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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Watercourses

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Academic literature on the topic 'Watercourses'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Watercourses"

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Koski, Christian, Pyry Kettunen, Justus Poutanen, and Juha Oksanen. "Mapping small watercourses with deep learning – impact of training watercourse types separately." AGILE: GIScience Series 3 (June 11, 2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-3-43-2022.

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Abstract. Deep learning methods for semantic segmentation have shown great potential in automating mapping of geospatial features, including small watercourses such as streams and ditches. There are a variety of small watercourse types. In many use cases users are only interested in specific types of watercourses. However, the impact on results from neural networks trained with only some types of small watercourses, compared to all types of watercourses is not well known. We trained four deep learning models to semantically segment watercourses from an elevation model. One model was trained wi

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Sluchevskaya, Yu A. "Problems of formation of an international regime of the joint use and protection of international watercourses." Lex Russica, no. 3 (April 5, 2019): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.148.3.073-086.

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The article is devoted to the problem of formation of modern international legal regime of joint use and protection of international watercourses that is aimed at effective provision of water to the States of international watercourse with due respect to new challenges and threats that have a negative impact on international water resources. The model is based on the concept of “international watercourse” that has the following features: 1) international watercourses include surface and ground waters; 2) a spatial and territorial criterion of an international watercourse that means crossing of

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Lampartová, Ivana, and Jiří Schneider. "Possibilities of Evaluation of the Recreational Potential of Close to Nature Watercourses." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 4 (2014): 799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462040799.

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Creation of close-to-nature river beds is one of the results of watercourses revitalization. Watercourses are segments in the country increasing its recreational potential.The recreational potential of watercourses contributes to rich diversity of animal and plant species. They are well-preserved natural environment with a different atmosphere and an interesting psychological effect. The current goal of revitalization measures in the landscape primarily consists of the optimization of landscape water regime, incl. flood control measures and the promotion of biodiversity, but the current philos

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Gwynn, Maria A. "Adapting Watercourse Agreements to Developments in International Law." Brill Research Perspectives in International Water Law 4, no. 1 (2019): 3–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23529369-12340013.

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AbstractThe United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses (UN Watercourses Convention) recommends that states apply and adapt their watercourse agreements to the provisions of the UN Watercourses Convention. To explore the advantages of abiding to crucial developments in international water law, environmental law, and climate change law, this monograph will analyze the most important hydroelectric energy treaty in the South American region, the Itaipu Treaty. The monograph will argue that adapting watercourse agreements to developments in inter

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Baitchorov, V. M., M. D. Moroz, Yu G. Hihiniak, and I. Ju Giginyak. "Aquatic invertebrates of watercourses of the Republican landscape reserve “Naliboksky” (Belarus)." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series 69, no. 2 (2024): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2024-69-2-110-119.

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Studies of watercourses of the Republican landscape reserve “Naliboksky” have revealed 134 lower defined taxa (LDTs) belonging to 3 types of invertebrates: Mollusca – 25, Annelida – 8, Arthropoda – 101 LDTs. A total of 106 taxonomic elements were identified to the species, of which 68 were new to the water bodies of the reserve. From 18 to 54 LTDs were collected in each watercourse. The average number of identified LTDs in the watercourse was 31.9 LTDs. The number of aquatic invertebrates in the studied watercourses varied from 18 to 776 specimens, the average value of this indicator was 234.6

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Kong, Lingjie. "The Dispute over the Status and Use of the Waters of the Silala case and the customary rules on the definition of international watercourse." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law 29, no. 3 (2020): 322–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/reel.12377.

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The International Court of Justice is to determine, in the Dispute over the Status and Use of the Waters of the Silala case, the international status of the waters in question by customary rules of international law. In its identification of the existence and contents of the applicable rules on the definition of international watercourse, the Court may refer to the United Nations Watercourses Convention, other international instruments, State practice and international jurisprudence. The decisive fact for finding an international watercourse is that the components of the watercourse are situat

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Rashidian, Elnaz. "Rivers in the making; the definition of “Nahr” as a hybrid watercourse based on geoarchaeological evidence from Southwestern Iran." Water History 13, no. 2 (2021): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12685-021-00283-7.

