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René, N’GANZOUA Kouamé, KOUASSI N’Dri Jacob, YAO Jean-Jaurès, ANGOUA Kouamé Cyrille, ZRO Bi Gohi Ferdinand, and BAKAYOKO Sidiky. "Effect of Water Regime and Organic Amendment on Agromorphological Parameters of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Grown in the Open Field on Gleysol in Diabo Department, Central Côte d’Ivoire." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, no. 11 (2024): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i114529.
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The aim of the study was to improve the productivity of the PADMA 108 F1 tomato grown in the field on gleysol in the off-season by the combined application of a water regime and an organic amendment. The study took place in the off-season (July-August) in 2022 at Yomian-Kouadiokro (7°49N, 5°9W) in the Gbêkê region and Diabo department of central Côte d'Ivoire. The methodology consisted in clearing a hydromorphic fallow (a gleysol) of about 10 years and delimiting microplots in randomized Fisher blocks of 3 replicates. In each replication, 12 microplots of 5m2 were distributed in 3 blocks, each comprising 4 treatments (poultry manure and sawdust composts, NPK12-22-22 fertilizer and the no-fertilizer control). In each microplot, tomato seedlings were transplanted into 10 pots. At transplanting, fertilizers were applied as a basal fertilizer at a rate of 0.5Kg/pack (poultry droppings and sawdust) and 85g/pack of NPK at the foot of the tomato compared with the control. After planting, a regular watering of 60 liters of water was applied to each block using a watering can (10L), subjecting the seedlings to a specific watering regime of 7 waterings/week, 4 waterings/week and 2 waterings/week. The results showed a highly significant specific effect of watering 7 times/week and of the organic amendment (poultry droppings) on the agromorphological parameters with the highest values compared with the other treatments. On the other hand, the best values for tomato agromorphological parameters were obtained with the combined effect of watering 2 times/week with organic amendments (poultry manure compost), NPK 12-22-22 mineral fertilizer and sawdust compost to some extent. In conclusion, this study shows that to improve the productivity of the PADMA 108 F1 tomato in the ecosystem studied in the off-season, a watering regime of 2 waterings per week is appropriate, regardless of the type of treatment applied (organic or mineral fertilizers).
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Solla, A., and L. Gil. "Influence of water stress on Dutch elm disease symptoms in Ulmus minor." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 8 (2002): 810–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-067.
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The response of Ulmus minor Miller to Dutch elm disease was observed under combined heavy and light watering regimes. Ramets of two clones, planted in pots, were divided into two groups and each group underwent a different watering regime: heavy initial watering followed by light watering and light initial watering followed by heavy watering. The changeover in watering took place on May 29, 1998, 15 days after plants had been inoculated with a Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier spore suspension. Greater wilting was evident in elms subjected to the heavy initial watering followed by light watering regime than those subjected to light initial watering followed by heavy watering. Non-inoculated plants subjected to heavy initial watering followed by light watering developed large vessel diameters during the heavy watering period and showed approximately 20% wilting during the light watering period. Non-inoculated plants subjected to light initial watering followed by heavy watering developed vessels with smaller diameters during the light watering period, and showed no wilting. The evidence suggests that large vessel formation prior to inoculation associated with water stress after infection increases Dutch elm disease symptoms. The role of water stress in the development of Dutch elm disease symptoms and the implications for elm resistance and breeding are discussed.Key words: field elm, Dutch elm disease, water relations, xylem vessels, breeding, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi.
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Nathaniel, L. K., M. I. Auyo, I. I. Dangora, and T. Mustapha. "Antibacterial effects of leaf extracts from <i>Aloe vera</i> and <i>Cassia tora</i> subjected to varying watering regimes on <i>Salmonella typhi</i> and <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 10, no. 2c (2024): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i2c.6.
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This study was undertaken to investigate the antibacterial activity of A. vera and C. tora subjected to different watering regimes on S. typhi and S. pneumoniae. Leaves from A. vera and C. tora exposed to different watering regimes of Daily (Control), 2, 4 and 8 days was used to prepare methanolic extracts at a concentration of 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/ml using double-fold dilution method, using DMSO and Augmentin (625 mg/ml) as negative and positive controls. The antibacterial sensitivity was determined by measuring the zone of inhibition, followed by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The result showed that, on S. typhi, highest zone of inhibition of 21.5 mm and 18.0 mm on S. pneumoniae were observed at 100 mg/ml when C. tora received daily watering. There was no significant difference on the zone of inhibition of the extract across the watering regimes when the concentration was 100 mg/ml. Extract from A. vera resulted in the highest zone of inhibition of 22.3 and 16.8 mm on S. typhi and S. pneumoniae at 100 mg/ml at Daily watering regime. On both pathogens tested, the MIC of C. tora extract was found to be 50 mg/ml on Daily and 2-Day watering regimes, and increased to 100 mg/ml at 4 and 8-Days on S. typhi; while A. vera exhibited 50 mg/ml MIC across the watering regimes on both S. typhi and S. pneumoniae. The MBC was found to be 50 mg/ml of C. tora extract on both test organisms, while in A. vera was much specific at 4-Day watering regime. Both A. vera and C. tora extra
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Ivanova, Valeria, and Nadejda Zapryanova. "The change in the biometric and physiological parameters of aster (Callistephus chinensis), helichrysum (Helichrysum bracteatum) and echinacea (Echinaceae purpurea) under conditions of induced water deficit." Agricultural Sciences 13, no. 30 (2021): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2021.30.001.
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The global climate models predict changed precipitation patterns with frequent episodes of drought. Scarcity of water is a severe environmental constraint to plant productivity. Plants display a variety of physiological and biochemical responses at cellular and whole-organism levels towards prevailing drought stress. This study included container experiments with three flower crops aster (Callistephus chinensis), helichrysum (Helichrysum bracteatum) and echinacea (Echinaceae purpurea). Drought was simulated by reducing the number of watering’s to field capacity from 25–30 to 85–90 %. Three levels of watering were studied - three times, twice and once a week. The results showed that the cultivation of ornamental plants in containers under reduced watering conditions (twice or once a week) for a period of 3 months led to considerable inhibition of growth and even to plants death. The relative water content and the level of electrolyte leakage vary depending on the weekly number of waterings. The highest values of electrolyte leakage were reported in a single watering for aster -5107.1µS / g, for helichrysum -8314.9 µS / g and for echinacea -3722.8 µS / g. The high rates of conductivity, especially with one-time weekly watering, are evidence of the damage caused by the simulated water stress. This corresponds to the reported low percentages of RWC % and the low values for the height and diameter of the plants. The relative water content in plant tissues decreases depending on the irrigation regime. The lowest values for aster, helichrysum and echinacea were again observed in the variant with a single weekly watering, respectively 15%, 11.5% and 15.8%.
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Falade, Ademola, Samuel Agele, and Muyiwa Adegbaju. "Growth and Functional Traits of Citrus (Citrus Sp.) Provenance as Effected by Watering Regime in the Nursery." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 4 (2024): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i44457.
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Five citrus proevancnes were subjected to watering levels in the nursery. The effects of watering regime were evaluated on the growth, physiological and biochemical attributes while the measured variables were deployed to rank tolerance to soil moisture deficits by citrus species. The watering regimes were 100 % field capacity (1.2 litres at four days interval), moderately watered: 75% field capacity (0.9 litres at four days interval) and 50% field capacity (0.6 litres at four days interval) which imposed at 16 weeks after transplanting. Data were collected on height and leaf development, root and shoot biomass, chlorophyll content, stomata architecture, proline, membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Gluthathione (GSH). Citrus provenances differed in growth traits, stomata architecture, proline, membrane lipid peroxidation and and enzymatic activities. Watering regime induced significant changes in leaf chlorophyll and phenolic contents and enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), membrane lipid peroxidation (malonaldehyde (MDA) and Guaiacol peroxidase (GPx) in citrus. The 75 and 50% FC watering significantly enhanced MDA and proline and activities of enzymatic antioxidant in citrus seedlings compare with 100% FC watering. Activities of CAT and GPx were enhanced by 75% FC while CAT, SOD and GPx were enhanced by 50 % FC watering. Under water limitations, 75% FC watering can support citrus seedling growth and 50% FC for lemon under soil moisture limitation.
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Anisko, Tomasz, and Orville M. Lindstrom. "696 PB 280 REDUCED WATER SUPPLY AFFECTS FALL ACCLIMATION OF EVERGREEN AZALEAS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 532e—532. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.532e.
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Three cultivars of evergreen azaleas, `Coral Bell', `Hinodegiri', and `Red Ruffle', were grown under four watering regimes in containers and placed outdoors or in the greenhouse. The water content of the growing medium was maintained at either 0.3 to 0.4 or 0.5 to 0.6 m3m-3 from June 16 to August 30, when half of the plants under each of these regime was switched to the other watering regime. Freeze tests were conducted on August 30 and October 9, 1993. Injury to leaves, lower, middle, and upper stems was evaluated visually. Acclimation of leaves and upper stems prior to the August test, in most cases, was not stimulated by reduced water content, while the response of lower and middle stems was cultivar and location specific. The lower water content treatment after August 30 generally increased freeze tolerance of all plant parts regardless of the previous watering regime. The higher water content treatment after August 30 either prevented or delayed acclimation.
