Dissertations / Theses: 'Waterberge (Limpopo)'

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Phasha, F. G. "Management of public hospitals in Waterberg District (Limpopo Province)." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1234.

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Thesis (MPH.) --University of Limpopo, 2015
BACKGROUND: There were perceptions that doctors as Medical Superintendents were unable to provide proper financial management of hospitals, thus administrators were appointed to manage hospitals irrespective of qualifications. The aim of the study was to determine how public hospitals are managed in Waterberg district (Limpopo province). METHOD: A cross sectional survey was conducted among 27 hospital managers in the Department of Health Limpopo province, in Waterberg district hospitals. A self -administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0, where both descriptive and inferential analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Of the 27 managers, 59.3% were females 40.7% compared to males. 96.3% of managers reported that they did not correctly implement PMDS and polices on RWOP were not applied. There was no statistical difference in management styles, according to gender (p>.05) and managers had a fair working relationship among themselves. CONCLUSION: According to the study, there is a great need to train hospital managers in management skills and other related policies, and giving them support in terms of resources such as: staffing especially health professionals, financial and working resources.

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Naude, M. "Oral evidence on the construction of vernacular farm dwellings in the Waterberg (Limpopo Province)." South African Journal of Cultural History, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001735.

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Abstract The Waterberg region is known for its luscious vegetation and indigenous wood types available for the construction of simple buildings, structures and furniture. This was probably one of the reasons why White pioneers and their descendants maintained such a long tradition of folk architecture in the region. The tradition started in the first half of the 19th century and lasted until the last half of the 20th century. Even though most of the older buildings and structures have disappeared, the information relating to that era’s folk architecture lived on in the memories and oral history of the generations who remembered them. This paper introduces some of the oral information regarding the older pioneer dwellings on farms in the Waterberg.

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Mukhovha, Charlotte Raesetsa. "The influence of unemployment on parenting skills in the Waterberg district of the Limpopo Province." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01092009-163151.

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Mabuela, F. M. "The implementation of strategic planning and management in the Waterberg Municipalities, Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1213.

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Thesis ( MPA.) --University of Limpopo, 2015
The aim of the study is to evaluate the implementation of the strategic planning and management in Waterberg District municipalities and to identify any constraints that might be affecting the implementation of strategic planning and management which is the basis for poor service delivery, which in turn, causes service delivery protests by members of the public against municipalities, and in order to provide policy recommendations. Therefore, the approach to the research is qualitative because the study solicited for views and opinions of respondents, in this case, public officials, politicians and members of the public. The secondary data aspect included the reviewing of documents of different municipalities in terms of planning and their own management styles. The quantitative approach is also applied in this study to validate the municipal performance score cards which is a content analysis. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The findings reflected the key issues with regard to the impact of the implementation of strategic planning and management in municipalities in the Waterberg district Limpopo Province. The study revealed appropriate opportunities for possible interventions to improve the implementation of strategic planning and management. The general conclusion as revealed by the study is that the municipal strategic plans are not successfully implemented and not properly managed. The audit opinions awarded to the municipalities bear reference to the matter. The study provided recommendations for municipalities to improve on the implementation of strategic planning and management. For instance, strategic plans need to be aligned with other municipal plans and the plans of other government spheres, namely, the provincial and national spheres of government; it is imperative that skilled personnel be appointed, the staff and councillors of a municipality must be trained and retained in order to ensure a high level of service provision; municipal capacity building should be a core element of a broader performance management strategy and all stakeholders of the municipalities should be capacitated and trained in terms of policy formulation so that they understand what is expected of them in terms of policy analysis, formulation and policy evaluation

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Somo, Tlou. "Job satisfaction amongst doctors working at rural hospitals of Waterberg District in the Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/887.

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Thesis (MBA) --University of Limpopo, 2007
If medical doctors are expected to function effectively and efficiently to provide the highest quality of care to the largest number of patients in rural hospitals, it is imperative that they derive job satisfaction from their work and thus perform well. The present study aimed to investigate whether the doctors in the target population have job satisfaction. The doctors were selected from the rural hospitals of the Waterberg District of the Limpopo Province. An exploratory qualitative research design was used, which included a self administered questionnaire enquiring about the demographic and work situation variables. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The main findings that emerged from the study were that the respondents were dissatisfied with their work environment. The most common theme that emerged was related to the bad working conditions, lack of support from management, lack of proper equipment, and the salary or incentives in proportion to the workload. These findings highlighted the issues that can be addressed by the employing organisation.

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Swanepoel, Lourens Hendrik. "Ecology and conservation of leopards, Panthera pardus, on selected game ranches in the Waterberg region, Limpopo, South Africa." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac/thesis/available/etd-11302009-220336.

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Dipela, Mmaphuti Percy. "Evaluating the effectiveness of an employee assistance programme within South African police services in the Waterberg District, Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1807.

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Thesis(M.A. (Social Work)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an Employee Assistance Programme (EAP) in South African Police services, within Lephalale Municipality, Waterberg District in Limpopo Province. The study was conducted within seven police stations. The sample comprised of 189 employees some of whom were employed in terms of the SAPS Act No. 63 of 1995 and others who were employed in terms of the Public Service Act No 103 of 1995. The sample was drawn from the population of 398 of employees using systematic random sampling method. The research approach followed in this study was quantitative and data was collected through the administration of questionnaires over a period of (8) eight days. Respondents were requested to give their experiences and understanding of the functioning of the EAP programme, awareness of the programme, satisfaction with the programme and how accessible the programme was to them. A theoretical background on the effectiveness of the Employee Assistance Programme in this study was provided through literature. In the literature, the goals, objectives and intentions of EAP were discussed. The aspects of EAP which are critical for EAP effectiveness were also explored and discussed. These include the benefits of utilising EAP, the rationale for EAP evaluation, the nature of EAP functioning in SAPS and EAP core technologies. The findings of the study are based on the one hundred and eighty nine (189) questionnaires that were returned by respondents. The findings were presented through tables and graphs and also interpreted using words. The study generally found that employees are aware of the existence of EAP within SAPS, though the utilisation rate was very low. However there is a need to improve EAP operation and strategies within SAPS to allow EAP to reach more employees. Based on the findings of the study, conclusions and recommendations were made regarding the improvement of the EAP in SAPS.

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Makhura, Machaba James. "An investigation of the causes of substance abuse by learners in the Waterberg District of Limpopo Province : a case study." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/551.

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Bandama, Foreman. "The archaeology and technology of metal production in the Late Iron Age of the Southern Waterberg, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10000.

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The inception of metallurgy in southern Africa was relatively late, compared to other regions in Africa, and as a result, this part of the sub-continent was mistakenly thought to have been less innovative during the Iron Age. On the contrary, dedicated materials analyses are showing that starting from the terminal first millennium AD, southern Africa is replete with innovations that include the growth of state systems, specialised long-distance trading, the re-melting of glass beads, the working of ivory, and the weaving of cotton using ceramic spindle whorls. Additionally, the appearance of gold and tin production, against a background of on-going iron and copper metallurgy, has been interpreted by some as intimating innovation in metal technology. While some research energy has been invested into these novelties, there has only been incidental concern with the innovation in tin and bronze production. This study investigates the context of this novelty in the metallurgy of the Southern Waterberg, an area that hosts one of the unequivocal cases of pre-colonial tin mining in southern Africa. Recent trace element studies have indicated that bronzes from several elite sites in the region, were produced using tin that was sourced from the Southern Waterberg. The current chronology from the Southern Waterberg does not capture the full tin sequence that is implicated by the trace-element analyses of tin and bronze from dated contexts elsewhere and falls short by at two centuries. To bridge this gap, the present study sought, to explore the visibility of tin production in the Southern Waterberg at sites that are contemporary with the appearance of tin and bronze in southern Africa, and to investigate how this innovation was integrated into on-going iron and copper production. Rigorous methodological and theoretical approaches that include ethno-historical, archaeological and archaeometallurgical studies were employed in order to glean relevant information required to address these issues. Ceramic typological and settlement pattern studies were used to establish the culture-historical context, while Optical Microscopy, X-ray Fluorescence Analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy of metallurgical remains were used to identify the metals and techniques that were employed. Ceramic technological studies were used to establish relationships between the metallurgy and the ceramic typological identities. The results suggest that the Southern Waterberg may have participated in the innovation of tin production in southern Africa. More research may strengthen this observation but it is entirely appropriate, in view of several metallurgical and non-metallurgical innovations that were on-going in societies throughout the region at large. Researchers now need to engage more with innovations and actively explore the various novelties that southern Africa exhibited during the Iron Age.

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Mathabatha, Margaret. "The impact of mining companies on community development in the Dilokong and Ga-Pila villages in the Sekhukhune and Waterberg Districts of Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/736.

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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2011
The impact of mining companies on community development in the Dilokong and Ga Pila villages in the Sekhukhune and Waterburg Districts of Limpopo Province has been demonstrated in many ways in this study. The mines have influenced the economic, environmental and social aspects of the Province. The study has revealed that even though mining has placed the Province on the global economic map, the reality is that often the environmental damage is hidden; this was shown by the fact that respondents reported over usage of water by mines. It is clear that the impacts both good and bad of mining begin before mines were even established and does not disappear with the closure of a mine. Mining does not have a good record of contributing to sustainable development or poverty reduction. This research has indicated that mineral extraction is neither necessary nor sufficient for sustained economic growth, and that it has not helped developing communities escape from poverty. This belief is due to the fact that the mines are not following mining charter and other related acts. In conclusion, these benefits may look good on paper, but it is difficult to gauge whether the community are really gaining from this mining projects

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Manyashi, Enoch Khomotso. "Assessment of foliar nitrogen as an indicator of vegetation stress using remote sensing : the case study of Waterberg region, Limpopo Province." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20066.

