Academic literature on the topic 'Water Users Association'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Water Users Association.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Water Users Association"
1
Mwakalila, Esau S., and Prospery M. Mwila. "Role of Water Users Association in Water Resources Management: A Case Study of Sanya-Kware Sub-Catchment, Tanzania." Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 21, no. 4 (2023): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i4501.
Full textAbstract:
Many African governments have adopted decentralization policy by establishing water management structures to assist in the water resources management. Formation of new water user associations were considered to work on behalf of Basin Water Boards; To collect water user fees,to manage, distribute and conserve water from a source used jointly by the members of the association, to resolve conflicts between members of the association related to the joint use of a water resource through established laws, to protect and conserve water sources and environments. However, it is not clear how the new water user associations functions to realize the goals of integrated water resources management. This study assessed the role of a newly created water user association in Sanya-Kware sub-catchment . The paper is based on three months of research in Sanya-Kware sub-catchment, Tanzania. The method used included semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and participant observations in the sub-catchment. Interviews and discussions were held with the leaders of Sanya-Kware sub-catchment water user association, estates farm managers,Water Supply Trustees Managers,farmers and the Pangani Basin Water Office staff. Field observations at the Sub-Catchment were carried to enhance quality of data. The results shows that the newly created Sanya-Kware sub-catchment water user association has not united all water users, reduced conflicts, nor promoted education to farmers on proper management of water resources. Farmers interviewed in the highland state that Sanya-Kware water users association is an association of few people and therefore has no legitimacy. This is mainly because in the highland,farmers have sufficient water and also they were not properly involved in the formation of the association. However, the water user association legitimacy and hence its functioning improves as one moves from highland to lowland areas where water is scarce. Although some of the water users from the village are cooperating others are reluctant to accept the newly created Water Users Association in management of water resources.The complexity of the interaction between the state-led water user association and existing water users appear to highlight the challenges of implementing integrated water resources management in Sanya-Kware sub-catchment. In order for the water user association to be effective, Pangani Basin Water Board need to put more emphasis on water users' education and awareness training at the sub-catchment level.
2
Lyuba, Matimbila P., Devotha G. Nyambo, Anael Sam, and Seifu Tilahun. "Characterizing Water Users through Frequent Patterns and Association Rules by Using Apriori Algorithm: A Case of Pangani Basin Tanzania." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 17, no. 45 (2024): 4694–703. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i45.3526.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: To identify the hidden patterns in the K-means clustered dataset for the Pangani Basin using the Apriori algorithm through frequent patterns and association rules to enrich cluster characteristics. Methods: Frequent patterns and association rule mining were used to discover the hidden attributes in the K-means clustered dataset. Measures of minimum support ranging from 0.5% to 5% and minimum confidence ranging from 50% to 100% were used to generate a manageable number of rules which were then filtered for redundancy. Lift value >1.0 was used to determine the rule's interestingness while Arules and ArulesViz in R were used to visualize generated rules. Findings: Clusters one to four generated 25, 31, 47, and 49 rules respectively at a minimum confidence of 50% and minimum support of 2% in the first two clusters and 1% in other clusters. Furthermore, water users in cluster one were observed to abstract more water than the three clusters, while their water use fee also reflected on the amount they abstracted. In clusters two and three, water users identified the same amount of water source capacity but differed in the amount requested and water use fee. Water users in cluster four were identified with less water source capacity and fewer amounts abstracted than other clusters. However, their water use fee identified was higher than those in cluster three, with high water source capacity and high amount requested. Such a difference is attributed to the type of water use for cluster three users being domestically supplied through community water supply entities to help villagers access water. In contrast, the water use for users in cluster four is domestic and commercial. Novelty: When aggregated with the clustering observations, the identified association rules mining results provide a broad understanding of water users' characteristics for better water allocation and rationing. Keywords: Association rule, Frequent Patterns, Apriori, Characterization, Pangani Basin
3
Batykova, A. J., V. V. Denisov, A. K. Zhusupova, A. T. Rasheva, and I. D. Bazarbaev I. D. "Using of land and water resources in the system of water users association." Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), no. 2 (January 30, 2023): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-04-2302-04.
Full text
4
Matimbila, P. Lyuba, G. Nyambo Devotha, Sam Anael, and Tilahun Seifu. "Characterizing Water Users through Frequent Patterns and Association Rules by Using Apriori Algorithm: A Case of Pangani Basin Tanzania." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 17, no. 45 (2024): 4694–703. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v17i45.3526.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> To identify the hidden patterns in the K-means clustered dataset for the Pangani Basin using the Apriori algorithm through frequent patterns and association rules to enrich cluster characteristics. <strong>Methods:</strong> Frequent patterns and association rule mining were used to discover the hidden attributes in the K-means clustered dataset. Measures of minimum support ranging from 0.5% to 5% and minimum confidence ranging from 50% to 100% were used to generate a manageable number of rules which were then filtered for redundancy. Lift value >1.0 was used to determine the rule's interestingness while Arules and ArulesViz in R were used to visualize generated rules. <strong>Findings:</strong> Clusters one to four generated 25, 31, 47, and 49 rules respectively at a minimum confidence of 50% and minimum support of 2% in the first two clusters and 1% in other clusters. Furthermore, water users in cluster one were observed to abstract more water than the three clusters, while their water use fee also reflected on the amount they abstracted. In clusters two and three, water users identified the same amount of water source capacity but differed in the amount requested and water use fee. Water users in cluster four were identified with less water source capacity and fewer amounts abstracted than other clusters. However, their water use fee identified was higher than those in cluster three, with high water source capacity and high amount requested. Such a difference is attributed to the type of water use for cluster three users being domestically supplied through community water supply entities to help villagers access water. In contrast, the water use for users in cluster four is domestic and commercial. <strong>Novelty:</strong> When aggregated with the clustering observations, the identified association rules mining results provide a broad understanding of water users' characteristics for better water allocation and rationing. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Association rule, Frequent Patterns, Apriori, Characterization, Pangani Basin
5
Effendy, Rochmad, Bambang Satriya, and Kridawati Sadhana. "Water Ethics for sustainable Rural Community-Based Water Service Systemin Malang Regency, Indonesia." International Journal of Research in Social Science and Humanities 06, no. 01 (2025): 137–46. https://doi.org/10.47505/ijrss.2025.1.10.