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Poomkokrak, Jirachaya, Nuttha Sanevas, and Kanin Rungwattana. "Fruit Quality and Plant Productivity of A Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) Grown under Different Irrigation Regimes during the Reproductive Phase." Trends in Sciences 21, no. 6 (2024): 7589. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7589.
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The impact of water deficit severity and the specific growth stages at which water stress is applied have been found to have significant implications for both tomato yield and fruit quality. Recent findings have highlighted the influence of water deficits during the reproductive phase on tomato fruit quality. This study aimed to assess the effects of deficit irrigation on tomato fruit quality and overall plant productivity. Cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) were grown in a greenhouse from August to November 2022. Three distinct watering regimes were implemented: Daily watering (T1), watering every 3 days (T2) and watering every 7 days (T3), starting from the flowering stage and continuing through subsequent plant development stages. The mean soil metric potentials (SMP) were −4.9, −29.7 and −52.8 kPa for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Various traits of fruit size, fruit biomass, total soluble solids (TSS), water content, glucose content and lycopene content were measured. Additionally, the overall plant biomass and root-to-shoot ratio were evaluated. The results revealed that traits of the fruit size, such as diameter, length, volume and fresh weight, were most favorable when plants were subjected to the T2 watering regime, while higher and lower watering frequencies led to smaller fruit sizes. Interestingly, the TSS concentration had the most pronounced response to drought stress, indicating increased fruit sweetness. However, the fruit water content, glucose content and lycopene content remained unaffected by the different watering regimes. Furthermore, plants subjected to the T3 with the minimum SMP at −196.4 kPa exhibited enhanced development of the root system, prioritizing resource acquisition such as water and mineral nutrients over shoot components. In conclusion, this study provided valuable insights for agricultural practitioners, offering a range of alternatives that can inform optimal irrigation strategies that effectively enhance the quality of cherry tomato yields. HIGHLIGHTS Water deficits during the reproductive phase have a notable impact on tomato fruit quality Three distinct watering regimes, including daily watering (T1), watering every 3 days (T2) and watering every 7 days (T3), were implemented, with mean soil metric potentials for T1, T2 and T3 recorded at −4.9, −29.7 and −52.8 kPa, respectively T2 watering regime resulted in the most favorable fruit size (diameter, length, volume and fresh weight), while higher and lower watering frequencies led to smaller fruit sizes Total soluble solid concentration showed a pronounced response to drought stress, indicating increased fruit sweetness, while glucose content and lycopene content were unaffected by different watering regimes The study provides valuable insights for agricultural practitioners, suggesting alternative irrigation strategies to enhance the quality of cherry tomato yields GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Ayodeji A., Ogunwole,, Agele, Samuel O., and Adejoro, Solomon A. "Drought Stress Modulation by Biochar and Effects on Soil and Performance of Seedlings of Urban Forest Tree Species." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 18 (2023): 282–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i183292.
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Aims: This study was designed to examine the effects of watering regime and biochar on soil properties and performance of seedlings of urban forest tree species (UFTS) in the nursery. Study Design: The experiment was a 5 by 3 by 2 factorial scheme involving urban forest tree species, watering regimes and biochar amendment or not. Place and Duration of Study: seedlings of five UFTS were raised in the Nursery and Screenhouse of Wesley University, Ondo, a rainforest zone of Nigeria. Methodology: Seedlings of five Urban Forest Tree Species (UFTS) were subjected to watering at 80, 60 and 35% field capacity (FC) with or without biochar amendment. UFTS evaluated are: Bauhinia monandra, Delonix regia, Terminalia catappa, Dypsis lutescens and Veitchia merrillii. Results: Watering regime and biochar amendment exerted significant effects on soil physical and chemical properties, physiological attributes and biochemical constituents and performance o the UFTS evaluated. Watering at 60 and 35% FC increased bulk and particle densities but reduced significantly (P<.05) soil moisture content at field capacity compare with watering at 80% FC. Further, the 60 and 35% FC watering exhibited low N, available K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. Addition of biochar to the variously watered soil considerably reduced bulk density but remarkably increased porosity, field capacity moisture and plant available moisture. Biochar amendment increased soil pH, total and volatile organic matter contents, available K+ and Ca2+, extractable Mg2+ and dissolved phosphate (PO43+). The responses of growth traits and biochemical constituents of UFTS to watering regimes was species specific. Relative to 80 % FC watering, seedling growth attributes reduced significantly under deficit water application (60 and 35% FC) in addition to remarkable accumulation of osmolytes (osmoprotectants) and enzymatic activities. Biochar amendment enhanced accumulation of osmolytes and activities of superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase and catalase enzymes of UFTS seedlings. Conclusion: Differential watering and biochar amendment affected soil physical and chemical properties and growth of UFTS seedlings evaluated. Biochar amendment of the variously watered soil enhanced seedling growth, and appear as effective strategy for improving soil properties and UFTS performance, and for mitigation of adverse effects of suboptimal watering.
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Vignolio, O. R., C. Biel, F. de Herralde, J. P. L. Araújo-Alves, and R. Savé. "Growth of Lotus creticus creticus and Cynodon dactylon under two levels of irrigation." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, no. 12 (2002): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02033.
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Soils with scarce plant covering are very susceptible to water and wind erosion. Two species recommended for permanent cover of soil are Lotus creticus creticus and Cynodon dactylon. The performance of both species cultivated in pure stands and in mixture and with 2 watering regimes, high (12.64 L/bag) and low (8.36�L/bag), was analysed in polyethylene bags between March and July in greenhouse conditions. With low watering the growth of both species was lower but mortality of plants was not observed. Growth of stems in L.�creticus and stolons in C. dactylon did not stop with low watering. The growth of C. dactylon was higher than that of L. creticus at both watering regimes. Total root and green shoot biomass of each species was affected by watering. Green leaf area, root weight ratio, root hydraulic resistance, and watering efficiency (g biomass/L watering) differed with the combination of species. Green leaf area, root hydraulic resistance, and watering efficiency were higher in C. dactylon than in L. creticus. Root weight ratio was higher in L. creticus than in C. dactylon, but the specific length and area of roots were higher in C. dactylon than in L. creticus. Net photosynthesis rate of each species was only affected by watering regime. Performance of both species was not affected by the mixture and it has the potential to be a successful ground cover.
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Speiser, Bernhard, and Marcel Hochstrasser. "Slug damage in relation to watering regime." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 70, no. 2-3 (1998): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8809(98)00157-1.
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Mohamad Ahmed, Badr ELdin Abdelgadir, Faisal Elgasim Ahmed, and Hanadi Ibrahim Dessougi. "Effect of Water Stress, Nitrogen and Organic Manure Fertilizer on Nitrogen Use Efficiency Indices and Grain Protein Content of Wheat in a Semi-arid Environment." Academic Journal of Life Sciences, no. 65 (May 25, 2020): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajls.65.34.38.
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A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive seasons during 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 on the Demonstration Farm of the Faulty of Agriculture, University of Kassala at New Half. Nitrogen use efficiencies (i.e. agronomic AE, internal IE, physiological PE and recovery RE) and grain protein content were investigated at different level of watering regimes and organic manure application of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). The watering regime treatments were irrigation every 7, 14 and 21 days, and the nitrogen fertilizer levels were zero, 43, 86 kg N ha-1 without or with 4 tons of chicken manure ha-1. Frequent irrigation, addition of high N level and organic manure significantly increased AE, IE, PE, RE and grain protein content compared to their respective treatments. Mixing of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer increased AE, IE and RE but resulted in a slightly increase in PE than both treatments when they were added solely. Further, the magnitude of organic manure on AE, IE, RE and grain protein content was significantly greater under normal watering regime. Wheat plants under optimum conditions (frequent watering, high N level plus organic manure) used N, as indicated by AE, PE, IE and RE, more efficiently than under other treatment combination.
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Chinsamy, Mayashree, Manoj G. Kulkarni, and Johannes Van Staden. "Vermicompost Leachate Reduces Temperature and Water Stress Effects in Tomato Seedlings." HortScience 49, no. 9 (2014): 1183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.9.1183.
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Abiotic stresses negatively affect the rate of nutrient mobilization in soils resulting in poor crop performance. Vermicompost-leachate (VCL) is an organic liquid produced from earthworm-digested material. It improves soil fertility as a result of the presence of proteins, vitamins, and micro- and macroelements. However, the effects of VCL on plant growth under temperature and water stress are not yet fully studied. To assess the growth performance under low, optimum, and high temperatures, 1-month-old well established tomato seedlings were treated with and without VCL (1:10 v/v) under various temperature regimes (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C). In the second trial, tomato seedlings were tested in a greenhouse with and without VCL (1:10 v/v) at different watering regimes (15, 30, and 45 mL of Hoagland’s nutrient solution) to evaluate the effect of water stress. In comparison with the control seedlings, VCL treatment significantly improved stem thickness, leaf area, and shoot/root both fresh and dry weight of seedlings at 30 °C. At this temperature, VCL-treated seedlings showed a significant increase for all examined physiological parameters (total chlorophyll, total sugars, and proline). Number of leaves, stem thickness, and shoot/root length and fresh weight of VCL-treated tomato seedlings irrigated under a low watering regime were significantly greater than the control. Total chlorophyll, total sugars, and proline content were significantly elevated at the high watering regime but declined in the low watering regime with VCL treatment. Both increasing and decreasing trends of compatible solutes and photosynthetic pigments indicated osmotic adjustment to stress conditions. VCL can be a suitable soil amendment product to improve overall soil fertility and, more importantly, growth of tomato plants even under temperature and water stress conditions.
