Relevant bibliographies by topics / Waterbomb base

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Waterbomb base'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Waterbomb base"

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Zhao, Yan, Yuki Endo, Yoshihiro Kanamori, and Jun Mitani. "Approximating 3D surfaces using generalized waterbomb tessellations." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 5, no. 4 (January 9, 2018): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2018.01.002.

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Abstract Origami has received much attention in geometry, mathematics, and engineering due to its potential to construct 3D developable shapes from designed crease patterns on a flat sheet. Waterbomb tessellation, which is one type of traditional origami consisting of a set of waterbomb bases, has been used to create geometrically appealing 3D shapes and been widely studied. In this paper, we propose a method for approximating target surfaces, which are parametric surfaces of varying or constant curvatures, using generalized waterbomb tessellations. First, we generate a base mesh by tiling the target surface using waterbomb bases. Then, by applying a simple numerical optimization algorithm to the base mesh, we achieve a developable waterbomb tessellation, which can be developed onto a plane without stretching. We provide a prototype system using which the user can adjust the resolution of the tessellation and modify waterbomb bases. Our work could expand the exploration of building developable 3D structures using origami. Highlights Generalizing waterbomb tessellations to fit target 3D parametric surfaces. Achieving developable tessellations by a simple numerical optimization algorithm. Non-axisymmetric or non-orientable resulting approximations are demonstrated.
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Hanna, Brandon H., Jason M. Lund, Robert J. Lang, Spencer P. Magleby, and Larry L. Howell. "Waterbomb base: a symmetric single-vertex bistable origami mechanism." Smart Materials and Structures 23, no. 9 (August 11, 2014): 094009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/9/094009.

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Han, Hesheng, Lihua Tang, Dengqing Cao, and Lun Liu. "Modeling and analysis of dynamic characteristics of multi-stable waterbomb origami base." Nonlinear Dynamics 102, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 2339–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-020-06082-8.

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Siver, Peter A., Jeffry M. Pelczar, Anne Marie Lott, and Andrzej Pisera. "The Giraffe Pipe database project: A web-based database for siliceous microfossils from a freshwater Eocene waterbody." Nova Hedwigia, Beihefte 136 (June 24, 2010): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1438-9134/2010/0136-0325.

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Fujisada, Hiroyuki, Minoru Urai, and Akira Iwasaki. "Technical Methodology for ASTER Global Water Body Data Base." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 1860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121860.

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A waterbody detection technique is an essential part of a digital elevation model (DEM) generation to delineate land–water boundaries and set flattened elevations. This paper describes the technical methodology for improving the initial tile-based waterbody data that are created during production of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection radiometer (ASTER) GDEM, because without improvement such tile-based waterbodies data are not suitable for incorporating into the new ASTER GDEM Version 3. Waterbodies are classified into three categories: sea, lake, and river. For sea-waterbodies, the effect of sea ice is removed to better delineate sea shorelines in high latitude areas: sea ice prevents accurate delineation of sea shorelines. For lake-waterbodies, the major part of the processing is to set the unique elevation value for each lake using a mosaic image that covers the entire lake area. Rivers present a unique challenge, because their elevations gradually step down from upstream to downstream. Initially, visual inspection is required to separate rivers from lakes. A stepwise elevation assignment, with a step of one meter, is carried out by manual or automated methods, depending on the situation. The ASTER global water database (GWBD) product consists of a global set of 1° latitude-by-1° longitude tiles containing water body attribute and elevation data files in geographic latitude and longitude coordinates and with one arc second posting. Each tile contains 3601-by-3601 data points. All improved waterbody elevation data are incorporated into the ASTER GDEM to reflect the improved results.
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Makinde, Esther Oluwafunmilayo, Ayobami Taofeek Salami, James Bolarinwa Olaleye, and Oluwapelumi Comfort Okewusi. "Object Based and Pixel Based Classification Using Rapideye Satellite Imager of ETI-OSA, Lagos, Nigeria." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 15, no. 2 (December 8, 2016): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.15.2.5.