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AbstractThis paper explores a new perspective to study the settlement dynamics of riverine landscapes by addressing human–environment interaction in the Ancient Near East through integration of remote sensing, new geodata, and developing a definition of a new category of a watercourse. The complex and entangled network of watercourses in the archaeologically crucial region of southwestern Iran, the Greater Susiana, hinders a clear view of the spatial relations between ancient settlements and their respective environments. The watercourses are known to be of either natural (rivers) or anthropog

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Nadeem, Abdul Majeed, Tariq Ali, Wei Wei, Qi Cui, and Shaoan Huang. "Can Irrigation Conditions Improve Farmers’ Subjective Well-being? An Investigation in Rural Pakistan." Water 13, no. 4 (2021): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040505.

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In many developing countries, including Pakistan, the enormous water losses due to outdated irrigation infrastructure threaten livelihoods and food security, while investment in the development of efficiency improvements can help the countries to cope with water scarcity and improve farmers’ wellbeing. This study evaluates how rural farmers’ decisions regarding improving irrigation watercourses and other irrigation conditions affect their wellbeing. We employ hypothesis testing and an ordered logit model on field survey data of 300 farming households from rural Pakistan. The mean test results

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Lebotse, Kabelo Kenneth. "Southern African Development Community Protocol on Shared Watercourses: Challenges of Implementation." Leiden Journal of International Law 12, no. 1 (1999): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156599000059.

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The Rundu – Grootfontein Project, a project by which Namibia wants to divert waters of the Okavango river, may significantly affect the flow of that river through Botswana. The present paper discusses and tests rules of global and regional international watercourse law as to their applicability to the problems posed by the project. In this respect the UN Framework Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, as well as the Southern African Development Community Protocol on Shared Watercourses form the main focal point.

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Piętka, Sławomir, and Wojciech Misiukiewicz. "Impact of European Beaver (Castor fiber L.) on Vegetation Diversity in Protected Area River Valleys." Conservation 2, no. 4 (2022): 613–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/conservation2040040.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of European beaver (Castor fiber L.) on vegetation diversity and the expansion of non-native plant species in areas surrounding watercourses in Polesie National Park, Poland. The investigation was carried out within six watercourses inhabited by beavers and four comparison watercourses where beaver were absent. European beaver living in the park had a small excursion range, reaching a maximum distance of 25 m from the watercourse so that effects on vegetation diversity were limited to the immediate vicinity of the watercourse. Beaver significantl

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Watercourses"

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Denk, B. Erdem. "Relative sovereignty over international watercourses : rights and obligations of watercourse states." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528648.

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Shepard, Dawn Joy. "Modeling water temperature in small agricultural drainage watercourses." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2005/D%5FShepard%5F061505.pdf.

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Olsson, Cecilia. "Amphibian and reptile distribution in forests adjacent to watercourses." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-3301.

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<p>Worldwide amphibians and reptiles are declining with habitat fragmentation and destruction as the primary cause. Riparian areas are important for the herpetofauna, but as land is converted to agriculture or harvested for timber the areas are diminishing. The aim of this study was to examine amphibian and reptile abundance in relation to distance from water and in relation to habitat characteristics, foremost per cent deciduous trees. The survey was conducted during spring at six different locations, with continuous forest along streams or rivers, outside of Karlstad, Sweden. Animals were se

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Wessollek, Christine, Pierre Karrasch, and Marie-Luise Kautz. "Surface irradiance estimations on watercourses with remote sensing data." SPIE, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35177.

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The vegetation in the riparian zone of a watercourse in fluences the water state with multiple factors, first via direct substance discharge and secondly via shadow casting on the water surface. Shadowing directly regulates the solar radiant energy arriving at the water surface. Solar radiation input to aquatic environments is the most important abiotic factor for aquatic flora and fauna habitat development. Thus, to adequately asses the ecological state of water courses it is necessary to quantify the solar surface irradiance E (W=m2) arriving on the water surface. When estimating the solar s

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Raven, Paul John. "Ecological effect of two-stage flood relief channels on River Roding, Essex, England." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318554.

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The River Roding near Abridge, Essex was monitored during 1979-82 to assess the short-term ecological effects of recent and contemporary river engineering works on a small, rural watercourse. Increased environmental awareness by Thames Water Authority river engineers and scientists resulted in implementation of an ecologically-sensitive flood alleviation scheme which provided an ideal opportunity for a pioneer case study. Sampling procedure was designed to describe aquatic and riparian habitats, flora and fauna along the watercourse. An extensive, 27 Jan survey revealed that the middle Roding

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Koberwein, Manuela de Franca Doria Farrajota Luciano. "The principle of co-operation in the law of international watercourses." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444161/.