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Joël, Abogni Claude, Coulibaly Lacina Fanlégué, Okoma Koffi Mathurin, Traoré Siaka, and Kouadio Demby Laetitia. "Tolerance of Plantain Banana [Musa paradisiaca L., (Musaceae)] to Water Deficit: Agro-Morphological and Physiological Responses under Greenhouse Conditions." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 47, no. 6 (2025): 137–48. https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2025/v47i63477.
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Plantain, a monocotyledon belonging to the Musaceae family, is a key crop in Côte d’Ivoire. It plays an essential role in food security and income diversification, contributing significantly to poverty reduction, especially in rural areas. However, in the face of climate change and decreasing rainfall, identifying drought-tolerant varieties has become a priority. Nine plantain cultivars, including seven traditional and two improved ones, were selected at the nursery stage. They were then grown under controlled greenhouse conditions and subjected to different watering regimes to identify those with drought tolerance traits, based on the evaluation of vegetative growth and physiological parameters. Daily watering led to a significantly higher average number of living leaves (3.78) compared to the low watering regime (3.49). The cultivar Pita 3 recorded the greatest plant heights, with 3.57 cm under daily watering and 3.47 cm with watering every two weeks. In contrast, the lowest values (2.27 cm and 2.11 cm) were observed with French Sombre. The cultivar Zakoi stood out with a larger collar diameter (4.01 cm), compared to values ranging from 1.35 cm to 2.3 cm in other cultivars. Regarding leaf area, Pita 3 (382.37 cm²) and Zakoi (367.59 cm²) outperformed the others, while French Sombre had the lowest values (224.99 cm²). The study revealed that the lifespan of the plantlets varied significantly among the cultivars, ranging from 47.46 days (Banadyshie and French Sombre) to 63.46 days (Fhia 21). Finally, daily watering resulted in a higher average nitrogen content (18.84 mg/g) and lower leaf moisture (17.95%) compared to the biweekly watering regime, which showed 17.67 mg/g and 21.48%, respectively. These results indicate that the cultivars Pita 3 and Zakoi exhibit better drought tolerance and could be prioritized in drought adaptation strategies.
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Wang, Xue, Yi-Min Tao, Ni-Na Fang, Wei-Long Zheng, Fei-Hai Yu, and Mai-He Li. "Impact of Growing Season Precipitation Regime on the Performance of Masson Pine Saplings." Forests 13, no. 4 (2022): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13040627.
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The growth and physiological effects of either decreased precipitation (e.g., drought) or increased one (e.g., flooding) on trees have been extensively studied. However, less attention has been paid to the questions of whether and how trees respond to changes in precipitation regime with different rainfall amounts. To investigate the effects of water availability on sapling’s growth, tissue levels of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), and nutrients, we carried out a greenhouse experiment with Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) saplings grown in precipitation amounts of 300, 500, and 700 mm (3 levels) in combination with two levels of a watering regime (i.e., regular watering vs. pulsed watering, i.e., frequent low rainfall coupled with fewer instances of heavy rain) for a growing season in subtropical China. Pulsed watering caused higher soil pH (>7.5) but lower soil organic carbon and soil nutrients, and consequently led to smaller plant biomass and height of the saplings than regular watering, especially in the water amount treatment of 300 and 500 mm. Additionally, higher levels of NSCs in plant tissue concentrations were observed under pulsed watering than under regular watering, due to greater carbon consumption for supporting higher growth rate and a dilution effect by bigger plant size and biomass in the latter. Our results indicated that the growing season precipitation amount of 300 mm is sufficient for the drought-tolerant tree species P. massoniana. In such a case, the growing season precipitation regime rather than the precipitation amount will have a much stronger impact on the tree performance.
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Anisko, Tomasz, and Orville M. Lindstrom. "EFFECTS OF THREE WATERING REGIMES ON COLD HARDINESS OF TWO RHODODENDRON CULTIVARS." HortScience 28, no. 5 (1993): 476b—476. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.476b.
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Plants of two rhododendron cultivars, `Catawbiense Boursault' and `Yaku Princess', were subjected to three watering regimes: 100, 200, and 300 ml of water per 1-gallon-container, applied 4 times a week between August 24 and October 2, and twice a week between October 2 and December 18. A freeze test was conducted on January 11. Injury to leaves, stems, and vegetative buds was visually evaluated after 4 and 11 days of incubation at room temperature. Leaves of `Catawbiense Boursault' plants under “100 ml” watering regime were significantly less injured at temperatures between -10 and -16°C than leaves of plants under “200 ml” and “300 ml” regimes. Stems of this cultivar under “100 ml” regime were significantly more injured at temperatures -28 and -30°C than stems of plants under “200 ml” and “300 ml” regimes. Differences in the injury rating for `Yaku Princess' plants were not significant for either leaves or stems. Vegetative buds of both cultivars were not injured even at the lowest test temperature, i.e. -30°C.
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Tack, Filip M. G. "Watering regime influences Cd concentrations in cultivated spinach." Journal of Environmental Management 186 (January 2017): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.056.
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Gana, Lizeka Pretty, Ninon G. E. R. Etsassala, and Felix Nchu. "Interactive Effects of Water Deficiency and Endophytic Beauveria bassiana on Plant Growth, Nutrient Uptake, Secondary Metabolite Contents, and Antioxidant Activity of Allium cepa L." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 8 (2022): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8080874.
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The main aim of this research study was to assess the interactive effects of water deficiency and the inoculation of a growth medium with Beauveria bassiana on plant growth, nutrient uptake, secondary metabolite contents, and antioxidant capacity of Allium cepa. A. cepa seedlings were simultaneously exposed to one of three watering regime treatments (3-day, 5-day, and 7-day watering intervals) and B. bassiana or no-fungus treatment. While the longest watering interval induced reduced plant growth, plants inoculated with B. bassiana had better results than those in the no-fungus treatment. Significant interactive effects (DF = 2.0; p < 0.05) between fungus and the watering regime on P, K, and Fe contents were observed. Remarkably, at the 7-day watering interval, the polyphenol content (64.0 mg GAE/L) was significantly higher in the plants treated with B. bassiana than in the no-fungus-treated plants. The watering interval significantly affected (DF = 2, 6; F = 7.4; p < 0.05) total flavonol contents among the fungus-treated plants. The interaction of the watering interval and B. bassiana inoculation (DF = 2.0; F = 3.8; p < 0.05) significantly influenced the flavonol content in the onion bulbs and the antioxidant activities of onion bulbs in the FRAP assay (DF = 2.0; F = 4.1; p < 0.05).
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Anisko, Tomasz, and Orville M. Lindstrom. "Reduced Water Supply Induces Fall Acclimation of Evergreen Azaleas." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 3 (1995): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.3.429.
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The primary cause of losses in evergreen azaleas injured by early freeze is bark split on lower stems. Delayed acclimation in the fall is thought to permit this injury. We examined whether reduced water supply affects acclimation of Rhododendron L. `Coral Bell', `Hinodegiri', and `Red Ruffle'. Containerized plants were grown under four watering regimes and placed outdoors or in the greenhouse. The water content of the growing medium was maintained at either 0.3 to 0.4 or 0.5 to 0.6 m3·m-3 from 16 June to 30 Aug. 1993, when half of the plants under each of these regimes was switched to the other watering regime. Freeze tests were conducted on 30 Aug. and 9 (let. Injury to leaves, and lower, middle, and upper stems was evaluated visually. Acclimation of leaves and upper stems before the August test, in most cases, was not stimulated by reduced water content, while the response of lower and middle stems was cultivar- and location-specific. The lower water content treatment after 30 Aug. generally increased freeze tolerance of all plant parts regardless of the previous watering regime. The higher water content treatment after 30 Aug. either prevented or delayed acclimation. This study demonstrated that the reduced water supply provided a feasible means of promoting acclimation of evergreen azaleas in late summer.
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Hagiwara, Yousuke, Naoki Kachi, and Jun-Ichirou Suzuki. "Effects of temporal heterogeneity of watering on size of an annual forb, Perilla frutescens (Lamiaceae), depend on soil nutrient levels." Botany 86, no. 10 (2008): 1111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-064.
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Temporal heterogeneity of watering affects plant growth. When the same total amount of water is supplied, frequent watering leads to greater plant size than infrequent watering. However, the effects of a given watering regime can differ when nutrient levels vary. An experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that the effects of temporal heterogeneity of watering on plant growth also vary as a function of nutrient levels. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton was grown using different combinations of nutrient levels and watering frequencies, with total water held constant across the treatments. The effects on plant size were analysed after 36 d. Under nutrient-rich conditions, frequent watering resulted in significantly larger plants than infrequent watering. However, under nutrient-poor conditions, no significant difference was detected between the different watering frequencies. The temporal heterogeneity of watering thus appears to have different effects on plant growth at different nutrient levels. Therefore, the watering heterogeneity should be examined with nutrients as unity, because the watering heterogeneity and nutrients affect plant growth in an interactive manner.
