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Journal articles on the topic 'Watercourses'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Koski, Christian, Pyry Kettunen, Justus Poutanen, and Juha Oksanen. "Mapping small watercourses with deep learning – impact of training watercourse types separately." AGILE: GIScience Series 3 (June 11, 2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-3-43-2022.

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Abstract. Deep learning methods for semantic segmentation have shown great potential in automating mapping of geospatial features, including small watercourses such as streams and ditches. There are a variety of small watercourse types. In many use cases users are only interested in specific types of watercourses. However, the impact on results from neural networks trained with only some types of small watercourses, compared to all types of watercourses is not well known. We trained four deep learning models to semantically segment watercourses from an elevation model. One model was trained wi

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Sluchevskaya, Yu A. "Problems of formation of an international regime of the joint use and protection of international watercourses." Lex Russica, no. 3 (April 5, 2019): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.148.3.073-086.

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The article is devoted to the problem of formation of modern international legal regime of joint use and protection of international watercourses that is aimed at effective provision of water to the States of international watercourse with due respect to new challenges and threats that have a negative impact on international water resources. The model is based on the concept of “international watercourse” that has the following features: 1) international watercourses include surface and ground waters; 2) a spatial and territorial criterion of an international watercourse that means crossing of

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3

Lampartová, Ivana, and Jiří Schneider. "Possibilities of Evaluation of the Recreational Potential of Close to Nature Watercourses." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 4 (2014): 799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462040799.

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Creation of close-to-nature river beds is one of the results of watercourses revitalization. Watercourses are segments in the country increasing its recreational potential.The recreational potential of watercourses contributes to rich diversity of animal and plant species. They are well-preserved natural environment with a different atmosphere and an interesting psychological effect. The current goal of revitalization measures in the landscape primarily consists of the optimization of landscape water regime, incl. flood control measures and the promotion of biodiversity, but the current philos

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4

Gwynn, Maria A. "Adapting Watercourse Agreements to Developments in International Law." Brill Research Perspectives in International Water Law 4, no. 1 (2019): 3–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23529369-12340013.

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AbstractThe United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses (UN Watercourses Convention) recommends that states apply and adapt their watercourse agreements to the provisions of the UN Watercourses Convention. To explore the advantages of abiding to crucial developments in international water law, environmental law, and climate change law, this monograph will analyze the most important hydroelectric energy treaty in the South American region, the Itaipu Treaty. The monograph will argue that adapting watercourse agreements to developments in inter

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Baitchorov, V. M., M. D. Moroz, Yu G. Hihiniak, and I. Ju Giginyak. "Aquatic invertebrates of watercourses of the Republican landscape reserve “Naliboksky” (Belarus)." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series 69, no. 2 (2024): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2024-69-2-110-119.

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Studies of watercourses of the Republican landscape reserve “Naliboksky” have revealed 134 lower defined taxa (LDTs) belonging to 3 types of invertebrates: Mollusca – 25, Annelida – 8, Arthropoda – 101 LDTs. A total of 106 taxonomic elements were identified to the species, of which 68 were new to the water bodies of the reserve. From 18 to 54 LTDs were collected in each watercourse. The average number of identified LTDs in the watercourse was 31.9 LTDs. The number of aquatic invertebrates in the studied watercourses varied from 18 to 776 specimens, the average value of this indicator was 234.6

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Kong, Lingjie. "The Dispute over the Status and Use of the Waters of the Silala case and the customary rules on the definition of international watercourse." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law 29, no. 3 (2020): 322–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/reel.12377.

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The International Court of Justice is to determine, in the Dispute over the Status and Use of the Waters of the Silala case, the international status of the waters in question by customary rules of international law. In its identification of the existence and contents of the applicable rules on the definition of international watercourse, the Court may refer to the United Nations Watercourses Convention, other international instruments, State practice and international jurisprudence. The decisive fact for finding an international watercourse is that the components of the watercourse are situat

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Rashidian, Elnaz. "Rivers in the making; the definition of “Nahr” as a hybrid watercourse based on geoarchaeological evidence from Southwestern Iran." Water History 13, no. 2 (2021): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12685-021-00283-7.