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In international law, co-operation is a general concept applied in a variety of contexts. In the context of the law of international watercourses, the general obligation to co-operate and the procedural rules it comprises have a crucial role to play in the implementation of the substantive principles of equitable and reasonable utilisation and of diligent prevention of transboundary harm. The problems lie in the identification of the scope of the obligation, its specific content, legal status and application. The principal objective pursued in this thesis is to present a detailed examination o

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Torrijo, Ximena Fuentes. "The criteria of equitable utilization of international watercourses in general international law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312747.

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Hytteborn, Julia. "Water Quality in Swedish Lakes and Watercourses : Modeling the Intra-Annual Variability." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234480.

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Water quality is of great importance for ecosystems and society. This thesis characterized and modeled the variation in several key constituents of Swedish surface waters, with particular consideration given to intra-annual variability and sensitivity to climate change. Cyanobacterial data from 29 lakes and basins as well as total organic carbon (TOC) from 215 watercourses were used. Extensive data on catchment characteristics, morphometry, discharge, temperature and other water chemistry data were also analyzed. Models characterizing the seasonality in cyanobacterial concentration and relativ

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Upreti, Trilochan. "Equitable utilisation of international watercourses : a case study of India and Nepal." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402612.

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Kawas, M. "Studies of sediment erosion and of the geometry of sediment carrying watercourses." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371314.

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Books on the topic "Watercourses"

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T, ap Rheinhallt, National Rivers Authority, and Water Research Centre, eds. Nature conservation in urban watercourses. National Rivers Authority and Water Research Centre, 1990.

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McCaffrey, Stephen C. The law of international watercourses. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2007.

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Community, Southern African Development. Revised Protocol on Shared Watercourses. Southern African Development Community, 2000.

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Agency, Scottish Environment Protection. Watercourses in the community: A guide to sustainable watercourse management in the urban environment. SEPA, 2000.

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Ontario. Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Fencing of Watercourses to Contgrol Erosion. s.n, 1990.

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Madsen, Bent Lauge. Danish watercourses: Ten years with the new watercourse act : collected examples of maintenance and restoration. Ministry of Environment and Energy, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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Spirin, Yuriy, Sergey Zotov, Evgeniy Krasnov, and Nadezhda Cvetkova. Polder watercourses: research methods and geoecological assessment. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1903343.

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The monograph describes research methods and geoecological assessment of polder lands. The history of research and practical use of surface waters of the Kaliningrad region is characterized, modern problems of their geoecological state are revealed. The characteristic of polder lands as complex natural and economic systems is given, the necessity of geoecological studies of the catchments of small rivers located on them is substantiated. A methodological approach has been developed to assess the geoecological condition of the basins of small watercourses through the combined analysis of

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McIntyre, Owen. Environmental protection of international watercourses under international law. Ashgate, 2007.

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Joint Finnish-Russian Commission on the Utilization of Frontier Watercourses. Cooperation on the frontier watercourses during thirty years. Joint Finnish-Russian Commission on the Utilization of Frontier Watercourses, 1995.

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Beasley, Gary. Macroinvertebrates, heavy metals and PAHs in urban watercourses. University of Leeds, School of Geography, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Watercourses"

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Axe, Matthew. "Green Corridors and Watercourses." In Smart Urban Regeneration. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315677521-12.

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Alasaarela, Erkki, Jouko Havu, Kaisa Heikkinen, and Kjell Weppling. "Neutralization of Acidified Watercourses." In Acidification in Finland. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75450-0_56.

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del Castillo-Laborde, Lilian. "Case Law on International Watercourses." In The Evolution of the Law and Politics of Water. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9867-3_19.

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Scotton, Paolo, Stefano De Toni, and Catia Monauni. "Main Features of Watercourses' Hydrodynamics." In Water Quality Measurements. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470863781.ch3.

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Fitzmaurice, Malgosia, and Olufemi Elias. "Northern European Co-Operation Regarding Watercourses." In Watercourse Co-operation in Northern Europe. T.M.C. Asser Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-617-6_4.

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Jaia, Alessandro Maria, and Laura Ebanista. "The Latium coast from Ostia to Circeo: settlement dynamics in a peculiar context." In Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas: Problems and Measurement Techniques. Firenze University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0556-6.53.

