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Journal articles on the topic 'Water – Zimbabwe'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Gunda, L., E. Chikuni, H. Tazvinga, and J. Mudare. "Estimating wind power generation capacity in Zimbabwe using vertical wind profile extrapolation techniques: A case study." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 32, no. 1 (2021): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2021/v32i1a8205.

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Only 40% of Zimbabwe’s population has access to electricity. The greater proportion of the power is generated from thermal stations, with some from hydro and solar energy sources. However, there is little investment in the use of wind for electricity generation except for small installations in the Eastern Highlands, as Zimbabwe generally has wind speeds which are too low to be utilised for electricity generation. This paper presents the use of vertical wind profile extrapolation methods to determine the potential of generating electricity from wind at different hub heights in Zimbabwe, using the Hellman and exponential laws to estimate wind speeds. The estimated wind speeds are used to determine the potential of generating electricity from wind. Mangwe district in Matabeleland South province of Zimbabwe was used as a test site. Online weather datasets were used to estimate the wind speeds. The investigation shows that a 2.5kW wind turbine installation in Mangwe can generate more than 3MWh of energy per annum at hub heights above 40m, which is enough to supply power to a typical Zimbabwean rural village. This result will encourage investment in the use of wind to generate electricity in Zimbabwe.
 Highlights
 
 Wind power utilisation is low in Zimbabwe.
 Vertical wind profile is estimated using extrapolation methods.
 Online weather data for soil and water analysis tool was used.
 Electricity can viably be generated from wind in Zimbabwe.
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2

Derman, Bill, and Anne Ferguson. "Value of Water: Political Ecology and Water Reform in Southern Africa." Human Organization 62, no. 3 (2003): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.62.3.4um4hl7m2mtjagc0.

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Our study draws attention to the multiple ways water is “valued” in international, national, and local discourses and how these different dialogues are used by actors to position themselves and their interests in Zimbabwe’s water reform process. It raises questions concerning the liberatory nature of Zimbabwe’s supposed populist political agenda in land and water reform. Water reform in Zimbabwe serves as a means of demonstrating the grounded, decentered, and engaged approach of political ecology. Focusing only on one pervasive discourse, such as neoliberal economic policy or the growing scarcity of water, and studying its effects on people and the environment, misses much of the complexity embodied in the reform. Our emphasis draws attention to the role of multiple actors, history, ambiguities, and contestations. We have found that the old systems for managing water are no longer functioning while the new systems are not in place. This means that the years of careful planning and implementation of water reform are now in jeopardy due to unforeseen events and processes.
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3

Mutandwa, Hudson, and Tawanda Zinyama. "An Analysis of the Potential Use of Public-Private Partnerships in Water Infrastructural Development in Zimbabwe: The Case of Harare City Council." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 5, no. 1 (2015): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v5i1.7366.

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The study was carried out to analyse the potential use of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in water infrastructural development in Harare City Council, Zimbabwe. PPPs play a pivotal role in water infrastructural development if fully implemented. Zimbabwe’s rate of uptake is low. There are preconditions that are necessary for successful implementation of PPPs inter alia political will (commitment) legal, institutional and political frameworks. Key informant interviews and documentary search were employed to gather data. The study established that Zimbabwe does not have the preconditions necessary for successful implementation of PPPs and this confirms the thesis. The main challenges include lack of legal and institutional framework, lack of political will, unconducive socio-economic environment. Zimbabwe’s water infrastructure is ramshackle. This is compounded by lack of fiscal space on the part of government to rehabilitate the infrastructure. PPPs could be a viable alternative to infrastructural development with the right environmental conditions. The study recommends that the government should quickly enact a PPP legal framework that enables the establishment of a PPP unit within the Ministry of Finance and this should be followed by an Act of Parliament which should institutionalize PPPs. The Government should promote a conducive investment climate.
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4

Ndunguru, Michael Gregory, and Zvikomborero Hoko. "Assessment of water loss in Harare, Zimbabwe." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 4 (2016): 519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.157.