Full textAbstract:
The sustainability of rural-based water services for villagers is typically determined by technical operational factors of the service. These factors encompass the production and distribution of water to end users, themanagement of financial records, and the availability of managerial competence, environmental awareness, and social community support. The objective of this qualitative study is to elucidate the factors that contribute to the sustainability of the villagewater service system administered by the water users association. The data presented herein was collected through a combination of in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation with informants from the management of the association and the head of the Association of Water Users in Malang City. The findings revealed that the management of water users associations prioritizes the utilization of water for the social welfare of residents, particularly the economically disadvantaged, over the pursuit of financial gain for the institution. This approach is exemplified by the exemption from water pipe installation and monthly subscription fees for houses of worship, along with the provision of discounts ranging from 25 to 50 percent for economically disadvantaged households seeking to install water pipes. Moreover, the management establishes a more inexpensive subscription rate in comparison to that of the local government-managed drinking water company. Moreover, a portion of the profits from water management are allocated to enhance the social welfare of residents. The ethical norm of water for the common good is a determining factor in the sustainability of water services. This commitment is further reinforced by the values of sincerity, volunteerism, and a genuine concern for enhancing the well-being of residents.
6
Fauzi, Meftahol, Pitojo Tri Juwono, M. Bisri, and Ery Suhartanto. "Performance Assessment of Existing Farmers’ Association for Water Users." Journal of Ecohumanism 4, no. 3 (2025): 59–69. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v4i3.6256.
Full textAbstract:
This research intends to assess the existing performance of farmers’ association for water users (P3A). Commonly, the activity of irrigation management is started from the stages of design, construction until operation and maintenance, it is needed the collaboration and participation of P3A that is spreading in the Malang Regency. The methodology consists of literature collecting and data analysis. Data that are used in this research is secondary data that influence the performance of farmers institution performance (P3A) in Malang Regency. The assessment of performance uses the questionaries form that is answered based on the response from farmers group which are as the respondents for every question that will be given the scores regarding to the question. The result shows that 30% of P3A institutions is developing category, however, 70% is developed category.
7
Singh, Achyut Man. "Irrigation Management Transfer: A New Methodology to Improve thePerformance of Agency Managed Irrigation Systems (AMISs)." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 3 (May 26, 2009): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v3i0.1916.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a new concept on the management of Agency Managed Irrigation Systems with the joint participation of the agency and the users, with their defined roles and responsibilities. The message of the system governance and operation methodology are disseminated to the grass root level of the users. Resource management and water charge collection are anticipated to be firmly applied in the system. The users and Water User's Association and also Department of Irrigation field staff will be well trained in the Irrigation Management Transfer process with capacity building. For sustainability, monitoring and evaluation with independent auditing are part of the process. The general Irrigation Management Transfer procedures adopted by Department of Irrigation are redefined to this new concept in the World Bank assisted Irrigation and Water Resources Management Project. Key words: Irrigation management transfer, water users, AMIS, World Bank, Nepal doi: 10.3126/hn.v3i0.1916 Hydro Nepal Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 3, July 2008. Page: 29-34
8
Timilsena, Narayan. "Association Between Demographic Characteristics of Users’ and Overall Satisfaction with Water Supply Service." International Journal of Science, Technology and Society 12, no. 3 (2024): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20241203.11.
Full textAbstract:
Water constitutes an indispensable resource for various aspects of daily life, encompassing essential needs such as drinking, cooking, sanitation, and irrigation. Beyond household applications, diverse livelihood activities, including livestock management, gardening, crop cultivation, food processing, aquaculture, and fisheries, also rely on water. The assessment of customer satisfaction holds paramount significance in driving performance enhancements for service providers, even within government-owned entities offering critical services like water supply. This research aims to scrutinize the interplay between overall satisfaction with water services and its determinants, including satisfaction with water quality, and various parameters such as water supply hours, tap pressure, supplied water quantity, management responsiveness and communication, and water tariff. Anticipatedly, water supply hours, quantity, and quality are expected to exert a crucial influence on user satisfaction. Although users express a satisfaction level above neutral, it falls short of reaching a fully satisfactory level. Key contributors to user satisfaction involve aspects such as water supply hours, pressure, quantity, and quality, while complaints about water supply yield slightly lower satisfaction. Satisfaction with water service hours, quantity, and quality emerges as a driving force for overall satisfaction. The analysis reveals no significant association between overall satisfaction and demographic variables such as occupation, gender, age, education, and the main income source. However, a noteworthy association exists between satisfaction with water pressure and the water collection method, and a robust link is observed between satisfaction with water quality and respondents&apos; water treatment practices. The provision for complaints is significantly associated with satisfaction regarding management responsiveness and communication. Multiple regression analysis underscores a positive relationship between overall satisfaction with water services and satisfaction with water quality and supply hours, indicating that higher satisfaction with these factors enhances overall satisfaction with water services.
9
SAHABI, HAROU Ali, and FOUGOU Hadiza KIARI. "N OVERVIEW OF FARMER'S WATER USERS ASSOCIATION INVOLVEMENT AND EFFICIENCY IN DJIRATAWA HYDRO- AGRICULTURAL PLANNING, NIGER." Journal de Géographie Rurale Appliquée et Développement (J_GRAD) SPE, no. 1 (2025): 95–104. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14718721.
Full textAbstract:
Sub-Saharan irrigation systems were so far under-performed due to the lack of a good management. However, this paperseeks to analyse the efficiency and involvement of water users association in Djiratawa irrigation scheme. A participatoryirrigation management model was used to obtain theses study results. Then, through this study, a mixed method was adoptedby using two sources of data (primaries and secondaries). In fact, informants were purposely interviewed until getting thesaturation in their response. Quantitative data were transformed and analysed by using sphinx software to describe theinvolvement and efficiency rate between water user’s associations where QGis 10.3 software was also used to establish themap of the study area. Finally, study has also shown that farmers get access through water distribution calendar andnegotiation.
10
Dr Daniel Muasya Nzengya, Paul Mutinda Kituku; Dr David Gichuhi;. "Examining the Benefits of Lake Kenyatta Water Users Association (LAKWA) Water Kiosks Project to Women." Editon Consortium Journal of Economics and Development Studies 2, no. 1 (2020): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjeds.v2i1.136.
Full textAbstract:
This research focused on examining examine the benefits that women's have realised from the implementation of Lake Kenyatta Water Users Association (LAKWA) water kiosks for supplying water to households in Mpeketoni Lamu County, Kenya. The research used mixed-method design in which quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect and analyse data. Data was collected using open and closed-ended questionnaires. They were administered using questionnaires. The research had 200 respondents comprising of 100 women from the rural settlements and 100 women in Mpeketoni division of Lamu County in Kenya. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics were used to summarise data and compare the results between rural versus urban women and large families versus small families in the research area. According to this research, it's evident that the majority of respondents have a positive perception with large families seeing more benefits of LAKWA kiosks than small families, especially for domestic uses. These are common expectation since the quantity of water raised by large families is higher than the small families. It's in their perception that the situation remains the same in the next 10 to 20 years. It was evident from this research that, women are satisfied with the design aspects of the LAKWA water kiosks. I suggest further research on the ways of including women perceptions in water management planning to improve the water intake and efficiency of LAKWA water system and indeed other water stakeholders in ensuring that it meets the objectives of sustainable development goals and vision 2030 on water and sanitation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water Users Association"
1
Enarth, Shashidharan. "Decentralization and democratization of natural resources management programs in India : a study of self-governing resource user-groups." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2841.
