beta diversity analyses showed the WTP and OWTS promoted distinct amoA and nosZ communities, although there is a core group of N-transforming bacteria common across scales of BNR treatment. Our results suggest that advanced N-removal OWTS have microbial communities that are sufficiently distinct from those of WTP with BNR, which may warrant different management approaches.
39
Mohammed, Nisreen Yaseen, and Khalid Adel Abdulrazzaq. "Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality in Al Wahda Treatment Plant in Baghdad City- Iraq." Journal of Engineering 27, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2021.09.04.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to evaluate drinking water quality at the Al Wahda plant (WTP) in Baghdad city. A conventional water treatment plant with an average flow rate of 72.82 MLD. Water samples were taken from the influent and effluent of the treatment plant and analyzed for some physicochemical and biological parameters during the period from June to November 2020. The results of the evaluation indicate that treated water has almost the same characteristics as raw water; in other terms, the plant units do not remove pollutants as efficiently as intended. Based on this, the station appears to be nothing more than a series of water passage units. However, apart from Total dissolved solids, the mean values of all parameters in the study were of acceptable quality in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.
40
Alves Henriques, Juscelino, Marcelo Libânio, Veber Afonso Figueiredo Costa, and Mariângela Dutra de Oliveira. "Modelo de predição de desempenho de estações de tratamento de água de pequeno porte usando redes neurais artificiais." Revista DAE 221, no. 68 (December 10, 2019): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36659/dae.2020.008.
Full textAbstract:
As estações de tratamento de água (ETAs) têm um papel fundamental e estratégico no controle de doenças transmitidas pela água por meio da potabilização da água, para atender às necessidades da população que é abastecida por ela. Nesse contexto, a avaliação do desempenho dessas estações é primordial, particularmente para as entidades responsáveis pelo estágio de controle da qualidade da água, uma vez que a ETA deve apre- sentar e operar com condições mínimas necessárias para alcançar seu objetivo. Para o desenvolvimento dos modelos (Modelo 1 - com base na turbidez da água tratada e Modelo 2 - com base na cor aparente da água tratada) foram utilizados dados referentes à qualidade da água bruta e tratada, fatores operacionais e parâme- tros hidráulicos de 3 ETAs, com taxas de fluxo de 50 L.s-1 ou menos. Os modelos foram desenvolvidos usando a caixa de ferramentas do Matlab®, a partir da rede neural do tipo de camadas recorrentes, com função de ativação tansig e purelin. Como resultados, os modelos apresentaram coeficientes de determinação de 0,928 e 0,823 para turbidez e cor aparente da água tratada, respectivamente. Os resultados corroboram a aplicação da Inteligência Artificial em estações de tratamento de água, com o objetivo de otimizar processos e garantir uma maior operabilidade da ETAs, gerando um produto cada vez mais confiável. Palavras-chave: Desempenho da planta de tratamento de água. Processos de otimização. Rede neural artificial. Abstract The water treatment plants (WTP) have a fundamental and strategic role in the control of waterborne diseases through the potabilization of water, to meet the needs of the population that is supplied by it. In this context, evaluating the performance of these stations is paramount, particularly for the entities responsible for the water quality control stage, since WTP must present and operate with minimum conditions necessary to achieve its ob- jective. For the development of the models (Model 1 - based on turbidity of treated water and Model 2 - based on the apparent color of the treated water) data were used referring to raw and treated water quality, operational factors and hydraulic parameters of 3 WTPs, with flow rates of 50 L.s-1 or less. The models were developed usingthe Matlab® toolbox, from the neural network of the recurrent layers type, with activation function tansig and purelin. As results, the models presented regression coefficients of 0.928 and 0.823 for turbidity and apparent color of treated water, respectively. The results corroborate for the application of Artificial Intelligence in water treatment plants, with a view to optimizing processes and guaranteeing greater WTPs operability, generating an increasingly reliable product. Keywords: Water treatment plant performance. Optimization processes. Artificial Neural Network.