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A major challenge facing water utilities is the high level of water losses, which affects the financial viability and adequacy of water in the system. A study was carried out from January to May 2012 to characterize water losses in selected areas of Harare, Zimbabwe. Assessment of the contribution of water leakage to total water loss was carried out through water audits in four selected suburbs. Minimum night flows were determined over a number of days, and the SANFLOW model was used to determine average real losses. The water loss expressed as a percentage of supply in the four suburbs ranged from 29 to 43%, and was above the level expected for well-performing utilities in developing countries of 23%. Leakage contributed most to the water loss (>70%). For the entire city, the study established that non-revenue water ranged from 43 to 74% over the period 2009–2011. The study concludes that water loss management in Harare is poor, and this is affecting the quality of service delivery. There is a need for Harare to take a more proactive approach to water loss management, including periodic water audits.
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5

Morgan, Peter. "The Zimbabwe Bush Pump." Waterlines 8, no. 2 (1989): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1989.036.

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6

Mudege, Ngoni. "Handpump maintenance in Zimbabwe." Waterlines 11, no. 4 (1993): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1993.014.

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7

Cleaver, Frances. "Maintenance of rural water supplies in Zimbabwe." Waterlines 9, no. 4 (1991): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1991.017.

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8

Batidzirai, Bothwell, Erik H. Lysen, Sander van Egmond, and Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark. "Potential for solar water heating in Zimbabwe." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13, no. 3 (2009): 567–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.01.001.

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9

Mitchell, Henry. "Landscape, Water and Belonging in Southern Zimbabwe." Journal of Southern African Studies 42, no. 1 (2016): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2016.1126458.

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10

Kanda, Artwell, Mercy Murongazvombo, and France Ncube. "Adapting household water use in rural Zimbabwe." International Journal of Environmental Studies 74, no. 3 (2017): 471–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2017.1319622.

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11

Muchini, Ronald, Webster Gumindoga, Sydney Togarepi, Tarirai Pinias Masarira, and Timothy Dube. "Near real time water quality monitoring of Chivero and Manyame lakes of Zimbabwe." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 378 (May 29, 2018): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-378-85-2018.

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Abstract. Zimbabwe's water resources are under pressure from both point and non-point sources of pollution hence the need for regular and synoptic assessment. In-situ and laboratory based methods of water quality monitoring are point based and do not provide a synoptic coverage of the lakes. This paper presents novel methods for retrieving water quality parameters in Chivero and Manyame lakes, Zimbabwe, from remotely sensed imagery. Remotely sensed derived water quality parameters are further validated using in-situ data. It also presents an application for automated retrieval of those parameters developed in VB6, as well as a web portal for disseminating the water quality information to relevant stakeholders. The web portal is developed, using Geoserver, open layers and HTML. Results show the spatial variation of water quality and an automated remote sensing and GIS system with a web front end to disseminate water quality information.
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12

Mugambiwa, S. S., and J. C. Makhubele. "Indigenous knowledge systems based climate governance in water and land resource management in rural Zimbabwe." Journal of Water and Climate Change 12, no. 5 (2021): 2045–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2021.183.

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Abstract This paper interrogates indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) based climate governance in water and land resource management in under-resourced areas of Zimbabwe. Water and land resources are fundamental for smallholder farmers and their productivity. The concept of IKS plays a significant role in climate change adaptation in Zimbabwe's rural communities. Climate change has a considerable influence on the success of agricultural production in the rural communities of Zimbabwe. Hence, it becomes fundamental to assess the community-based methods of climate governance. Qualitative multiple case study exploratory designs were employed with data collected through individual interviews with smallholder farmers, and thematic content analysis was used to analyse data. This study found that enhancing and embracing IKS is of paramount importance for inclusion in local-level strategies in the development process with special reference to climate governance in water and land resource management, particularly in under-resourced communities. It also established that the use of IKS enhances communities' adaptive capacity and it should not be conducted at the expense of scientific methods but rather should be employed in order to complement the existing scientific global knowledge systems.
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13

Morgan, Peter, and Ephraim Chimbunde. "Upgrading family wells in Zimbabwe." Waterlines 9, no. 3 (1991): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1991.003.