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Vegetation status is a key indicator of the ecosystem condition in a particular area. The study objective was about the estimation of leaf nitrogen (N) as an indicator of vegetation water stress using vegetation indices especially the red edge based ones, and how leaf N concentration is influenced by various environmental factors. Leaf nitrogen was estimated using univariate and multivariate regression techniques of stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and random forest. The effects of environmental parameters on leaf nitrogen distribution were tested through univariate regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Vegetation indices were evaluated derived from the analytical spectral device (ASD) data, resampled to RapidEye. The multivariate models were also developed to predict leaf N. The best model was chosen based on the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) and higher coefficient of determination (R2) values. Univariate results showed that red edge based vegetation index called MERRIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI) yielded higher leaf N estimation accuracy as compared to other vegetation indices. Simple ratio (SR) based on the bands red and near-infrared was found to be the best vegetation index for leaf N estimation with exclusion of red edge band for stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) method. Simple ratio (SR3) was the best vegetation index when red edge was included for stepwise linear regression (SMLR) method. Random forest prediction model achieved the highest leaf N estimation accuracy, the best vegetation index was Red Green Index (RGI1) based on all bands with red green index when including the red edge band. When red edge band was excluded the best vegetation index for random forest was Difference Vegetation Index (DVI1). The results for univariate and multivariate results indicated that the inclusion of the red edge band provides opportunity to accurately estimate leaf N. Analysis of variance results showed that vegetation and soil types have a significant effect on leaf N distribution with p-values<0.05. Red edge based indices provides opportunity to assess vegetation health using remote sensing techniques.
Environmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

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Viljoen, Christelle. "Faktore wat die motiveringsvlakke van die grondslagfase-onderwysers in die Waterbergdistrik van die Limpopo Provinsie beinvloed." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14262.

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Text in Afrikaans
Gemotiveerde onderwysers speel 'n belangrike rol in suksesvolle onderrig en leer. Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om faktore te identifiseer wat 'n invloed uitoefen op onderwysermotivering. 'n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsontwerp van individiduele onderhoud-voering met agt doelgerig geselekteerde deelnemers is gebruik ten einde antwoorde te kry op faktore wat „n invloed uitoefen op die motivering van grondslagfase-onderwysers. Die doelwitte van hierdie studie was ook om riglyne aan onderwysers te verskaf oor hoe om hulself te motiveer en aan skoolhoofde oor hoe om hul onderwysers te motiveer. Daar is bevind dat faktore wat 'n invloed uitoefen op die motivering van onderwysers verband hou met die spesifieke skoolomgewing, die finansiële vergoeding van onderwysers, die werksverhoudings met ander onderwysers, die invloed van ouers, die verhoudings met die skoolhoof en die gedrag van leerders. As belangrikste motiveringsfaktor geld die onderwyser se eie lewensingesteldheid wat of op 'n positiewe of negatiewe lewensuitkyk gesentreer kan wees.
Motivated teachers play an important role in successful teaching and learning. The aim of this study was to identify factors that have an influence on teacher motivation. A qualitative research design was used. Individual interviews with eight purposefully selected participants were held to get answers to the factors that have an influence on the motivation of foundation phase teachers. The aim of this study was also to give guidelines to teachers on how to motivate themselves and to school principles on how to motivate teachers. The results indicate that factors influencing the motivation of teachers have to do with the specific school environment, the financial reward of teachers, the work relationship with other teachers, the influence of parents, therelationship with the school principal and the behaviour of learners. The most important motivation factor is the teacher‟s own attitude towards lifewhichcanrepresenta positive or negative life view.
Educational Leadership and Management
M. Ed. (Onderwysbestuur)

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Manyashi, Enoch Khomotšo. "Assessment of foliar nitrogen as an indicator of vegetation stress using remote sensing : the case study of Waterberg region, Limpopo Province." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20066.

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Vegetation status is a key indicator of the ecosystem condition in a particular area. The study objective was about the estimation of leaf nitrogen (N) as an indicator of vegetation water stress using vegetation indices especially the red edge based ones, and how leaf N concentration is influenced by various environmental factors. Leaf nitrogen was estimated using univariate and multivariate regression techniques of stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and random forest. The effects of environmental parameters on leaf nitrogen distribution were tested through univariate regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Vegetation indices were evaluated derived from the analytical spectral device (ASD) data, resampled to RapidEye. The multivariate models were also developed to predict leaf N. The best model was chosen based on the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) and higher coefficient of determination (R2) values. Univariate results showed that red edge based vegetation index called MERRIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI) yielded higher leaf N estimation accuracy as compared to other vegetation indices. Simple ratio (SR) based on the bands red and near-infrared was found to be the best vegetation index for leaf N estimation with exclusion of red edge band for stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) method. Simple ratio (SR3) was the best vegetation index when red edge was included for stepwise linear regression (SMLR) method. Random forest prediction model achieved the highest leaf N estimation accuracy, the best vegetation index was Red Green Index (RGI1) based on all bands with red green index when including the red edge band. When red edge band was excluded the best vegetation index for random forest was Difference Vegetation Index (DVI1). The results for univariate and multivariate results indicated that the inclusion of the red edge band provides opportunity to accurately estimate leaf N. Analysis of variance results showed that vegetation and soil types have a significant effect on leaf N distribution with p-values<0.05. Red edge based indices provides opportunity to assess vegetation health using remote sensing techniques.
Environmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

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Sibuyi, Idon Nkhenso. "The District Health Information System (DHIS) as a support mechanism for data quality improvement in Waterberg District, Limpopo: an exploration of staff experiences." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18594.

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The purpose of this study was to explore and describe staff experiences in managing data and/or information when utilising the District Health Information System (DHIS) as a support mechanism for data quality improvement, including the strengths and weaknesses of current data management processes. It was also aimed to identify key barriers and to make recommendations on how data management can be strengthened. Key informants included in this study were those based at the district office (health programme managers and information officers) and at the primary health care (PHC) facilities (facility managers, clinical nurse practitioners and data capturers). An exploratory, descriptive and generic qualitative study was conducted. Consent was requested from each participant. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The study findings highlighted strengths, weaknesses and key barriers as experienced by the staff. Strengths, such as having data capturers and DHIS software at most if not all facilities, were highlighted. The weaknesses and key barriers highlighted were staff shortages of both clinical and health management information staff (HMIS), shortage of resources such as computers and Internet access, poor feedback, training needs and data quality issues. Most of the weaknesses and key barriers called for further and proper implementation of the District Health Management Information Systems (DHMIS) policy, the standard operating procedures (SOP), the eHealth strategy and training of the staff, due to the reported gaps between the policy and the reality and/or practice at the facility
Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health with specialisation in Medical Informatics)

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Huthmann, Florian Marius. "The Waterberg project, Limpopo province, South Africa." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25764.

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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2018
The Waterberg deposit is located north of the Northern Lobe of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa and represents a large, high-grade, new platinum-group element (PGE) discovery. The northeast-oriented lobate arc of ma c to ultrama c rocks extends 24 km from the previously known outcrop of Bushveld rocks. Laser ablation ICP-MS zircon U/Pb geochronology has returned ages of 2059 ± 3 and 2053 ± 5 Ma for the intrusion, ages that are within error of previously published ages for the Bushveld Complex of 2.056 Ga. It is therefore proven that the Bushveld Complex extends further to the north than previously thought. Based on laser ablation ICP-MS zircon U/Pb geochronology, detrital zircons extracted from the sedimentary rocks unconformably overlying the succession have a maximum depositional age of 2045 Ma and abundant peaks of Archean age. It may be argued that the Bushveld Complex now reaching to the Palala Shear Zone to the north indicates that assembly of the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe Cratons only took place around 2.0 Ga. In detail, theWaterberg succession consists of a basal Ultrama c Sequence of harzburgite and feldspathic pyroxenite, overlain by the Troctolite-Gabbronorite-Anorthosite Sequence and locally Upper Zone, comprising magnetite gabbronorite and gabbro. Logging and geochemical data demonstrate that all samples represent ultrama c to gabbroic cumulate rocks dominated by varying proportions of olivine, plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and orthopyroxene. Mineralization occurs in the T and F Zones located just below the Upper Zone and in the Ultrama c Sequence, respectively. The Waterberg Project is an outstanding discovery with an indicated mineral resource of 25 Moz Pt+Pd+Rh+Au. Detailed geochemistry for the the lower mineralized F-Zone of the deposit indicates that although the Northern Lobe and the Waterberg Project share many geochemical features, there are also signi cant di erences. Sr isotopic data for plagioclase of the succession are di erent from values reported for the Northern Lobe of the Bushveld Complex. Together with geochemical data, the isotopic analyses suggest that a separate magmatic basin exists in the far northern Bushveld Complex. That is, although both intrusions are roughly coeval, the Waterberg succession was at least partially separated from the Northern Lobe and evolved independently. In summary, the Waterberg Project represents a highly mineralized Bushveld Complex-age succession sharing geological characteristics with the Northern Lobe. There are also clear di erences, however, and the two areas cannot be directly linked. Therefore, the project area is interpreted to represent a separate magmatic basin from the Northern Lobe, that is likely to include the rocks at the very northern end of the Northern Lobe of the Bushveld Complex. The results of this work have been published in four scienti c articles and presented at four academic conferences.
MT 2018

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Henning, Barend Johannes. "The relevance of ecosystems to ecotourism in the Waterberg Biosphere Reserve." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27503.

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Sebola, Mandy-Jane Tlou. "Weathering of coals from the Waterberg and Limpopo Coalfields, South Africa." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26054.

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A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Master of Science in Geology in The Faculty of Science at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. 31 May 2018
This study investigated the effects of weathering on coal from the Waterberg and Limpopo Coalfields with the aim to understand how the quality of these coals changed during the early stages of oxidative weathering under dry and wet conditions. Coal was sampled from freshly exposed seams in both coalfields to provide, as best as possible, an un-weathered parent sample from which the extent of weathering could be determined. The Middle Seam was sampled from the Limpopo Coalfield whereas Benches 3, 5, 9B and 11 were sampled from the Waterberg Coalfield. This suite of samples enabled investigation into the impact of weathering on coals with similar properties but originating from different localities (Waterberg Coalfield vs Limpopo Coalfield), as well as coal with different properties originating from the same locality (Benches 3, 5, 9B and 11). Furthermore, the impact of weathering was studied on the coking properties (Middle Seam vs Bench 3) and heating properties using thermal coal (Bench 5). The experiment was conducted over a duration of six months during which a subset of the samples from each coalfield was kept dry in perforated containers, whilst the remaining samples were frequently watered to simulate the effect of rainfall under controlled settings. The particle size of the samples was reduced to -1mm to enhance the surface area for a more rapid reaction. Thereafter the samples were left to weather outdoors, on the roof of a building at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. The average temperature conditions affecting the samples during the research period ranged between 9.40-27.23 °C. Several conventional coal analyses (proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, coal petrography, XRF & XRD) were used in conjunction with advanced techniques (EMPA, FE-SEM & Raman spectroscopy) to detect early signs of weathering on the organic and inorganic coal constituents. The impact of weathering on technological properties of the coal samples were investigated using calorific value, thermogravimetry and free swelling index. After six months of weathering, very small changes were observed in the coal quality due to weathering. The chemical and petrographic composition of the coals remained relatively unaffected by weathering, whereas the mineral matter and swelling properties of the coals were more susceptible to weathering under wet conditions. The alteration of minerals was more evident in the samples that were watered throughout the experiment, irrespective of their original locality. These samples were characterized by the precipitation of gypsum on the surface of the wet coals, as well as the appearance of red calcite grains. Analysis of the red calcite grains revealed rare growth rims associated with the precipitation of siderite. Although the findings of the thermogravimetric analysis suggested that the reactivity of the thermal coal had been slightly reduced by weathering (especially by weathering under wet conditions), the CV trend for this coal did not appear to be impaired. Hence, the effect of weathering on the heating properties of this sample are inconclusive. Ultimately, after 6 months of exposure to weathering the quality of the coals remained very similar to their fresh parent samples. However, the swelling properties of the coking coals from each coalfield were diminished. Therefore, caution is advised for the stockpiling of the coking coals outdoors, which should not exceed longer than 4-6 months, especially in the case of the Waterberg coking coal.
LG2018

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Mare, Leonie Pauline. "A paleomagnetic study of selected formations in the Waterberg Group, South Africa." Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24149.