41
Ali M, M. Nushron, and Antonius Kusuma. "ANALISA KINERJA MESIN WTP MENGGUNAKAN METODE FMEA DAN PENJADWALAN PREVENTIF MAINTENANCE." WAKTU: Jurnal Teknik UNIPA 17, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/waktu.v17i01.1829.
Full textAbstract:
Ketersediaan air murni merupakan kebutuhan pokok perusahaan, yang menjadi salah satu syarat utama untuk proses produksi agar perusahaan dapat memproduksi krimer. Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan produksi perusahaan harus memiliki Water Treatment Plant dengan kinerja yang baik. Water Treatment Plant yang baik dapat menghasilkan air murni yang banyak sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan air yang diperlukan oleh Perusahaan. Penelitian ini sangat diperlukan untuk mendapatkan kinerja Water Treatment Plant yang baik untuk meningkatkan hasil air murni Perusahaan XYZ. Penilitian ini menggunakan metode Failure Mode and Effects Analysis(FMEA) untuk mengklasifikasi komponen mana yang membutuhkan perawatan dan penjadwalan. Penjadwalan di penelitian ini menggunakan metode Realibility Center Maintenance (RCM). Dalam penelitian ini menghasilkan Mean Time To Trepair ( MTTR ) sandfilter 0,48 jam, bag filter 0,68 jam, cartridge filter 1,22 jam. Mean Time To Failure (MTTF ) sand filter 684 jam, bag filter 190,3 jam, cartridge filter 236,8 jam. Dan MTBF sandfilter dengan rata-rata 708 jam, bag filter dengan rata-rata 214,8 jam dan cartridge filter dengan rata-rata 260,8 jam per tahun. Selain MTTR, MTTF dan Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF )hasil penilitian lainnya ialah keandalan (realibility) sand filter dengan nilai 0,178, bag filter dengan nilai 0,0053, dan cartridge filter dengan nilai 0,00889.
42
Ali M, M. Nushron, and Antonius Kusuma. "ANALISA KINERJA MESIN WTP MENGGUNAKAN METODE FMEA DAN PENJADWALAN PREVENTIF MAINTENANCE." WAKTU: Jurnal Teknik UNIPA 17, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/waktu.v17i1.1829.
Full textAbstract:
Ketersediaan air murni merupakan kebutuhan pokok perusahaan, yang menjadi salah satu syarat utama untuk proses produksi agar perusahaan dapat memproduksi krimer. Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan produksi perusahaan harus memiliki Water Treatment Plant dengan kinerja yang baik. Water Treatment Plant yang baik dapat menghasilkan air murni yang banyak sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan air yang diperlukan oleh Perusahaan. Penelitian ini sangat diperlukan untuk mendapatkan kinerja Water Treatment Plant yang baik untuk meningkatkan hasil air murni Perusahaan XYZ. Penilitian ini menggunakan metode Failure Mode and Effects Analysis(FMEA) untuk mengklasifikasi komponen mana yang membutuhkan perawatan dan penjadwalan. Penjadwalan di penelitian ini menggunakan metode Realibility Center Maintenance (RCM). Dalam penelitian ini menghasilkan Mean Time To Trepair ( MTTR ) sandfilter 0,48 jam, bag filter 0,68 jam, cartridge filter 1,22 jam. Mean Time To Failure (MTTF ) sand filter 684 jam, bag filter 190,3 jam, cartridge filter 236,8 jam. Dan MTBF sandfilter dengan rata-rata 708 jam, bag filter dengan rata-rata 214,8 jam dan cartridge filter dengan rata-rata 260,8 jam per tahun. Selain MTTR, MTTF dan Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF )hasil penilitian lainnya ialah keandalan (realibility) sand filter dengan nilai 0,178, bag filter dengan nilai 0,0053, dan cartridge filter dengan nilai 0,00889.
43
Zekri, Slim, Samiha Al Harthi, Hemesiri Kotagama, and Shekar Bose. "An estimate of the willingness to pay for treated wastewater for irrigation in Oman." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 21 (January 1, 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol21iss0pp57-64.