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AbstractThis paper explores a new perspective to study the settlement dynamics of riverine landscapes by addressing human–environment interaction in the Ancient Near East through integration of remote sensing, new geodata, and developing a definition of a new category of a watercourse. The complex and entangled network of watercourses in the archaeologically crucial region of southwestern Iran, the Greater Susiana, hinders a clear view of the spatial relations between ancient settlements and their respective environments. The watercourses are known to be of either natural (rivers) or anthropog

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Nadeem, Abdul Majeed, Tariq Ali, Wei Wei, Qi Cui, and Shaoan Huang. "Can Irrigation Conditions Improve Farmers’ Subjective Well-being? An Investigation in Rural Pakistan." Water 13, no. 4 (2021): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040505.

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In many developing countries, including Pakistan, the enormous water losses due to outdated irrigation infrastructure threaten livelihoods and food security, while investment in the development of efficiency improvements can help the countries to cope with water scarcity and improve farmers’ wellbeing. This study evaluates how rural farmers’ decisions regarding improving irrigation watercourses and other irrigation conditions affect their wellbeing. We employ hypothesis testing and an ordered logit model on field survey data of 300 farming households from rural Pakistan. The mean test results

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9

Lebotse, Kabelo Kenneth. "Southern African Development Community Protocol on Shared Watercourses: Challenges of Implementation." Leiden Journal of International Law 12, no. 1 (1999): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156599000059.

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The Rundu – Grootfontein Project, a project by which Namibia wants to divert waters of the Okavango river, may significantly affect the flow of that river through Botswana. The present paper discusses and tests rules of global and regional international watercourse law as to their applicability to the problems posed by the project. In this respect the UN Framework Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, as well as the Southern African Development Community Protocol on Shared Watercourses form the main focal point.

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Piętka, Sławomir, and Wojciech Misiukiewicz. "Impact of European Beaver (Castor fiber L.) on Vegetation Diversity in Protected Area River Valleys." Conservation 2, no. 4 (2022): 613–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/conservation2040040.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of European beaver (Castor fiber L.) on vegetation diversity and the expansion of non-native plant species in areas surrounding watercourses in Polesie National Park, Poland. The investigation was carried out within six watercourses inhabited by beavers and four comparison watercourses where beaver were absent. European beaver living in the park had a small excursion range, reaching a maximum distance of 25 m from the watercourse so that effects on vegetation diversity were limited to the immediate vicinity of the watercourse. Beaver significantl

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11

Somlyai, Berta, Nagy, et al. "Heterogeneity and Anthropogenic Impacts on a Small Lowland Stream." Water 11, no. 10 (2019): 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102002.

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During our work, we investigated the physical and chemical variables of a small surface watercourse to investigate how different anthropogenic effects affect its water quality. Along this small watercourse, there are well-separated areas that are affected by various anthropogenic effects. In addition to its origin and branches, in many places it is surrounded by agricultural land with insufficient buffer zones, which burdens the small watercourse with nitrogen and phosphorus forms. In the lower stages, artificial damming inhibits the natural flow of the Tócó Canal, thereby creating eutrophicat

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Vangh, Andrew V. "PFAS and International Water Law: Implications for the Prevention, Reduction, and Control of Pollution under Art. 21 of the 1997 UN Watercourses Convention." Global Journal of Politics and Law Research 10, no. 7 (2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/gjplr.2013/vol10n71322.

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Discovered in the 1930s, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a family of thousands of human-made chemicals that are attractive for many applications. The persistence of PFAS in the environment has led to PFAS to bioconcentrate, bioaccumulate, and biomagnify in human beings and the environment. Recent studies have determined potential and actual adverse impacts on human health and the environment as a result of such exposure to PFAS. Water is believed to be the main pathway by which PFAS is transferred and diffused into the environment and ultimately entering into contact with human

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Türk, Özge, and Necdet Türk. "Sharing transboundary waters." E3S Web of Conferences 346 (2022): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234603005.