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A palaeomagnetic study of the Waterberg Group (Jones and McElhinny, 1967) did not find a consistent direction. However, a pattern was identified and interpreted in terms of apparent polar wander during the deposition and consolidation of the Waterberg sediments. These pole positions indicated that the Waterberg Group sedimentation commenced during emplacement of the Bushveld Complex, and intermittently continued through numerous tectonic events in the pre-existing Transvaal Basin to just before the Umkondo thermal event. The Swaershoek Formation as the basal unit of the Waterberg Group in the Nylstroom Protobasin has been tentatively correlated with the Wilge River Formation in the Middelburg Basin. A palaeomagnetic study has been conducted on the Swaershoek and Wilge River Formations in an attempt to redetermine the palaeomagnetic pole positions for these two Formations and to confirm the said geological correlation. A total of 49 sites across both basins were sampled, both within the sediments as well as in the associated diabase intrusions. Despite generally weak results, the calculated pole positions for the Swaershoek Formation (37.1° S, 335.9° E and A95:17.4°) and the Wilge River Formation (31.9° S, 332.7° E and A95: 20.5°) correlate very well, thereby confirming the association made between these two formations. The intrusive diabase in both basins was sampled to test for thermal overprinting of the calculated pole positions of the sediments. Although the calculated pole position for the diabase intrusion in the Nylstroom Protobasin (63.3° S, 233.2° E and A95: 14.2°). These two poles correlate very well with previous studies on post-Waterberg diabase (Jones and McElhinny, 1966) as well as on the Umkondo diabase (McElhinny and Opdyke, 1964). The pole positions from the Waterberg sediments and associated diabase are sufficiently displaced from each other to rule out any overprinting by these intrusions. Recent results from the Blouberg area (Bumby et al., 2001) indicate the Soutpansberg Group to be younger than the Waterberg Group. In an attempt to refine the Apparent Polar Wander Path (APWP) for the middle Proterozoic, another 6 sites from the Mogalakwena Formation (Waterberg Group) were sampled. Bumby et al. (2001) suggested that the Mogalakwena Formation pre-date the Wyllies Poort Formation (Soutpansberg Group). The calculated pole position for the Mogalakwena Formation was very weak, but correlated fairly well with a pole position (Group 2, McElhinny, 1968) from the Wyllies Poort Formation in the Soutpansberg Group. The location of the Mogalakwena Formation pole (36.1° S, 207.3° E and A95: 27.6°) on the APWP for Southern African confirms the Waterberg Group to be older than the Soutpansberg Group.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Geology
unrestricted

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Mogoane, Olivia Mahlatse. "Experiences and challenges faced by adolescents from divorced famalies in the Waterberg District, Limpopo." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/428.

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Thesis (M.A.(Social Work))--University of Limpopo, 2010
This research study was inspired by the rise in the number of adolescents who have been charged with misdemeanor. Most of these adolescents came from dysfunctional families. The greater pool research focused on the consequences of divorce on younger children. However, adolescents may be one of the neediest age groups because the divorce experience interacts with the complex developmental changes with which adolescents must cope. Adolescents from divorced families may experience challenges with bodily changes and adjustment to these changes due to a lack of support from both parents. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and challenges faced by adolescents from divorced families. It was qualitative in nature. A non-probability purposive sampling was employed to select 10 custodial parents who participated. The snowball sampling was utilised to select the 20 adolescents from divorced families. The adolescents‟ ages ranged from 13 to 18 years. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the help of a semi-structured interview schedule to gather information from all the respondents. The research questions focused on the adolescents‟ feelings and reactions toward parental divorce. The findings indicate that most adolescents despite understanding the reasons for their parents‟ divorce became overwhelmed by the experience. They became withdrawn and some had to mature early and, therefore, lost out on the opportunity to enjoy their childhood. Their education was also disrupted due to their pre-occupation with a variety of needs such as fitting well into peer groups, seeking family security and stressfree relationships with their custodial, non-custodial parents, as well as their siblings. An analysis of these experiences and challenges has provided insight for future intervention programmes to help prevent more serious adjustment problems. It has also exposed the need for awareness raising and expedite provision of therapeutic services to families experiencing divorce. It is hoped that this information will stimulate social workers and other members of the helping professions to enlist their support for children of all ages from broken families. The plight of children from divorced families needs school social workers as they would assist with early identification of children with psycho-social needs as well as providing the necessary professional assistance. If social workers could be deployed at schools they would design intervention programmes to suit the needs of such children. Based on the major findings of the study, the following hypotheses were developed:  If both parents could inform their children of the impending divorce at a level appropriate for each child, children would less likely be traumatised by parental divorce. If parents and adolescents could be provided with post divorce counseling they would alleviate long term emotional complications. If adolescents find their custodial parents to have adjusted well to the divorce they would not be overburdened by the responsibility of taking care of their parents and siblings‟ well-being and, therefore, would focus on their own development.

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Letshokgohla, Motlatso Elias. "Evaluation of the MEC's poverty-alleviation programme in the Waterberg District of the Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/7444.

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Background: In 2003, the Limpopo Department of Health and Social Development introduced a system to train students from poor families as auxiliary nurses as a poverty-alleviation strategy in the province. The programme was aimed at targeting the needy: those who depended on social grants for a living, were orphaned or who headed a family. Five years have passed but no formal evaluation has been done to estimate the impact of the programme. Objective: To evaluate the self-reported impact of auxiliary nursing training of youth from poor families in the Waterberg District on alleviation of their poverty Methodology: A cross-sectional study design using an anonymous structured questionnaire. The study population included 200 auxiliary nurses trained through the programme from 2003 to date. Results: This research found conclusive evidence that the poverty alleviation project in the Limpopo Province has significantly improved the economic conditions of the beneficiaries such as number of rooms in their houses, type of houses, type of floors, refuse collection, indoor water supply, indoor flash toilet, household assets, access to water and wood, number of meals, transport and domestic workers. This study also found positive changes in family income, bank and other accounts. This study shows significant changes in asset indicator scores after respondents had joined the programme. Conclusion: This is the first study to systematically evaluate a poverty alleviation programme in South Africa. Hopefully, both the Department of Finance and the Department of Health and Social Development in the Limpopo Province would utilise the findings of this study to review and to improve other poverty alleviation programmes in the Waterberg District and the Province.

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Tjale, Malose Moses. "Intervention strategy for improving livelihoods of restituted farm beneficiaries in Waterberg District of Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1294.

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PhDRDV
Institute for Rural Development
Land reform programmes have been implemented to address challenges of inequality in land ownership and poverty in many countries worldwide. They provide the poor people with important livelihood opportunities, such as livestock rearing, crop production and game farming in many rural areas. The government of South Africa, through the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform (DRDLR) allocated various farms through the restitution programme to deal with unemployment, poverty, unsustainable livelihoods, shortage of skills and inequality challenges. This study focused on the restituted farm beneficiaries in Waterberg District. This was informed by the fact that since these farms were restituted, the majority of the farm beneficiary’s livelihoods have not significantly changed. A transformative sequential mixed method design was applied in this study in order to enable beneficiaries define their own issues and seek solutions. This involved concurrent collection of both quantitative and qualitative data; a stratified random sampling method was used to select 474 respondents. Qualitative data was collected using Interview guides, photo-voice and focus group discussions mainly from key informants- traditional leaders and the Ward Councillors. Two focus group discussion were held with the key informants and an observation was also used to collect qualitative data from the farmers. The data were analysed using ATLAS. ti version 7.5.7 and Thematic Content Analysis. The quantitative data was collected using a survey questionnaire and the Geographical Information System (GIS) approach to provide trends of the farm production. Remote sensing analysis was used to determine farm production performance of these restituted farms while the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS version 25) was used for computing descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation. The data indicated that farm production has declined since occupation of farms by the farm beneficiaries from 1995 to 2015. The decline has negatively affected the livelihoods of farm beneficiaries since more than half (61.6 %) indicated difficulties in effective operation of the farm due to lack of markets. About 64% of the farm beneficiaries have not been trained in farming. From 1995 to 2015, most of the restituted farms have lacked markets for their produce due to poor production arising from lack of funds to manage the farms. This has impeded beneficiaries from receiving any benefits, in terms of income or employment. Generally, the study concluded that there were no changes in the socio-economic status of the farm beneficiaries in the Waterberg District because most of the farms are not being utilised. The study recommends that the sector Department and private organizations should work together in ways, such as assisting the farm beneficiaries with capacity building, developing marketing strategy for the farm produce, with funds and infrastructure to improve production. With respect to farm performance satisfaction, the majority (77.2 %) of the farm beneficiaries were not satisfied with the restituted farms. Their benefits in terms of human development, financial, social and physical capitals had not changed as the majority (83.3 %) said there are no improvements in terms of salaries or wages. They claim that their livelihoods have remained the same because the farms are not operational due to lack of basic farming skills and conflicts. Agricultural Extension Advisors, Councillors, Traditional leaders and officials from DRDLR confirmed that production levels have declined because the land was transferred to people with no basic training in farming; most (54 %) of the respondents confirmed that the beneficiaries, therefore utilise only a portion of the farms. It is imperative, thus, to ensure that production on the restituted farms is enhanced to improve the areas, such as social, financial, human and physical capital. A three-pronged intervention strategy was, therefore, developed to help restituted farm beneficiaries in Waterberg District to improve their livelihoods, emancipate themselves from poverty and ultimately contribute to the National Development Plan of South Africa. The developed strategy is anchored on three key factors: the need for thorough assessment by the government on the farm beneficiary’s level of commitment to the farm prior to farm allocation and funding, need to incorporate new experts in agricultural economics and agricultural engineers into the restituted farms personnel and the need to decentralize the services of mentors and agricultural extension advisors at District and local Municipalities.
NRF

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Dladla, Cindy Nolungiselelo. "Factors contributing to non-compliance to pulmonary tuberculosis treatment among patients in Waterberg District Limpopo Province." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/9268.