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The contribution aims to investigate the settlement dynamics of the Latium coastal stretch of approximately 100 kilometres between Ostia and Circeo. This is a strip characterized by peculiar geomorphological and hydrographic features which have determined the outcomes of settlement dynamics starting from prehistoric times. After the protohistoric settlement process, also defined by the presence of watercourses and basins, the Latin cities developed in the coastal and para-coastal strip and found their economic basis on the control of the landings. Coastal basins and their landing places and wa

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Bernikovа, T. A., N. N. Nagornova, N. A. Tsoupikova, and S. V. Shibaev. "Environmental Features of Watercourses in the Kaliningrad Region." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_108.

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Devlaeminck, David J. "Sovereignty claims in the law of international watercourses." In Reciprocity and China’s Transboundary Waters. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429291753-3.

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Eckstein, Gabriel. "Groundwater and Aquifers Under the UN Watercourses Convention." In The International Law of Transboundary Groundwater Resources. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315731216-5.

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Schneider, J., Ž. Kalasová, and J. Fialová. "Ecosystem Services and Disservices of Watercourses and Water Areas." In Springer Water. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18363-9_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Watercourses"

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Tretyakov, Victor, Stepan Klubov, Vasiliy Dmitriev, and Anna Nikulina. "ROLE OF UNACCOUNTED SOURCES OF TOTAL NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN THE NEVA BAY ANTHROPOGENIC EUTROPHICATION." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/3.1/s15.50.

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There is a worldwide ecological problem of anthropogenic eutrophication. The problem is especially serious one for the ecosystems of lakes, water-storage basins, and closed seas, such as the Baltic Sea. The eastern part of the sea is the Neva Bay. The water area is totally located within the administrative border of St. Petersburg and is influenced by the megacity. There is monitoring of the total nitrogen and phosphorus inflow into the Neva Bay with water of the Neva River and its spill streams. Nevertheless, there are watercourses entering the bay without points of monitoring. We presented t

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Aydin, Elena. "THE HUMAN IMPACT ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE RIPARIAN VEGETATION IN THE RURAL AREA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s20.37.

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Riparian vegetation of water streams represents dynamic ecosystem, which meets various functions. Since it forms a buffer zone between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, it is of great importance in the ecological stability of landscape. Its importance is even higher nowadays when the effect of human activities on the environment is much stronger than in the past. The structure and quality of the vegetation comprising the riparian zone plays an important role in its ability to provide various ecosystem functions such as filtration of the sediment being transported by the surface runoff du

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Smith, Sheldon, Shannon Enes, Jackie Metcalfe, Rick Guthrie, and Chuck Dubeau. "Does Open Cut Pipeline Installation Affect the Geomorphology of Rivers?" In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9334.

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Abstract Open cut has traditionally been the preferred method of pipeline installation traversing watercourses. It is well understood and accepted that open cut excavation of the channel bed and banks during construction causes temporary disturbance to watercourse and aquatic habitat. Horizontal directional drilling, direct push and other subsurface installation methods can potentially avoid channel bed and bank disturbance but may have unique environmental effects such as frac-outs of drilling fluid. Although highly dependent on site conditions, open cut crossings are generally less costly th

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Jasper, Steve, Jason D. Harris, and Raymond Doering. "The SWAT Approach for Pipeline Watercourse Crossings." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31358.

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This paper describes a multi-year program to assess pipeline crossings of sensitive watercourses along a major pipeline project. During the Front End Engineering and Design (FEED) phase a sensitive watercourse assessment team (SWAT) was established to provide a biophysical and construction assessment of selected watercourses to be crossed by a proposed pipeline project in western Canada. The SWAT comprised a fisheries biologist, a pipeline watercourse construction specialist and other technical support personnel. The field work included assessing biophysical data, fish habitat values, access t

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Ripley, Neil, Elisa Scordo, and Alex Baumgard. "A GIS-Based System to Assess the Environmental Consequence of a Liquid Pipeline Rupture at Watercourse Crossings." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90473.

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BGC Engineering Inc. (BGC) was retained by a large pipeline operator to develop a GIS-based system to assess and rank the environmental consequence of a pipeline rupture on watercourse crossings within their pipeline system. Several physical, biological and socio-economic factors contribute to the environmental consequence of a pipeline rupture on a watercourse. This study examined select spatial and vulnerability factors, and did not consider biologic or economic impacts. Three factors were selected as part of the initial study to prioritize the pipeline watercourse crossings according to: (1

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Nilsson, Karin, Erik Segergren, Jan Sundberg, Elisabeth Sjo¨stedt, and Mats Leijon. "Converting Kinetic Energy in Small Watercourses Using Direct Drive Generators." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51213.