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Virla, E. G., M. V. Coll Araoz, and E. Luft Albarracin. "Estimation of direct damage to maize seedlings by the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), under different watering regimes." Bulletin of Entomological Research 111, no. 4 (2021): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485321000079.
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AbstractThe corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a specialist herbivore, is the cause of serious losses in maize yield for its capacity to transmit three important plant pathogens. They are also active phloem feeders, that insert stylets into the plant as they feed. Females place their eggs endophytically, totally inserted in the central midrib or the leaf blades, leaving conspicuous openings in the place where the ovipositor was inserted. In spite of the consequences that feeding and oviposition may have on the water status of the plant and the production of biomass, direct damage caused by the leafhopper has been only scarcely studied. In the present contribution, we measured biomass loss due to direct damage in maize plants under two watering regimes, with water supply ad libitum and with a watering restricted regime, emulating the most frequent field conditions. Moreover, we analyzed the effects of increasing densities of the vector on the biomass loss and plant mortality and the effects of females vs males. We observed that a density of 10 insects is sufficient to cause damage to 10-day-old seedlings, even in an ad libitum watering regime; however, in drought conditions, damage can be significantly greater, causing plant mortality. Also, females cause more damage than males, due to their oviposition habits.
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Anjorin, F. B., S. A. Adejumo, L. Agboola, and Y. D. Samuel. "Proline, Soluble Sugar, Leaf Starch and Relative Water Contents of Four Maize Varieties in Response to Different Watering Regimes." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 49, no. 3 (2016): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2016-0025.
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of four maize varieties to different simulated watering regimes in term of proline, starch and soluble sugar contents as well as relative water content. Maize seeds were planted in 64 plastic pots of 20 litre capacity, arranged in a factorial fitted in completely randomized design (CRD), with four replications in the screen house of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (I.A.R&T), Moor Plantation Ibadan. The watering was done based on the designated field capacities (FC) of 25, 50, 75 and 100%. Fresh leaf samples were collected five weeks after planting and at the end of each stress period. The proline, soluble sugar, leaf starch and the relative water contents in the leaves were estimated. The results obtained showed that watering regime significantly influenced the leaf starch, soluble sugar, proline and relative water contents. The varieties also differ significantly in the proline, soluble sugar content, leaf starch and the relative water contents. Watering regime and variety interaction was significant for soluble sugar, starch, proline and the relative water content. Highest soluble sugar of 1.28 mg/g and proline of 35.70 μmol/g FW were obtained when FC was 25% and lowest when watering level was optimum. The starch and relative water contents were optimum under full watering (100% FC) and lowest when field capacity was 25%. Variations were observed with regards to different maize varieties. ART98SW6-OB accumulated the highest quantity of soluble sugar and proline under 25 and 50% field capacities alongside DTESYN, which is a drought tolerant maize variety. It could be concluded that water stress increased production of soluble sugar and proline, while water availability increases relative water content and favors starch accumulation. The consideration of these metabolites alongside other physiological features is a very fast and reliable method for drought tolerant plant selection even at the plant seedling growth stage.
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ABDULRAHAMAN, Abdullahi Alanamu, and Felix Ayotunde OLADELE. "Anatomical Basis for Optimal Use of Water for Maintenance of Three Xerophytic Plants." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 4, no. 2 (2012): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb427423.
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Three xerophytic plant species namely Agave americana Linn., Aloe vera Tourn. and Linn. and Euphorbia milii Des Moul. were propagated in a greenhouse each with 5 varying soil moisture contents i.e. 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% and subjected to 4 watering frequencies i.e. daily, weekly, biweekly and monthly. Euphorbia milii was the most xerophytic species having relatively lower rate of transpiration than Aloe vera and Agave americana. It was suggested that the high rate of transpiration in Aloe vera and Agave americana may be due to the large tetracytic stomata as compared to the small paracytic stomata of Euphorbia milii. It was also observed that Aloe vera was least tolerant of high soil moisture in daily watering as well as low soil moisture in monthly regime. Agave americana and Euphorbia milii were species that were more robust with capacity to cope well with low and high watering regimes than Aloe vera.
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Kisambo, Bosco Kidake, Oliver Vivian Wasonga, Oscar Koech Kipchirchir, and George Njomo Karuku. "Effects of Soil Type and Watering Regime on Performance of C4 Grass Ecotypes in A Simulated Semi-Arid Environment in Kenya." East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology 7, no. 1 (2024): 399–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajab.7.1.2126.
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Perennial grasses form the bulk of nutrition for livestock in semi-arid grassland ecosystems in addition to the provision of other ecosystem services such as carbon storage. A study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of ecotypes of two common perennial semi-arid grasses (Panicum maximum and Cenchrus ciliaris) under different soil types and watering regimes. Four indigenous perennial grass ecotypes namely Panicum maximum ISY, Panicum maximum TVT, Cenchrus ciliaris KLF and Cenchrus ciliaris MGD grown in three different soil types (ferralsols, fluvisols, and gleysols) and subjected to varied watering regimes (enhanced, depressed and normal) in greenhouse study. Interactively, soil types and watering regimes strongly influenced the morphological attributes among the grass ecotypes. Shoot and root biomass production among ecotypes was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in fluvisols subjected to enhanced watering and lower in gleysols under depressed watering. Shoot biomass of the different grass ecotypes was higher in fluvisols by between 7-34 % and 10-35 % compared to those grown in ferralsols and gleysols respectively. Similar trends were observed in rood biomass. Enhanced watering resulted in enhanced growth irrespective of the soil type. Depressed water regimes contributed significantly (p < 0.05) to a decline in biomass. Root biomass of the grass ecotypes was higher by between 50-89 % in fluvisols compared to ferralsols and between 41-163 % in gleysols respectively. Root: shoot ratios ranged from 0.41 - 1.73 in in the grass ecotypes with soil types and watering strongly driving biomass allocation patterns. These findings suggest that soil types and watering are key drivers of the productivity of the grass ecotypes, and precipitation variability is likely to have a strong influence on the productivity of semi-arid perennial grasses. Establishing appropriate grasses in suitable soils and with adequate moisture can enhance the success of fodder production and rangeland restoration initiatives for increased resilience.
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Blumenthal, MJ, and TB Hilder. "Emergence and early growth of Lotononis bainesii cv. Miles on a cracking clay soil compared with four other tropical legumes." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 2 (1989): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890193.
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The effects of soil type (sand, loam and cracking clay), treatment with Terra-sorb, sowing depth and watering regime on the emergence and early growth of Lotononis bainesii (DC.) Eckl and Zeyh. cv. Miles were examined in 4 glasshouse experiments. We also compared the effects of sowing depth, watering regime, and early growth on the establishment of L. bainesii and 4 other tropical legumes (Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro, Rhynchosia minima CPI 32963, and Stylosanthes hamata (CPI 75171 and Indigofera schimperi CPI 73608). Lotononis germination was greatest when surface sown on a well watered cracking clay soil but emergence was similar for all soils at other depths. Seed sown deeper than 10 mm did not emerge. Siratro and Rhynchosia were able to emerge equally well from 40 mm as from 2 mm. Stylosanthes hamata showed a steady decline in emergence to zero at 40 mm. Emergence of Lotononis and Stylosanthes was greatest under the most lenient watering regime, whereas Rhynchosia emergence was greatest under the harshest watering regime. Coating seeds with a moisture seeking polymer, Terra-sorb, did not significantly improve the emergence of these legumes. Two weeks after sowing, top and root dry weight were related to seed size; Lotononis and Indigofera compensated for small seed size with high relative growth rates so that by week 6 there were no differences in total dry weight. Siratro and Rhynchosia had the highest and Lotononis the lowest rootlshoot ratio. Small seed size, an inability to emerge from depth and a low root/shoot ratio are all factors contributing to the poor establishment of L. bainesii, particularly on cracking clay soils.
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Ezekiel, Oluwaseyi, Juliet Atinuke Yisau, and Adegboyega Michael Aduraola. "Effect of watering regime and mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth of Baobab (Adansonia digitata)." Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development (JAEID) 118, no. 1 (2024): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/jaeid-12082.
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This study was carried out to investigate the effect of watering regime and mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth of Adansonia digitata L. seedlings. Seedlings were inoculated with ectomycorrhizae (M0), endomycorrrhizae (M1), non-inoculated (M2) and subjected to three levels of watering; daily (W0), every other day (W1) and once a week at pot capacity (W2). The experimental design used was split plot experiment where mycorrhizal inoculation was the main plot treatment while watering regime was the subplot treatment. Nine experimental treatments were arranged in a 3×3 factorial experimental design and replicated 5 times. Morphological parameters such as the leaf number, collar diameter, shoot height, shoot weight, root weight as well as physiological parameters such as dry weight, fresh weight, and relative water content were measured. Data obtained were taken fortnightly for a period of 12 weeks and subjected to one-way analysis of variance. The significant mean values were compared and separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result indicated that shoot height (9.13 ± 8.39 cm) was significantly different (p>0.05) when watered once a week. There was no significant difference in seedling relative water content among the treatments. The study suggests that the seedling growth of Adansonia digitata could be enhanced by ectomycorrhizal inoculation and daily watering.