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14

Mamuse, Antony, and Ron Watkins. "High fluoride drinking water in Gokwe, northwest Zimbabwe." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 1 (2016): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.188.

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More than 200 million people worldwide are exposed to excessive fluoride in drinking water. According to the World Health Organization, the optimal concentration range of fluoride in drinking water is 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L. Above this range, populations may contract dental fluorosis or, in severe cases, crippling skeletal fluorosis. In the Gokwe area in NW Zimbabwe, where drinking water contains up to 11 mg/L fluoride, fluorosis prevalence has previously been estimated at 62%. This paper investigates the water quality of 126 water sources in Gokwe (58 pumped boreholes, 15 flowing artesian boreholes, 46 wells and 7 streams). The water chemistry, determined from high performance ion chromatography and field measurements, showed that the water source types exhibit significantly different (P < 0.05) concentrations of F−, Cl−, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, temperatures, pH and conductivity values. Thirty-five (28%) of the 126 water sources (18 pumped boreholes, 15 artesian boreholes, one well and one stream) contained F− > 1.5 mg/L, indicating that fluoride contamination in the area is a characteristic of deeper groundwater, possibly due to its interactions with the potentially fluoridic coaly and carbonaceous materials of the Lower Karoo Aquifer at depth. The plausibility of providing alternative low fluoride water, and defluoridation, should be investigated.
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15

Mapedza, Everisto, Emmanuel Manzungu, Tommy Rosen, Phanuel Ncube, and Barbara van Koppen. "Decentralised water governance in Zimbabwe: Disorder within order." Water Resources and Rural Development 8 (November 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wrr.2016.05.001.

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16

Makaya, Eugine. "Performance Based Water Loss Management for Gweru, Zimbabwe." American Journal of Water Resources 5, no. 4 (2017): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ajwr-5-4-2.

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17

Nhapi, Innocent. "Inventory of water management practices in Harare, Zimbabwe." Water and Environment Journal 22, no. 1 (2008): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2007.00084.x.

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18

Musemwa, Muchaparara. "Urban Struggles over Water Scarcity in Harare." Daedalus 150, no. 4 (2021): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01871.

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Abstract This essay counters the growing tendency in current scholarship to attribute nearly all the enduring water scarcity problems to climate change. Focusing on Harare, Zimbabwe's capital city, this essay contends that recurrent water crises can only really be understood within the contentious, long, and complex history of water politics in the capital city from the colonial to the postcolonial period. Although the colonial and postcolonial states in Zimbabwe had very different ideological and racial policies, for various reasons, neither was willing nor able to provide adequate supplies of water to the urban poor even as water was abundant in the city's reservoirs. It posits that while the colonial government racialized access to water by restricting its use by urban Africans, the postcolonial government failed to change the colonial patterns of urban water distribution and did little to increase water supplies to keep pace with a swiftly growing urban population and a geographically expanding city.
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19

Mapedza, Everisto, and Kim Geheb. "Power dynamics and water reform in the Zimbabwean context: implications for the poor." Water Policy 12, no. 4 (2010): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.141.

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In Zimbabwe, the state has been reconfiguring the water sector since 1998, as has been happening more generally within the wider Southern African region. Within the water sector, as in broader environmental governance, decentralization is increasingly being proposed as an important step towards increased accountability, equity and positive social and environmental outcomes. Decentralization is defined as the devolution of powers to local level institutions which are downwardly accountable to their constituencies. This paper looks at the Zimbabwean case of decentralising water management and assesses whether or not this process has yielded positive social, economic and environmental outcomes. The paper views the reform process as a reflection of the power asymmetries that work against the interests of poor households in accessing water for both domestic and productive uses.
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20

Chifurira, Retius, Delson Chikobvu, and Dorah Dubihlela. "Rainfall prediction for sustainable economic growth." Environmental Economics 7, no. 4 (2016): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(4-1).2016.04.