Full textAbstract:
For many decades in India, natural resource management (NRM) programs were implemented
by government bureaucracies in a centralized, top-down manner. The programs were
unsustainable and suffered from resource use inefficiency and inequity. In the 1990s, under
pressure from civil society organizations and multilateral agencies, the Government of India
and many State Governments introduced policies that decentralized NRM programs and
mandated active participation of users in the management of resources. When implementation
responsibilities were transferred to resource user-groups many of the problems associated with
centralization could be reduced significantly. However, despite their proven capacity of being
better resource managers than government agencies, the user-groups encountered difficulties
as self-governed people's organizations. Participation of users declined and problems of
equity resurfaced in many user-groups.
This dissertation describes the research that examines the causes of problems in the
governance of user-groups in villages of Mehsana District in Gujarat. Using an eight-fold
criteria of good governance, the study looks at eight Water Users Associations (WUAs) that
took over irrigation management responsibilities from the Irrigation Department. This
program of decentralization of irrigation is called Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM).
The assessment of each WUA on each of the eight criteria reveals a close link between
characteristics of good governance and the process of democratization. It can be seen that the
WUAs that performed well on participation, equity, transparency, accountability, rule of law
and consensus-orientation were less likely to face situations of dysfunction than the WUAs
that performed poorly on these criteria. These criteria for good governance are also the core elements of democratic governance. At the same time, the case-studies reveal the tension
between the democratization process that is attempted within the WUAs and the historical and
cultural legacy of the feudal, autocratic and patriarchal society that rural India has been for
many centuries.
The thesis supports the argument, with empirical evidence, that the decentralization process
can be sustainable only when user-groups institutionalize democratic processes and the early
leaders behave in a democratic manner. It also suggests that the transition from an
undemocratic institution to a democratic one can be enabled when external support agencies
play an important catalytic role.
2
Jansen, van Vuuren Arno. "The implementation of the water release module of the WAS program at the Vaalharts Water Users' Association." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/112.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Tech) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008<br>Food and water are two basic human needs. International projections indicate that water shortages will be prevalent among poorer countries where resources are limited and population growth is rapid, such as the Middle East, parts of Asia and Africa. Provisional estimates are that South Africa will run out of surplus usable water by 2025, or soon thereafter. Urban and peri-urban areas will therefore require new infrastructure and inter-basin transfers to provide safe water and adequate sanitation. Due to the high cost of these developments, such water is seen as being used for industrial and public needs only and not for irrigation. Currently, the agricultural water users consume the majority of the water used by humans. Taking cognisance of the before mentioned it is a reality that in the future the irrigation sector will have to sacrifice some of its water for public and industrial usage. This suggests growing conflict between the different water users and the agricultural water users. An attempt by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) to address this conflict has been the implementation of pilot studies to determine the steps
Water User Associations (WUAs) could take to ensure more effective water use in the future by the agricultural sector. These steps include an increase in irrigation efficiency according to the benchmarks of crop irrigation requirements and more efficient dam and canal management. The Water Administration System (WAS) has been developed to fulfill this exact requirement as it ensures optimal delivery of irrigation water on demand. The program is designed as a management tool for irrigation schemes, WUAs and water management offices to manage their accounts, and also to manage water supply to clients more efficiently through canal networks, pipelines and rivers. The WAS program consists of four modules that are integrated into a single program. Three modules of the WAS program have already been implemented at the Vaalharts irrigation scheme. This scheme has been transformed from a government controlled scheme to a privately owned scheme, and is now known as the Vaalharts Water User’s Association (VHWUA). The main purpose of this study was to implement the fourth module of the WAS program at the VHWUA as only full functionality of the complete program will ensure effective water use at the scheme.
The fourth module calculates the volume of water to be released for all the canals (main canal and all its branches), allowing for lag times, water losses and accruals in order to minimise waste and thus save water. The methodology followed in this study was to first of all develop an understanding of the distribution cycle and the current calculation procedure of the VHWUA. The fourth module was then applied on a typical feeder canal and used to calculate the release volumes in order to compare these results with the current values. The next step was then to verify all data abstracted from the database used by the WAS program to calculate the release volumes. The database consists of information like cross-sectional properties, positioning of the sluices, canal slope, as well as canal capacities. The verification of data was done by field work, by studying existing engineering design drawings, through meetings and consultations with all parties involved in the VHWUA as well as by mathematical calculations. Cross-checking and verification, if necessary, of all above mentioned data were done. After the verification process, the database was updated and another cycle of calculations were run to do the final calibrations. Accurate calibrations were done to the seepage and the lag time coefficient. Some final adjustments were also made to the canal geometry in the database. This was an important part of the study as only a trusted and verified database will deliver correct results, irrespective of the software program used.
After calibration of the database, the fourth module was again applied, but this time water losses were included in the calculations and the results revealed trustworthy and accurate real-time release volumes. The study therefore succeeded in the implementation of the fourth module on a typical feeder canal at the VHWUA. The study was concluded by the compilation of a checklist, which the VHWUA can use to implement the module on the whole scheme. This would enable the VHWUA to implement and apply the complete WAS program, which offers all the benefits and answers in every need of any water management office. Sustainable water resource utilisation can only be achieved through proper management. Applying this most effective management program will ensure a cost effective and optimised process at the VHWUA.
3
Glaas, Erik. "Decentralised Management and Community Participation : A Minor Field Study about Irrigation and Communication in Central India." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9059.
Full textAbstract:
<p>India and many other developing countries confront serious problems of declining water tables. In India there is no real water shortage, but ineffective use of surface water leads to freshwater run-off. By building dams and irrigation water systems the Indian government has been trying to find a more effective use of surface water and thereby increase the agricultural productivity. But mismanagement of irrigation systems by local governments called for alternative management techniques, and during the last decades the central Indian government has been trying to decentralise management and governance of irrigation water to local water users. This Minor Field Study (MFS) focuses on a local implementation of Participatory Irrigation Management in the Indian state Madhya Pradesh. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the way the local government handles the decentralisation of irrigation water management, by identify and illuminate communication channels. The thesis is built on the basic idea that functioning environmental communication is the key to reach a functioning decentralised and sustainable water management. Interviews with local government officials, citizens of a local village, and staff from a locally involved NGO within a case study constitute most of the empirical data. Theories of decentralisation of natural resource management, community participation, communication, and NGO cooperation are presented. With starting point in the empirical material and the presented theories has way the local government handles the decentralisation process, and the role of the locally involved NGO, been analysed. The study shows shortcomings in: education of stakeholders, communication training among government officials, trust in the capability of local water users, and communication between stakeholders. The study also enlighten the government officials fear of losing political power, the NGOs role as communication channel, and the formation of locally rooted organisations.</p>
4
Jamil, Fathi El Sadig. "Irrigation management transfer in a hostile context : a case study of the implementation of a transferred policy in the Kano River irrigation project - Northern Nigeria." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289387.
