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Journal articles on the topic 'Water treatment processes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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1

Rittmann, Bruce E. "Aerobic biological treatment. Water treatment processes." Environmental Science & Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1987): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00156a002.

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2

Legrini, O., E. Oliveros, and A. M. Braun. "Photochemical processes for water treatment." Chemical Reviews 93, no. 2 (March 1993): 671–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr00018a003.

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3

Jenkins, Robert G. "Adsorption processes for water treatment." Carbon 26, no. 2 (1988): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(88)90046-2.

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4

Goncharuk, V. V., A. O. Samsoni-Todorov, V. A. Yaremenko, O. A. Savchenko, I. A. Vygovska, and A. V. Mamaenko. "Aerosole complexes in water treatment processes." Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology 38, no. 3 (May 2016): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1063455x16030012.

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5

Wagenet, Linda. "Unit Processes in Drinking Water Treatment." Journal of Environmental Quality 22, no. 3 (July 1993): 636–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200030038x.

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6

Weber, W. J., and E. J. LeBoeuf. "Processes for Advanced Treatment of Water." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1999): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0569.

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A case-oriented approach is used to illustrate developments and applications of biological and physicochemical technologies, either alone or in sequenced arrays, for advanced treatment to facilitate reuse of water in a range of environmental scenarios. Examples cited include chemical oxidation processes for removal of color and oxygen demand from textile mill effluents, sequential anaerobic/aerobic biological treatment of recalcitrant and inhibitory organic compounds in ammunition plant wastewaters, separation and recovery of organic solvents from mixed industrial waste streams, remediation of contaminated subsurface waters, membrane treatment of effluents from secondary biological wastewater treatment plants, and integrated bio-membrane treatment of industrial and municipal wastewaters. The paper provides an overview of methods and applications for source waters of various qualities. It concludes with a generalized guide to technology selection based upon specific water characteristics.
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7

Koleva, Mariya N., Eleftheria M. Polykarpou, Songsong Liu, Craig A. Styan, and Lazaros G. Papageorgiou. "Optimal design of water treatment processes." Desalination and Water Treatment 57, no. 56 (May 12, 2016): 26954–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2016.1173595.

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8

Prihod'ko, Roman V., and Nely M. Soboleva. "Photocatalysis: Oxidative Processes in Water Treatment." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/168701.

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The efficiency of various homogeneous and heterogeneous systems photocatalytic processes destructive oxidation of organic compounds of different classes is considered. It is shown that photocatalytic methods can significantly increase the speed and depth (up to complete mineralization) of decomposition processes of toxicants. The use of photocatalysis (PC) in the creation of low-power water treatment technologies is a promising direction in addressing environmental problems of the hydrosphere.
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9

O’Shea, Kevin E., and Dionysios D. Dionysiou. "Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 3, no. 15 (August 2, 2012): 2112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz300929x.

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10

Cooper, Colin, and Robbie Burch. "Mesoporous materials for water treatment processes." Water Research 33, no. 18 (December 1999): 3689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(99)00095-0.

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11

Sutherland, Ken. "Water and sewage: Sewage treatment processes." Filtration & Separation 44, no. 7 (September 2007): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(07)70217-3.

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12

Bouwer, Edward J., and Patricia B. Crowe. "Biological Processes in Drinking Water Treatment." Journal - American Water Works Association 80, no. 9 (September 1988): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1988.tb03103.x.

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13

Arbault, Damien, Benedetto Rugani, Ligia Tiruta-Barna, and Enrico Benetto. "Emergy evaluation of water treatment processes." Ecological Engineering 60 (November 2013): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.07.046.

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14

Dushkin, S. "CONTACT CLARIFIERS IN DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 170 (June 24, 2022): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2022-3-170-44-52.