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S., O. Agele, J. Ajayi A., and M. Olawanle F. "Effects of Watering Regime and Rhizobium Inoculation on the Growth, Functional and Yield Traits of Four Legume Species." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 17, no. 4 (2017): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.9734/IJPSS/2017/32891.
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The effects of watering regime and rhizobial inoculation on the growth, nodulation and seed yields of some legume species was evaluated in the screenhouse of the Department of Crop, Soil & Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. The experimental layout was 5 x 3 x 2 factorial with 3 replications given a total of 90 treatments. Seeds of five staple and forage legume species: Pakala (<em>Phaseolus lunatus</em>), Soy bean (<em>TGX 199057f’ and TGX198057)</em>, Stylozanthes (<em>Stylozanthes macrocephala)</em> and the Greenleaf Desmodium (<em>Desmodium</em> <em>intortum</em> (Mill.) Urb.) were sown into plastic pots which were watered at 4-, 8- and 12- days intervals, with or without rhizobium inoculation using a rhizobium strain<em>, Rhizobium phaseoli</em>. The plastic pots (5 litre capacity were perforated at bottom to allow for drainage and were filled with pure river sand. The effect of watering regimes on legume species was significant on leaf development, soybean variety, TGX199057f had the highest number of leaves while <em>Desmodium</em> had the least number of leaves. Seedlings that were watered at 4- and 8-days interval had better vigour of growth compared to 12- days watering interval. Compared with 12-days watering interval, both inoculated and non-inoculated seedlings subjected to 4- and 8-days watering intervals had higher root and shoot biomass. TGX 199057f non- inoculated at 8-days watering intervals had the highest value for number of pods and TGX198057 watered at 12- day intervals had higher pod weight. Rhizobium inoculated legumes produced more vigorous plants in addition to higher root nodules, plant height and number of leaves compared with the non-inoculated species. The highest number of leaves and nodules were produced by <em>Phaseolus lunatus </em>when inoculated with the rhizobium strain. However, the highest number of pods was obtained for inoculated soybean (TGX 199057f) compared with the non-inoculated plants. The highest seed yield was obtained from rhizobium inoculated soybean (TGX 198057). <em>Desmodium </em>produced few seeds compared to <em>Phaseolus lunatus</em> and S<em>tyolzanthes</em>. The effects of watering regimes and rhizobium inoculation varied on leaf proximate and chemical composition of legume species. The nitrogen, crude protein, ash, chlorophyll, soluble carbohydrates content in leaf differed among the legume species. The legume species inoculated and grown at 4- days watering intervals had the highest contents of moisture, nitrogen, chlorophyll, soluble carbohydrates and ash compared to non-inoculated legume species. Application of rhizobium strain significantly increased seed yield in soybean and <em>Desmodium</em> and caused substantial increase in nodulation. The study has shown that to increase legume productivity under soil moisture deficit stress of marginal/degraded soil, application of rhizobium inoculant is recommended.
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Batyrov, V. A., M. M. Okonov, S. V. Ubushaeva, L. N. Beketskaya, and N. V. Kukaeva. "Optimal tomato irrigation regime for single-use mechanized harvesting in the Republic of Kalmykia." BIO Web of Conferences 108 (2024): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410805003.
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The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal time for stopping watering tomatoes during one-time mechanized harvesting, for obtaining the maximum yield with high fruit quality in the natural and climatic conditions of the Republic of Kalmykia. The scheme of the field experiment included options for stopping watering when 10, 30, 50% of ripe fruits were reached. The irrigation regime, in relation to single-use mechanized harvesting, was studied when growing tomatoes in the open ground by the seedling method with a drip irrigation. Soil moisture, in the period from full plant survival to maturation of 10% of tomato fruits, was maintained in the range of 80-85% FC in all variants of the experiment. The object of research was a zoned variety of tomato Moryana. The cessation of watering by the time of maturation of 10% of fruits on tomato plantings did not significantly affect the total yield of the crop, while the number of whole commercial tomato fruits amounted to 83.3% versus 81.8% with the cessation of watering at 50% of mature fruits, the proportion of fruits with pedicels decreased from 2.2% to 1.7%, crushed – from 3.6% to 3.2%, with fresh cracks – from 3.0% to 2.7% and fruits with damaged skin from 9.6% to 8.9%, the content of dry substances, the amount of sugars and ascorbic acid increased in the fruits, no negative effect on the growth and development of tomato plants was noted.
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Agele, Aiyelari Peter Samuel, and Adeola Ojerinde. "Effects Of Watering Regime And Mycorrhizal Inoculation On Growth,Functional And Yield Traits Of Four Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Varieties." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 1, Nov & Dec (2017): 01–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2574526.
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Abstract: A screen house experiment was conducted to determine the effects of watering intervals and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on growth, functional trait, grain yield and yield components of four rice varieties. Treatments were 4 x 3 x 2 factorial combination consisting of three indigenous rice (Igbemo, Benue type, Ofada) and improved varieties (Nerica 8), watering regimes at 4-, 8- and 12– day intervals and with or without the application mycorrhizal inoculum. Data collected were shoot and root weights, number of roots per plant and total root length, number of green and senesced leaves at 50% flowering and maturity, seed and panicle weights. Treatment were significant (P < 0.05) on some measured growth variables of mycorrhizal inoculated rice plants including plant height, number of tillers and leaves, leaf area and biomass per plant except fresh root weight of rice. A positive influence of Ambuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and 4 – day watering interval on plant growth and panicle and seed weight and 100 seeds weight compared to the noninoculated and drought (12- day watering interval) were recorded. Inoculated Igbemo variety watered at 4– day intervals were consistently taller in height, had enhanced biomass and number of leaves and tillers. The 4- day watering interval enhanced rice growth which included, number of senesced leaves at 50% flowering and at maturity, number of green leaves at 50% flowering and at maturity, plant height at 50% flowering and biomass, except root length. Treatment effects were significant (P < 0.05) on some yield variables of rice which include, seed weight, 100 seed weight (g) and panicle weight. The values of these parameters were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Igbemo and Benue varieties and were enhanced by the 4– day watering intervals. Inoculated Igbemo and Benue type watered at 4 – day interval had more seeds, higher seed weights and panicles with or without AMF inoculation compared with other varieties that were watered at 8– and 12– day watering intervals. The interactions between variety, watering intervals and mycorrhizal inoculation significantly enhanced plant height, leaf area, number of tillers and seed yields for Igbemo and Benue variety and number of spikes and spikelets for Ofada and Nerica 8.
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Al-Deeb, Taghleb, Mohammad Abo Gamar, Sabah Khaleel, et al. "RETRACTED: Al-Deeb et al. Individual and Interactive Ecophysiological Effect of Temperature, Watering Regime and Abscisic Acid on the Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings. Agronomy 2023, 13, 930." Agronomy 15, no. 2 (2025): 266. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15020266.
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Herr, David G., and Luc C. Duchesne. "Effects of organic horizon removal, ash, watering regime, and shading on red pine seedling emergence." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 3 (1996): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-047.
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Soil monoliths were used to determine the effects of organic horizon removal, ash, water regime, and shading on red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) seedling emergence. Soil monoliths were collected from a jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) stand and taken to the laboratory for prescribed burning, leading to 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% organic horizon removal. One half of each monolith contained ash generated from burning, while the other half was kept ash-free. Each half of every monolith was sown with red pine seeds. The monoliths were then placed in a greenhouse and, in separate experiments, were exposed to different water regimes and shade regimes. Red pine seedling emergence was highest under high water regimes, increased shade regimes, and increased organic horizon removal. Seedling emergence was reduced by the presence of ash.
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Matveeva, Natalya Ivanovna, Nikolay Yurievich Petrov, Viktor Bisengalievich Narushev, and Vyacheslav Petrovich Zvolinsky. "Available water supply is a determining factor of bulb onion effective development." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i11pp18-22.
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The article reveals the role of irrigation as a leading principle in optimizing the life of bulb onions. The purpose of the research was to assess the effectiveness of water use by onion plants under various irrigation regimes. We studied watering and irrigation norms that determine the different irrigation regimes of 7 onion hybrids: Valero F1, Kuantach F1, Soltis F1, Utrero F1, Pandero F1, Katinka F1, Cometa F1 and Chalcedony. The most effective irrigation regimes were identified for the studied hybrids and varieties of bulb onion. The best for the Soltis F1 hybrid was a differentiated irrigation regime, and for the rest of the hybrids and Chalcedony varieties it was increased one. The most productive hybrid in the conditions of the Lower Volga region was Pandero F1, which produced 187.0 t/ha with an increased irrigation regime.
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Ugese, F. D., P. T. Ezechukwu, and C. Ogbaje. "Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn.) Seedlings Showed Impressive Recovery after Defoliation." International Letters of Natural Sciences 37 (April 2015): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.37.61.