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Sharing the water of transboundary watercourses sometimes become a source of dispute between riparian states. A general method to share the water of transboundary watercourses has not yet been applied. This article examines existing practices, disputes, and criteria of some of the international financial institutions to propose a simple water-sharing method to allocate the water of the transboundary watercourses between riparian states. This method will help each riparian country to know how much water it will get from the transboundary water flow. So, states can plan on how to divide water be

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14

Sheshnev, Aleksandr, Mikhail Reshetnikov, and Oleg Gerasimov. "CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF WATERCOURSES IN THE TOWNOF VOLSK (SARATOV REGION)." LIFE OF THE EARTH 46, no. 4 (2024): 418–28. https://doi.org/10.29003/m4331.0514-7468.2020_46_4/418-428.

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For many decades, two main watercourses in the town of Volsk (Saratov region) have been serving the transit function of sewage effluents to the Volgograd reservoir. Sampling of bottom sediments was carried out along the length of the Verkhnyaya and Nizhnyaya Malykovka watercourses in order to analyze the specificity of the chemical composition of alluvial formations under technogenic impact conditions. The fraction of technogenic particles (plastics, coal, paint, synthetic fibers, etc.) was 4-20%. In terms of chemical composition, alluvium is represented by silicites with varying degrees of cl

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Kelleway, Jeff, Debashish Mazumder, G. Glenn Wilson, et al. "Trophic structure of benthic resources and consumers varies across a regulated floodplain wetland." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 4 (2010): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09113.

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Riverine food webs are often laterally disconnected (i.e. between watercourses) in regulated floodplain wetlands for prolonged periods. We compared the trophic structure of benthic resources and consumers (crustaceans and fish) of the three watercourses in a regulated floodplain wetland (the Gwydir Wetlands, Australia) that shared the same source water but were laterally disconnected. The crustaceans Cherax destructor (yabby), Macrobrachium australiense (freshwater prawn), the exotic fish Cyprinus carpio (European carp) and Carassius auratus (goldfish) showed significantly different δ13C value

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Žulkus, Vladas, and Nikita Dobrotin. "Prehistoric settlements and rivers in the Lithuanian coastal area in the Early Holocene." Archaeologia Baltica 29 (December 27, 2022): 100–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v29i0.2474.

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The search for sites inhabited by humans of the Late Palaeolithic to Mesolithic period on the coasts of Lithuania is closely related to the coastal and underwater relicts of the Early Holocene and palaeo-watercourses. This article presents the results of coastal, underwater and seismic seabed surveys. The estuaries of the rivers of the Late Mesolithic period could have been at the present seabed level at a depth of 30 m or even deeper. The watercourse sites of the Littorina Sea stage are in shallow coastal waters. At the latitude of Šventoji, Palanga, Klaipėda, Juodkrantė and the area of the N

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17

Arcari, Maurizio. "The Codification of the Law of International Watercourses: the draft articles adopted by the International Law Commission." Anuario Español de Derecho Internacional 13 (August 21, 2018): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/010.13.28538.

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1. Introduction.- 2. Background and overview of the ILC Draft Articles: A) Background of the ILC work on international watercourses; B) Survey of the Draft Articles adopted in 1994 by the ILC.- 3. The scope of the Draft Articles: A) The definition of imernational watercourse; B) The probiem of transboundary confined groundwaters.- 4. The general principies: A) The principie of equitable utilization; B) The obligation not to cause significant harm; C) The relationship between the equitable utilization and the duty not to cause significant harm.- 5. The protection of international watercourses:

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18

Vladimirtseva, O. V. "Method for Revealing Placer Gold Source." Mining Science and Technology 4, no. 4 (2020): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2019-4-273-281.

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Material characteristics of placer gold and geological and geomorphological features of placercontaining watercourses allow revealing the type of source that formed the placer. The studied area (the middle reach of theAdychaRiver, Verkhoyansk District, Yakutia) is characterized by highly developed placer gold mineralization both in ancient terrace sediments and high-order watercourses. The significant placer gold mineralization in the high-order watercourses, at very limited number of known bedrock gold deposits suggests the presence of not yet discovered bedrock gold mineralization. Revealing

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19

Sudoł, Ewa. "Identification of shorelines for natural watercourses with the use of point cloud." E3S Web of Conferences 71 (2018): 00014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187100014.