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Agriculture is the backbone of Zimbabwe’s economy with the majority of Zimbabweans being rural people who derive their livelihood from agriculture and other agro-based economic activities. Zimbabwe’s agriculture depends on the erratic rainfall which threatens food, water and energy access, as well as vital livelihood systems which could severely undermine efforts to drive sustainable economic growth. For Zimbabwe, delivering a sustainable economic growth is intrinsically linked to improved climate modelling. Climate research plays a pivotal role in building Zimbabwe’s resilience to climate change and keeping the country on track, as it charts its path towards sustainable economic growth. This paper presents a simple tool to predict summer rainfall using standardized Darwin sea level pressure (SDSLP) anomalies and southern oscillation index (SOI) that are used as part of an early drought warning system. Results show that SDSLP anomalies and SOI for the month of April of the same year, i.e., seven months before onset of summer rainfall (December to February total rainfall) are a simple indicator of amount of summer rainfall in Zimbabwe. The low root mean square error (RMSE) and root mean absolute error (RMAE) values of the proposed model, make SDSLP anomalies for April and SOI for the same month an additional input candidates for regional rainfall prediction schemes. The results of the proposed model will benefit in the prediction of oncoming summer rainfall and will influence policy making in agriculture, environment planning, food redistribution and drought prediction for sustainable economic development. Keywords: sustainable economic growth, standardized Darwin sea level pressure anomalies, southern oscillation index, summer rainfall prediction, Zimbabwe. JEL Classification: Q16, Q25, Q54, Q55, Q58
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21

Morgan, Peter. "Village-level sanitation programmes in Zimbabwe." Waterlines 6, no. 3 (1988): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1988.004.

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22

Musiwa, Anthony Shuko. "A Rights-Based Approach to Child Poverty Measurement and Child Rights Realisation in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Children’s Rights 29, no. 1 (2021): 148–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-29010007.

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Abstract Against the context of limited research in Zimbabwe on rights-focused child poverty research, policy and practice, this study employs the Bristol Approach to measure the extent and relationship with gender and location, respectively, of child poverty among children aged five years and below (N = 6418). Using Zimbabwe’s 2015 Demographic and Health Survey secondary data, 14 selected measures are tested for validity, reliability and additivity. Severe deprivation estimates are developed, showing the commonest deprivation forms as early childhood development (78 per cent), water (46 per cent), healthcare (44 per cent), sanitation (40 per cent), shelter (30 per cent) and nutrition (13 per cent). While boys and girls are similarly severely deprived, children in rural areas are the most severely deprived. While all deprivations are non-significantly correlated with gender, most are significantly correlated with location. Overall, the study highlights the extreme nature of child rights violations caused by poverty in Zimbabwe, and how rights-based child poverty measurement can better inform policy and practice responses.
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23

Conboy, M. J., and M. J. Goss. "Contamination of Rural Drinking Water Wells by Fecal Origin Bacteria -- Survey Findings." Water Quality Research Journal 34, no. 2 (1999): 281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1999.013.

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Abstract In 1997, over 300 rural drinking water wells throughout Southern Ontario and 148 wells in rural Zimbabwe were tested for bacteriological water quality. Total coliform, fecal coliform and fecal streptococci were enumerated in each sample with standard membrane filtration techniques. Clostridium perfringens was monitored by presence or absence. In Ontario, all of the wells were tested in the spring, when the fields were near saturation, and resampled in late summer. Just under 50% of the wells exceeded the Ontario drinking water objectives (DWO) in spring and summer. On both occasions, approximately 20% of the wells tested positive for Clostridium perfringens, which is an indicator for fecal contamination of animal origin. Zimbabwe wells were sampled during the dry season, June 1997. Ninety-five percent of the wells had bacteria in excess of Ontario DWO, and 59% of the wells tested positive for Clostridium perfringens. The wells in Zimbabwe provided a comparison in soil moisture and type, and there were also differences in well construction and management practices. This study shows that a significant percentage of the bacteria of fecal origin found in rural wells originated from animal manure. Some factors affecting well water quality are discussed.
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24

Marimbe, Simbiso, and Emmanuel Manzungu. "Challenges of communicating integrated water resource management in Zimbabwe." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 28, no. 20-27 (2003): 1077–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.007.