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Several studies have been carried out to find an appropriate method to classify the remote sensing data. Traditional classification approaches are all pixel-based, and do not utilize the spatial information within an object which is an important source of information to image classification. Thus, this study compared the pixel based and object based classification algorithms using RapidEye satellite image of Eti-Osa LGA, Lagos. In the object-oriented approach, the image was segmented to homogenous area by suitable parameters such as scale parameter, compactness, shape etc. Classification based on segments was done by a nearest neighbour classifier. In the pixel-based classification, the spectral angle mapper was used to classify the images. The user accuracy for each class using object based classification were 98.31% for waterbody, 92.31% for vegetation, 86.67% for bare soil and 90.57% for Built up while the user accuracy for the pixel based classification were 98.28% for waterbody, 84.06% for Vegetation 86.36% and 79.41% for Built up. These classification techniques were subjected to accuracy assessment and the overall accuracy of the Object based classification was 94.47%, while that of Pixel based classification yielded 86.64%. The result of classification and accuracy assessment show that the object-based approach gave more accurate and satisfying results
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Ampim, Peter A. Y., Michael Ogbe, Eric Obeng, Edwin K. Akley, and Dilys S. MacCarthy. "Land Cover Changes in Ghana over the Past 24 Years." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 4951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094951.

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Changes in land cover (LC) can lead to environmental challenges, but few studies have investigated LC changes at a country wide scale in Ghana. Tracking LC changes at such a scale overtime is relevant for devising solutions to emerging issues. This study examined LC changes in Ghana for the past almost two and half decades covering 1995–2019 to highlight significant changes and opportunities for sustainable development. The study used land cover data for six selected years (1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2019) obtained from the European Space Agency. The data was analyzed using R, ArcGIS Pro and Microsoft Excel 365 ProPlus. The original data was reclassified into eight LC categories, namely: agriculture, bare area, built-up, forest, grassland, other vegetation, waterbody, and wetland. On average, the results revealed 0.7%, 131.7%, 23.3%, 46.9%, and 11.2% increases for agriculture, built-up, forest, waterbody, and wetland, respectively, across the nation. However, losses were observed for bare area (92.8%), grassland (51.1%), and other vegetation (41%) LCs overall. Notably, agricultural land use increased up to 2015 and decreased subsequently but this did not affect production of the major staple foods. These findings reveal the importance of LC monitoring and the need for strategic efforts to address the causes of undesirable change.
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Dundas, Shannon J., Molly Vardanega, Patrick O’Brien, and Steven R. McLeod. "Quantifying Waterfowl Numbers: Comparison of Drone and Ground-Based Survey Methods for Surveying Waterfowl on Artificial Waterbodies." Drones 5, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones5010005.

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Drones are becoming a common method for surveying wildlife as they offer an aerial perspective of the landscape. For waterbirds in particular, drones can overcome challenges associated with surveying locations not accessible on foot. With the rapid uptake of drone technology for bird surveys, there is a need to compare and calibrate new technologies with existing survey methods. We compared waterfowl counts derived from ground- and drone-based survey methods. We sought to determine if group size and waterbody size influenced the difference between counts of non-nesting waterfowl and if detection of species varied between survey methods. Surveys of waterfowl were carried out at constructed irrigation dams and wastewater treatment ponds throughout the Riverina region of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Data were analyzed using Bayesian multilevel models (BMLM) with weakly informative priors. Overall, drone-derived counts of waterfowl were greater (+36%) than ground counts using a spotting scope (β_ground= 0.64 [0.62–0.66], (R2 = 0.973)). Ground counts also tended to underestimate the size of groups. Waterbody size had an effect on comparative counts, with ground counts being proportionally less than drone counts (mean = 0.74). The number of species identified in each waterbody type was similar regardless of survey method. Drone-derived counts are more accurate compared to traditional ground counts, but drones do have some drawbacks including initial equipment costs and time-consuming image or photo processing. Future surveys should consider using drones for more accurately surveying waterbirds, especially when large groups of birds are present on larger waterbodies.
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Meng, Lingkui, Xiaobing Wei, Miao Yang, Yizhuo Meng, Yang Chen, Jianguo Cheng, and Wen Zhang. "A detection method for reservoir waterbodies vector data based on EGADS." Open Geosciences 12, no. 1 (December 13, 2020): 1589–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0205.