Full text
5
PUSTINA, GERT. "Stakeholder management in the water sector: the cases of water user association." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/202972.
Full textAbstract:
Water management in irrigation and in water supply and sewage sector is an essential factor for the sustainable development of the water management sector. The main purpose of this research is to create an innovative methodological framework for stakeholder identification and classification in water management sector. The stated purpose will contribute to theory by enriching the knowledge of stakeholder analysis towards water resources management fulfilling also the gap of implementation for this type of analysis in the literature specifically for WUA and WSSA entities. Beside scientific theoretical perspectives the research offers also a contribution to practice by facilitating decision makers and managers in the water sector by using a standardized methodological framework for stakeholder identification and classification of WUA and WSSA. For organizations in general stakeholder analysis is a hypothetic rule for leading them in the success of the firm. Literature review has included a wide range of research articles in stakeholder management in the context of stakeholder analysis by explaining different methods and techniques of different authors; on the other hand there is a limited number of papers in stakeholder analysis of water resources management or either natural resources and even less specifically for WUA and WSSA. The study was developed through case study method in the Lushnja WUA and Tirana WSSA consisting of qualitative data. These data consist of real evidences assembled mainly by water managers deriving an original contribution to the research knowledge. Basing on the results of research was identified and classified the definitive, expectant and latent stakeholders of WUA and WSSA. However the main finding of thesis was assessing the usability and relevance of a method and technique aimed at identifying and classifying relevant stakeholders in the WUA and WSSA, which can serve as directive framework for water managers in the sector. This method can be easily adapted and employed in other similar countries and regions
6
Saruchera, Davison. "Emerging farmers in water user associations cases from the Breede Water Management area." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2475.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Philosophiae (Integrated Water Resource Management) - MPhl(IWM)<br>The aim of the study is to understand the level of co-operation between emerging and commercial farmers in a Water User Associations. The effort is expected to inform policy and improve practice in the building of new water institutions as government strives to implement IWRM.<br>South Africa
7
Bhasme, Suhas R. "The politics of participation : a study of Water Users Associations in Western India." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61512/.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis investigates the processes of the formation and functioning of Water Users Associations (WUAs) which have been implemented under the policy of Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) in Maharashtra, Western India. The thesis explores (1) how social and economic hierarchies shape the process of participation in WUAs; (2) the roles played by the State and Non-Governmental Organisations in the process of participatory development; (3) the ways in which processes of neo-liberalisation have influenced water reforms in a developing country like India. The study draws on different critiques of neo-liberalism, and it explores theories of participation to provide a holistic understanding of PIM (Participatory Irrigation Management) reforms carried out in Maharashtra. The study uses a qualitative approach, based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out over twelve months at two Water Users Associations in a village in the Nashik district of Maharashtra. The study finds that processes of participation are complex, and characterized by the vested interests of the different actors involved in the process of the formation and functioning of WUAs in the village. The WUAs have been able to provide water to many farmers in the area. However, the policy has been unable to achieve much success in terms of resolving conflicts among farmers and enhancing the participation of small landholding and marginalized farmers in the WUAs. I found that the process of neo-liberalisation does not challenge or reform traditional institutions such as caste and gender, but rather that it uses them to entrench market reforms. The implementation of WUAs' policy in the wider neo-liberal context has increased the powers of the State and NGO intervention in the formulation and implementation of WUAs policy. Processes of WUAs' formation and functioning are significant examples of the ways in which neo-liberalisation is taking shape in India, including the commodification of water, and thereby, the reproduction of existing hierarchies and power imbalances. The study contributes towards developing an understanding of the wider processes of neo-liberal governance in the water sector.
8
Kadirbeyoglu, Zeynep. "Decentralization and democratization: the case of water user associations in Turkey." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32510.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines whether and under what conditions the recent decentralization of irrigation management in Turkey can deepen democracy through a comparative study of irrigation management decentralization in two provinces in Turkey: Urfa and Aydin. In Turkey, the state agency, which planned, built, and managed all major irrigation schemes, transferred the duty of water management, fee collection and maintenance to Water User Associations (WUAs) starting in 1993. The democratic processes established by WUAs in Urfa were plagued by allegations of bribery, corruption, embezzlement and service delivery failures; whereas Aydin WUAs have proven to be the very definition of successful decentralization in irrigation management. The hypothesis is that inequalities in access to resources, unequal power structures, low-levels of education and inexperience with civic activism lead to weaker links between decentralization and democratic deepening. Moreover, these same factors increase the likelihood that decentralized organizations will fail to satisfy their users in the provision of efficient and effective services. Hence, I hypothesize that the same factors are responsible for hampering the performance of decentralized institutions. I argue that divergent outcomes in decentralized irrigation management are a result of diverging social, economic and political contextual variables. The study shows that if there are significant inequalities in access to resources and power, decentralization does not promote democratic deepening and does not improve the performance of service delivery. This is especially true if the actors do not have a past of civic activism.<br>Cette thèse considère si la décentralisation récente de la gestion de l'irrigation en Turquie peut approfondir les processus démocratiques, et sous quelles conditions, au moyen d'une étude comparative sur la décentralisation de la gestion de l'irrigation dans deux provinces turques : Urfa et Aydin. En Turquie, dès 1993, l'organisme de l'État qui avait planifié, construit et géré l'ensemble des plans d'irrigations a transféré les tâches reliées à l'aménagement des ressources en eau, la collecte des frais et l'entretien aux associations des usagers de l'eau (AUE). Les processus démocratiques établis par les AUE se plaignaient d'allégations de trafic d'influence, de corruption, de détournement et de retards de livraison de service tandis que les AUE d'Aydin ne manifestaient que du succès en gestion d'irrigation décentralisée. L'hypothèse propose que l'accès inéquitable aux ressources, l'inégalité des dynamiques de pouvoir, les faibles taux de scolarité et le manque d'expérience en activisme communautaire contribuent à l'affaiblissement des liens entre la décentralisation et l'approfondissement des processus démocratiques. Or, ces mêmes facteurs réduisent les probabilités que les services de ces organismes décentralisés seront fournis aux utilisateurs de manière efficace. Ainsi, je propose que ces facteurs mêmes contribuent à la pauvre performance des organismes décentralisés. Mon argument démontre que les résultats divergents relatifs aux structures décentralisées de gestion d'irrigation sont liés aux variables sociales, économiques et politiques du contexte. L'étude démontre que les inéquations d'accès aux ressources
9
Kadiri, Zakaria. "L'action publique à l'épreuve de la participation : Généalogie du projet d'irrigation du Moyen Sebou au Maroc." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3051.