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The purpose of this study was to identify factors contributing to non-compliance to TB treatment amongst pulmonary TB patients in Waterberg district, Limpopo. The health-belief model was the conceptual framework which guided this study. A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study design was used. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire administered by trained data collectors. Data was collected from 215 respondents. Informed consent was obtained from each respondent prior to data collection. MS Excel and SPSS were used to analyse data. Findings on significant factors contributing to noncompliance to TB treatment include; non-availability of food whilst taking TB treatment, disbelief in the fact that TB can result in death if not treated, belief in traditional medicine for curing TB, bad healthcare worker attitudes, long distance to the clinic for treatment, belief that TB treatment takes very long and the pill burden
Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)

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Somnath, Pushpakanthi. "An analysis of the tracking systems used for patients with Tuberculosis in Limpopo Province." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18827.

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The purpose of this study was to analyse the tracking systems used to identify patients with tuberculosis who missed a clinic appointment at primary health care facilities in Waterberg District. A quantitative descriptive correlation design was used to determine if there was an association between the tracking systems used and the defaulter rates. Data was collected using a questionnaire with nurses from 46 primary health care facilities, defaulter rates were accessed from the ETR.Net and the two sets of data were correlated. The results showed that the blue folder yielded the lowest mean defaulter rate while the green card yielded the highest mean defaulter rate. Nurses were unaware of the true defaulter rate in their facilities as they underestimated these rates. They therefore did not implement relevant intervention strategies to recall patients or find ways to improve the tracking systems used to reduce the defaulter rate in their health facilities.
Health Studies
M.A. (Health Studies)

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Mukhovha, Charlotte Raesetsa. "The influence of unemployement on parenting skills in the Waterberg district of the Limpopo Province." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29346.

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Unemployment is a worldwide issue which is one of the toughest challenges that South Africa is facing. It has become a social problem because it has an impact on a large number of people. Unemployment has a serious impact on parents’ dignity and affects his/her emotional and socio-economic status, as he/she cannot function effectively. In the view of the above, the goal of the study was to investigate the influence of unemployment on parenting skills in the Waterberg District of the Limpopo Province. The research question that guided the study was: What is the influence of unemployment on parenting skills in the Waterberg District of the Limpopo Province? A qualitative, explorative research study was conducted, with the following objectives:

To theoretically conceptualize unemployment as a social problem and the family as a social system.
To empirically investigate the influence of unemployment on parenting skills in the Waterberg District of the Limpopo Province.
To make recommendations, based on the results of the study, regarding strategies to help unemployed parents to enhance their parenting skills.

The population of this study was all the black parents who were at least three years unemployed, who were between the ages of 25 – 50 years, parents who had children of school going age, stayed in an informal settlement in the Waterberg District and who were registered clients of the Department of Health and Social Department (DHSD) during the period January 2003 – June 2006. A sample of 10 respondents was selected by using a combination of stratified and simple random sampling to represent the population. The five sub-district offices in the Waterberg District were regarded as strata and from each stratum two respondents were selected randomly. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews guided by a schedule with a set of predetermined questions. The main conclusions drawn from the research findings were that parents expressed negative feelings about their unemployed situation and that they experienced a lack of certain parenting skills namely: communication, decision making, problem solving and conflict management. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were made regarding strategies to help unemployed parents to enhance their parenting skills.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Social Work and Criminology
unrestricted

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Maponya, Naume Mapaseka. "Economic efficiency of table grape production in Waterberg and Sekhukhune Districts, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3485.

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Thesis (M.Sc. (Agricultural Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020
Table grape production plays an important role in the economy of many countries in Africa. It serves as a source of income for people who are engaged in its production and being one of the fields that is labour-intensive, thereby providing employment for many people. The aim of this study was to analyse economic efficiency of table grape production in Waterberg and Sekhukhune districts of Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study used primary data collected from semi-structured questionnaires. A sampling technique called snowball, was used in the study as this method assisted in getting those farmers that were not easily accessible. The analytical tools employed to analyse data included descriptive statistics and Stochastic Frontier Model. Findings from the study revealed that the average age of table grape farmers was 47 years. On average, household size for table grape farmers was found to be 5 members. Also, findings revealed that table grape farmers on average had a farming experience of 16 years. Average household income was found to be R47 600, 00. Furthermore, the study revealed that the average years of schooling for the table grape farmers was 15 years and only 67% of these farmers have acquired a tertiary educational level, while 33% have acquired secondary educational level. In terms of efficiency, farming experience (P<0,00), educational level (P<0,05) household size (P<0,10) and age of farmer (P<0,10) were associated with increased efficiency as they were found to be significant at 1%, 5% and 10% confidence level. The findings also revealed that quantity of grapes produced was positively influenced by Farm size (P<0,00), labour (P<0,00), pesticides used (P<0,05) , extension services (P<0,05) and fertilisers (P<0,05). Technical efficiency among farmers was found to range from 0.8 to 1, with a mean of 0.89, thus this indicated possibility of improvement in production. However, the allocative efficiency was found to range from 0.47 to 1, with a mean of 0.68, this clearly indicated that some farmers were finding it difficult to allocate their resources efficiently. On the other hand, it was found that economic efficiency ranged from 0.56 to 1, with a mean of 0.73, this indicated that most of the farmers were economically efficient. Meanwhile, some of the constraints faced by the table grape farmers included high electricity bills and labour costs, as such the introduction of prepaid electricity in the farms could reduce the strain they go through. Based on the findings from the study, it was recommended that, since the production of grapes is a male-dominated enterprise, women and youth should also participate. Participation could be encouraged through provision of learnership skills on the farms.

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Mashudu, Mbedzi Melton. "An evaluation of the effectiveness of the nurse-initiated- and managed antiretroviral treatment (NIMART) programme, Waterberg District, Limpopo Province." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/344.

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Mamaregane, Dihlolelo Vivian. "An evaluation of the implementation of vitamin a supplementation protocol in health institutions in Mookgophong Municipality: a case study of Waterberg District." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/239.

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28

Malebatja, Samuel Mashao. "Knowledge and practices of health care workers on medical waste disposal at George Masebe Hospital, Waterberg District, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1745.

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Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016
Introduction The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge and practices of health care workers on medical waste disposal at George Masebe Hospital, Waterberg District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Method A cross sectional study was conducted and simple random sampling was used to select participants. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire which where total of 141 participants were sampled using the Slovin formula. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Version 22 and both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to answer the study objectives. Results The study shows that 43% of the respondents had good knowledge on medical waste disposal, 13% were not sure and 44% had insufficient knowledge. Forty nine percent (49%) of the respondents practiced safe medical waste disposal, 4, 3% were moderate in practice and 46, 1% had insufficient practice in place. There was no statistical significant relationship between knowledge and practice of medical waste disposal control measures of health care workers. Conclusion The study concluded that knowledge of the respondents on medical waste disposal was insufficient, there were satisfactory medical waste practices and there was no relationship between knowledge and practice.

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Modiba, Reshoketswe Mokgadi. "Compliance to radiation safety standards by radiographers and dental professionals in Waterberg District Hospitals, Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1369.

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Thesis (MPH. ) --University of Limpopo, 2014
This dissertation reports on findings from a qualitative research that sought to investigate adherence and compliance to radiation safety protocols by radiographers and dental professionals in the Waterberg District. The study also sought to determine the knowledge the participants had on the chronic ill-effects of occupational exposure to radiation, safety protocols and their professional experience in dealing with occupational exposure to radiation. Altogether 60 participants from 8 health institutions in the Waterberg district took part in the study. They were compromised of males and females with ages ranging from 22-60 years. The response rate was 75% (n=45/60). The empirical data of the study shows a consistent yet disconcerting pattern among practitioners about safety compliance, safety protocols and their understanding of long term effect of occupational exposure to radiation. Despite their impressive knowledge of X-rays being a source of ionizing radiation, the level of their understanding of ill-effects thereof was of great concern. The general failure by both professionals in complying with the most basic safety protocols is worrisome. In a nutshell, yet some of the practitioners were found to be greatly exposed to radiation, their daily practices were found not consistent with procedures dictated by the guidelines on the use of medical X-ray equipment. Overall, only 59% of radiographers always wore their dosimeters, a basic monitoring and protective tool to measure their radiation exposure. In the study, only 38% of the dentists were found to be compliant and overwhelmingly alluded this to their employers being unable to supply them with crucial protective clothing, a finding that the researcher cannot dispute as indicated in the responses by the two groups. The failure of the employer in enforcing monitoring and assuring safety to the employees, patients and the general public emerged from this study. Various non-compliance patterns could be attributed to the participants and others to the employer. Protocols as clearly stipulated in R1332 of Hazardous Substance Act 15 of 1973 and other guidelines are not adhered to.

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Mutero, Adwell. "Issues of school governance within the transformative paradigm : exploring parental involvement in Waterberg District." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13719.

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The concept of parental involvement has been viewed as an ideal style of leadership and management for school development purposes. In South Africa’s case, it is an educational policy which is expected to reign in all school management bodies. Many theorists envisaged parental involvement as enhancing active involvement of parents and it has been advocated by many scholars who believe it is the best leadership style in implementing democratic values to education, particularly South African rural education, which is still in a transitional stage. The primary purpose of this research was to investigate the extent to which parents contribute towards education of their children. This study involved transformative case study as a research design at one rural school in Waterberg district in South Africa. This research employed three data collection techniques, namely semi-structured interviews, focus groups and document analysis. When formal education was introduced in South Africa schools it was regarded as exceptional environment for teachers, school administrators and learners. To a large extent, parents and the communities regarded themselves as something outside of the education system. The main findings of this study revealed that there is a lack of joint understanding and shared vision between educators and parents in the School Governing Body. This problem underpins other more symptomatic problems, such as lack of accountability in the matter of school finances, differences in understanding the roles of School Board members and lack of parents’ motivation from the school management. It highlighted some of the challenges that hinder the effective involvement of parents in rural school governance, such as poor educational background among parents. The study has also revealed challenges and consequences of non-parental involvement in school governance. The conclusion that could be drawn from the study is that in schools where parent-community involvement is highly visible, teacher effectiveness is apparent and this contributed significantly to the improvement of learner performance while in schools where parent-community involvement is non-existent or minimal, the result is the opposite.
Educational Leadership and Management
M. Ed. (Education Management)

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Kekana, Matipa Johannah. "The nutritional status of children less than 5 years receiving child support grant in Mogalakwena Municipality, Waterberg District, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1097.