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25

Mtetwa, Sibekile. "No room for complacency - water- pollution control in Zimbabwe." Waterlines 14, no. 1 (1995): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1995.025.

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26

Robinson, Peter B. "“All for some”: water inequity in Zambia and Zimbabwe." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 27, no. 11-22 (2002): 851–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-7065(02)00080-3.

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27

Pritchard, Joshua. "Remaking Mutirikwi: Landscape, water and belonging in southern Zimbabwe." African Affairs 117, no. 466 (2018): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adx049.

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28

Gambe, Tazviona Richman. "Prospects of prepaid smart water metering in Harare, Zimbabwe." African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development 7, no. 4 (2015): 236–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2015.1081762.

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29

Mutopo, Patience. "Remaking Mutirikwi: Landscape, Water and Belonging in Southern Zimbabwe." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 52, no. 1 (2017): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2017.1361156.

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30

Spierenburg, Marja. "Remaking Mutirikwi: landscape, water and belonging in southern Zimbabwe." Anthropology Southern Africa 39, no. 3 (2016): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23323256.2016.1206831.

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31

Muzorewa, Terence Tapiwa, and Mark Nyandoro. "Water Sources and Urban Expansion in Ruwa Town in Post-Colonial Zimbabwe, 1986–2020." Global Environment 14, no. 2 (2021): 239–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2021.140202.

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Africa is experiencing phenomenal urban growth and myriad environmental challenges associated with urban sprawl. Zimbabwe, situated in the heart of the southern African region, is no exception to this rule. Urban population has continued to spike, with more than half the world's population residing in urban areas. Although Africa has less than forty per cent (33 per cent for Zimbabwe) of its population living in urban habitats, urban development has been on the rise as a result of the dynamic processes of industrialisation. In order to thrive, these human habitats required sustainable water sources. Private Land Developer Com-panies (PLDCs) in Ruwa Town, Zimbabwe, were placed at the core of water and other infrastructure expansion. Since the developers were thought to be endowed with financial resources, there were high expectations that the town was going to lead in public infrastructure development. However, this article shows that Ruwa failed to live up to the expected standards in the development of water facilities and other infrastructure to facilitate urban growth and development.
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32

Chirenda, Tatenda G., Sunitha C. Srinivas, and R. Tandlich. "Microbial water quality of treated water and raw water sources in the Harare area, Zimbabwe." Water SA 41, no. 5 (2015): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v41i5.

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33

Chirenda, Tatenda G., Sunitha C. Srinivas, and R. Tandlich. "Microbial water quality of treated water and raw water sources in the Harare area, Zimbabwe." Water SA 41, no. 5 (2015): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v41i5.12.

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34

Soyapi, Caiphas Brewsters. "Water Security and the Right to Water in Southern Africa: An Overview." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 20 (January 3, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2016/v19i0a1650.

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The southern African region’s water-related problems are quite diverse. From the struggles of indigenous communities in Botswana to the cholera outbreaks in Zimbabwe; from the difficulties of poor communities in accessing basic water services to the disputes between municipal councils and individual well-to-do water users, it is abundantly evident that water security is a goal/vision that needs to be pursued by governments. Yet, much of the holistic scholarly focus on water security within the region has been on transboundary water management, to the exclusion of local/national water constitutional frameworks. Through four cases from Botswana, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe the paper addresses selected aspects of the varied water issues, in particular the constitutional right to water and how that impacts on water security within the region. The literature and case law reviewed in the paper indicate that while there are benefits to constitutionalising the right to water as a fundamental right, courts are still able to read the right to water into existing rights, especially the right to life. However, reading in has its own limitations, including that courts sometimes leave hanging/unpronounced government duties/responsibilities where the right to water is not provided for. Accordingly, the paper attempts to show that while the right to water could be read into other existing rights like the right to life, water security could be better achieved through an independent constitutional human right to water, which creates constitutional duties on the state.
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35

Brocklehurst, Clarissa, Murtaza Malik, Kiwe Sebunya, and Peter Salama. "Engineering in the time of cholera: overcoming institutional and political challenges to rebuild Zimbabwe's water and sanitation infrastructure in the aftermath of the 2008 cholera epidemic." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 2 (2013): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.143.