Full textAbstract:
La thèse porte sur l'analyse de l'action publique dans le domaine de l'eau d'irrigation au Maroc. Nous analysons la rencontre entre un projet étatique d'aménagement, et un territoire rural au Maroc, à travers les configurations des acteurs et les enjeux locaux de ses composantes sociales et politiques. Comment le projet d'irrigation a-t-il permis d'accélérer une reconfiguration des rapports de pouvoirs et du leadership local, que nous avons analysé à travers les logiques des différents acteurs. Nous avons adopté un cadre analytique emprunté à la sociologie politique et basé sur l'analyse de l'action publique dans le domaine de l'irrigation. Ce cadre analytique nous a permis de mobiliser en parallèle deux modèles d'analyse : 1) le modèle synoptique pour l'analyse d'une action publique monopolisée par les acteurs publics, 2) celui des ajustements mutuels pour l'analyse d'une multitude d'acteurs dans une situation où l'Etat n'a plus le monopole de l'action publique. Nous avons fais le choix méthodologique d'analyser les acteurs en action, en privilégiant un travail empirique basé sur l'analyse des pratiques, et en décryptant une généalogie fine du projet d'irrigation du Moyen Sebou au Maroc. C'est une zone aménagée par les pouvoirs publics dans une perspective de gestion centralisée par l'administration agricole. Les négociations avec le bailleur de fonds, surgies lors du débat international sur la Gestion Participative en Irrigation, ont amené l'administration à confier la gestion de l'irrigation après aménagement à des agriculteurs organisés en associations<br>The subject of this thesis is the analysis of public action in the field of irrigation water in Morocco. We analyze the confrontation of a state-led irrigation project, and a rural territory in the North of Morocco, by looking at the configuration and interaction of actors and local issues of its social and political components. How did the irrigation project contribute to the acceleration of a reconfiguration of power relations and local leadership in the area? Our analysis examined this question through the logic of the different actors. We worked within an analytical framework borrowed from political sociology and based on the analysis of state action in the field of irrigation. This analytical framework allowed us to identify two parallel models of analysis: 1) the synoptic model for the analysis of public action monopolized by public actors, 2) the mutual adjustments for the analysis of a multitude of actors in a situation where the state no longer has the monopoly of public action. We have made the methodological choice of analyzing the actors in action, focusing on empirical work based on the analysis of practices, and by decrypting a fine genealogy of the Moyen Sebou scheme in Morocco. The area is managed by public authorities in the context of a state-centralized management of the agricultural administration. Negotiations with the financial donors, that took place during the international debate on ‘Participative Irrigation Management', led the public administration to entrust the management of irrigation to farmers who are active in associations
10
Chaudhry, Waheed [Verfasser], Frithjof [Akademischer Betreuer] Kuhnen, and Winfried [Akademischer Betreuer] Manig. "Water users' associations in Pakistan : Institutional, organizational and participatory aspects / Waheed Chaudhry. Gutachter: Winfried Manig. Betreuer: Frithjof Kuhnen." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2002. http://d-nb.info/1043720839/34.
Full textBooks on the topic "Water Users Association"
1
Byrnes, Kerry J. Water users associations in World Bank-assisted irrigation projects in Pakistan. World Bank, 1992.
Find full text
2
Goldensohn, Max David. Participation and empowerement: An assessment of water user associations in Asia and Egypt. ISPAN, Irrigation Support Project for Asia and the Near East, 1994.
Find full text
3
Phadnis, Sanjay Sitaram. A benchmarking framework for evaluating efficiencies of major irrigation projects: Role of water users associations. India Core Publishing, 2012.
Find full text
4
Bahls, Loren L. Support of aquatic life uses in the Upper Boulder River (Yellowstone River drainage) based on Diatom species composition and Diatom association metrics. [Montana Dept. of Environmental Quality], 1999.
Find full text
5
Salman, Salman M. A. The legal framework for water users' associations. The World Bank, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-3908-7.
Full text
6
China : Water Pricing and Water User Associations Sustainability. Washington, DC, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1596/18374.
Full text
7
The legal framework for water users' associations: A comparative study. World Bank, 1997.
Find full text
8
The Legal Framework for Water Users' Associations: A Comparative Study. World Bank, 1997.
Find full text
9
Salman, Salman M. The Legal Framework for Water Users' Associations: A Comparative Study. World Bank Publications, 1998.
Find full text
10
Jairath, Jasveen. Water user associations in Andhra Pradesh: Initial feedback. Published for Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad by Concept Pub. Co, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Water Users Association"
1
Moss, Timothy, and Ahmad Hamidov. "Where Water Meets Agriculture: The Ambivalent Role of Water Users Associations." In Society - Water - Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18971-0_11.
Full text
2
Shen, Dajun, Xuedong Yu, and Ali Guna. "Information transfer and knowledge sharing by water user associations in China." In Handbook of Knowledge Management for Sustainable Water Systems. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119271659.ch2.
Full text
3
Umetsu, Chieko, Sevgi Donma, Takanori Nagano, and Ziya Coşkun. "The Role of Efficient Management of Water Users’ Associations for Adapting to Future Water Scarcity Under Climate Change." In Climate Change Impacts on Basin Agro-ecosystems. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01036-2_15.
Full text
4
Roy, Arnab, M. N. Venkataramana, and G. Sagar. "An Economic and Institutional Review of Water User Associations (WUAs) in Odisha." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6412-7_23.
Full text
5
"association [n] [US], water users." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_700.
Full text
6
Nojiyeza, Innocent Simphiwe. "Mending Malawi's Water Institutions and IWRM Solutions." In Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8809-3.ch003.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this chapter is to explain the challenges of decentralisation and management of water as economic good principles of integrated water resources management (IWRM) in Malawi in the rural areas of Ntcheu, Balaka, and Mangochi. Semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, community meetings, and observation of water points were conducted. It was established that households and other state institutions prefer to receive services from Mpira-Balaka Water Users Association, which subsidizes households, rather than Southern Regional Water Board, which operates along commercial lines. The chapter questions the focus in the implementation of IWRM, which remain the establishment and fixing of decentralised institutions whilst recognising water as an economic good.
7
Lutz, Amy S. F. "The Resurgence of Facilitated Communication." In Chasing the Intact Mind. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197683842.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Initially brought to the United States from Australia in 1989, by the mid-1990s controlled studies consistently proved that the messages produced by facilitated communication (FC) were directed by the facilitators, not the users, through the same kind of unconscious movements responsible for Ouija boards, water dowsing, table turning, and other ideomotor effects. Despite the fact that every relevant professional organization has rejected FC—including the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, and the American Psychological Association—new iterations, like the Rapid Prompting Method (RPM) and Spell to Communicate (S2C), are now surging in popularity, driven both by providers making big promises and by parents so desperate to access their children’s intact minds that they are willing to risk turning them into puppets.