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MSCPNT
Department of Nutrition
Objectives: The study objectives were to determine demographic and environmental factors that can affect nutritional status of children receiving CSG, to assess the nutritional knowledge of caregivers, to determine the proportion of CSG spent on food and to determine the nutritional quality of food bought from CSG. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive with an analytical component Subjects: PCG of children under the age of 5 receiving CSG in Mogalakwena Municipality. 189 caregiver-child pairs were interviewed, in their households. Methods: Data collected by the interviewer included demographic data, Use of CSG, nutritional knowledge and the HHFI and anthropometric measurements were done by a 3rd year Nutrition student. Results: About 36.5% of participants were in the age 26-35 years, 75.7% were unmarried, 84.1% were unemployed and 72% had no matric. Mean age for children studied was 2.84±1.33, 77.8% of participants stayed in a household of more than 5 people. In terms of types of housing, 56% had formal houses, 55% had access to pit latrines and 52.9% used communal taps to access water, 41.3% used electricity for energy while 23.3% used wood to stretch the availability of electricity. Mean CSG received was R386.22 ±R208.75. Majority of participants (56.1%) indicated that CSG supports the whole family and 64.6% of the families depended solely on CSG for survival, while 27% of families had elderly people receiving pension grant which was supplementing the CSG. The CSG was used for different items, majority of families used 94.2% of the money for food at a mean of R171.55±159.25, followed by toiletry (71.6%) at a mean R61.89±69.24, then clothing (68.9%) at a mean of R70.77±97.14. Stokvel was also mentioned as one of the items contributed for by CSG, 32.3% of participants used more than R50.00 for stokvel. Different food items were purchased using CSG, 80.5 % of the money was used to purchase starchy food, mealie meal being the highest commodity at 43.7%. Offal (35.8%) was the highest protein source purchased followed by poultry at 26.4% and soya soup at 20%. Potatoes (19.6%) were mentioned as the most purchased vegetable, followed by cabbage (14.8%). There was a 53.5% of prevalence of stunting, of this 19.6% of children were severely xiii stunted, 5.3% underweight, and 32.3% of wasting. There were 22.1 % of PCG who were overweight and 12.1% were obese. The PCG BMI was negatively associated with WAZ (r= -0.48, p=0.515). There was a positive association between PCG BMI and HAZ (r=0.103, p=0.158), however when caregivers BMI was correlated to BAZ the association was strongly negatively significant (r=0.206, p=0.004). Most PCG received nutrition education from relatives, 71.1% were never educated on nutrition, 57.9% of children were fed 3X/ day. Conclusion: It is apparent from the study that malnutrition, precisely stunting is still a problem in South Africa, however this does not disregard the impact that CSG has on the lives of the poor. It affords the families to access basic needs in the household such as food, toiletry, electricity and even stokvel. The role of nutritionists/ dieticians is paramount in helping mothers to choose healthier economic food for the children in order to curb the burden of malnutrition.
NRF

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Van, der Ryst Maria Magdalena. "Seeking shelter: Later Stone Age hunters, gatherers and fishers of Olieboomspoort in the western Waterberg, south of the Limpopo." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/5742.

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The Olieboomspoort (OBP) shelter is central to this reconstruction of the Later Stone Age (LSA) history in the lowlands of the Limpopo in the Waterberg. The archaeological excavations were undertaken to answer questions that arose during previous research conducted on the plateau. OBP was clearly an important place in the landscape over time. Preliminary excavations established a sequence of occupations that began with the apparent intermittent use of the shelter by Early Stone Age people who left some of their large cutting tools on what is now bedrock. Subsequently, during the many thousands of years that humans frequented OBP during the Middle Stone Age (MSA), they brought in enormous quantities of lithics. OBP is cited for the remarkably large assemblages of ochre recovered from the MSA contexts (Mason 1962, 1988; Volman 1984; Watts 1998, 2002; Mitchell 2002; Wadley 2005a), but my recent research demonstrates a similar focus on the collection of haematite and ochre during the more recent periods. Such iron oxides feature prominently during ritual activities and in symbolic behaviour of modern hunter-gatherers and it is likely that they also did so in the past. The Holocene occupational sequence is extensive, but my excavations and analyses focussed on the last 2000 years of complex LSA history. Apart from the remarkably large lithic assemblage and many thousands of ostrich eggshell beads and blanks produced at OBP, favourable preservation conditions resulted in the recovery of a wide range of tool types made from organic materials, as well as a representative assemblage of macroscopic plant taxa. The data are used to demonstrate how the formal spaces were differentially structured over time by multi-band clusters and small hearth groups to meet their particular social and economic requirements. The differential use of space through time, and the spatial distributions of the different classes of material remains and waste, are explored by using a model of unconstrained cluster analysis (UCA) (Whallon 1984). As the OBP deposits are palimpsests of repeated visits, the UCA, which defines broad boundaries within distinct clustering, detailed general trends in behaviour and site use, and highlighted how the use of shelter space changed when only nuclear groups frequented OBP during the more recent period. Data from the last 2000 years of occupation at OBP chronicle some of the responses of the hunter-gatherers to rapid change in the area as a result of advancing social, economic and political frontiers. The two main pulses of intensification at approximately 2000 BP and again at 1500 BP correspond to the movement of herders and African farmers into the lowlands of the Waterberg. OBP remained a central venue for the aggregation of multi-band groups for more than a thousand years before and during the initial contact period. During these alliance visits, diverse socio-economic activities resulted in the deposition of a rich lithic and non-lithic assemblage. The lithic assemblage is characteristic of classic Wilton. Cryptocrystalline silicas and quartz crystals were the preferred materials used to produce a comprehensive range of formal microliths, and felsites featured prominently in the production of larger tool types. Demographic changes following on contact are underscored by marked changes in site use. Over the last few hundred years the incremental decrease in the production of all classes of subsistence goods reflects social disintegration. In as much as there are evidently continuities in the material culture, the markedly lower frequencies of the lithics and a sharp decrease in the production of decorative items such as ostrich eggshell beads make it likely that only nuclear groups continued to frequent the shelter. Changes in site use, intrusive economic elements, and the production of the different rock arts suggest some fundamental transformations in the economic and ideational landscape. On the Waterberg Plateau similar post-contact changes were evident in the archaeological assemblages. The Waterberg Mountain Bushveld of the plateau cannot support such a large and varied animal biomass as the Limpopo Sweet Bushveld (Estes 1991; Low & Rebelo 1998; Driver et al. 2005; Skinner & Chimimba 2005), and the intensive occupation of this region from approximately 800 years ago parallelled the movement of farming communities onto the plateau. The archaeological data as well as historic documents emphasise that huntergatherers participated in complex interaction networks. The expansion of indigenous farmer settlements ultimately enforced the displacement of many of the hunter-gatherers, whereas others were incorporated into farmer polities. Contemporary lithic assemblages on the Waterberg Plateau are characteristic of the post-classic Wilton stone tool technology, and felsite and quartz crystals were the preferred raw materials. Whereas the composition of the archaeological assemblages of the lowlands and plateau corresponds broadly, the differential use of raw materials, a broader range of subsistence tools and decorative items, and much higher frequencies of all tool types at OBP demonstrate the central position of this locality within the hunter-gatherer landscape. The environment not only provided sustenance, but OBP became a social space with real meaning linked to the identities of the people who frequented the locality over thousands of years. The regional differentiation found within the Waterberg is parallelled by the sequences in the Soutpansberg (Van Doornum 2005) where similar differential use of a particular environment underscores the diversity and complexity evident in hunter-gatherer lifestyles.At OBP a representative assemblage of African farmer ceramics and a markedly larger collection of Bambata ceramics also contrast with sites on the plateau where mostly Eiland farmer pottery and a few sherds of Bambata were present. The ceramic sequence contains a particularly fine collection of the enigmatic Bambata, the stylistic origins of which are addressed in the discussion. The identities of the users and makers of the distinctive densely decorated and thin-walled early ceramics collectively known as Bambata have not yet been resolved. Whereas the paintings certainly indicate the presence of herders on the landscape, it is not clear whether they or the African farmers introduced the Bambata to the huntergatherers who were indisputably using most of the ceramics, as suggested by their continued presence and production of lithic and non-lithic assemblages at OBP. There is also a full complement of the local Early to Late African farmer pottery traditions of Happy Rest, Eiland, Broadhurst, and Icon/Moloko. The San, herder and indigenous farmer paintings, which are representative of the regional sequences, illustrate the continuing central role of OBP. Rock art is widely recognized to reflect religious beliefs and social concerns. The San rock art also served as a medium through which power relations were negotiated between first peoples and newcomers. The region is a renowned repository of rock art. The different arts and their contents complement the findings based on the excavations and the vast body of southern African ethnography. The data are applied to explore how OBP served as an arena where people with different world views and customs performed their ritual and social practices. Historical documents on the Waterberg confirm the archaeological data that suggest a gradual disintegration of hunter-gatherer organisation, and their ultimate displacement to the fringes of African farmer and colonist polities. Small dispersed groups of hunter-gatherers continued to wander through the lowlands of the Limpopo or withdrew to areas where they felt safe from oppression. Some moved across the border to Botswana and into the Kalahari. The remainder were gradually incorporated into farmer societies through intermarriage or as subordinates, living either at farmer villages or in their own small settlements. Today very few traces of the Waterberg hunters, gatherers and fishers remain apart from some corrupted names of places where they once lived.

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Phala, Raesibe Nelvia. "Using an inferential model to estimate dry deposition of SO2 and NOX (as NO2) in Lephalale in the Waterberg-Bojanala priority area." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/19339.