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The article presents the method of identifying the shorelines for natural watercourses located in agricultural and forest areas in accordance with applicable law. In the process of developing methods for identification and verification of the actual course of watercourses, data from the cadastral map was used in the form of a vector drawing of borders and a database with border points in ZRD, BPP attributes, metadata and point clouds. The identification of the course of a watercourse on shrubbery and wooded areas as well as on-screen vectorization of the shoreline is cumbersome, and in some ca

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Petrochenko, Oleksiy V., and Vyacheslav I. Petrochenko. "Analysis of terminological definitions of natural phenomena associated with rising water levels in watercourses and flooding." Environmental safety and natural resources 40, no. 4 (2021): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.139-148.

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To define natural phenomena associated with an increase in flow rates and water levels in watercourses and flooding of settlements and territories outside the coastline, there are a significant number of terms in the Ukrainian language, some of which are perceived as synonyms. The use of all these terms in information materials and reports of natural phenomena associated with the problem of intensive increase in costs and water levels in watercourses, or the problem of "high water", of course, makes some sense. However, when solving the problem of "high water", which is to develop and implemen

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Alokhina, Tetiana. "Rivers revitalisation: approaches to decision." E3S Web of Conferences 166 (2020): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016601010.

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The article is focused on the successful implementation of the global goals of restoring water objects in the context of sustainable development that is impossible without solving the regional problems of local watercourses and reservoirs reviving. It is emphasized that awareness of riparian spaces role as ecological corridors and importance of the healthy functioning of the river network through the revitalisation of even minor watercourses leads to growth attention to this problem in an increasing number of countries. On the example of the Slepiotka River in Katowice and Inhulets River in Kr

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Clark, E. Ann. "Landscape variables affecting livestock impacts on water quality in the humid temperate zone." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 2 (1998): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-140.

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The potential for impact by grazing livestock on unprotected watercourses may vary with climate, with landscape level factors including the landform within which the pasture is located, with the biophysical characteristics of the watercourse itself, and with pasture and grazing management practices. Policies seeking to implement cost-effective measures to protect downstream water quality need to acknowledge large-scale as well as small-scale processes which can moderate or exacerbate potential sources of pollution. Applied and scholarly evidence suggest that unrestricted livestock access accou

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Borkowski, Grzegorz, Adam Młynarczyk, Artur Plichta, and Remigiusz Tritt. "Selected methods for determining inconclusively identifiable shorelines of watercourses and lakes." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 117, no. 1 (2024): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2024-0004.

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Abstract The determination of a lake or natural watercourse shoreline is the subject of various administrative proceedings relating to, among others, the engineering of riverbeds, construction of hydro-technical facilities, remediation work, land division, or delimitation of parcels. The provisions of law, while laying out the rules for determining shorelines, do not explicitly specify the measurement method to follow. All the more so, as many shores of lakes and watercourses are among terrain details that are difficult to measure due to their varied accessibility, which depends on the terrain

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Trihastuti, Nanik, Pulung Widhi Hari Hananto, and Daniel Rene Kandou. "The Utilisation of International Watercourses from an International Environmental Law Perspective." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 20, no. 1 (2023): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw230006.

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The international watercourse concept is one of the multilateral commitments to maintain water quality and control the utilisation of water. This concept aims to provide preventive measures for water pollution caused by the international community. With the importance of industrialisation, economic activities and uncontrolled use of water significantly impact water quality being polluted and resulting in reduced water discharge. Problems and conflicts will arise if there is an action from one of the States or the international community that violates international provisions. This research use

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Michálek, Tomáš, and Michaela Červeňanská. "UAV systémy v procesu sbírání údajů pro využití ve vodním hospodářství." AEROjournal 22, no. 1 (2024): 10–14. https://doi.org/10.26552/aer.c.2024.1.2.