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A devastating cholera epidemic swept Zimbabwe in 2008, causing over 90,000 cases, and leaving more than 4,000 dead. The epidemic raged predominantly in urban areas, and the cause could be traced to the slow deterioration of Zimbabwe's water and sewerage utilities during the economic and political crisis that had gripped the country since the late 1990s. Rapid improvement was needed if the country was to avoid another cholera outbreak. In this context, donors, development agencies and government departments joined forces to work in a unique partnership, and to implement a programme of swift improvements that went beyond emergency humanitarian aid but did not require the time or massive investment associated with full-scale urban rehabilitation. The interventions ranged from supply of water treatment chemicals and sewer rods to advocacy and policy advice. The authors analyse the factors that made the programme effective and the challenges that partners faced. The case of Zimbabwe offers valuable lessons for other countries transitioning from emergency to development, and particularly those that need to take rapid action to upgrade failing urban systems. It illustrates that there is a ‘middle path’ between short-term humanitarian aid delivered in urban areas and large-scale urban rehabilitation, which can provide timely and highly effective results.
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36

Kemerink-Seyoum, J. S., N. L. T. Chinguno, S. D. Seyoum, R. Ahlers, J. A. Bolding, and P. Van der Zaag. "Jumping the water queue: changing waterscapes under water reform processes in rural Zimbabwe." Water SA 43, no. 3 (2017): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v43i3.07.

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37

Laver, Sue. "Communications for low-cost sanitation in Zimbabwe." Waterlines 4, no. 4 (1986): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1986.023.

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38

Morgan, Peter, and Annie Shangwa. "Teaching schoolchildren about handwashing: Experiences from Zimbabwe." Waterlines 29, no. 4 (2010): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2010.036.

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39

Magadza, C. H. D. "Lake Chivero (Zimbabwe) and its climatic environment." Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management 23, no. 2 (2018): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lre.12215.

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40

Masakure, Clement. "Book Review: Joost Fontein, Remaking Mutirikwi: Landscape, Water and Belonging in Southern Zimbabwe." Insight on Africa 9, no. 2 (2017): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975087817707642.

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41

Mutuma, Patrick, and Trevor Jambawo. "The Most Effective Strategies to Curb Corruption and Improve Water Service Delivery in Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 5(J) (2017): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i5(j).1908.

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The main objective of this study was to find the most effective strategies to curb and eradicate corruption and improve water service delivery. The study also aimed to present the type, causes, and effects of corruption. A mixed-methods questionnaire survey design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. 220 questionnaires were distributed to providers and users of water services in Zimbabwe. 149 respondents returned the completed questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The Analysis of Variance was used to test the significance of mean scores. The study revealed that corruption is highly prevalent in Zimbabwe. The main factors that cause corruption in the water sector are poor governance, economic hardship, and weak accountability. Corruption leads to economic stagnation and poor foreign investments. Organisations such as the Zimbabwe National Water Authority must improve systems and structures, enhance the auditing process, and educate staff on good ethical standards and effective governance to effectively fight against corruption and improve service delivery. They must also put in place strong governance and accountability frameworks and work closely with communities and policy makers to eradicate corruption. The availability of water should be the same across all the suburbs, and the country needs to adjust its water bill rates in line with regional rates. Service providers should make use of mobile technology to promote citizenry participation in sharing ideas and making decisions on water sustainability. This study reaffirms the need to fight corruption and improve water service delivery.
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42

Mutuma, Patrick, and Trevor Jambawo. "The Most Effective Strategies to Curb Corruption and Improve Water Service Delivery in Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 5 (2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i5.1908.