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AbstractOwing to the effects of camera, illumination, extraction algorithm defect, and other reasons, vector data for reservoir waterbodies extracted from remote sensing data may have quality issues, impacting the efficiency of data utilization in areas such as water resource management and reservoir monitoring. To efficiently detect abnormal data from massive vector products of reservoir waterbodies, a semi-automatic detection method for reservoir waterbody vector data is presented. The method has three phases. First, the original reservoir vector data are preprocessed to obtain the time series of the area of reservoir waterbodies. Second, data modeling with time series of reservoir waterbodies area data is done using the extensible generic anomaly detection system (EGADS) plug-in framework and time series modeling is conducted using the Olympic model. Third, data that have quality problems are identified with K\sigma model was used to determine the outliers; thereby, the date of the outliers is detected. Results of accuracy verification show that the sensitivity and specificity of the method were 94.44 and 83.87%, respectively, showing its feasibility for use in anomaly detection in polygonal reservoir waterbody vector data with far greater efficiency than traditional manual inspection.
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Wu Decao, 吴德操, 魏. 彪. Wei Biao, 汤. 戈. Tang Ge, 冯. 鹏. Feng Peng, 唐. 媛. Tang Yuan, 刘. 娟. Liu Juan, and 熊双飞 Xiong Shuangfei. "Turbidity Disturbance Compensation for UV-VIS Spectrum of Waterbody Based on Mie Scattering." Acta Optica Sinica 37, no. 2 (2017): 0230007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201737.0230007.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Waterbomb base"

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Hanna, Brandon Holbrook. "Modeling and Testing of Bistable Waterbomb Base Configurations." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4336.

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Origami is making an impact in engineering as solutions to problems are being found by applying origami principles (eg. flat-foldability) and using specific crease patterns as inspiration. This thesis presents an in-depth analysis of a particular origami fold -- the waterbomb base -- to facilitate its use in future engineering problems. The watebomb base is of interest due to its familiarity to the origami community, simple topology (can be made by folding a single sheet of paper four times), scalability, generalizability, and interesting kinetic behavior. It can behave as a nonlinear spring as well as a one- or two-way bistable mechanism. This thesis presents models of the kinetic behavior of the traditional waterbomb base as well as some non-traditional variants to be used as tools in future development of waterbomb-base-inspired mechanisms. In all cases considered here, developability as well as rotational symmetry in both the geometry and motion of the mechanisms are assumed. The thesis provides an introduction to origami and reviews some of the ways in which it has been studied and applied in engineering fields. The waterbomb base is also presented as a specific origami fold with practical application potential. Models for the behavior of the traditional waterbomb base are introduced and its potential usefulness as a testbed for actuation methods is discussed. Models are developed for its kinematic and bistable behavior, including the forces needed to transition between stable states. These models are validated by comparison to physical prototype testing and finite element analysis. The thesis introduces the generalized waterbomb base (WB) and generalized split-fold waterbomb base (SFWB). The WB maintains the pattern of alternating mountain and valley folds around the vertex but in this generalized case any even number of folds greater than or equal to 6 is allowed. An SFWB is created by splitting each fold of a WB into two “half folds”, effectively doubling the number of folds and links but halving the deflection at each fold. The same models that were developed for the traditional waterbomb base are developed for the WB and the SFWB and a few potential applications are discussed.
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Chen, Jian-Fan, and 陳建帆. "The Study UV Curing Waterbone Polyurethane Acrylate Synthesis and Physical Properties Based on Dendrimer." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4pmpdv.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
有機高分子研究所
98
The polymer used in this study is a dendrimer, which is possessed of highly branching, a spheroidal and steric structure and a few tens of hydroxyl groups at the end. The functional groups at the end, IPDI and TDI, by different moles, react with the raw materials of HEA, acid anhydride, dimethyl ethanolamine, etc. to proceed the addition reaction. In the process of reaction, whether the reaction is complete or not can be determined by FT-IR. A series of UV curing and water borne polyurethaneacrylates, with different branches, are synthesized and analyzed to explore the effects of both hydrophile and content of hydrophilic group. The detailed discussion is to explore the effects of optical initiator and resin structure on the UV curing rate. A series of continued tests is done by the pencil meter, maximum hydrophile rate, non -yellowing and rheometer. Through the results of tests, we discovered that the heat resistance of the materials is enhanced when the branches of polyurethaneacrylates increase. The hardness is linear enhanced when the branches of polyurethaneacrylates increase. In the test of amount in water, the hydrophile of molecular chain increases, chylomicron size decreases, dispersibility and stability of chylomicron increase when the content of hydrophilic group is enhanced. However, the best physical property and amount in water are obtained by an immovable ratio of branches and hydrophilic groups of polyurethaneacrylate. In the test of non-yellowing, the yellowing is more obvious with the more branches of polyurethaneacrylate, but the yellowing rate is also effected by another reason which is the structure of isocyanate. After the test of weatherometer, we inductively infer that when the isocyanate structure contains benzene ring, its non-yellowing property is poorer.
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chiu, Yu-hsien, and 邱伃仙. "A Study on Synthesis and Molecular Engineering of m–TMXDI based Waterbone Polyurethane modified by Aqueous Chitosan." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30768424967887905552.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
高分子系
97
The objective of this study is to prepare this isocyanic acid, m-phenylenediiso-propylidene(m-TMXDI) based poly(urethane-urea) dispersions containing various ratio of aqueous chitosan to ethylene diamine. The chemical structure of poly(urethane-urea) dispersions with various ratio of aqueous chitosan to ethylene diamine were identified, such as: FT-IR, NMR and XPS. The molecular weight is tested by GPC analysis; the particle size and the particle stability by LUMiszier test; the morphology by TEM; the thermal properties by TGA; the mechanical properties by tensile test; the hydrophilic properties by contact angle test. The antimicrobial testing is the use of gold staphylococcus and E. coli future conduct of the external environment of antibacterial capability. The major conclusions to be drawn are that(1)The reaction between molecular chains of NCO-terminated poly(urethabe-urea) and NH2 groups of aqueous chitosan, which are chain formed and form urea groups.(2)The average particle, molecular weight, hydrophilic properties, thermal properties, antibacterial capability were increased with decreasing in aqueous chitosan content.(3)The tensile strength and storage stabitity were decreased with increasing in aqueous chitosan content.
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Book chapters on the topic "Waterbomb base"