Full textAbstract:
The volume of Treated Wastewater (TW) produced in Oman is increasing, due to increased connection of houses to the sewage network and increased construction of wastewater treatment plants. Despite 68% of the TW been used for irrigating urban landscapes, 10.3 Mm3 TW has been discharged to the sea in 2014. Wastewater treatment plants are owned and operated by private companies, which aspire to sell excess TW, particularly to farmers, in order to recover cost of wastewater treatment. This paper has used the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to estimate the farmers’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) for TW for farm irrigation. Seventy two farmers responded to a face-to face interview on eliciting WTP to purchase TW as irrigation water, out of a total population of 400 farmers in Seeb region who have farms in proximity to a wastewater treatment plant. The results indicated that farmers’ WTP for TW was on average 0.111 OR/m3. WTP for TW was significantly affected by the income of farmers and whether the farm is a market oriented or non-market hobby oriented farm. The percentage of farmers willing to pay the average price or higher was 38%. Most farmers are not willing to pay the price currently charged by the wastewater treatment company for landscaping irrigation (0.220 OR/m3) given the large volumes required for farm irrigation. Even rich farmers maintaining hobby farms are willing to pay only 0.128 OR/m3 versus 0.087 OR/m3 by the market oriented farmers. The WTP for TW is higher than the prices reported (OR 0.005 to 0.023 OR/ m3) for groundwater used in agriculture in Oman. .
44
Foping, Franclin S. "A web-based early-warning service to monitor drinking-water treatment plant operations." Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, no. 2010 (January 1, 2010): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2010.15.
Full textAbstract:
Drinking contaminated water can be harmful to our health. According to the World Health Organization, about 1.8 million people die every year across the world from water-borne diseases mainly caused by polluted drinking water. Furthermore, the cryptosporidium outbreak that happened in Galway in 2007 indicates the urgency to provide appropriate solutions in order to counteract this ominous situation in the country. Water treatment plants (WTP) are basic components of modern water supply and distribution systems. These are engineering systems that purify raw water to specific safety levels. The raw water passes through a series of treatment phases wherein it is processed and purified according to existing safety protocols regulating drinking water. After undergoing a purification step, the drinking water is distributed to the consumers through a network of pipes, pumps and reservoirs. The research presented in this report is focused on the safety of these critical infrastructures. In particular, the ...
45
Ariyansah, Riyan, Istianto Budhi Rahardja, and Adhes Gamayel. "ANALISIS DESAIN STATIC MIXER PIPE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PROSES KOAGULASI DI EXTERNAL WATER TREATMENT PLANT (WTP)." Jurnal ASIIMETRIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa & Inovasi 2, no. 2 (July 8, 2020): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/asiimetrik.v2i2.1386.
Full textAbstract:
Di pabrik kelapa sawit, Water Treatment Plant adalah stasiun yang digunakan khusus untuk melakukan proses pengolahan air. Adapun tahapan-tahapan dari proses pengolahannya adalah dari sungai, waduk (reservoir) untreated tank, clarifier tank, water basin, sand filter, treated water tank dan selanjutnya dikirim untuk domestik dan air untuk kebutuhan dalam pengoperasian Boiler. Kualitas air yang dihasilkan sangat tergantung bagaimana cara pengolahan dan jumlah chemical yang dibutuhkan dalam kg/jam, dan kinerja dari chemical juga dipengaruhi oleh desain dari Water Treatment Plant itu sendiri. Adapun jenis chemical yang ada pada pengolahan air di Water Treatment Plant adalah untuk koagulan digunakan alum (Nalco 3276) sebagai pembuat flock dan utuk flokulasi digunakan Nalco 8173. Untuk meningkatkan kerja dari Nalco 3276 sebagai pembuat flock adalah dengan cara menyebarkan keseluruh bagian sisi pipa dan menurunkan laju kecepatannya sehingga flocknya dapat terbentuk secara sempurna dan juga memudahkan kerja dari Nalco 8173 sebagai penjaring atau penangkap flock. Dengan alasan ini dibuatlah sebuah alat guna menunjang kinerja dari Nalco 3276 yaitu Static Mixer Pipe sebagai pengaduk dan menaikkan turbulensi dari Re 95.808,800 hingga menjadi Re 191.912,2400. Sedangkan penambahan Head loss yang terjadi adalah sebesar 0,4542 m dari total Head loss desain awal yaitu 5,343 m. Penambahan Static Mixer Pipe akan menghasilkan dua kali pengadukan yang lebih besar dari aliran turbulen yang terjadi sehingga akan menghasilkan pembentukan flock yang lebih banyak sehingga menghasilkan kualitas air yang lebih baik untuk proses pengolahan air di pabrik minyak kelapa sawit (PMKS).