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Tidal currents, ocean currents and unregulated watercourses are all large sources of energy that can be converted into electricity. Several technical and economical solutions within this research area have been demonstrated. In literature there exists two different turbine types, horizontal and vertical axis. The present paper focuses on the design of a permanent magnetized generator directly coupled to a vertical axis turbine. The proposed theoretical concept is adapted to data measurements regarding water current velocities and flow profiles from a Swedish watercourse. A high electromagnetic

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Jadviscok, Petr. "THE DETAILED MAPPING OF WATERCOURSES." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on INFORMATICS, GEOINFORMATICS AND REMOTE SENSING. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/bb2.v2/s09.059.

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Mitrović, Ivana. "SUSTAINABILITY OF BIODIVERSITY IN WATERCOURSES." In 54. godišnja konferencija o aktuelnim problemima korišćenja i zaštite voda. Srpsko društvo za zaštitu voda, 2025. https://doi.org/10.46793/voda25.151m.

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Nature can be preserved, restored, and used sustainably while also achieving various social goals and promoting structural changes. The concept of sustainable development addresses the limitations of previous development models. Sustainability is both a crucial prerequisite and the ultimate goal of the ecological approach to preserving our natural environment Biodiversity represents an evolutionary response to the constant changes in environmental conditions. Protecting ecological diversity is vital for the overall health and functioning of watercourses. Ecological protection establishes objec

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Ruiz-Villanueva, V., A. Badoux, R. Boes, et al. "Large wood research in Swiss watercourses." In The International Conference On Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow 2016). CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315644479-358.

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Ferris, Gerry, Patrick Grover, and Aron Zahradka. "Real Time Rainfall Monitoring for Pipeline Geohazards." In ASME-ARPEL 2021 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2021-63162.

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Abstract Oil and gas pipelines are subjected to multiple types of geohazards which cause pipeline failures (loss of containment); two of the most common types occur at watercourse crossings and at landslides. At watercourse crossings, the most common geohazard which causes pipeline failures is flooding during which excessive scour may result in the exposure of the buried pipeline and if the exposure results in a free spanning pipeline, then this may fail due to fatigue caused by cyclic loading from vortex-induced vibration. Fortunately the free span length and water velocity combinations that

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Reports on the topic "Watercourses"

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Budzich, Jeffrey. PR-685-184506-R02 Additional Hydrotechnical Hazard Pipeline Integrity. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011713.

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The purpose of this document is to identify and discuss hydrotechnical hazards and the threats they pose to an exposed pipeline in a watercourse. The discussion herein is intended to assist operators in identifying and assessing the hazards to facilitate safe operation of the pipeline. Although some topics in this report such as wave-action erosion are also applicable to sub-sea pipelines, they are meant to be applied in context to inland watercourses. The scope of this document is limited to the discussion of threats that could potentially affect the integrity of onshore pipelines at water cr

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Prokopov, Roman Anatolyevich. Determination of hydrographic and physico-geographical characteristics of watercourses and catchments. DOI СODE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/doicode-2023.121.

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Beltman, W. H. J., and G. H. Aalderink. Fate of bromide, nicosulfuron and prosulfocarb in a system of watercourses : Field experiment near Brakel. WOT Natuur & Milieu, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18174/684717.

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Malik, S. M., Waheed-uz-Zaman, and M. Kuper. Farmers' organized behavior in irrigated agriculture in Pakistan's Punjab: a case study of six watercourse command areas in Junejwala Minor, Lower Chenab Canal System. International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2013.038.

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Author, Unknown. L51752 Water Crossing Design and Installation Manual. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010323.

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The pipeline industry has recognized the need for a reference guide to assist design personnel in the selection of the most environmentally appropriate and cost-effective construction techniques for pipeline water and wetland crossings. Operating companies have already been developing, implementing, and perfecting water and wetland crossing techniques and associated preventative, mitigative, and monitoring procedures in order to minimize the impacts on water quality and associated habitat. However, these activities, to date have largely been performed on an individual basis with little transfe

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Hudgens, Bian, Jene Michaud, Megan Ross та ін. Natural resource condition assessment: Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293943.

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Natural Resource Condition Assessments (NRCAs) evaluate current conditions of natural resources and resource indicators in national park units (parks). NRCAs are meant to complement—not replace—traditional issue- and threat-based resource assessments. NRCAs employ a multi-disciplinary, hierarchical framework within which reference conditions for natural resource indicators are developed for comparison against current conditions. NRCAs do not set management targets for study indicators, and reference conditions are not necessarily ideal or target conditions. The goal of a NRCA is to deliver sci

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