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"Waterbomb Base Ornament and King David Crown." In Origami with Explanations, 121–37. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811219443_0005.

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Hamerow, Helena. "Land and Power: Settlements in the Territorial Context." In Early Medieval Settlements. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199246977.003.0008.

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As settlements became more clearly bounded and fixed in the landscape, so too did territories based on landed production, which became increasingly intensive and politically controlled (as we shall see in Chapter 5). These territories became formalized when leaders were able to exercise authority within them by protecting clients through juridical and/or military means, and by extracting surplus from, and controlling access to, landed resources. The identification of communities and individuals with a particular territory or region, whether this was defined by shared markets, dialect, military allegiances, or other commonalities, must also have grown in importance in this period, as ties of ethnicity and kinship began to give ground to bonds of clientship and rank. The formalization of territories was of course key to the formation of early kingdoms. What can archaeology tell us about the effects of territorialization and estate formation on rural communities? Certain regular features govern territorial formation in pre-industrial societies. In particular, universal ‘push–pull’ factors underlie the territorial structure and settlement pattern of agrarian communities. Briefly stated, every community needs to establish a territory in order to keep neighbouring communities at a distance and preserve its resources (‘push’ factors), but the necessity of maintaining certain social ties between communities, such as marriage, trade, and shared defence (‘pull’ factors), will act to minimize the distance between them (Heidinga 1987, 157). For example, the distribution of settlement in the Veluwe district of the central Netherlands shows that the northeast and the southwest regions were largely empty in the seventh century, even though their soils were suitable for farming and they were occupied both before and after this period. They lay outside the core area of the seventh-century resettlement of the Veluwe, however, and it appears that communities chose not to spread out thinly across the entire territory, but rather to remain relatively close to one another (Heidinga 1987, 162). In the Netherlands, Germany, and England, early territories could, under certain circumstances, be remarkably stable and survive to be detected in much later boundaries (e.g. Waterbolk 1982 and 1991a; Cunliffe 1973; Janssen 1976). In view of this stability and the behavioural ‘rules’ which appear to govern territorial formation, some archaeologists have attempted to reconstruct proto-historic territories. Several presuppositions underlie such reconstruction. The first is that the ‘push–pull’ factors already mentioned invariably operate between neighbouring communities.
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Conference papers on the topic "Waterbomb base"

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Bowen, Landen, Mary Frecker, Timothy W. Simpson, and Paris von Lockette. "A Dynamic Model of Magneto-Active Elastomer Actuation of the Waterbomb Base." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35407.

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Of special interest in the growing field of origami engineering is self-folding, wherein a material is able to fold itself in response to an applied field. In order to simulate the effect of active materials on an origami-inspired design, a dynamic model is needed. Ideally, the model would be an aid in determining how much active material is needed and where it should be placed to actuate the model to the desired position. A dynamic model of the origami waterbomb base, a well-known and foundational origami structure, is developed using Adams, a commercial dynamics software package. Creases are approximated as torsion springs with stiffness and damping. The stiffness of an origami crease is calculated, and the dynamic model is verified using the bistability of the waterbomb. An approximation of the torque produced by magneto-active elastomers (MAE) is calculated and is used to simulate MAE-actuated self-folding of the waterbomb.
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Bowen, Landen, Kara Springsteen, Mary Frecker, and Timothy Simpson. "Optimization of a Dynamic Model of Magnetic Actuation of an Origami Mechanism." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47458.