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The article deals with the issues of resource-saving technology in the preparation of drinking water on contact clarifiers. One of the methods of water purification from coarse and colloidal contaminants is the method of contact coagulation using aluminum sulfate coagulant. It is advisable to use contact clarifiers in single-stage treatment schemes for low-turbid colored and cloudy-colored waters, when the total content of suspended solids in the water entering the contact clarifiers, including the suspension formed as a result of introducing reagents into the water, does not exceed 150 mg/l. With a higher content of suspended matter in water, the water consumption for washing contact clarifiers increases sharply. To intensify the preparation of drinking water on contact clarifiers, a resource-saving technology is proposed using contact clarifiers using a modified aluminum sulfate coagulant solution, which makes it possible to: reduce the consumption of coagulants used in water purification, improve the quality of water clarification by weighing substances, and reduce the cost of water treatment. Theoretical prerequisites for improving the operation of contact clarifiers with a modified coagulant solution are considered. The use of a modified coagulant solution allows, without deteriorating the quality of water clarification, to reduce the calculated doses of the coagulant by an average of 25-30%, which confirms the feasibility of using a modified aluminum sulfate coagulant solution when clarifying water on contact lights. It has been established that the treatment of clarified water with a modified aluminum sulfate coagulant solution during contact coagulation makes it possible to reduce the residual aluminum content in clarified water by an average of 50-60%, the quality of water purification in terms of bacteriological and hydrobiological indicators is much higher than when treating water with a conventional coagulant solution.
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15

Ben Aim, R., M. G. Liu, and S. Vigneswaran. "Recent Development of Membrane Processes for Water and Waste Water Treatment." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 10 (May 1, 1993): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0221.

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Membranes are presently used at industrial scale for water and waste water treatment, but still for limited production. More knowledge of hydrodynamic phenomena has recently resulted in significant technical improvements (backflush, unsteady flow). However an experimental study performed at lab scale in a rotating membrane device has shown the complexity of the relationship between operating conditions, rejection and filtrate flux. The need for bettering the quality of the water (low turbidity) and waster water (disinfection) may be in favour of the development of membrane processes if efficient models allowing simultaneous optimization of quality and productivity are made available (as was done years ago for deep bed filtration).
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16

Shtepa, V. M. "Electrical energy capacity of water treatment processes." Energy and automation, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/energiya2019.03.014.

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17

Soboleva, N. M., A. A. Nosovich, and V. V. Goncharuk. "The heterogenic photocatalysis in water treatment processes." Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology 29, no. 2 (April 2007): 72–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1063455x07020038.

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18

Kawakatsu, Takahiro. "Water Treatment Processes with Reverse Osmosis Membrane." MEMBRANE 35, no. 4 (2010): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.35.182.

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19

Frontistis, Z., M. Papadaki, and D. Mantzavinos. "Modelling of sonochemical processes in water treatment." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 12 (June 1, 2007): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.376.

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The mechanisms and kinetics of the sonochemical degradation of organic molecules in water are relatively complex since several parameters such as physicochemical properties, substrate concentration, water matrix, reactor geometry, ultrasound properties (frequency, power, emission system) all typically affect the process. In this work, simple kinetic models were used to predict the degradation of 2-chlorophenol and sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate in aqueous solutions and verified against experimental data taken from previous studies. A pseudo-first order kinetic expression can adequately describe the degradation of the phenolic substrate, while a heterogeneous model based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation is suitable for the surfactant degradation.
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20

Payment, Pierre, Robert Armon, and Charles P. Gerba. "Virus removal by drinking water treatment processes." Critical Reviews in Environmental Control 19, no. 1 (January 1989): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643388909388357.

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21

Jiménez, Silvia, Mario Andreozzi, María M. Micó, Mayra G. Álvarez, and Sandra Contreras. "Produced water treatment by advanced oxidation processes." Science of The Total Environment 666 (May 2019): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.128.

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22

Ives, Kenneth J. "The Inside Story of Water-Treatment Processes." Journal of Environmental Engineering 121, no. 12 (December 1995): 846–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1995)121:12(846).