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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science June 2015
Lephalale is the home of Matimba, one of Eskom’s coal-fired power stations. Matimba is the biggest power station with a dry cooling system in the world. There are other industries (including coal mines) currently in operation in close proximity to the station. This industrial area is expected to grow as more industrial activities are planned for the following years. These activities will aggravate the levels of air pollution and possibly result in it being a “hot spot” for air pollution. The impact of air quality on health is covered by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), but the impact of air quality on the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem is not known. Therefore, this study focuses on the deposition of nitrogen oxides (NOx) (as nitrogen dioxide (NO2)) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) within Lephalale in the Waterberg-Bojanala Priority Area. Additionally, inter-annual variability of NOx and SO2 ambient concentrations and back trajectories of air masses were analysed. The study obtained ambient air quality data and meteorological data from Eskom for the period 2008–2012, while additional meteorological data were obtained from the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) and the South African Weather Service (SAWS). An inferential model was used to estimate the dry deposition flux of SO2 and NOx (as NO2), and the Hybrid Single Particle Langrangian Integrated Trajectory (Hysplit) Model was used to cluster back trajectories of air masses. The results of the seasonal dry deposition velocities of SO2 (0.17 to 0.23 cm/s) and NOx (0.10 to 0.15 cm/s) (as NO2) were higher in summer and lower in winter. They were also within the magnitude of the deposition velocities found in previous studies in the Highveld. The high deposition velocities in summer were attributed to photosynthetically active vegetation, turbulence and solar radiation. However, seasonal dry deposition fluxes of SO2 and NOx were higher in winter across the years. The higher flux values in winter were attributed to higher ambient concentrations of the trace gases. Additionally, the annual dry deposition flux of SO2 ranged between 0.43 and 0.67 kg S ha-1 yr-1, while NOx (as NO2) ranged between 0.84 and 1.05 kg N ha-1 yr-1 over the period studied. The annual deposition flux values found in the current study are lower than those found in previous studies in the Highveld. This difference could be because of the lower ambient concentrations of SO2 and NOx observed in this study. There is an inter-annual variability of the ambient concentrations of SO2 and NOx during the period 2008–2012. However, the difference is not large or statistically significant. The dominant direction of the back trajectories of air masses is east and southeast across all seasons for the entire period of 2008–2012. This lack of seasonal pattern in back trajectories and source regions cannot explain the seasonal changes in ambient concentrations (SO2 and NOx). Hence, climatic factors (e.g. change in weather) or seasonal changes in combustion source intensity must be responsible.

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Cornelus, Lesley-Ann Jolene. "Stakeholder participation in surface water and groundwater quality management in the Waterberg area: Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24951.

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A Research Report submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, 2018
The aim of this research was to assess the status of water quality in a selected area of the Waterberg over a twenty-year period and to gain insight into the perceptions of stakeholders about water management. The objectives were met through the comparison of historical water quality variable records for various water uses, by measuring the level of stakeholder commitment in water quality measurement and verifying a relationship between the two approaches. This study focuses on measuring the extent of different stakeholders’ involvement in the management and decision-making processes of water quality in the Waterberg region of Limpopo province, which is encouraged by the formulation of South African policies. The specific area of interest is in the north-western part of the Waterberg. There are three distinct settlements, Lephalale, Marapong and Steenbokpan, located in the Lephalale Local Municipality. Close by are major industrial and mining activities from Eskom’s Matimba and Medupi power stations, and Exxaro’s Grootegeluk Coal Mine. To address the specific research questions and objectives for this study, two approaches were necessary: A quantitative approach that required surface water and groundwater data from 1995 to 2015, to determine the quality of water, and a qualitative approach that comprised of the distribution of 20 questionnaires in the residential areas, and 15/20 successful pre-selected individual interviews, to assess the different levels of stakeholder participation. Each approach presented its own challenges. For example, the water quality data provided were incomplete, which created limitations in the interpretation and during the questionnaire distribution, time constraints and language preferences, though anticipated amongst different social groups, there was difficulty communicating the concept of the study. Also, during the planning phase of selecting interviewees, there was a lack of interest in the study from environmental consultants, who are vital role players in the environmental status of the area. The water quality data indicated that pH levels in the surface water sites have remained steady and are not significantly different from one another. The results from the one groundwater site, reveals that there is a significant difference between the pH levels of surface water and groundwater which is to be expected. The results also suggest that the high concentration of ammonium, phosphate and nitrate midstream in the Mokolo River are related to the waste water being discharged mid-stream into the river via a pipeline. The high concentrations of sodium and potassium in the groundwater site are linked to the interaction time with the surrounding geology and the overall EC levels correspond with the fluxes in sodium in the groundwater site resulting in the significant difference in EC between the surface water and the groundwater sites. No data were available for the midstream site. The questionnaire results indicate that there’s limited stakeholder involvement in water quality management from participants in Steenbokpan and Marapong, which are socio-economically disadvantaged areas, when compared with Lephalale, a more affluent area. In contrast to Lephalale, Marapong and Steenbokpan residents are less educated, have higher unemployment numbers, and have restricted access to water related information, and electricity, water and sanitation services. In the overall area, there is also a 30% unawareness amongst general water users about the topic of water pollution, but again it is mostly from participants in Steenbokpan and Marapong. The interview results signified a higher level of stakeholder involvement in water quality management from individuals in influential positions. This, however, does not mean that water related issues in the area are adequately addressed. Interviewees revealed that there is a lack of funding, skills, infrastructure, manpower and competence. There is also an apparent inequality with regards to water access to informal settlements, farmers and rural villages. Additionally, there is a high level of dependency on Eskom and Exxaro, rather than the local municipality, to provide its water users with proper water services. The dependency on Eskom and Exxaro is largely due to their high level of influential development. Improvements and maintenance on basic service from these structures to the surrounding communities form part of their offset programmes to continue major development in the area. Due to the large difference of the qualitative and quantitative approaches, it was difficult to prove how one supports the other, even though, on its own, both are crucial components in water quality management practices. Even though the water quality data provide more reliable support on the condition of surface- and groundwater in the Waterberg, the social aspect (partially revealed through the subjective view of the general users who completed the questionnaire) is required to determine the community’s relationship with water use and to identify management practices through stakeholders responsible for them.
XL2018

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Mashishi, Mmaphuti Flora. "Strategies to manage bullying in semi-public schools in the Potgietersrus Circuit, Waterberg District of Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3398.

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Thesis (M. Ed.) -- University of Limpopo, 2020
Bullying is a major challenge that affects learners in schools world-wide. Negative effects of bullying on learners are physical and psychological including depression, anxiety and school declining performances. Every learner is entitled to a safe school environment without being a victim or a bystander of bullying. Therefore the main objective was to explore strategies that could be implemented to manage bullying in schools. A qualitative approach with a case study was used to provide an understanding of the phenomenon of bullying and how it could be managed. The grade three and six learners of two former model-c schools in Potgietersrus circuit in Limpopo Province were purposively selected as participants with the aim of representing learners in the junior and intermediate phase. Observation, interviews and document analysis were used as data collection methods. The data collected was developed through thematic content data. The results indicated that bullying is receiving increasing attention with appropriate responsiveness and effective management strategies. Additional measures that can help reduce the prevalence of bullying and impact were explored and included bullying intervention strategies, increased playground supervision, behaviour modification strategies, encouraging learners to report bullying incidents and the adoption of School Based Support Team to assist in combating bullying. It is recommended that the department of education, educators and learners can adopt the explored strategies as part of intervention process to combat bullying in the school environment and to ensure that schools are still seen as safe places for all learners

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Tumelo, Sekgobela. "The resilience of social workers rendering services to Nyaope substance dependent youth within Waterberg District, Limpopo Province." Diss., 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27756.

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The concept of resilience has gained widespread recognition amongst social scientists and it is used to explain the complexities of individual and group responses to traumatic and challenging situations. It is a concept of much relevance to the social work profession since social work is regarded as an emotionally challenging field. The research methodology in this study will be qualitative in nature and to understand the resilience of social workers who render services to Nyaope dependent youth. The goal of this study was to develop an in-depth understanding of resilience in social workers’ rendering services to youth dependending on Nyaope. This was achieved by conducting face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with social workers who were selected through the usage of purposive method of sampling. Interview guide with open ended questions was utilised as a data collection instrument. The study employed exploratory, contextual and descriptive research designs. The collected was analysed using Tesch’s framework for thematic analysis. Data verification was guided by Lincoln and Guba’s model. In carrying out this study, ethical requirements such as informed consent, debriefing, beneficence, confidentiality and avoidance of harm were adhered to. The aim and objective of the study was covered with the aim being to explore the resilience of social workers, to describe challenges and coping mechanism of social workers and to develop a strength and knowledge for social workers. Resilient theory was also fundamental to provide the background with regard to theory on this study.
Social Work

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Masegela, Christina Magosea. "Value chain mapping and marketing efficiency of cowpea farmers in Capricorn and Waterberg Districts of Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2950.

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Thesis (M.Sc. Agriculture (Agricultural Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019
Agriculture plays a significant role also serves as a critical economic sector in Limpopo province in terms of its contribution to the economy, and the number of employment opportunities it produces within local communities. The majority of people involved in agricultural practices are emerging farmers and smallholder/small scale farmers. These farmers try to earn a living from the production of livestock, broilers, fruits & vegetables, and cereals. Cowpea is a drought-tolerant legume that also serves as a staple food for the majority of Africans alongside maize and other typical staple foods consumed by most Africans. The crop is regarded as a key protein source for urban and rural poor, and plays an important role as a cash crop. Despite several nutritional benefits, economic importance and welfare enhancing potential of cowpea, farmers still do not have sufficient information on knowledge about the value that can be added to their cowpea production also the potential and competitiveness of this traditional leafy vegetable. The aim of the study was to map the value chain and determine the marketing efficiency of smallholder cowpea farmers in Capricorn and Waterberg districts of Limpopo province. The specific objectives were to: identify and describe socioeconomic characteristics of smallholder cowpea farmers in Capricorn and Waterberg districts of Limpopo province, identify and define the participants along the cowpea value chain and identify marketing constraints among smallholder cowpea farmers. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 80 smallholder cowpea farmers in Ga-Molepo of Capricorn district and Bela-Bela of Waterberg district using purposive sampling technique. Value chain mapping, descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model were used in addressing the objectives. In identifying and defining the participants along the cowpea value chain, a value chain map was constructed to show the different stages cowpea goes through before reaching the final consumer. Two null hypotheses were formulated. The first hypothesis that stated smallholder cowpea farmers were inefficient in marketing cowpea was rejected. Marketing efficiency measure used to determine each farmer’s marketing efficiency revealed that 66% of smallholder cowpea farmers were efficient. The determinants of marketing efficiency were examined using binary logistic regression model. The second hypothesis stated that socioeconomic characteristics of smallholder cowpea farmers have no effect on the marketing efficiency. The v hypothesis was also rejected based on binary logistic results that revealed that age, household size, years in schooling, years in farming cowpea, income generated from selling cowpea, quantities of cowpea sold and occupation of the farmers were found to be significant in determining marketing efficiency of smallholder cowpea farmers. Pests, lack of access to formal markets and lack of information on how to process cowpea were major constraints farmers were faced with. It was recommended that value chain analysts, policy makers and extension workers together with other stakeholders assist in ensuring that food value chain relationships are established so that market opportunities can be created for smallholder cowpea farmers. In addition, farmer schools need to be introduced in rural areas were agricultural practices are dominant. At these schools, farmers can be taught about basic knowledge relating to agricultural production. Training should also be given to farmers on adopting technology as it can potentially assist in making production more efficient.
Water Research Commission (WRC)

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Klagsbrun, Yvonne Alice. "An exploration of the beliefs, sexual attitudes and behaviour of rural young men with regard to HIV prevention: the unheard voices of male youth in the Waterberg District, Limpopo." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18794.