8
Wang, Jinxia, Qiuqiong Huang, Jikun Huang, and Scott Rozelle. "Water User Associations and Contracts." In Managing Water on China's Farms. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-805164-1.00008-7.
Full text
9
Wang, Jinxia, Qiuqiong Huang, Jikun Huang, and Scott Rozelle. "Evaluation of Water User Associations." In Managing Water on China's Farms. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-805164-1.00011-7.
Full text
10
Hopkins, Nicholas S. "Water-User Associations in Rural Central Tunisia." In Anthropology and Development in North Africa and the Middle East. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429042737-5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Water Users Association"
1
Somani, Anis, and Dave Kurtz. "Detecting Pinhole Leaks Using Free Swimming In-Line Acoustic Leak Detection Tool." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05483.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Significant financial and environmental consequences often result from line leakage of oil product pipelines. Product can escape into the surrounding soil as even the smallest leak can lead to rupture of the pipeline. From a health perspective, water supplies may be tainted by oil migrating into aquifers. A joint academic-industry research initiative funded by (Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Association) PHMSA(1) has led to the development and refinement of a free-swimming tool which is capable of detecting leaks as small as 0.01 L/min (0.03 gallons) in oil product pipelines. The tool swims through the pipeline being assessed and produces results to the end user at a significantly reduced cost compared to current leak detection methods. Above Ground Markers (AGM’s) capture low frequency acoustic signatures and digitally log the passage of the tool through a pipeline. A tri-axial accelerometer system gives the odometric position of the ball, and has the accuracy of standard instrumented pigs. Several other types of sensors like temperature, and pressure, are also present in the ball and collect useful data.
2
Petrov, Andrei Yu, Abdolreza Zaltash, Solomon D. Labinov, D. Tom Rizy, Xiaohong Liao, and Reinhard Radermacher. "Evaluation of Different Efficiency Concepts of an Integrated Energy System (IES)." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60285.
Full textAbstract:
The Integrated Energy System (IES) market in the United States (US) and worldwide has been increasingly expanding over the last few years. But there is still a lot of disagreement in interpretation of one of the most important IES performance parameters — efficiency. Some organizations, for example, use higher heating value (HHV) of fuel in efficiency calculations while some use lower heating value (LHV). Some accounts for auxiliary and parasitic losses while others do not. Some adhere to the “first-law” of efficiency while some use other methods, i.e., calculations recommended by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission or the US Combined Heat & Power Association. Different efficiency concepts based on actual performance testing from the IES Laboratory at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) are evaluated in this paper. The equipment studied included: a 30-kW microturbine, an air-to-water heat recovery unit (HRU), a 10-ton (35 kW) hot water-fired (indirect-fired) single-effect absorption chiller, and a direct-fired desiccant dehumidification unit. Efficiencies of different configurations of the above-mentioned equipment based on various approaches are compared. In addition, IES efficiency gains due to the replacement of a 1st generation HRU (effectiveness of approximately 75%) with a 2nd generation HRU (effectiveness of approximately 92%) for the same IES arrangement are discussed. The results showed that the difference in HHV- and LHV-based efficiencies for different IES arrangements could reach 5–8%, and that the difference in efficiency values calculated with different methods for the same arrangement could reach 27%. Therefore, it is very important to develop standard guidelines for efficiency calculations that would be acceptable and used by the majority of IES manufacturers and end-users. At the very least, every manufacturer or user should clearly indicate the basis for their efficiency calculations.
3
Ulugov, Umidjon, and Alexey Zolotukhin. "Agreement of Water User Associations Services on Agricultural Water Supply." In Proceedings of the International Conference "Topical Problems of Philology and Didactics: Interdisciplinary Approach in Humanities and Social Sciences" (TPHD 2018). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/tphd-18.2019.82.
Full text
4
Lingxia Guo, Zhang Bo, Yifei Zhao, and Xuqiang He. "Farmer's attitude to water user association participation management, based on gender analysis." In 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893396.
Full text
5
Gunda, Thushara. "NM Technical Working Group: Balancing Standards Development with User Priorities and Platform Needs." In Proposed for presentation at the American Water Resources Association Annual Meeting. US DOE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1831349.
Full text
6
Kretzschmar, H. J., K. Knobloch, K. Miyagawa, A. H. Harvey, and W. Wagner. "Supplementary Backward Equations for the Industrial Formulation IAPWS-IF97 of Water and Steam for Fast Calculations of Heat Cycles, Boilers, and Steam Turbines." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41987.
Full textAbstract:
In 1997, the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) adopted the “IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam” (IAPWS-IF97) [1, 2]. The IAPWS-IF97 contains fundamental equations g(p, T) for liquid region 1, vapor region 2 and high-temperature region 5, a fundamental equation f(v, T) for the critical and supercritical regions (region 3) and an equation pair for saturation pressure psat(T) and for saturation temperature Tsat(p); see Fig. 1. Using the fundamental equations, all thermodynamic properties can be calculated from a given pressure and temperature in regions 1, 2, 5, or from a given specific volume and temperature in region 3. In addition, the IAPWS-IF97 contains “backward” equations for the most used implicit functions T(p, h) and T(p, s) in regions 1 and 2 for fast calculations in thermodynamic process modeling. Further dependencies must be calculated iteratively from the fundamental equations. Thus, one- and two-dimensional iterations are necessary for determining certain thermodynamic properties in process modeling. Over the past 6 years, IAPWS has established a task group and developed further backward equations for water and steam supplementing the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997. First, backward equations p(h, s) for the liquid and vapor regions were developed and adopted as a supplementary release by IAPWS in 2001 (IAPWS-IF97-S01) [3, 4]; see Fig. 1. An international survey of the power industry revealed that backward equations in the critical and supercritical regions were also required in process modeling. Thus the backward equations T(p, h), v(p, h), T(p, s), and v(p, s) were developed for region 3 and adopted as a supplementary release in 2003 and revised in 2004 (IAPWS-IF97-S03rev) [5, 6]. Backward equations p(h, s) developed for the critical and supercritical regions were then adopted by IAPWS in 2004 (IAPWS-IF97-S04) [7, 8]. This supplementary release also contains a backward equation for the saturation temperature Tsat(h, s) in the part of the two-phase region important for steam-turbine calculations. Finally, backward equations v(p, T) for the critical and supercritical regions (region 3) were published in a supplementary release in 2005 (IAPWS-IF97-S05) [9, 10]; see Fig. 1. In order to determine whether a given state point is located in one of the single-phase regions or in the two-phase region, iterations are necessary for the backward functions of the given properties (p, h), (p, s) or (h, s). To avoid these iterations, special region-boundary equations were developed and adopted as a part of the supplementary releases IAPWS-IF97-03rev and IAPWS-IF97-S04. In conclusion, using the equations of IAPWS-IF97, the supplementary backward equations, and the region-boundary equations, all thermodynamic properties can be calculated without iteration from the input variables (p, t), (p, h), (p, s) and (h, s) in the entire range of validity of IAPWS-IF97, including determination of the region (except for the high-temperature region 5). The numerical consistencies of the backward and region-boundary equations are sufficient for most heat-cycle, boiler, and steam-turbine calculations. For users not satisfied with the numerical consistency, the equations are still recommended for generating good starting points for an iterative process. The supplementary backward equations and the region-boundary equations presented will significantly reduce the computing time for calculating the properties of water and steam [11]. All new backward equations and their use are described comprehensively in [12].