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The main objective of this study was to find the most effective strategies to curb and eradicate corruption and improve water service delivery. The study also aimed to present the type, causes, and effects of corruption. A mixed-methods questionnaire survey design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. 220 questionnaires were distributed to providers and users of water services in Zimbabwe. 149 respondents returned the completed questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The Analysis of Variance was used to test the significance of mean scores. The study revealed that corruption is highly prevalent in Zimbabwe. The main factors that cause corruption in the water sector are poor governance, economic hardship, and weak accountability. Corruption leads to economic stagnation and poor foreign investments. Organisations such as the Zimbabwe National Water Authority must improve systems and structures, enhance the auditing process, and educate staff on good ethical standards and effective governance to effectively fight against corruption and improve service delivery. They must also put in place strong governance and accountability frameworks and work closely with communities and policy makers to eradicate corruption. The availability of water should be the same across all the suburbs, and the country needs to adjust its water bill rates in line with regional rates. Service providers should make use of mobile technology to promote citizenry participation in sharing ideas and making decisions on water sustainability. This study reaffirms the need to fight corruption and improve water service delivery.
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43

Taderera, Hope, Alois Madhekeni, Gideon Zhou, and Tafadzwa Chevo. "Sector Wide Approach in Health: Policy Response and Framework in Zimbabwe." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 2, no. 1 (2012): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v2i1.1570.

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The discourse is on the Sector Wide Approach (SWAp) in health, a policy reform intervention by the World Health Organization, and focuses on Zimbabwe’s response, and the subsequent health policy framework. A SWAp is a government led partnership with donor agencies and the civil society, in the formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the health policy. The rationale is to systematically build the capacity of health delivery systems and structures, for the realization health policy objectives through effective and efficient utilization of collaboratively mobilized resources for the realization of sustainable development in health. Zimbabwe has responded to SWAps by adopting the WHO Country Cooperation Strategy (2008-2013), being implemented through the National Health Strategy (2009-2013). A collaborative approach involving the state and civil society is being pursued. Within this arrangement, the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare is leading the strategic and operational function, at all levels of society, with the donor community, through the civil society playing a supportive role particularly in areas which include HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, water and sanitation, and maternal health. Coordination is done through the National Planning Forum, made up of the health ministry and the voluntary sector, and the Health Development Partners Coordination Group, made up of donor agencies in health, in line with the Zimbabwe United Nations Development Assistance Framework and the Interagency Humanitarian Coordination Mechanism. It was concluded that a framework has been put in place through which the SWAp is being pursued, towards systematic capacity building of Zimbabwe’s health sector.
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44

Madzingamiri, D., M. A. C. Schouten, and M. Blokland. "Water, sanitation and hygiene partners collaborating to combat severe cholera outbreaks during the State of Emergency in Zimbabwe." Water Policy 17, no. 2 (2014): 370–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.100.

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This paper aims to understand the value of collaboration in a ‘state of emergency’ situation, featuring the case of the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector in Zimbabwe over the period 2008–2012. During this period, a group of stakeholders engaged in a structured collaboration, called the WASH cluster. This initiative was taken to respond to severe and frequent cholera outbreaks. Over these 5 years, the collaborating partners engaged in a voluntary partnership, which attracted attention due to the ascribed improvements of some key health indicators. Drawing from the body of literature on collaboration, the research confirms the applicability of findings on both the process and key features of successful collaboration and was able to position the evolution of the Zimbabwean case in the continuum of collaboration arrangements proposed in the literature. Likewise, the specific sequencing and causality of steps in the creation and development of the Zimbabwean WASH cluster were found to match those of the collaborative pathway. Finally, the findings confirm the general applicability of principles of collaboration, although the evaluation of its outcomes poses challenges. In addition, the research found that inasmuch as prominent leaders enhance collaboration, leadership by permanent government bodies promotes sustainability of the collaborative approach.
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45

Manyena, Siambabala Bernard, Sani Boniface Mutale, and Andrew Collins. "Sustainability of rural water supply and disaster resilience in Zimbabwe." Water Policy 10, no. 6 (2008): 563–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2008.066.