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23

Krýsa, Josef, Dionissios Mantzavinos, Pierre Pichat, and Ioannis Poulios. "Advanced oxidation processes for water/wastewater treatment." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 35 (October 12, 2018): 34799–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3411-2.

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24

LEGRINI, O., E. OLIVEROS, and A. M. BRAUN. "ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Processes for Water Treatment." ChemInform 24, no. 28 (August 20, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199328333.

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25

Vovk, Lesiia, Oksana Matsiyevska, and Oleh Zhdanov. "Chlorella vulgaris in wastewater treatment processes – practical experience." Theory and Building Practice 2020, no. 2 (November 20, 2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.02.021.

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Wastewater from human settlements contains a significant amount of organic and biogenic substances. Insufficiently treated wastewater enters surface water and leads to their eutrophication. The usage of microalgae in wastewater treatment has significant advantages in comparison with other methods of removing biogenic substances. Namely: effective and simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus without reagents management facilities, oxygen formation. Using microalgae in wastewater treatment is a new environmentally friendly biotechnological method. Microalgae grow well in wastewater, from which they absorb pollutants. The purpose of the study is to analyze the work and determine the possibility of intensification of sewage treatment plants in the western region of Ukraine with a population of about 18,900 inhabitants. Productivity of treatment plant is 3400 m3/day. Experimental investigation consisted in adding a concentrate of a living microalgae strain of the species Chlorella vulgaris to the wastewater that was entered to the treatment plant during May-September 2019. During the research, the results of wastewater analyzes conducted by the chemical laboratory of the municipal water supply and sewerage company were used. The results of the survey and analysis of the city's treatment plant indicate an insufficient degree of wastewater treatment. The effectiveness of Chlorella vulgaris at the treatment plant has been experimentally proven. Mathematical dependences of the effect of wastewater treatment (using Chlorella vulgaris) on their temperature according to the indicators: BOD5, COD, concentration of ammonium nitrogen, phosphates and suspended solids were obtained. Dependencies are described by a linear function that characterizes the general behavior of the obtained data. The obtained results made it possible to significantly reduce the negative impact of treatment plants on the environment.
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26

Clifford, Dennis, Suresh Subramonian, and Thomas J. Sorg. "Water treatment processes. III. Removing dissolved inorganic contaminants from water." Environmental Science & Technology 20, no. 11 (November 1986): 1072–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00153a001.

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27

Sanginova, Olga, Nataliia Tolstopalova, Sergii Bondarenko, and Valentyna Yankauskaite. "Secondary wastewater treatment processes optimization." Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.1.2021.228092.

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Introduction. The level of water pollution in Ukraine continues to grow, despite the strengthening of requirements for the treated water, so the existing approaches to the water treatment processes control need to be revised and improved. Materials and methods. Mathematical Programming methods for formalization and solving the optimization problem are used. Computer simulation research using the program developed by the authors are applied to verify the compliance of the obtained results with the normative values and data of normal operation. Results and discussion. The optimization of processes control was performed on the example of a typical process of secondary wastewater treatment, which is used for wastewater treatment in Kyiv and nearby settlements. The secondary treatment unit consists of an aeration tank, into which air is forcibly supplied and evenly distributed, and a secondary settling tank with recycling. The problem of optimization of biological wastewater treatment control process is formalized: minimization of pollutant concentration in treated water is chosen as the main aim of optimization, air flow to aeration tank is chosen as control parameter, quadratic deviation of current concentration values from normative ones is chosen for target function. To solve the optimization task, a software module in JavaScript was developed using a client-server architecture that works in real time and allows to obtain such values of oxygen consumption in the aeration tank, which provide a minimum deviation of the concentration of pollutants from the normative values. The simulations showed that the calculated control values provide a reduction in the concentration of pollutants to the normative values within 6-10 hours, which corresponds to the data of normal operation, and the difference between the calculated and actual data does not exceed 5%. Conclusions. The obtained results allow to find a set of technological influences to ensure optimal control according to the selected criterion, and are also the basis for calculating the control system. The results of calculations can be used for short-term - up to 8 hours - forecasting of water quality indicators.
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28

Kyzas, George Z., and Kostas A. Matis. "Wastewater Treatment Processes: Part I." Processes 8, no. 3 (March 12, 2020): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8030334.