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Experiments to determine the effect of seed size, watering interval and defoliation on growth and dry matter attributes of seedlings of shea butter tree were conducted at Makurdi, Nigeria, from July 2010 to April, 2012. In the first experiment, treatments were made up of three seed size categories described as small (5-10g), medium (11-15g) and large (16-20g) and three watering intervals of 3, 6 and 9 days. In the second experiment, treatments comprised three watering intervals of 3, 6 and 9 days and three levels of defoliation – 0, 50 and 100%. In both experiments, factorial combinations of the treatments were laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Results of analysis of variance showed that in the first experiment seed size significantly influenced root length with the medium and large seeds producing seedlings with comparatively longer roots than the small seeds. The most frequently watered seedlings (3 and 6 days) produced more leaves than those watered less frequently (9 days). Seed size influenced dry weight of root and total (whole plant) dry weight with the medium and large seeds recording significantly higher values than the small seeds. Watering interval however did not significantly influence any of the other traits. Seed weight exerted significant influence on amount of dry matter partitioned to the stem and the root. More dry matter was partitioned to the stem by the small seeds. Conversely, medium and large seeds allocated more dry matter to the root than to the stem. In the second experiment, defoliation level only influenced total fresh weight, dry weight of root and total dry weight in favour of plants with half their leaves removed. None of the traits examined were significantly influenced by watering regime. Interaction between defoliation level and watering regime significantly influenced total fresh weight, dry weight of root and total dry weight. Generally seed size had more influence on seedling characters than watering interval. Seedlings also demonstrated remarkable ability to overcome effects of defoliation.
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Ugese, F. D., P. T. Ezechukwu, and C. Ogbaje. "Shea (<i>Vitellaria paradoxa</i> C. F. Gaertn.) Seedlings Showed Impressive Recovery after Defoliation." International Letters of Natural Sciences 37 (April 3, 2015): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-m8a188.
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Experiments to determine the effect of seed size, watering interval and defoliation on growth and dry matter attributes of seedlings of shea butter tree were conducted at Makurdi, Nigeria, from July 2010 to April, 2012. In the first experiment, treatments were made up of three seed size categories described as small (5-10g), medium (11-15g) and large (16-20g) and three watering intervals of 3, 6 and 9 days. In the second experiment, treatments comprised three watering intervals of 3, 6 and 9 days and three levels of defoliation – 0, 50 and 100%. In both experiments, factorial combinations of the treatments were laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Results of analysis of variance showed that in the first experiment seed size significantly influenced root length with the medium and large seeds producing seedlings with comparatively longer roots than the small seeds. The most frequently watered seedlings (3 and 6 days) produced more leaves than those watered less frequently (9 days). Seed size influenced dry weight of root and total (whole plant) dry weight with the medium and large seeds recording significantly higher values than the small seeds. Watering interval however did not significantly influence any of the other traits. Seed weight exerted significant influence on amount of dry matter partitioned to the stem and the root. More dry matter was partitioned to the stem by the small seeds. Conversely, medium and large seeds allocated more dry matter to the root than to the stem. In the second experiment, defoliation level only influenced total fresh weight, dry weight of root and total dry weight in favour of plants with half their leaves removed. None of the traits examined were significantly influenced by watering regime. Interaction between defoliation level and watering regime significantly influenced total fresh weight, dry weight of root and total dry weight. Generally seed size had more influence on seedling characters than watering interval. Seedlings also demonstrated remarkable ability to overcome effects of defoliation.
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Virgona, JM, KT Hubick, HM Rawson, GD Farquhar, and RW Downes. "Genotypic Variation in Transpiration Efficiency, Carbon-Isotype Discrimination and Carbon Allocation During Early Growth in Sunflower." Functional Plant Biology 17, no. 2 (1990): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9900207.
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Transpiration efficiency of dry matter production (W), carbon-isotope discrimination (�) and dry matter partitioning were measured on six sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes grown for 32 days in a glasshouse. Two watering regimes, one well watered (HW) and the other delivering half the water used by the HW plants (LW), were imposed. Four major results emerged from this study. (1) There was significant genotypic variation in W in sunflower and this was closely reflected in Δ for both watering treatments. (2) The low watering regime caused a decrease in Δ but no change in W; nonetheless the genotypic ranking for either Δ or W was not significantly altered by water stress. (3) A positive correlation between W and biomass accumulation occurred among genotypes of HW plants. (4) Q, the ratio of total plant carbon content to leaf area, was positively correlated with W and negatively correlated with Δ. These results are discussed with reference to the connection between transpiration efficiency and plant growth. In short, Δ can be used to select for W among young vegetative sunflower plants. However, selection for W may be accompanied by changes in other important plant growth characteristics such as Q.
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S.I., Huseynov. "Relations Between Protein Content and Technological Quality Indices in Grains of Bread Wheat Varieties Under Different Watering Regimes." Journal of Life Sciences and Biomedicine 73, no. 2 (2018): 123–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7408653.
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Protein content and technological quality indices in grains of bread wheat varieties have been compared. Protein content in grains of bread wheat varieties was found to change sharply depending on watering regime. In order to evaluate the nutritional value of bread wheat varieties, sedimentation, gluten amount, gluten deformation index and grain vitreousity were determined. Vitreousity and gluten amount ranged from 22.0% to 90.0%, and from 19.2% to 28.8%, respectively, under optimal watering. Whereas, the same parameters changed between 25.0-100.0%, and 21.2-34.8%, respectively, in unwatered variants.
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McDonald, GK. "A differential response of a two-row barley and a six-row barley to detillering under a restricted watering regime." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 41, no. 6 (1990): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9901065.
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The effect of detillering on the growth and yield of a six-row barley (cv. Beecher) and a two-row barley (cv. Schooner) grown under adequate and restricted watering was studied in a glasshouse experiment. The vegetative growth of both varieties responded in a like manner to detillering and reduced watering, but there were significant differences in the grain yield responses. Detillering reduced the grain yield per plant in both the non-stressed and stressed treatments of Schooner and the non-stressed treatment of Beecher, but had no significant effect on the yield of Beecher when watering was restricted. The experiment indicated that there may be genetic differences in response to detillering under some conditions and suggests that some caution needs to be exercised when using detillering experiments to predict the value of genetic uniculms.
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VanWoert, Nicholaus D., D. Bradley Rowe, Jeffrey A. Andresen, Clayton L. Rugh, and Lan Xiao. "Watering Regime and Green Roof Substrate Design Affect Sedum Plant Growth." HortScience 40, no. 3 (2005): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.659.
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Green roofs are an increasingly common, environmentally responsible building practice in the United States and abroad. They represent a new and growing market for the horticulture field, but require vegetation tolerant of harsh environmental conditions. Historically, Sedum species have been the most commonly used plants because, with proper species selection, they are tolerant of extreme temperatures, high winds, low fertility, and a limited water supply. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine how water availability influences growth and survival of a mixture of Sedum spp. on a green roof drainage system. Results indicate that substrate volumetric moisture content can be reduced to 0 m3·m–3 within 1 day after watering depending on substrate depth and composition. Deeper substrates provided additional growth with sufficient water, but also required additional irrigation because of the higher evapotranspiration rates resulting from the greater biomass. Over the 88 day study, water was required at least once every 14 days to support growth in green roof substrates with a 2-cm media depth. However, substrates with a 6-cm media depth could do so with a watering only once every 28 days. Although vegetation was still viable after 88 days of drought, water should be applied at least once every 28 days for typical green roof substrates and more frequently for shallower substrates to sustain growth. The ability of Sedum to withstand extended drought conditions makes it ideal for shallow green roof systems.
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Denisova, S. G., and A. A. Reut. "Water regime parameters in Chrysanthemum." TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES 2(26) (August 3, 2020): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-2-26-74-88.
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In introduction studies, it is urgent to determine how favorable the water balance of the species studied is under defined environmental conditions. The research aimed to scrutinize the water regime of Chrysanthemum × hortorum Bailey and select drought-resistant varieties to replenish the range of plants used for floriculture in the Republic of Bashkortostan on grey forest (Haplic Greyzems) loamy soil. The studies were conducted in 2018‒2020. Irrigation frequency – twice a week. After each watering, soil loosening was carried out. One week before sampling for analysis, we stopped watering flowers. Water regime indicators were analyzed according to the method of artificial wilting (V. N. Tarenkov et al. 1990) and methodology of saturation of plant samples (V. P. Moiseev et al. 2009). Sublethal water deficit was determined by the method of T. K. Goryshina et al. 1965 modified by N. I. Bobrovskaya 1971. Observations and analyses were carried out once a month from May to September in the regrowth, budding and flowering phases. The value of the sublethal water deficit was clarified (28.4 %). During the growing season, the varieties did not experience irreversible moisture deficit in the tissues. Chrysanthemum varieties under identical soil-climatic and agrotechnical conditions had the following range of indicators of total water content and water-holding capacity – 70.0‒90.4 % and 19.00‒64.6 %, respectively. It indicates a considerable degree of adaptation. Analysis of variance revealed that varietal differentiation significantly affects the indicators of the water regime; the share of influence varied from 21.17 to 31.72 %. Direct dependence of the indicators of the content of ‘mobile’ moisture on the total water content (y = 0.74x – 21.377) was revealed, as well as the inverse one ‒ the indicators of the content of ‘mobile’ moisture and water-holding capacity (y = 0.74x – 21.377). According to the scale developed by Denisova S. G. and Reut A. A. (2020), four highly drought-tolerant varieties ‘Volny Agideli’, ‘Regina’, ‘Sakmara’, ‘Bardo’ were identified.