7
Bharadwaj, R. "Technological Advances in Water-less Fracking: A Case Study." In Indonesian Petroleum Association 44th Annual Convention and Exhibition. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa21-se-169.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrofracking transfigured the concept of producing from unconventional reservoirs. The Fracking fluid used in fracturing has unlocked many tight reservoirs but in terms of an aquifer, it poses threats like consumption of large quantity of water and also, used water becomes polluted as well as recycling cost is uneconomic. This paper evaluates alternatives to water-based frac fluids and discusses their environmental & economic impact along with resource availability and commercial feasibility. Pure Propane Fracturing uses propane in combination with non-toxic man-made proppants (light glass & carbon fullerene microbeads) with desired properties. Pure Propane is fluorinated and carbonated without water or harmful additives, thereby eliminates the risk of catching fire. Pure Propane Fracturing eliminates the need for water completely and thus, a perfect option for fracturing in water scarcity regions. Fracture flow capacity of Pure Propane can be enhanced with the use of phase change chemical proppants in the slurry stage. CO2 Foam Fracturing predominantly comprises liquid carbon-dioxide which reduces the water requirement up to 80%. CO2 foam-based frac fluid uses relatively fewer chemical additives as compared to the water-based frac fluid which in-turn does minimal formation damage. Foam Fracturing fluids have high fluid recovery and clean-up efficiency. CO2 foam-based frac fluid is available in a wide range of viscosities and can also work in high pressure high temperature conditions at significantly low polymer loadings. Energized frac fluid comprises N2/CO2 (20-30%) which reduces water consumption and provides additional energy to aid in load recovery during the post-frac flow-back stage. N2 gas can propagate more easily into small pores and micro-fractures to get lower breakdown pressure and enhance fracture complexity & CO2 exists in dense phase at static bottom hole conditions, thus is less susceptible to dissipation and dissolves in crude oil which reduces its viscosity and improves cleanup and recovery.
8
Puerto Molina, H. M., A. Melián Navarro, M. C. Rocamora Osorio, A. Ruiz Canales, J. M. Cámara Zapata, and R. Abadía Sánchez. "Social and irrigation water management issues in some water user’s associations of the Low Segura River Valley (Alicante, Spain)." In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2006. WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si060201.
Full text
9
Esfahani, F., G. Alfano, and H. Bahai. "Hydromechanical Modeling of CO2 Injection in Deformable Porous Media." In UK Association for Computational Mechanics Conference 2024. Durham University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62512/conf.ukacm2024.091.
Full textAbstract:
Storing CO2 in deep saline aquifers is a key strategy for carbon capture and storage, an essential technology in the global effort to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Several mathematical and computational models have been proposed to simulate CO2 storage in geological formations [1-3]. These models aim to comprehensively capture the intricate interactions between fluids, gases, and geological media. In this study, we propose a novel quadrilateral finite element designed to simulate the flow of CO2 and water in an isothermal deformable porous medium. This element has been developed in user element subroutine (UEL) of Abaqus. The balance equations include momentum balance, as well as the mass balance of CO2 and water as outlined in prior research [2]. The proposed element is used to simulate certain tests, and preliminary results are presented.
10
Wijaya, A. B. "Thermoelectric Peltier-based Cooler Generatoras the Right Option to Optimize Flare Gas Utilization in Mature Fields." In Indonesian Petroleum Association 44th Annual Convention and Exhibition. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa21-f-225.
Full textAbstract:
Cepu is a mature field that has been producing since 1877 with a total production of 2,200 BOPD, with the challenge of developing new wells to control the decline in well production coupled with the high water cut in each well. In addition, production facilities in some sub-districts still use conventional equipment with durability and functions that need to be updated and are generally not equipped with the use of gas flares and purification equipment and in actual conditions in which gas is burned directly into the atmosphere. The thermoelectric Peltier is an innovation in the form of a device with a solid-state electric cooling component that functions to pump heat in the air during the cooling process. By being installed on a flowline leading to a flare stack, it is able to maximize the cooling process to enable the collected condensate and sweet gas be reused as a fuel gas engines. On this basis, the use of Thermoelectric Peltier in mature fields has great potential in reducing exhaust emissions of fuel gas/zero flares, heavy hydrocarbons (CH3+) contained in gas flares can be fully condensed and potentially to increase oil recovery from the Cepu field. In addition, the material used is user friendly requires only a power source, easy to be operated as it uses a 9-12 VDC power source, can be applicable in mature fields because it doesn't need spacious place, simply installed on the pipes, low price cost of Rp 5.312 million and is easy to find in the market.
Reports on the topic "Water Users Association"
1
Anania, Paulo, and Ted Schrader. Formalize or not? : The case of the Mkombozi Water Users’ Association in Babati district, Tanzania. Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18174/683632.
Full text
2
(Archived), Irina Ward, and Farah Abu Saleh. PR-473-144506-R01 State of the Art Alternatives to Steel Pipelines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011459.
Full textAbstract:
This report is a literature review of several non-metallic material systems often used as alter-natives to steel pipelines. The pipeline systems reviewed are high density polyethylene (HDPE), fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), flexible composite and thermoplastic liners. This report is not intended to be a detailed guide or design manual on the use of the referenced materials for pipeline applications, rather an overall evaluation on the current state of these systems. Significant industry literature and documentation already exists on the design, manufacturing, installation, and operation of these pipelines. This information currently resides in pipe manufacturer's manuals and various industry standards and guides published by organizations such as ASTM International (ASTM), American Petroleum Institute (API) American Water Works Association (AWWA), and International Organization for Standardization (ISO). In Canada, the oil and gas industry pipeline code, CSA Z662-2015 (Canadian Standards Association, 2015). Users should frequently consult the manufacturers of the pipe products in use or under consideration for use for clarification and suggestions regarding the best practices, considerations and applications of the materials in question. In addition, pipeline operators should be aware of the applicable regulatory requirements in the jurisdictions they are operating within.
3
Aarnoudse, E., A. Closas, and N. Lefore. Water user associations: a review of approaches and alternative management options for Sub-Saharan Africa. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2018.210.