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Once every few years there is a necessity to measure the transverse profiles of watercourses within the water management of the Slovak Republic. These are particularly important for the creation of 3D models of watercourses, which aresubsequently used to delineate floodplains or as a means of simulating the maximum possible water flow through a given watercourse. However, the current method of data collection for creating these 3D models is very lengthy and inefficient. Thus, this research is concerned with the design of a new method of data collection for the creation of 3D models, specifical

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Rimac, Anja, Antun Alegro, Vedran Šegota, Nina Vuković, and Nikola Koletić. "Ecological Preferences and Indication Potential of Freshwater Bryophytes–Insights from Croatian Watercourses." Plants 11, no. 24 (2022): 3451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11243451.

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A comprehensive survey of Croatian watercourses covering the whole of the national territory and investigating inherent watercourse heterogeneity was conducted to explore the ecological responses of the most frequent freshwater bryophytes with respect to water chemistry variables and land use within the catchment area. Direct multivariate ordination (CCA) of vegetation data paired with 18 environmental variables revealed that freshwater bryophytes and their assemblages were segregated along the gradients of water chemistry and the proportion of natural and urban area within the catchment. Gene

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Preradovic, Gordana. "Cooperation between reparian states on issues of utilization and protection of international watercourses with reference to activities of the Sava Commission." Medjunarodni problemi 66, no. 1-2 (2014): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1402183p.

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The paper analyses all forms of cooperation between states, which is essential when it comes to the matters of management, utilisation and protection of international watercourses. The most common way of cooperation is the establishment and action of international river commissions. Other forms of cooperation are manifested by holding of mutual consultations and providing notifications on relevant facts and circumstances for specific watercourse as well as by joint monitoring and evaluation of the conditions and data which are relevant for the prevention of causing damages to another state. In

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Hanus, Paweł, and Piotr Benduch. "Technical aspects and consequences of establishing the shoreline in Poland." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 116, no. 1 (2023): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2023-0014.

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Abstract The shifting of the shoreline is a natural phenomenon closely related to the existence of watercourses. One of its consequences is the need to periodically update the real estate cadastre with regard to parcel boundaries and their owners. Land use types use are also subject to updates, which bears particular significance in this context. This article presents the most essential practical aspects of establishing the shoreline in Poland, including the identification of property boundaries located in the immediate vicinity of watercourses. The main problems associated with conducting the

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Yusuf, Ali MOHAMMED. "The Guiding Legal Regime and Institutional Arrangement of Transboundary Watercourse: a Review." International Journal of Water Management and Diplomacy 1, no. 4 (2022): 75–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7493130.

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Among contentious international law issues, the transboundary watercourse management, which is exhibited with a conflicting states interest, is at the center of international law discussion. In order to vividly grasp the very essence behind such conflicting states interest, it is quite important to understand how – the international water law works, and – its institutional platform arrangements are established. Hence, a comprehensive review concerning the guiding legal regime and institutional arrangement of transboundary watercourse is very crucial. In the above vein, at the backd

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Kubiak-Wójcicka, Katarzyna, Sławomir Brózda, and Agnieszka Sznajder. "Hydrographic changes in a river system and their influence on the legal classification of watercourses, exemplified by selected tributaries of the San river." Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series 12, no. 1 (2017): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgeo-2017-0001.

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Abstract The paper presents hydrographic changes in a river system and their influence on the legal classification of watercourses in Poland. As a case study, the watercourse Motwica, right tributary of the river San has been analysed. The main objective of this paper is an attempt to analyse whether the Motwica should be classified as flowing or standing water and the legal grounds for such classification in the Water Law Act. On the base of archival and contemporary cartographic materials’ analysis it has been determined that the Motwica should not be classified as natural watercourse becaus

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Meshel, Tamar. "Transboundary watercourses, dams and human migration: an international water law perspective." Cambridge International Law Journal 9, no. 2 (2020): 154–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/cilj.2020.02.03.

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This article examines the potential contribution of international water law (IWL) to alleviating the negative cross-border impacts of ‘dam-induced migration’, the displacement of individuals or communities resulting from dam construction. While much has been written on efforts to deal with this global problem in other areas of international law, the application of IWL in this context has yet to be meaningfully explored. But since dams are frequently constructed on transboundary watercourses, the principles of IWL (no significant harm, equitable and reasonable utilisation, and the duty to coope

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Thoirain, B., C. Husson, and B. Marçais. "Risk Factors for the Phytophthora-Induced Decline of Alder in Northeastern France." Phytopathology® 97, no. 1 (2007): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-0099.