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29

STRUTYNSKA, Lesya. "EVALUATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF INNOVATIVE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES OF SWIMMING POOLS AND WATER PARKS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 308, no. 4 (July 28, 2022): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-308-4-32.

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Typical processes of water purification and water treatment of water park pools are considered. The method of economic estimation of efficiency of their application is offered. The methodology is based on the introduction of a number of indicators of the quality of the water treatment process of calculating the coefficient of “efficiency criterion” of water treatment of swimming pools. The purpose of this study was to develop an innovative technology of electrolytic-cavitation water treatment for swimming pools and water parks and to create a method of comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of modern water treatment technologies. A new technological scheme of electrolytic-cavitation water purification of public water bodies is proposed. A mathematical dependence has been created, which allows to objectively assess the effectiveness of various methods of water treatment and purification using the proposed indicator called “efficiency criterion” It is established that the proposed method of electrolytic-cavitation water purification has the highest values of efficiency from the considered water purification processes. This method is based on an organic combination of the advantages of such physical methods as electrolytic and cavitation disinfection of organic and biological water pollutants. The degree of purification and disinfection provided by him reaches 97-98%.
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30

Määttä, R. K. "Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Processes." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0004.

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31

Volf, Goran, Ivana Sušanj Čule, Elvis Žic, and Sonja Zorko. "Water Quality Index Prediction for Improvement of Treatment Processes on Drinking Water Treatment Plant." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 11481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811481.

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In order to improve the treatment processes of the drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) located near the Butoniga reservoir in Istria (Croatia), a prediction of the water quality index (WQI) was done. Based on parameters such as temperature, pH, turbidity, KMnO4, NH4, Mn, Al and Fe, the calculation of WQI was conducted, while for the WQI prediction models, along with the mentioned parameters, O2, TOC and UV254 were additionally used. Four models were built to predict WQI with a time step of one, five, ten, and fifteen days in advance, in order to improve treatment processes of the DWTP regarding the changes in raw water quality in the Butoniga reservoir. Therefore, obtained models can help in the optimization of treatment processes, which depend on the quality of raw water, and overall, in the sustainability of the treatment plant. Results showed that the obtained correlation coefficients for all models are relatively high and, as expected, decrease as the number of prediction days increases; conversely, the number of rules, and related linear equations, depends on the parameters set in the WEKA modelling software, which are set to default settings which give the highest values of correlation coefficient (R) for each model and the optimal number of rules. In addition, all models have high accuracy compared to the measured data, with a good prediction of the peak values. Therefore, the obtained models, through the prediction of WQI, can help to manage the treatment processes of the DWTP, which depend on the quality of raw water in the Butoniga reservoir.
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32

Lucas, Marco S., José A. Peres, and Gianluca Li Puma. "Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment." Water 13, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091309.

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33

Zhou, Hongde, and Daniel W. Smith. "Integrated modelling of ozonation processes in water treatment." Water Supply 1, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2001.0037.

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This paper presents the formulation of an integrated Back Flow Cell Model (IBFCM) for ozonation processes by incorporating together the contactor hydrodynamics, mass transfer, ozone decay in water, microbial inactivation, and disinfection by-products formation to describe the significance of their interrelated nature in determining the overall process performance. It also summarizes the experimental procedures that could be used to quantify the characteristic parameters for each process component. The model applicability was then illustrated by comparing the predictions with the experimentally observed dissolved ozone profiles. Further analysis was made to demonstrate the model application for predicting the disinfection efficiency and disinfection by-products formation simultaneously. From these analyses, it was also found that during the ozonation of natural waters, the ozone decay could not be described by the simple first order rate expression.
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34

Jefferson, Bruce, Emma L. Sharp, Emma Goslan, Rita Henderson, and Simon A. Parsons. "Application of charge measurement to water treatment processes." Water Supply 4, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2004): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0092.