Full text
4
Daudelin, Francois, Lina Taing, Lucy Chen, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, and Hamid Mehmood. Mapping WASH-related disease risk: A review of risk concepts and methods. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/uxuo4751.
Full textAbstract:
The report provides a review of how risk is conceived of, modelled, and mapped in studies of infectious water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related diseases. It focuses on spatial epidemiology of cholera, malaria and dengue to offer recommendations for the field of WASH-related disease risk mapping. The report notes a lack of consensus on the definition of disease risk in the literature, which limits the interpretability of the resulting analyses and could affect the quality of the design and direction of public health interventions. In addition, existing risk frameworks that consider disease incidence separately from community vulnerability have conceptual overlap in their components and conflate the probability and severity of disease risk into a single component. The report identifies four methods used to develop risk maps, i) observational, ii) index-based, iii) associative modelling and iv) mechanistic modelling. Observational methods are limited by a lack of historical data sets and their assumption that historical outcomes are representative of current and future risks. The more general index-based methods offer a highly flexible approach based on observed and modelled risks and can be used for partially qualitative or difficult-to-measure indicators, such as socioeconomic vulnerability. For multidimensional risk measures, indices representing different dimensions can be aggregated to form a composite index or be considered jointly without aggregation. The latter approach can distinguish between different types of disease risk such as outbreaks of high frequency/low intensity and low frequency/high intensity. Associative models, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), are commonly used to measure current risk, future risk (short-term for early warning systems) or risk in areas with low data availability, but concerns about bias, privacy, trust, and accountability in algorithms can limit their application. In addition, they typically do not account for gender and demographic variables that allow risk analyses for different vulnerable groups. As an alternative, mechanistic models can be used for similar purposes as well as to create spatial measures of disease transmission efficiency or to model risk outcomes from hypothetical scenarios. Mechanistic models, however, are limited by their inability to capture locally specific transmission dynamics. The report recommends that future WASH-related disease risk mapping research: - Conceptualise risk as a function of the probability and severity of a disease risk event. Probability and severity can be disaggregated into sub-components. For outbreak-prone diseases, probability can be represented by a likelihood component while severity can be disaggregated into transmission and sensitivity sub-components, where sensitivity represents factors affecting health and socioeconomic outcomes of infection. -Employ jointly considered unaggregated indices to map multidimensional risk. Individual indices representing multiple dimensions of risk should be developed using a range of methods to take advantage of their relative strengths. -Develop and apply collaborative approaches with public health officials, development organizations and relevant stakeholders to identify appropriate interventions and priority levels for different types of risk, while ensuring the needs and values of users are met in an ethical and socially responsible manner. -Enhance identification of vulnerable populations by further disaggregating risk estimates and accounting for demographic and behavioural variables and using novel data sources such as big data and citizen science. This review is the first to focus solely on WASH-related disease risk mapping and modelling. The recommendations can be used as a guide for developing spatial epidemiology models in tandem with public health officials and to help detect and develop tailored responses to WASH-related disease outbreaks that meet the needs of vulnerable populations. The report’s main target audience is modellers, public health authorities and partners responsible for co-designing and implementing multi-sectoral health interventions, with a particular emphasis on facilitating the integration of health and WASH services delivery contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).
5
Cotten, David, Brandon Adams, Nancy O'Hare, et al. Vegetation mapping at Horseshoe Bend National Military Park: Photointerpretation key and final vegetation map. National Park Service, 2019. https://doi.org/10.36967/2267065.
Full textAbstract:
The University of Georgia Department of Geography’s Center for Geospatial Research (CGR), with the support of the National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory (VMI) Program, described and mapped vegetation at Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE). This mapping effort was accomplished through collaboration with the NPS Southeast Coast Network (SECN), the North Carolina office of NatureServe (/Durham, N.C.), and Atkins North America, Inc. A final map of vegetation communities was created for Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (NMP) to the association level of the National Vegetation Classification System and in a 500-meter (1,640-foot [ft]) buffer zone around the park using the more general Anderson Level II classification. This map represents the vegetation found in the park during 2011, the year the images were acquired. We were provided with the vegetation communities occurring in the park, as determined by NatureServe from ground plots. We overlaid the location of the NatureServe plots on leaf-on color-infrared aerial photographs to determine the image signature of vegetation communities in terms of color, tone, texture, and topographic position. We also conducted our own field surveys to refine and verify photointerpretation. The park encompasses 829 hectares (2,049 acres [ac]) while the buffer alone covers 712 hectares (1,759 ac). Within the park boundary, there were 23 vegetation communities, with pine and hardwood forest communities dominating (88%). While forested, most of the forests (66% of total area) are mid-successional forests 30 to 75 years of age, reflecting past anthropogenic influences. The most common vegetation class is Early-to Mid-Successional Loblolly Pine Forest (24%). Areas impacted by exotic invasives or pine bark beetles were minimal (less than 1%). The buffer area (712 hectares [1,759 ac]) was 81% forested. There is a small component of rangeland (12%), which depending upon location and actual use, may influence water quality. Less than 3% of the buffer zone is high intensity anthropogenic land-uses. Because of the extensive past land use history, using the National Vegetation Classification System (NVCS) to the association level was challenging. Determining CEGL codes was particularly difficult because the National Vegetation Classification System was designed for relatively undisturbed vegetation communities. Using 16 NatureServe vegetation plots, color-infrared aerial photos, and data collected in the field, vegetation communities were delineated and assigned attributes. Using dominant vegetation classes and secondary vegetation classes, as well as modifiers to describe the diversity of species, detailed vegetation maps were created for Horseshoe Bend NMP. Polygons and attributes within the 500-meter (1,640-ft) buffer were created on a broader scale using a system based on the Anderson Level II classification scheme which includes anthropogenic and land use/land cover (LULC) classes. Within the park, the more detailed vegetation classes were used. The most common class found in Horseshoe Bend NMP is Early- to Mid-Successional Loblolly Pine Forest (6011) covering 24% of the park. This class combined with the second and third most common classes, Successional Sweetgum Floodplain Forest and Mid- to Late-Successional Loblolly Pine - Sweetgum Forest respectively, covers 57% of the park's 829 hectares (2,049 ac). The smallest class in the park that is larger than one half hectare is Highland Rim Pond (Woolgrass Bulrush—Threeway Sedge Type; 4719) which covers roughly one hectare. A rigorous accuracy assessment was conducted on the 23 map classes within the boundary of Horseshoe Bend NHP representing floristic types within the National Vegetation Classification System. Results showed 69% map accuracy and a kappa rating of 66% using 167 accuracy assessment points. The products generated from this project include vegetation maps, a photointerpretation key,..........
6
Establishing and strengthening irrigation water users associations (IWUAs) in Ethiopia: a manual for trainers. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2014.232.
Full text