46
Nuriana, Wulan, and Tjiptogoro Dinarjo Soehari. "PENGARUH KOMPENSASI, KEPEMIMPINAN DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN." Akademika 8, no. 01 (June 26, 2019): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34005/akademika.v8i01.330.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of Compensation, Leadership and Motivation to the employee performance in Water Treatment Plant (WTP) PT. Multi Artha Pratama. This study is a quantitative research method. The sampling technique uses a saturated sampling of 50 employees as respondents. The data analitycal is multiple linear regression. The results showed that Compensation and Leadership have positive affect the performance of the employee while, motivation have significant and positive effect on the variable performance of the employee with a strong degree of correlation. Compensation, Leadership and Motivation jointly and significant positive effection the variable performance of the employee performance. The researchers suggest is that the motivation needs to be higher for the performance of employees in WTP PT. Multi Artha Pratama over rise.
Keywords: Compensation, Leadership, Motivation, Employee Performance.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisa pengaruh Kompensasi, Kepemimpinan dan Motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan Water Treatment Plant (WTP) PT. Multi Artha Pratama. Jenis penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan WTP PT. Multi Artha Pratama. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan sampling jenuh dengan 50 karyawan sebagai responden. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Kompensasi dan Kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan, sedangkan motivasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan serta kompensasi, kepemimpinan dan motivasi secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Saran peneliti adalah agar motivasi lebih ditingkatkan agar kinerja karyawan di WTP PT. Multi Artha Pratama lebih meningkat.
Kata kunci: Kompensasi, Kepemimpinan, Motivasi, Kinerja Karyawan.
47
Mora, C. B. H., and S. De Oliveira Jr. "ENVIRONMENTAL EXERGY ANALYSIS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2006): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v5i2.61848.
Full textAbstract:
This work evaluates the environmental impact of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WTP) based on data generated by the exergy analysis, calculating and applying environmental impact indexes for two WTP located in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo. The environmental impact of the waste water treatment plants was done by means of evaluating two environmental impact exergy based indexes: the environmental exergy efficiency (ηenv,exerg) and the total pollution rate (Rpol,t). The environmental exergy efficiency is defined as the ratio of the exergy of the useful effect of the WTP to the total exergy consumed by human and natural resources, including all the exergy inputs. That relation is an indication of the theoretical potential of future improvements of the process. Besides the environmental exergy efficiency, it is also used the total pollution rate, based on the definition done by Makarytchev (1997), as the ratio of the destroyed exergy associated to the process wastes to the exergy of the useful effect of the process. The analysis of the results shows that this method can be used to quantify and also optimise the environmental performance of Wastewater Treatment Plants.
48
Wang, G. S., S. P. Lai, and Y. T. Huang. "Biodegradation of haloacetic acids in water treatment processes." Water Supply 9, no. 5 (December 1, 2009): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2009.487.