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The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the vulnerability to HIV of rural male youth with regard to their beliefs, sexual attitudes and behaviour. The study took place in the Waterberg, a district of Limpopo in South Africa, and provided insight into and understanding of the youths’ attitudes to and intentions regarding HIV prevention and their perceptions of how they were influenced by the Boys2Men programme. The Theory of Reasoned Action and the Social Constructionist Theory provided a framework for the study. Nine participants between the ages of 19 and 26 were purposefully selected, and data was collected via individual face-to-face and focus group interviews. A number of semi-structured questions were used to guide the study, and data captured from the interviews was analysed by thematic content analysis.
Sociology
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)

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39

Bruyns, Lenke. "Investigating the relationship between coal usage and the change in cations and sulphate fluxes in three rivers in the Waterberg, South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21012.

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The Matimba and soon to be completed Medupi power stations located in close proximity to the town of Lephalale are a cause for environmental concern due to the known effects that coal combustion has on air, soil and water quality. The Medupi power station is currently being constructed, while the Matimba power station may have already negatively altered the water quality of the rivers especially those downwind of the power stations. The Lephalala (perennial river, upwind), the Mokolo (perennial river, upwind) and Matlabas (seasonal river, downwind) Rivers were selected due to the locations relative to the power stations. The concentrations and flux of cations and sulphate ions within the rivers in the Waterberg District Municipality were investigated for any seasonal or annual patterns using monthly data from a single sampling station along each river. Data for the concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, ammonium and sulphate were analysed in conjunction with river discharge, rainfall and ambient temperature data available for each hydrological year from 1999 to 2010. The data were converted to seasonal and annual values in order to determine the influence of the quality and quantity of coal combusted as well as climatic variables (rainfall, temperature and discharge) on ion fluxes measured. Sodium was the dominant cation in all rivers, reaching a maximum concentration of 0.0015 mol.ℓ-1 (in 2007), 0.0007 mol.ℓ-1 (in 2007) and 0.0006 mol.ℓ-1 (in 2001) in the Lephalala, Mokolo and Matlabas Rivers, respectively. Other cation concentrations were four times lower in the Lephalala and Mokolo Rivers, while they were eight times lower in the Matlabas Rivers. Sulphate concentrations were approximately nine, five and 15 times lower than the cation concentrations measured within the Lephalala, Mokolo and Matlabas Rivers, respectively. The mean summed cation flux was highest in the Lephalala River (0.0015 ± 0.0010 Eq.ℓ-1), which was approximately 1.7 and 2.1 times higher than summed cation fluxes measured in the Mokolo (0.0009 ± 0.0002 Eq.ℓ-1) and Matlabas (0.0007 ± 0.0006 Eq.ℓ-1) Rivers. Cation fluxes were highest during the rainfall season (summer and spring) in the river closest to the Matimba power station (Mokolo Rivers) while summed cation flux in the Lephalala and Mokolo Rivers (located further away from the power station) showed no specific seasonality. It was, however, noted that the cation fluxes during spring and winter were elevated for both rivers, possibly indicating

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Mantsho, Stephen Mozindo. "Effect of land restitution programme on households' food security in Limpopo Province of South Africa : a case study of Waterberg District." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2084.

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Thesis (M.Sc. Agriculture (Agricultural Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018
The Land Restitution Programme was designed to assist farmers through support for infrastructure, marketing, finance and extension services. This initiative was intended to support job creation, food security and support agricultural growth. Nevertheless, poverty and food insecurity have profound implications for health and welfare. However, household dietary diversity score has long been recognized by nutritionists as a key element of high-quality diets. This study examined the effects of the land restitution on households’ food security in Waterberg district. The objectives of this study were to profile households’ socioeconomic/ demographic characteristics, assess the food security status of land restitution beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, examine the effects of Land Restitution Programme on food security and investigate the challenges faced by smallholder farmers in accessing land and other inputs for agricultural purposes in Waterberg district. Primary data was collected from 110 smallholder farmers using purposive and random sampling techniques. Dietary diversity score was used to assess the food security status of land restitution beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries while logistic regression model was used to examine the effect of Land Restitution Programme on their food security status. The results of dietary diversity score revealed that 70% of the households were food secure while 30% of the households are food insecure. The age of the household head, access to the market and land size were found to be positively significant at 10% level while beneficiary status was found to be positively related to food security status and significant at 5% level. Variables which were found positively significant at 1% level are gender of the household head, off-farm income and access to credit. Problems affecting households differs from lack of access to credit facilities to lack of grazing land. Based on the findings the study recommends prioritisation of women agricultural projects; diversification of income; provision of smallholder credit facilities in rural areas and provision land to farmers so that they increase their production which give them an advantage to become food secure. Key words: Dietary diversity, logit model, food security and Land restitution.

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Roux, Leon. "Optimal yield and cut density prediction of semi soft coking coal and powerstation coal in the Waterberg Coalfield, Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11706.

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In a coal mining environment it is often difficult to relate the coal wash table data and analysis obtained from exploration drill core with the run of mine material being processed in beneficiation plants. This also affects the predicted yields, budgets and the resource and reserve determinations. The aim of this study is to determine whether a technique can be developed whereby a more accurate relationship between the exploration results used for the modelling, resource and reserve calculations and budgeting can be reconciled with the beneficiation results of products extracted from the resource. In a multi-seam and multi-product environment the problem of obtaining products at various different specifications for differing markets is exacerbated. Most product specifications are linked to the beneficiation environment, thus the need to determine relationships between these properties and the final products is tantamount to success. Fortunately one of the less obscure properties is the ash content of the coal. To this a host of other specifications with regard to other impurities, such as sulphur or phosphorous content, may be added, depending on the application of the end product. The physical and mechanical properties of coal however are the most important in the initial stages of the beneficiation process. Here density and particle size distribution play a major role, since, no matter which process is used in recovering various products, density separation is the underlying mechanism utilized whether it is by jig, drum, cyclones or flotation. Coal plies and particles have different relative densities, determined by maceral composition, rank, mineral content and porosity. The physical parameters of coal are mostly controlled by moisture, volatile content (in terms of aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons), ash and carbon content which inadvertently have an effect on the overall density of the raw coal. Since the majority of products required are initially specified at specific ash content, the probable relationship of ash to density would be critical in solving the greater majority of associated problems. The sedimentary depositional environment of the coal deposit would have contributed to the distribution of finely dispersed mineral matter within the coal plies. Changes within the environment, largely due to climatic events and differing flow regimes, could influence the amount of associated mineral material in these plies resulting in closely associated but differing densities within the raw material. At Grootegeluk mine two major stratigraphical units, representative of two distinctly different sedimentary environments are being exploited. The first unit is the Volksrust Formation which consists mainly of intercalated bright coal (vitrinite rich) and shale in a deltaic environment, where the coal formation is considered to be autochthonous. The second unit, the Vryheid Formation, consists of relatively well defined dull coal seams inter-bedded with siltstone and sandstone beds in a fluvial environment considered to be allochthonous. Based upon extensive studies of borehole analyses and sink and float tests, the derivation of a technique applied to the relationship of coals’ physical properties has been developed which will enhance the understanding of its behaviour in the beneficiation environment. This has provided significantly better correlation between coal washing characteristics determined at fixed densities within the analytical realm and actual beneficiation results. If adopted, this technique would enhance the credibility of resource and reserve estimations, product yield predictions and actual reconciliation of product to source, post mortem. In so doing, the results would have considerable impact on marketing, economics and life-of-mine expectancy. Already the AAD methodology applied to the grade control function in a beta-testing phase has resulted in the closest monetary value to actual production income versus the predictions provided by the geological model and the mine planning budgetary values.

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Frans, Raesetja Annah. "The knowledge and practices of mothers regarding exclusive breastfeeding in the Mahwelereng Local Area of the Waterberg District, Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1251.

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Thesis (MPH. ) --University of Limpopo, 2014
The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and practices of mothers with regard to exclusive breastfeeding in the Mahwelereng Local Area of the Waterberg District, Limpopo Province. A quantitative study was conducted by using a researcher-administered structured questionnaire at six clinics in the Mahwelereng Local Area. A simple random sampling method was used to select the hundred and seventy five mothers who had babies of less than six months old from whom data was collected. Data was analysed with the assistance of the statistician by using the SPSS software program. Data is presented applying descriptive and inferential statistics. Less than half (74; 42.3%) of the responding mothers were practising exclusive breastfeeding despite the fact that 137 (78.3%) of them were given information about exclusive breastfeeding. There is an association between knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding (Chi-Square= 14.039; Sig=0.000 p<0.05) and exclusive breastfeeding practice. There is no association between exclusive breastfeeding practice and HIV status (Chi-Square=2.444; Sig=0.118; p>0.05). Challenges that mothers faced in relation to practising exclusive breastfeeding were work-related, school-related, health-related, pressure from family to mix-feed, and a lack of knowledge. However, 42.9% of the respondents indicated that they did not have any challenges with regard to the practice of breastfeeding. It was, therefore, recommended that one-on-one counselling about exclusive breastfeeding needs to be intensified and maternity leave should be extended to six months. The majority of respondents showed adequate knowledge of what exclusive breastfeeding was because they were counselled about breastfeeding although they were not practising it. Key words: Exclusive breastfeeding, mothers, knowledge, practices, mix-feeding.