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Wambui Njuguna, Joyce, Anne N. Karuma, Patrick Gicheru, and Richard Onwonga. "Effects of Watering Regimes and Planting Density on Taro (Colocasia esculenta) Growth, Yield, and Yield Components in Embu, Kenya." International Journal of Agronomy 2023 (April 1, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6843217.
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Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) is one of the most underutilized crops in sub-Saharan Africa and an important staple food in the tropics. Understanding its growth response under selected watering regimes and planting densities underpins this research. A study was conducted at the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Embu Research Centre, during the long rains (LR) in 2021 and the short rains (SR) in 2021–2022. A factorial experiment with a split-plot layout arranged in a completely randomized block design was used. The main factor was the irrigation levels, while the subfactor was the planting density, with three replications. The three irrigation levels were at 100%, 60%, and 30% based on the field capacity (FC). The planting densities used were 0.5 m × 0.5 m (40,000 plants ha−1), 1 m × 0.5 m (20,000 plants ha−1), and 1 m × 1 m (10,000 plants ha−1), representative of high, medium, and low planting densities, respectively. Time and season ( P < 0.05 ) significantly influenced taro growth components (plant height, leaf area, leaf area index, and vegetative growth index) and yield components (corm length, corm diameter, corm mass, yield, and total biomass). Planting density influenced the leaf area and the leaf area index ( P < 0.05 ). The watering regime did not affect taro growth or yield components. Corm mass (0.59 kg), total biomass (49.8 t/ha), and yield (13.38 t/ha) were all the highest in the 30% FC. The 1 m × 0.5 m spacing produced the highest corm mass (0.62 kg). The high planting density (0.5 m × 0.5 m) resulted in the highest total biomass (70.2 t/ha), yield (20.84 t/ha), and harvest index (30.44%). As a result, the 0.5 m × 0.5 m planting density and 30% FC watering regime are recommended to farmers in the area for increased yields and food security.
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Vale, Ashleigh, Ehren Moler, and Andrew Nelson. "Two studies of the potential of drought preconditioning to enhance deep root production in seedlings of western larch (Larix occidentalis)." REFORESTA, no. 12 (December 30, 2021): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21750/refor.12.02.94.
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Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of drought in the western USA. Evidence suggests that drought preconditioning of plants may improve the survival of planted seedlings under dry conditions through enhanced water uptake by roots, but the mechanisms underlying enhanced survival under drought remain unknown. We tested whether the vertical distribution of roots in root plug cross-sections varied with drought preconditioning and seed source. We subjected western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) seedlings from eight different provenances to Low (50-65% gravimetric water content), Moderate (65-75%), and High (≥75%) watering regimes in a nursery. We then investigated dry root mass across four root-plug sections, including the taproot and three lateral root cross-sections (top 1/3rd, middle 1/3rd, and bottom 1/3rd of root plugs). We also tested for carry-over effect of drought preconditioning on the mass of egressed roots observed among cross-sections of potting soil in a 30-day potted study. Root plug mass varied significantly (P< 0.001) with watering regime, root plug cross-section, and an interaction between watering regime and cross-section. Overall, seedlings that received less water produced lateral root plug cross-sections of greater mass, which coincided with taproots of less mass. In contrast to findings from the root plug study, the distribution of egressed root mass among cross-sections of potting soil did not vary with drought preconditioning. This is the first study to assess seedling root growth in response to drought preconditioning in western larch with a focus on the distribution of root mass in root plugs and egressed root mass among soil cross-sections. We expect this work to facilitate future efforts to improve drought hardiness of western larch seedlings. Future improvement of western larch seedlings will require investigation into whether altered root plug mass distribution translates to improved seedling performance in outplanting trials.
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Crosswhite, Frank S., and William R. Feldman. "EFFECT OF HYDROPHILIC POLYMER AND IRRIGATION REGIME ON GROWTH AND CUTTING PRODUCTION OF GOLDEN TORCH CACTI." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1094d—1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1094d.
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Golden Torch Cactus (Trichocereus spachianus) from Argentina is a handsome, cold-hardy, columnar cactus with excellent landscape potential. Hydrophilic polymer in combination with 5 watering regimes has been tested to determine the optimal water cost-effective manner to produce these cacti. The hydrophilic polymer is a highly absorbent polyacrylamide compound. The summer water regimes tested were: rainfall only, irrigation twice per week, once per week, twice per month, and monthly. The study was evaluated at 16 and 36 months. Amendment with polyacrylamide resulted in significant depression in total cuttings and total length of cuttings as of 16 months, but this effect had disappeared as of 36 months. There were no significant interactions between the polyacrylamide and irrigation regime variables. Irrigation regime significantly affected performance throughout the course of the study. Weekly irrigation (summer) resulted in the greatest cost benefits in terms of production as a function of water applied. Cultivation under ambient rainfall resulted in 100% survival and modest production, as compared with irrigated plants.
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Polomski, J., and D. Rigling. "Effect of Watering Regime on Disease Development in Pinus sylvestris Seedlings Inoculated with Bursaphelenchus vallesianus and B. mucronatus." Plant Disease 94, no. 8 (2010): 1055–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-8-1055.
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Several Bursaphelenchus spp. have been detected in declining pine trees in Europe during intensive monitoring for the pine wood nematode B. xylophilus. We investigated the pathogenicity of B. vallesianus and B. mucronatus, isolated from declining Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forests in Valais (Switzerland), in relation to drought stress. Four isolates of B. vallesianus and two isolates of B. mucronatus were inoculated into 3-year-old P. sylvestris trees, which were subjected to different watering treatments (50, 100, 150, and 250 ml of water per pot, biweekly). Disease symptoms, plant mortality, nematode population density, and nematode distribution in dead plants were assessed. Both Bursaphelenchus spp. proved highly pathogenic to the seedlings and watering treatment affected disease development in the inoculated pine trees. With decreasing water supply, we observed faster disease progress and higher pine mortality for both Bursaphelenchus spp. The overall mortality 70 days after inoculation was 60, 92, 95, and 100% for B. vallesianus and 40, 95, 100, and 100% for B. mucronatus in the 250-, 150-, 100-, and 50-ml watering treatments, respectively. Both nematode species multiplied in the inoculated plants; however, B. mucronatus had higher population densities than B. vallesianus in all watering treatments (on average, 33,159 versus 14,702 nematodes/dead plant compared with the initial inoculum density of 6,000 nematodes/plant). The highest nematode density was found in the lower part of the stem. About 7 to 16% of the nematodes were extracted from the roots. This study demonstrated that B. vallesianus has a pathogenicity potential comparable with that of B. mucronatus and provided experimental evidence that drought stress can result in increased symptoms caused by either Bursaphelenchus sp.
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Valizadeh, G. R., Z. Rengel, and A. W. Rate. "Response of wheat genotypes efficient in P utilisation and genotypes responsive to P fertilisation to different P banding depths and watering regimes." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 1 (2003): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02040.
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The capacity of wheat roots to lift water from subsoil with high moisture content into dry topsoil (hydraulic lift) and the subsequent impact on P uptake from dry topsoil are poorly understood. Two experiments were set up to test the capacity of 4 wheat genotypes differing in P efficiency to take up P from the fertiliser banded in dry topsoil (with wet subsoil). The interactions among genotypes, banding depths, and watering regimes (whole-profile or subsoil-only watering) were also characterised. The root system increased soil water content from 64 to 90 g/kg soil around the P fertiliser band by taking up water in the subsoil and releasing it into the dry topsoil during the night. Phosphorus applied as a band at 20 mg P/kg soil in dry topsoil (5 cm deep) significantly increased P uptake and shoot weight compared with a nil P control. Westonia and Gutha genotypes (efficient in P utilisation, based on dry matter produced per unit of P taken up) had higher shoot weights than Aroona and Wawht 2074 (genotypes responsive to P fertilisation, based on dry matter produced per unit of P fertiliser applied). Greater growth of wheat genotypes occurred in the treatment with P fertiliser banded at a depth of 5 cm compared with 15 cm in the whole-profile watering treatment, but no difference between banding depths was noted in the subsoil-only watering treatment. Wheat genotypes responsive to P fertilisation increased P uptake and shoot weight at the 5-cm P banding depth and the whole-profile watering treatment compared with genotypes efficient in P utilisation. Phosphorus-utilisation-efficient genotypes increased shoot growth more than other genotypes in the subsoil-only watering treatment. It can be concluded that roots of various wheat genotypes lift water from wet subsoil into the dry topsoil (hydraulic lift). Phosphorus fertiliser banded at 5-cm depth in dry topsoil increased P uptake and wheat growth due to the presence of hydraulically lifted water. Genotypes that are efficient in utilising P increased shoot weight more than genotypes responsive to P fertilisers in the subsoil-only watering treatment. In contrast, P-responsive genotypes increased shoot growth more than P-utilisation-efficient genotypes when P fertiliser was banded at 5-cm depth, and a whole-profile watering regime was imposed.