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A lethal disease of common alder caused by Phytophthora alni, a new hybrid pathogen, has been spreading in Europe since the early 1990s. In 2004, we conducted an epidemiological survey in northeastern France to determine disease frequency and to investigate the impact of environmental factors on disease prevalence. Seventy-eight plots in the Rhin-Meuse basin were investigated. The survey was structured to enable critical examination of the possible impact of nitrogen pollution of the river water on disease prevalence. P. alni-induced alder decline was common throughout northeastern France. Alt

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Osadchaya, L. I., and L. A. Nichkova. "CONSTRUCTIVE-GEOGRAPHICAL APPROACH IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE DISCHARGE OF WATER FROM STORAGE PONDS TO THE LIMITS OF RIVER BASINS." Construction economic and environmental management 79, no. 2 (2022): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2519-4453-2021-2-17-26.

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The article is devoted to the development of a constructive and geographical approach to regulating the impact of the discharge of water from storage ponds within river basins with reference to the real situation of a particular large watercourse. It is established that the solution of the problem of minimizing the influence of the storage pond within the natural geographical stage is possible by optimizing the functioning of the natural-man-made system «mine-storage pond-natural watercourses». The management of the functioning of this system involves the regulation of the volume of discharge

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Havlíčková, Simona. "The assessment of vegetative accompaniment of watercourses in reference to category of water flow." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 54, no. 5 (2006): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200654050013.

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Woody and herbal growth growing on banks and along watercourses are called vegetative accompaniment of watercourses. In the Czech Republic, there has not been a unified methodology for the assessment of vegetative accompaniment of watercourses. Main objective of the work was to desing a simple methodology for the assessment of vegetative accompaniment of watercourses, verify it for each individual category of watercourses and formulate principles of measures to improve its status. The methodology for the assessment of vegetative accompaniment was developed on the basis of literature search and

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Szabó, László József, Csilla Vajda, Petra Éva Szalay, Olga Kis, Margit Miskolczi, and György Dévai. "Change of morphometric and allometric patterns on wings of banded demoiselle (Calopteryx splendens) males in case of ecologically different watercourse types." Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 68, no. 1 (2022): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.17109/azh.68.1.99.2022.

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In the nature, larvae living in watercourses are exposed to a complex system of environmental influences. It is known that different watercourse types (creeks, brooks, streams, little rivers and medial rivers) provide different conditions for larval development (water depth, flow rate, temperature, oxygen content, substrate type, nutrient supply, etc.). These conditions can vary significantly between watercourse types, but be very similar within types. In this work, we examined the body sizes and wing morphometric characteristics of males of Calopteryx splendens reared from different watercour

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Jayaweera, Mahesh, Gimhani Danushika, Nilanthi Bandara, et al. "Urban Watercourses in Peril: Implications of Phthalic Acid Esters on Aquatic Ecosystems Caused by Urban Sprawl." Water 11, no. 3 (2019): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030519.

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Urban sprawl worldwide warrants the use of large quantities of industrial and household products containing phthalic acid esters (PAEs) resulting in adverse impacts on the quality of aquatic life in urban watercourses. The presence of six PAEs (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di(n-octyl) phthalate (DnOP)) in 22 shallow urban watercourses in Colombo and suburbs of Sri Lanka was investigated. The average concentrations of DEP, DBP, BBP, and DEHP in all watercourses varied between

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Nikic, Zoran, Ratko Ristic, Nenad Maric, and Vukasin Milcanovic. "Contribution to the interpretation of the role of geoenvironment in extreme discharges of the Rosomack River - Visok kraj." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 118 (2018): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1818087n.

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Annex to the interpretation of the role of geoenvironment in the formation of extreme discharges of the Rosomacka River provides exact and empirical evidence of the significance and the need for its knowledge. For hydrologically unstudied watercourses, especially for those which do not have continuity of discharges, the knowledge of the role of geoenvironment in the emergence of their extreme discharges contributes to a more realistic response to practical water management issues, protection against adverse effects of waters, defining the ecological aspect of watercourses under the influence o

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Bourne, Charles B. "The Primacy of the Principle of Equitable Utilization in the 1997 Watercourses Convention." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 35 (1998): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800006639.