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Self-folding origami has the potential to be utilized in novel areas such as self-assembling robotics and shape-morphing structures. Important decisions in the development of such applications include the choice of active material and its placement on the origami model. With proper placement, the error between the actual and target shapes can be minimized along with cost, weight, and power requirements. Through the incorporation of dynamic models of self-folding origami mechanisms into an optimization routine, optimal orientations for magnetically-active material are identified that minimize error to specified target shapes. The dynamic models, created using Adams 2014, are refined by improvements to magnetic material simulation and more accurate joint stiffness characterization. Self-folding dynamic models of the waterbomb base and Shafer’s Frog Tongue are optimized, demonstrating the potential use of this process as a design tool for other self-folding origami mechanisms.
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Benouhiba, Amine, Kanty Rabenorosoa, Morvan Ouisse, and Nicolas Andreff. "An Origami-Based Tunable Helmholtz Resonator for Noise Control: Introduction of the Concept and Preliminary Results." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3747.

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A Helmholtz resonator is a passive acoustic device that enables noise reduction at a given frequency. This frequency is directly related to the volume of the resonator and to the size of the neck that couples the resonator to the acoustic domain. In other words, controlling the volume of the cavity allows a real time tunability of the device, which means noise control at any desired frequency. To that end, we propose an Origami-based tunable Helmholtz resonator. The design is inspired from the well-known origami base, waterbomb. Such foldable structures offer a wide range of volume shifting which corresponds to a frequency shifting in the application of interest. The foldability of the structure is first investigated. Then, a series of numerical simulations and experimental tests were preformed are presented, in order to explore the capabilities of this origami structures in acoustic control. A shift in the frequency domain of up to 197 Hz (131–328 Hz) was achieved in an experimental testing using 3D printed rigid devices.
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Kwok, Tsz-Ho. "Geometric Simulation for Thick Origami." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97094.

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Abstract Origami is an art that creates a three-dimensional (3D) shape only by folding. This capability has drawn much research attention recently, and its applied or inspired designs are utilized in various engineering applications. Most current designs are based on the existing origami patterns and their known deformation, but origami patterns are universally designed for zero-thickness like a paper. To extend the designs for engineering applications, simulation of origami is needed to help designers explore and understand the designs, and the simulation must take the material thickness into account. With the observation that origami is mainly a geometry design problem, this paper develops a geometric simulation for thick origami, similar to a pseudo-physics approach. The actuation, constraints, and mountain/valley assignments of origami are also incorporated in the geometric formulation. Experimental results show that the proposed method is efficient and accurate. It can simulate successfully the bistable property of a waterbomb base, two different action origami, and the elasticity of origami panels when they are not rigid.
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Wood, Leo J., Jaime Rendon, Richard J. Malak, and Darren Hartl. "An Origami-Inspired, SMA Actuated Lifting Structure." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60261.

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Origami engineering is the study of the construction principles found in the art of origami and application of those principles to various engineering applications. Although origami engineering researchers have addressed the tasks of lifting a load and supporting a static load, to our knowledge no one has demonstrated a system combining these two important capabilities. In this paper, we describe an origami-inspired actuator that can fold flat, lift a load, and then support that load structurally with no electrical or mechanical input. The design is based on a bistable origami pattern similar to the classical origami waterbomb base, and is actuated by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires in torsion. We detail a framework for the generalized structure and actuation method of SMA wires as well as the construction and testing of a proof-of-concept lifter. This proof of concept structure, weighing 22 grams, is able to lift a 50g load in 8 seconds using a 2.5 Volt input, and statically support 200g even after the cessation of voltage input. We conduct a preliminary analysis into the parameters of the structure that most affect its lifting capabilities.
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Price, Nathan, Andrew Gillman, Kazuko Fuchi, Edward J. Alyanak, and Philip R. Buskohl. "Geometric Analysis of Adaptive Origami Channels for Heat Transfer Applications." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68343.