Full textAbstract:
Formation and degradation of haloacetic acids (HAAs) in Tai Lake Water Treatment Plant (WTP) in Kin-Men County, Taiwan, were evaluated in this study. The results showed that formation of HAAs after chlorination is a fast process. Owing to the presence of fairly high organic precursors in the raw water, a large amount of HAAs (up to 80 μg/L in summer) was formed after addition of the pre-chlorine, and only a small portion of the HAAs was removed during the coagulation, flotation, and rapid filtration units. However, more than 80% of HAAs were removed in slow sand filtration (SSF) unit. Laboratory batch filtration tests showed that the HAAs can not be effectively removed by conventional coagulation and filtration treatments. However, the HAAs in water was effectively removed by biodegradation in batch biodegradation tests using filter sands taken from the top of the SSF unit in Tai Lake WTP. For comparison with the results obtained in batch experiments, simulated SSF systems were also installed in laboratory to evaluate the effects of biodegradation for HAAs removal in filter columns. Results of parallel laboratory SSF column tests showed that HAAs was quickly degraded when the simulated SSFs have been operated for a suitable time to allow the microbial growth on the sand surface. In both batch and simulated SSF biodegradation treatments, the biodegradation rates for HAAs decreased as the number of halogen atoms increased. The results in this study demonstrated that biological degradation is the major mechanism responsible for HAAs removal in the SSF units.
49
Osman, Yehia A., Waled M. El-Senousy, Adel A. El-Morsi, and Mohammed K. Rashed. "Efficiency of Traditional Water Treatment Plant and Compact Units in Removing Viruses." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 3 (September 25, 2015): 528–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i3.13332.
Full textAbstract:
The fecal bacteria have been taken as the gold standard for water industry. However, the spread of viral gastroenteritis due to drinking water have given a momentum to a recent push by microbiologists to consider viruses as important pollution indicator as fecal bacteria. Therefore, we designed a study to evaluate the efficiency of two types of water purification systems: the traditional water treatment plant and two types compact units. Both systems produced drinking waters free of bacteria, chemical contaminants and mostly viruses free. However, recent advances in molecular biology techniques, such as RT-PCR have detected Rotaviruses in chlorinated drinking waters resulted from all systems. The frequency of Rotaviruses since October 2010 till September 2012 in Shark El-Mansoura WTP in drinking water samples was 12.5% similar to raw water. While the compact unit at Depo Awam (American design) the frequency of Rotavirus was 16.6% in both raw and drinking water samples. On the other hand the virus frequency in the raw and drinking water sample in El-Danabik unit (Egyptian design) were 12.5% and 4.16% respectively. Signifying failure of the chlorination process in removing viruses completely. However, detection of Rotavirus genome in the drinking water samples does not means the presence of its infectivity. The infectious ability of the rotaviruses was confirmed by CC-RT-PCR in all positive samples, where viral RNA was not detected in the collected drinking water samples. In conclusion RT-PCR and CC-RT-PCR techniques high lightened the need to include viruses as mandatory pollution indicator in water treatment plants. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 528-536
50
Chen, Fei, William B. Anderson, and Peter M. Huck. "An approach for determining the most critical among a suite of chemical contaminants at a drinking water intake." Water Supply 13, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 835–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.075.
Full textAbstract:
An integrated approach for the identification and assessment of the most critical chemical contaminant(s) at a drinking water intake has been developed. It involves the determination of a threshold or critical raw water concentration (CRWC) for target contaminants using the observed overall removal efficiency of a specific water treatment plant (WTP) and regulated drinking water concentrations for the target contaminants. The exceedance probability relative to the CRWC based on historical raw water quality monitoring data is then calculated. Finally, the integration of the raw water quality data and the overall efficiency of a particular WTP sequence allows for identification of the most critical contaminant(s) as well as an advance indication of which contaminants are most likely to challenge a plant. The proactive nature of this approach gives a utility the impetus and time to assess current treatment processes and potential alternatives. In addition, it was found that three- or four-parameter theoretical distributions are more appropriate than two-parameter probability distributions for the fitting of raw water quality data. This study reveals that the reliance on raw and/or treated water contaminant concentrations in isolation or on theoretical removals through treatment processes can, in some circumstances, be misguided.