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The measurement of surface charge has long been proposed a convenient way to optimise coagulant dosage in water treatment processes. In the UK there has been a renewed interest in the use of charge measurement in the form of both zeta potential and streaming current for controlling coagulation and filtration processes. This paper review current knowledge on the factors effecting charge measurement and using data collected from a sampling survey of 12 UK water treatment works identified windows of optimum charge for sedimentation, flotation and filtration processes.
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35

Kurbatov, A. Yu, E. N. Kuzin, Yu M. Averina, M. A. Vetrova, and A. V. Sitnikov. "Investigating the Processes of Hydrodynamic Artesian Water Treatment." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 2 (95) (April 2021): 118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2021-2-118-133.

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The paper aims to investigate hydrodynamic treatment processes of raw (artesian) groundwater to be used for household needs and drinking. The main advantage of hydrodynamic raw water treatment is that a single device, a so-called hydrodynamic vibration generator, is enough to perform the most important processing (deferrization, manganese removal, aeration) without any additional reactants. A hydrodynamic vibration generator contributes to accelerating mass exchange processes without using additional chemical reactants, solely by means of the kinetic energy inherent in the raw water flow undergoing treatment, which is generated when the hydrodynamic properties of the flow itself change dramatically. The generator by itself does not purify water; it processes raw water so as to derive insoluble products by recombining the forms in which the substances to be removed are found in the water, that is, by transforming dissolved manganese and iron compounds into insoluble compounds and decreasing carbon dioxide content in the water so as to precipitate insoluble calcium compounds. The resulting insoluble compounds are easy to remove via further processing in a ceramic membrane filtration system. Hydrodynamic vibration generator efficiency depends on many factors, which means that, when implementing hydrodynamic raw water treatment in real life, obtaining fundamental laws governing the treatment processes as functions of respective parametric characteristics is a necessary stage so as to ensure maximum efficiency. Our experiment confirmed that a phenomenon known as sonoluminescence occurs in raw water subjected to hydrodynamic treatment. We propose a monitoring technology indirectly confirming the efficiency of the hydrodynamic raw water treatment implemented, which is based on recording the sonoluminescence phenomenon via an acoustic technique
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36

Wang, G. S., S. P. Lai, and Y. T. Huang. "Biodegradation of haloacetic acids in water treatment processes." Water Supply 9, no. 5 (December 1, 2009): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2009.487.

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Formation and degradation of haloacetic acids (HAAs) in Tai Lake Water Treatment Plant (WTP) in Kin-Men County, Taiwan, were evaluated in this study. The results showed that formation of HAAs after chlorination is a fast process. Owing to the presence of fairly high organic precursors in the raw water, a large amount of HAAs (up to 80 μg/L in summer) was formed after addition of the pre-chlorine, and only a small portion of the HAAs was removed during the coagulation, flotation, and rapid filtration units. However, more than 80% of HAAs were removed in slow sand filtration (SSF) unit. Laboratory batch filtration tests showed that the HAAs can not be effectively removed by conventional coagulation and filtration treatments. However, the HAAs in water was effectively removed by biodegradation in batch biodegradation tests using filter sands taken from the top of the SSF unit in Tai Lake WTP. For comparison with the results obtained in batch experiments, simulated SSF systems were also installed in laboratory to evaluate the effects of biodegradation for HAAs removal in filter columns. Results of parallel laboratory SSF column tests showed that HAAs was quickly degraded when the simulated SSFs have been operated for a suitable time to allow the microbial growth on the sand surface. In both batch and simulated SSF biodegradation treatments, the biodegradation rates for HAAs decreased as the number of halogen atoms increased. The results in this study demonstrated that biological degradation is the major mechanism responsible for HAAs removal in the SSF units.
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37

van Schagen, Kim, Luuk Rietveld, Alex Veersma, and Robert Babuška. "Control-design methodology for drinking-water treatment processes." Water Supply 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.657.