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Thermal management is a ubiquitous and critical engineering challenge for a broad range of applications, including combustion engines, high power electronics and chemical processing. However, conventional heat exchanger solutions are often static with limited ability to adaptively modulate heat transfer. Folding concepts from the ancient art form of origami could potentially address these challenges by providing large conducting surfaces that can also spatially reconfigure to regulate the flow and temperature field interactions with the heat transferring medium. In this study, trigonometric and nonlinear mechanical analysis techniques are applied to origami channel designs based on the “waterbomb” and Miura-ori unit cell to characterize the geometric properties of the structures as a function of folding. Both channels demonstrate a large range of flow control, with potentially enhanced mixing in the “waterbomb” channel, due to an axially varying cross-section. The results show promise for the use of origami-based heat exchanger designs for both improved passive and active control of heat transfer.
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Li, Xiaojing, Zhe Hu, and Linlin Ge. "SAR-based waterbody detection using morphological feature extraction and integration." In IGARSS 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2013.6723426.

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Fontenault, Jeremy, Tara Franey, and Matt Horn. "Assessing Potential Impacts to Waterways From Small Volume Releases Originating From Facilities or Equipment." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9377.

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Abstract The pipeline industry strives for continuous improvement and reaching zero incidents. The risks associated with below grade pipelines are typically assessed in detail as part of operators’ pipeline integrity management program. However, the level of risk associated with above grade facilities and equipment is often not investigated to the same level. As part of an effort, with an anonymous pipeline operator, to refine the calculated risks associated with these facilities and valve sites, a focus was made on enhancing the consequence calculations with more accurate site-specific information. An approach was developed to assess whether smaller volume releases from these locations may impact nearby waterways following a release. The operator identified 150 sites throughout North America where releases had the potential to contaminate a waterbody. In order to confirm/disprove this potential impact to water, hypothetical releases of multiple hydrocarbon products were simulated using oil spill modeling tools to assess the potential overland and downstream transport and fates of the released products. Hypothetical release scenarios were simulated until all of the modeled oil had been released and had either adhered to the land surface, filled a depression in the land surface, and/or evaporated to the atmosphere; or when oil was predicted to enter a perennial waterbody (stream or lake). The goal was to assess the potential for each release to reach a waterbody. A single release was simulated for each site based on a historical maximum volume for a release associated with the specific equipment type (e.g. valves) that could be released over a 24-hour period. Releases were simulated using conditions selected to produce reasonable, conservative results to maximize the potential for the largest volume of oil to enter a waterbody. These conditions were based on the spring season, where rivers and streams would be under some of the highest flow conditions, intermittent streams and waterbodies would contain water feeding larger water bodies, cool air temperatures would reduce evaporative losses, and no snow cover maximize overland transport. This screening level analysis allowed for identification of each location’s potential to reach a nearby waterbody under the conservative set of conditions and assumptions. By eliminating sites where oil would not reach a waterbody, the operator was able to focus efforts on the highest consequence areas in order to complete more detailed field-level analysis. In regard to spill modeling, more detailed analyses could be conducted in the future to predict the range of possible outcomes from other types of releases and using more site-specific and season-specific data. As an example, slower releases/leak rates, enhanced evaporative losses, a range of environmental conditions, and/or losses to infiltration could be assessed to bound the range of potential impacts.
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Yang, Cunjian, Rong He, and Siyuan Wang. "Extracting Waterbody from Beijing-1 Micro-Satellite Images based on Knowledge Discovery." In IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779856.

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Liu, Chenying, Perla Maiolino, Yunfang Yang, and Zhong You. "Hybrid Soft-Rigid Deployable Structure Inspired by Thick-Panel Origami." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22246.

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Abstract:
Abstract Recently, the techniques of origami have become the subject of scientific research. Such methods of folding plates are suitable for practical engineering applications. This paper proposes a novel structure, inspired by thick-panel origami, with hybrid rigid bodies and flexible hinges. Able to be expanded, flipped, and rotated, the waterbomb origami pattern has been chosen to produce a large number of configurations. The mechanism and motion analysis of a single unit and its basic assembly are conducted theoretically and also simulated. An additive fabrication method based on 3D printing makes it a one-step process to achieve a balance between rigidity and flexibility in the structure. Different configurations are demonstrated in three assemblies that exhibit good transformability, reconfigurability, and scalability. With the expansion/packaging ratio ranging from 0.11 to 7.2 in a modular unit, a mechanical metamaterial of negative Poisson’s ratio can be obtained at any spatial size. In addition, our design’s potential for robotic applications is also validated by an adaptable gripper with tendon-driven systems.
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