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43

Chauke, Shiluva Valentine. "Determinants of economic effeicency among smallholders cowpea farmers in South Africa : a case study of Capricorn and Waterberg Districts in Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2409.

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Thesis (M.Sc. (Agricultural Economics)) --University of Limpopo, 2018
Legumes are crops that are rich in protein and if households are made aware of their importance, they can be acquired at lower costs and dependency on animal proteins can also be reduced. The cowpea smallholder producers in Africa are faced with numerous challenges such as persistent pests such as aphids that reduce yields, lack of improved varieties and the inability to produce in quantities large enough to sell to local or broader markets in South Africa. The aim of this study was to examine economic efficiency of cowpea production among smallholder cowpea farmers in Capricorn and Waterberg districts of Limpopo province. The descriptive statistics indicated that interviewed farmers years of schooling ranged from 0 to 13 years, with an average of five years of attending school. Farmers’ age ranged between 33 and 78, with an average age of 61 years. The average income received on monthly basis from the overall agricultural produce was R1735.83 per farmer. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) results showed that the Technical Efficiency (TE) scores of cowpea farmers had a mean of 0,9588 with a minimum of 0,7500 and maximum of 1,000. This means that 95% of the farmers were technically efficient. The allocative Efficiency score ranges from a minimum of 0,4070 and a maximum of 1,000 with a mean of 0,6519. The Allocative Efficiency (AE) scores imply that farmers were not utilizing inputs. The Economic Efficiency scores ranges from a minimum of 0,3820 to 1,000 with a mean score of 0,6218. This implies that cowpea smallholder farmers were economically inefficient on average and that the cost of cowpea production for each farm could be decreased on average by approximately 38% to obtain the same level of output. The Tobit regression model found that the explanatory variables which were significant are age, educational level, primary income source, farm size, method of intercropping, purpose of growing cowpea and source of field labour. The study recommends that there is a need to provide primary education to the farmers for them to be able to measure and calculate the inputs they use and output they attain in order to improve their efficiency levels. Key words: Economic Efficiency, Smallholder Farmers and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA).

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Chabalala, Botana Robert. "An investigation of the success of comprehensive agricultural support programme projects on the farms allocated under land redistribution for agricultural development : a case study approach in the Waterberg District, Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/870.

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Thesis (MBA.) --University of Limpopo, 2008
Land reform is divided into three sub-programmes, which are redistribution programmes, restitution and tenure reform. The redistribution programme consists of Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development settlement and non-agricultural enterprises. Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development programme was established to redress the imbalances of land owners aroused from the previous government and its policies. A person who qualifies to purchase farms through the Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development programme is a previously disadvantaged person, that is, an African, Coloured and Indian. If a person belongs to a previously disadvantaged group and that particular person works for the government he/she does not qualify to be funded by the Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development programme. The National Department of Agriculture introduced a new programme called the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme. The primary aim of the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme is to make provision for agricultural support to targeted beneficiaries of the land reform and agrarian reform programme. This dissertation proposed an investigation of the success factors of Comprehensive agricultural Support programme on the farms allocated under the Land redistribution for Agricultural Development in the Waterberg District of the Limpopo Province. The objectives of study were: i. To determine factors influencing the success of the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme projects on farms allocated under the Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development farms ii. To suggest recommendations for the improvement of the implementation of the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme. iv A case study approach was used to investigate the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme funded projects. Personal interview questions were posed to participants who were the farmers who receiving the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme grant and managers who were managing the Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development farms. Open-ended questionnaires were used to collect data and four farms allocated under Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development funded by the Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme and four municipal managers in the Waterberg District of the Limpopo Province were interviewed. The qualitative approach was used to process the data The chapter layouts of this research are as follows: Chapter 1: Problem Statement, Aims and Objectives of the Study, Chapter 2: Literature Survey, Chapter 3: Research Design, Chapter 4: Analysis of Data and Interpretation, and Chapter 5: Recommendations and Conclusion. The analysis of the data revealed that Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme is a success on the farms allocated under the Land redistribution for Agricultural Development in the Waterberg District of the Limpopo Province.

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45

Burne, Craig. "Macro-nutrient and hydrological trends in some streams of the Waterberg, Limpopo: investigating the effects of land-use change on catchment water quality." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/19345.

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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science November 2015, Johannesburg
South Africa is faced with water quantity and quality issues in most catchments. Intensification of coal-based industrial activity in the Waterberg, Limpopo and the concomitant emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and sulphur (SOX) pose potential ecological impacts to regional freshwater systems. Some research indicates that a significant proportion of minerals in the Waterberg parent rock may be prone to acid generation with catchment soils being potentially susceptible to acidification via NOX and SOX deposition. Cultural and recurrent nutrient loading of freshwater bodies also impacts on primary production and can ultimately alter the natural structure and functioning of these ecosystems. Trend analyses on historical hydrological data from 1982 to 2013 were carried out for several response water quality variables from six quaternary Waterberg catchments. Results were assessed for possible changes attributable to increased NOX and SOX loading post commencement of large-scale coal combustion. Historical inorganic N:P ratios were calculated in conjunction with a series of nutrient (N and P) bioassay experiments to predict which nutrient may be limiting growth of stream periphyton. Although trends were identified in most catchments for several of the water quality variables, the notion that the onset of large scale coal combustion has led to noticeable downward trends in pH and upward trends in either inorganic N or sulphate is not unequivocal. Patterns in trends were not distinct for catchments situated in close proximity to the primary emission source and those further away. Nor were there any distinct differences in trends between upwind and downwind catchments. Climate and geo-hydrological factors are likely to still function as the primary drivers of spatial and temporal variation in past and present catchment water quality. Contrary to the view that stream primary production is limited largely by the availability of P, predictions based on N:P ratios calculated in this study suggest N to be the limiting nutrient. This was shown to be the case in four of the five study-site rivers. N-limitation increased by 18% (67% to 85%) in the Matlabas River post-commencement of large-scale coal combustion. A greater increase of 24% (60% to 84%) was observed in the Middle Mokolo. Although cultural eutrophication levels in the Waterberg do not yet exceed management-set targets, the cumulative effect of industrial-derived nutrient inputs remains a threat to the nearshore marine ecosystem and human communities living downstream.

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Mazwi, Ruth Raesetja. "Knowledge and practices of midwives regarding the utilization of cardiotocography in labour units at Mokopane and Voortrekker Hospitals, Waterberg District in Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3396.

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Thesis (M.A. (Nursing Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020
The aim of the study is to determine the knowledge and practices of midwives regarding the utilization of cardiotocography in labour units, at Hospital A and Hospital B, Waterberg District in Limpopo Province. Further, the objective of the study is to explore and describe the knowledge and practices of midwives regarding the utilization of cardiotocography in labour units and to develop strategies to enhance midwifery practices and knowledge regarding the utilization of cardiotocography in the labour units of Hospital A and Hospital B. The research question is:” What is the knowledge and practices of midwives regarding the utilization of cardiotocography in the labour units of Hospital A and Hospital B?” The Donabedian Model has been used as a theoretical framework. A qualitative exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design has been used in this study. Purposive sampling was used to sample eighteen (18) participants from Hospital A and Hospital B. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Tesch’s eight steps of qualitative data analysis were followed and two themes and ten sub-themes emerged. The study found that there were several challenges encountered by participants such as a shortage of material and human resources and lack of continuous training which has a negative impact on the provision of midwifery care. The study recommends that the Department of Health should appointment new skilled midwives as there is shortage of staff, to improve service delivery. It should ensure that there is a guaranteed supply and availability of equipment, such as CTG. The nursing administration should ensure that there is adequate training for midwives. This includes in-service training, workshops and a post basic advanced midwifery course.

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Makgoka, Seretloane Japhtaline. "Comparison of water quality between sources and between selected villages in the Waterberg District of Limpopo Province; South Africa: with special reference to chemical and microbial quality." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/91.

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Abstract:

Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo, 2005
Water and sanitation inadequacy is still an environmental health challenge in several regions worldwide and a billion people lack access to safe water, while 2.4 billion people have inadequate sanitation [2]. Assessment of water quality by its chemistry includes measures of elements and molecules dissolved or suspended in water. Commonly measured chemical parameters include arsenic, cadmium, calcium, chloride, fluoride, total hardness, nitrate, and potassium [16]. Water quality can also be assessed by the presence of waterborne microorganisms from human and animals’ faecal wastes. These wastes contain a wide range of bacteria, viruses and protozoa that may be washed into drinking water supplies [21]. Three villages were selected for water quality analysis, based on their critical situation regarding access to water and sanitation: namely, Matlou, Sekuruwe and Taolome villages, situated in the Mogalakwena Local Municipality within the Waterberg district of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. A proposal was written to the Province of North Holland (PNH) and was approved for funding to start with the implementation of those projects, with 20% of each village’s budget allocated for water quality research [26]. This was a cross sectional, analytical study to investigate the chemical and microbial quality of water in Matlou, Sekuruwe and Taolome villages. The study was also conducted to explore methods used by household members to store and handle water in storage tanks. Water samples were collected and analysed according to the standard operating procedures (SOPs) of the Polokwane Municipality Wastewater Purification Plant in Ladanna, Polokwane City of South Africa. The questionnaire used was adopted from the one used for cholera outbreak in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Results show that water from all sources in all the villages had increased total hardness concentration. Water from the borehole in Matlou village had increased number of total coliform bacteria. There were increased total and faecal coliform bacteria in storage tanks samples from Matlou village. Water samples from reservoirs in Sekuruwe and Taolome villages did not test positive for any microbial contamination. Water from xiv informally connected yard taps in Sekuruwe village had increased total coliform bacteria, while increased total and faecal coliforms were found in households’ storage tanks. Water samples from communal taps in Taolome village had minimal number of total coliform bacteria, while water from storage tanks had both increased total and faecal coliform bacteria. Matlou village was the only place with increased nitrate concentration at the households’ storage tanks. While all the villages had microbial contamination, Taolome village had the least number of coliform bacteria in water samples from households’ storage tanks as compared to Matlou and Sekuruwe villages. It is concluded that water from sources supplied by the municipalities are safe to be consumed by humans while water from informally connected taps and households’ storage tanks are not safe to be used without treatment. It is recommended that a health and hygiene education package be prepared for all the villages, so that handling of water from the main source into their storage tanks can be improved. Secondly, it is recommended that water in all sources be treated for total hardness and water in storage tanks in Matlou village be treated for nitrate. Thirdly, it is recommended that water be accessed everyday of the week, so that people do not use unsafe water supplies.
The Province of North Holland, Netherlands.

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