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SummaryThe International Law Commission wrestled for over a decade with the relationship between the principle of equitable utilization and the no harm principle in its work on the law of the non-navigational uses of international watercourses. In its final Report to the UN General Assembly on this topic in 1994, the Commission presented a set of Draft Articles couched in obscure language that reflected the sharp differences of opinion on the matter and the compromises that had been made. This division of opinion about the relationship between these two principles persisted in the Working Grou

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Birnie, Pat. "Pollution of international watercourses." International Affairs 61, no. 4 (1985): 690–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2617733.

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Rieu-Clarke, Alistair. "The role of treaties in building international watercourse regimes: a legal perspective on existing knowledge." Water Policy 12, no. 6 (2010): 822–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.039.

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The global water policy agenda has long called for a holistic approach to water resources management. However, key challenges remain in turning policy into practice, not least in managing conflict and enhancing cooperation over international watercourses. Towards such an endeavour, a better understanding of the role of watercourse treaties is needed. To date, much of the non-legal literature has failed to capture fully the unique characteristics of the international legal system. Conversely, much of the legal scholarship has failed to account for the social, economic and political context in w

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Reid, Scott M., Scott Stoklosar, Serge Metikosh, and Jim Evans. "Effectiveness of Isolated Pipeline Crossing Techniques to Mitigate Sediment Impacts on Brook Trout Streams." Water Quality Research Journal 37, no. 2 (2002): 473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2002.031.

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Abstract Stream populations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) are sensitive to sediment-caused changes to habitat, i.e., increased embeddedness of bed material. The use of watercourse crossing techniques (dam and pump, and flume methods) that isolate the construction site by diverting flow around the crossing has often been promoted as a means of controlling the amount of sediment released, particularly for those watercourses with sensitive fish species or habitats. However, few case studies have evaluated the effectiveness of isolated crossing construction techniques to mitigate the effe

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Zhinzhakova, Liliya Zuberovna, and Elena Alexandrovna Cherednik. "TO THE QUESTION OF COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE WATER IN THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS DURING WINTER BETWEEN AND SUMMER FLOOD." Chronos 6, no. 5(55) (2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2658-7556-55-5-7.

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Based on long-term observations, the assessment of the pollution of the rivers of the Central Caucasus was carried out by comparing the calculated coefficients of the complexity of pollution and the specific combinatorial index of pollution of surface waters, and the quality classes were determined. The results of chemical analysis of the concentration levels of trace impurities (Mo, Pb, Zn, V, Ni, Cr, Mn, Ag) and inorganic nitrogen compounds (NO2 -, NO3 — and NH4 +) in the waters of 13 rivers in two permanent sections of each watercourse were used. The results of calculating the indicators of

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Kantsiber, Yu A., A. B. Ponomarev, and V. I. Shtykov. "Optimization of hydrological calculations of surface and drainage water runoff treatment systems." BIO Web of Conferences 130 (2024): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202413003021.

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Objective: to develop a method for determining the optimal hydrological characteristics of treatment systems for polluted surface and drainage water. Methods: Pollutant balance equation is applied. For comparison, the technique of the Vodgeo Research Institute was used. The costs of cleaning and environmental damage from pollution of watercourses under various options of water content of the year and parameters of treatment facilities were investigated. The types of pollutants (suspended materials and petroleum products) and the effluent separation factor in the separation chambers were select

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Murcia, María. "The Environmental Protection of Wetlands under International Law." Wetland Science and Practice 30, no. 4 (2013): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/ucrt083-300.

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The environmental protection of wetlands under international law is accomplished through various methods including conventions, customary principles of international water law and decisions of the International Court of Justice. The most representative instrument is the Ramsar Convention, which specifically focuses on wetlands protection through conservation and “wise use” of such an ecosystem and its resources. The principles of international water law codified in the 1997 United Nations Watercourses Convention provide a management approach to be applied to each watercourse, requiring all wat

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Koski, Christian, Pyry Kettunen, Justus Poutanen, Lingli Zhu, and Juha Oksanen. "Mapping Small Watercourses from DEMs with Deep Learning—Exploring the Causes of False Predictions." Remote Sensing 15, no. 11 (2023): 2776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15112776.