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The performance of a drinking-water treatment plant is determined by the control of the plant. To design the appropriate control system, a control-design methodology of five design steps is proposed, which takes the treatment process characteristics into account. For each design step, the necessary actions are defined. Using the methodology for the pellet-softening treatment step, a new control scheme for the pellet-softening treatment step has been designed and implemented in the full-scale plant. The implementation resulted in a chemical usage reduction of 15% and reduction in the maintenance effort for this treatment step. Corrective actions of operators are no longer necessary.
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38

Parsons, S. "Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment." Water Intelligence Online 4 (December 30, 2015): 9781780403076. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781780403076.

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39

Guimarães, José R., Mirthys C. Gasparini, Milena G. Maniero, and Carlos G. N. Mendes. "Stripped sour water treatment by advanced oxidation processes." Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 23, no. 9 (September 2012): 1680–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-50532012005000031.

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40

Zhao, Yunmeng, Chaojie Zhang, Liquan Chu, Qi Zhou, Baorong Huang, Ruixin Ji, Xuefei Zhou, and Yalei Zhang. "Hydrated electron based photochemical processes for water treatment." Water Research 225 (October 2022): 119212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.119212.

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41

Ivanenko, Olena, Tetyana Shabliy, and Yuliia Nosachova. "Application of Potassium Ferrate in Water Treatment Processes." Journal of Ecological Engineering 21, no. 7 (October 1, 2020): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12911/22998993/125438.

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42

Tai, Shingo, and Takeshi Goda. "Entropy analysis of water and wastewater treatment processes." International Journal of Environmental Studies 25, no. 1-2 (June 1985): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207238508710208.

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43

Keegan, Alexandra, David Daminato, Christopher P. Saint, and Paul T. Monis. "Effect of water treatment processes on Cryptosporidium infectivity." Water Research 42, no. 6-7 (March 2008): 1805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.11.008.

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44

Bottino, A., G. Capannelli, G. Tocchi, M. Marcucci, and G. Ciardelli. "Membrane separation processes tackle textile waste-water treatment." Membrane Technology 2001, no. 130 (February 2001): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0958-2118(01)80128-2.

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45

LIN, S., and W. LAN. "Waste oil/water emulsion treatment by membrane processes." Journal of Hazardous Materials 59, no. 2-3 (April 1998): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(97)00146-5.

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46

Liao, X., C. Chen, Z. Wang, C. H. Chang, X. Zhang, and S. Xie. "Bacterial community change through drinking water treatment processes." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2014): 1867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-014-0540-0.

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47

Sadykov, R. A., A. K. Mukhamtezianova, L. R. Junussova, and A. A. Elemanova. "Simulation of water desalination processes in a combined water treatment plant." Известия Казанского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета, no. 1 (2022): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52409/20731523_2022_1_80.

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48

Gora, Stephanie Leah, and Margaret Evelyn Walsh. "Recycle of waste backwash water in ultrafiltration drinking water treatment processes." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 60, no. 4 (June 2011): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2011.050.

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Owen, G., M. Bandi, J. A. Howell, and S. J. Churchouse. "Economic assessment of membrane processes for water and waste water treatment." Journal of Membrane Science 102 (June 1995): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(94)00261-v.

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Wang, Chang-Keun, and Sang-Eun Oh. "Operation of Advanced Water Treatment Processes for Downstream River Source Water." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 34, no. 1 (January 31, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2012.34.1.001.

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