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Rural water supply, especially through the provision of village hand pumps, is implicated in the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015 to enhance the resilience of disaster-affected communities. Lessons from past programmes could help the design and implementation of future rural water supply and sanitation interventions as both a means and an end for sustainable and resilient communities, especially in disaster-prone areas. A study was carried out in the disaster-prone Binga District of Zimbabwe to ascertain whether rural water supply has helped in enhancing community resilience. The findings support the argument that, in addition to ‘hard’ technical inputs and ‘soft’ local human resource inputs, rural water supply is only effective if introduced with the ‘right’ reasons identified and made to operate sustainably, rather than for cost-cutting reasons. The latter is likely to reduce rather than enhance and sustain disaster resilience built by communities over centuries.
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46

Mhiribidi, Delight, Joel Nobert, Webster Gumindoga, and Donald T. Rwasoka. "Optimal water resource allocation modelling in the Lowveld of Zimbabwe." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 378 (May 29, 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-378-67-2018.

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Abstract. The management and allocation of water from multi-reservoir systems is complex and thus requires dynamic modelling systems to achieve optimality. A multi-reservoir system in the Southern Lowveld of Zimbabwe is used for irrigation of sugarcane estates that produce sugar for both local and export consumption. The system is burdened with water allocation problems, made worse by decommissioning of dams. Thus the aim of this research was to develop an operating policy model for the Lowveld multi-reservoir system.The Mann Kendall Trend and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests were used to assess the variability of historic monthly rainfall and dam inflows for the period 1899–2015. The WEAP model was set up to evaluate the water allocation system of the catchment and come-up with a reference scenario for the 2015/2016 hydrologic year. Stochastic Dynamic Programming approach was used for optimisation of the multi-reservoirs releases.Results showed no significant trend in the rainfall but a significantly decreasing trend in inflows (p < 0.05). The water allocation model (WEAP) showed significant deficits ( ∼ 40 %) in irrigation water allocation in the reference scenario. The optimal rule curves for all the twelve months for each reservoir were obtained and considered to be a proper guideline for solving multi- reservoir management problems within the catchment. The rule curves are effective tools in guiding decision makers in the release of water without emptying the reservoirs but at the same time satisfying the demands based on the inflow, initial storage and end of month storage.
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47

Nhongo, Kuitakwashe, Zvikomborero Hoko, and Jameson Kugara. "Investigating disinfectant by-products in Harare potable water supply, Zimbabwe." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 3 (2018): 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.104.

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Abstract Formation of disinfectant by-products was investigated in the Harare water supply system from February to April 2015. Sampling sites were selected from the lake, Morton Jaffray Water Treatment Works and critical points in the distribution system. The spatial variations of trihalomethanes and selected water quality parameters were investigated for 15 sampling points in 5 sampling campaigns to assess suitability for drinking. All trihalomethane species were measured, namely chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform. Only chloroform and bromodichloromethane were detected. The study confirmed that there is trihalomethanes formation in the Harare water distribution system and that it is affected by the residence time and presence of organic matter in the system. However, the levels of trihalomethanes are generally within the levels suggested by the World Health Organization. Only bromodichloromethane presents a risk for long-term exposure as it had levels that exceeded the limit for long-term exposure suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Bromodichloromethane, turbidity and free residual chlorine levels were not suitable for drinking in some of the zones. Boosting of chlorine residuals is necessary especially in areas with free chlorine less than 0.2 mg/L. Injection of ammonia, periodic cleaning of storage reservoirs, and flushing of lines will reduce trihalomethanes formation.
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48

Mosler, H. J., S. M. Kraemer, and R. B. Johnston. "Achieving long-term use of solar water disinfection in Zimbabwe." Public Health 127, no. 1 (2013): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2012.09.001.

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49

Derman, Bill, and Anne Hellum. "Livelihood rights perspective on water reform: Reflections on rural Zimbabwe." Land Use Policy 24, no. 4 (2007): 664–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2006.04.005.

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50

Houston, John. "Rural water supplies: comparative case histories from Nigeria and Zimbabwe." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 66, no. 1 (1992): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1992.066.01.12.

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