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Vector datasets of small watercourses, such as rivulets, streams, and ditches, are important for many visualization and analysis use cases. Mapping small watercourses with traditional methods is laborious and costly. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are state-of-the-art computer vision methods that have been shown to be effective for extracting geospatial features, including small watercourses, from LiDAR point clouds, digital elevation models (DEMs), and aerial images. However, the cause of the false predictions by machine-learning models is often not thoroughly explored, and thus the imp

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Devlaeminck, David J., and Xisheng Huang. "China and the global water conventions in light of recent developments: Time to take a second look?" Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law 29, no. 3 (2020): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/reel.12363.

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AbstractChina is an important yet often misunderstood upstream neighbour on many transboundary watercourses. In 1997, after participating in the drafting process of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non‐navigational Uses of International Watercourses, China, along with Burundi and Turkey, voted against the Convention. Since that time, however, both China’s practice and the law of international watercourses have evolved. In explanation of its vote, China provided four reasons including a lack of general agreement, that the Convention did not recognize sovereignty, that select prov

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Sheliuk, Y., L. Shevchuk, and M. Moshkivska. "ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF URBANIZED TERRITORIES ACCORDING TO THE STRUCTURE OF HYDROBIONT GROUPS." Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences, no. 3 (October 11, 2023): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.76-90.

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The paper proves the possibility of conducting water quality assessment using such an indicator as the species assemblage of Unionidae habitats for the purpose of conducting local bioindication. According to the species assemblage of Unionidae habitats, it was established that of the five analyzed sites of material collection of the main stream of the Teteriv River, in one case the water quality can be assessed as "Dirty", which corresponds to the IV water quality class, and in three cases as "Contaminated", which corresponds to the III class, and in another one - as "Good" - II class of quali

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Kistemann, T., T. Claßen, C. Koch, et al. "Microbial Load of Drinking Water Reservoir Tributaries during Extreme Rainfall and Runoff." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 5 (2002): 2188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.5.2188-2197.2002.

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ABSTRACT Hygienic and microbiological examinations of watercourses are usually not carried out during heavy rainfall and runoff events. After rainfall or snowmelt, there are often massive increases in turbidity in flooding creeks in mountain ranges, which are frequently interpreted as an indication of microbial contamination. The aim of this study was to quantify the microbial loads of watercourses during such runoff events and to compare these loads with loads occurring during regular conditions. In a 14-month monitoring period we investigated the microbial loads of three tributaries of diffe

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Mbianda Nfong-Ya, Orline Lesley, Jean De Dieu Nzila, Raison Félicien Louzayadio Mvouezolo, et al. "Water, Sanitation, Waste Management, and Professional Activities in Relation to Diseases with Neighboring Citizens of Congo Rivers in the Brazzaville Agglomeration (Republic of Congo)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 20, no. 20 (2024): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n20p60.

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Situated on the right bank of the Pool Malébo, in the Congo River basin, the city of Brazzaville is rich in potential water resources. These resources are polluted by human practices that deteriorate the quality of the soil and, consequently, the quality of the water. The aim of this study is therefore to inventory the activities carried out by the population around watercourses, to investigate waste management and to assess the impact on water and soil quality. The survey sample was selected on the basis of impacted zones located between 250 m and 750 m around watercourses. The aim of this st

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Salman, Salman M. A. "Notification concerning Planned Measures on Shared Watercourses." Brill Research Perspectives in International Water Law 4, no. 2 (2019): 1–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23529369-12340014.

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AbstractNotification of co-riparian states of planned measures on shared watercourses has been widely accepted as an established principle of international water law, and is codified and elaborated in the United Nations Watercourses Convention. However, despite this wide acceptance, issues have arisen in operationalizing notification, and in dealing with the different types of responses that may ensue following notification. The World Bank has been financing projects on international watercourses since its inception in the late 1940s, and has built an extensive wealth of policies and experienc

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