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Olaoye, B. A., and M. B. Oyun. "Early growth of selected indigenous tree species in response to watering regime." Tropical Plant Research 6, no. 2 (2019): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2019.v6.i2.028.
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Babb, Alyssa D., and Mirwais M. Qaderi. "Temperature and Watering Regime Interactions in Shaping Canola Reproductive Yield and Seed Quality." Seeds 4, no. 2 (2025): 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds4020021.
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Crops are continually subjected to frequent and extreme changes in climate, such as high temperatures and soil water deficits. Many studies have shown the individual effects of these factors on plants, but their combined effects on reproductive growth and subsequent seed germinability have received little attention. In this study, we used canola (Brassica napus) plants and grew them through their lifecycle under two temperature regimes (20/10 °C and 24/14 °C, 16 h light/8 h dark) in controlled-environment growth chambers. Half of the plants were watered to field capacity (well-watered) and the other half at wilting point (water-stressed). During the reproductive stage, the flower, silique, and seed traits were measured. Higher temperatures decreased the petal width by 1.17 times but increased petal anthocyanins by 1.03 times. The water deficit decreased the silique length and total seed number by 1.21 and 1.32 times, respectively, but increased nectar sugar concentration by 1.28 times. The total volume of nectar was affected by the interaction of temperature and water. The nectar volume was lowest in the water-stressed plants under higher temperatures (2.66 ± 0.29 µL per flower) but highest in the well-watered plants under the same temperature regime (5.73 ± 0.37 µL per flower). In conclusion, the combined effects of temperature and water were less pronounced than the individual effects of these factors on canola reproductive yield.
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Kostenko, Mikhail, Vladimir Teterin, Dmitry Melnichuk, Sergei Mitrofanov, and Alexey Podyablonskiy. "Experimental studies of the parameters of a positional sprinkler system." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 07012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127307012.
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The most important factor affecting the yield of agricultural crops is the formation of an optimal water regime in the active soil layer. One of the main methods of carrying out such works is sprinkling, since it is closest to the process of natural precipitation. At the same time, existing water sprinklers do not provide watering agricultural lands that meets agro-technological requirements due to the design features and the specifics of the landscape on which they are used, forming in the process of watering zones with excessive and insufficient moisture. In this regard, a positional water sprinkler has been developed, which has the ability to water along a path close to rectangular. Obtaining this trajectory is achieved due to the design features obtained as a result of mathematical modeling. The article presents the structural diagram of the developed water sprinkler, considers the principle of its operation, presents the results of mathematical analysis and modeling of kinematic processes occurring during its operation. The above research results show that the use of the proposed water sprinkler will improve the quality of watering due to the watering trajectory closest to rectangular.
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Shadrack Kinyua Inoti and Doris Cherop. "Appropriate watering interval for Prunus africana nursery seedlings in Egerton University, Njoro, Kenya." International Journal of Scientific Research Updates 3, no. 1 (2022): 034–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2022.3.1.0026.
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Water is essential in raising seedlings but needs to be efficiently utilized since it is a scarce resource. Hardening off of nursery seedlings through reduction of watering regime leads to better survival. Watering interval is not well determined and this can vary with species type and locality. An experiment was set up in dry season to determine the most appropriate watering interval for African stinkwood (Prunus africana) seedlings in Egerton University, Kenya. The experiment was laid down as a Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments replicated 3 times. Treatments comprised of different watering intervals, which were as follows; twice daily, once daily, 2 days and 4 days, which were applied for 2 months on seedlings during January to March 2018. ANOVA was used to determine treatment differences while SED was used to determine the significantly different treatment means at p ≤ 0.05. Results showed that watering twice daily gives the best growth of Prunus seedlings but encourages succulent foliage growth which is not favourable for planting out seedlings. Therefore two days watering interval is the most ideal for hardening off seedlings that are non-succulent in the highlands since it reduces foliage growth and encourages woodiness. The recommended interval is 2 days since it showed good growth with minimal water use equivalent to 25% of the water used by seedling watered twice daily. The results can be applied in the Kenyan highlands for non-succulent species. Further studies needs to be done for different pot sizes and soil mixtures.
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Żelazny, Wiktor R., and Jan Lukáš. "Drought Stress Detection in Juvenile Oilseed Rape Using Hyperspectral Imaging with a Focus on Spectra Variability." Remote Sensing 12, no. 20 (2020): 3462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203462.
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Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has been gaining recognition as a promising proximal and remote sensing technique for crop drought stress detection. A modelling approach accounting for the treatment effects on the stress indicators’ standard deviations was applied to proximal images of oilseed rape—a crop subjected to various HSI studies, with the exception of drought. The aim of the present study was to determine the spectral responses of two cultivars, ‘Cadeli’ and ‘Viking’, representing distinctive water management strategies, to three types of watering regimes. Hyperspectral data cubes were acquired at the leaf level using a 2D frame camera. The influence of the experimental factors on the extent of leaf discolorations, vegetation index values, and principal component scores was investigated using Bayesian linear models. Clear treatment effects were obtained primarily for the vegetation indexes with respect to the watering regimes. The mean values of RGI, MTCI, RNDVI, and GI responded to the difference between the well-watered and water-deprived plants. The RGI index excelled among them in terms of effect strengths, which amounted to −0.96[−2.21,0.21] and −0.71[−1.97,0.49] units for each cultivar. A consistent increase in the multiple index standard deviations, especially RGI, PSRI, TCARI, and TCARI/OSAVI, was associated with worsening of the hydric regime. These increases were captured not only for the dry treatment but also for the plants subjected to regeneration after a drought episode, particularly by PSRI (a multiplicative effect of 0.33[0.16,0.68] for ‘Cadeli’). This result suggests a higher sensitivity of the vegetation index variability measures relative to the means in the context of the oilseed rape drought stress diagnosis and justifies the application of HSI to capture these effects. RGI is an index deserving additional scrutiny in future studies, as both its mean and standard deviation were affected by the watering regimes.
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Qaderi, Mirwais M., and David M. Reid. "Stressed crops emit more methane despite the mitigating effects of elevated carbon dioxide." Functional Plant Biology 38, no. 2 (2011): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp10119.
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Recent studies using single environmental variables show that under aerobic conditions terrestrial plants can emit methane (CH4). However, the effects of multiple environmental factors – as components of global climate change – on aerobic CH4 emissions have been little studied. We examined the combined effects of temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2) and watering regime on CH4 emissions from six commonly cultivated crop species: faba bean, sunflower, pea, canola, barley and wheat. Plants were grown from seeds in controlled-environment growth chambers under two temperature regimes (24°C day/20°C night and 30°C day/26°C night), two CO2 concentrations (380 and 760 µmol mol–1) and two watering regimes (well watered and water stressed). Plants were grown first under 24/20°C for 1 week from sowing, and then placed under experimental conditions for a further week. After the specified time, plant growth, gas exchange and CH4 emission rates were determined. Our results revealed that higher temperature and water stress significantly enhance CH4 emissions from plants, whereas elevated CO2 had the opposite effect and partially reverses the promotive effects of these factors. We suggest that the despite the mitigating effects of rising atmospheric CO2, CH4 emission may be higher in the face of ongoing global climate change in warmer and drier environments.
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Solodunov, A. A., M. A. Bandurin, L. D. Sarksyan, and M. S. Lukyanova. "IMPROVEMENT OF DRAINAGE AND DISCHARGE RUNOFF SAVING MODE ON RICE SYSTEMS IN LOW-WATER YEARS." Scientific Life 16, no. 1 (2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-1-8-19.
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The article addresses the issues of improving the regime of saving drainage and discharge water on rice systems in low-water years. The best conditions for rice development are created when there is a layer of water on the soil surface. Due to the presence of a layer of water and its regulation on the lands of rice systems, an optimal reclamation state is maintained. Volumes of supplied and withdrawn water from rice systems depend on relief, hydrogeological and hydrological conditions. The greatest impact on the volume of water supply and runoff is the spring flood, which falls on May - June months, which causes flooding of rice fields. The volume of drainage and discharge of rice irrigation systems of the North Caucasus is 20-75% of water supply. For rice systems located in the dryless and weakly drained zones of the Volga Delta, this volume is significantly larger and reaches 120% of the water supply. Significant filtration from the channels has a great influence on the regime of groundwater, leads to an increase in the level of groundwater in the channel zone, causing flooding, waterlogging and salinization of the territories adjacent to the channels, up to their withdrawal from agricultural use. Filtration losses from the inter-farm and intra-farm network depend on the nature of its clothes, the periodicity of work, the type of soils in which this network is laid, and the degree of turbidity of irrigation water. Depending on the different combination of these factors, the efficiency varies widely: from 0.40 to 0.97, determining a large range of losses for filtration and, accordingly, groundwater supply. In the course of the conducted studies, the regimes for improving the mode of saving drainage and discharge water on rice systems were justified precisely in low-water years. The use of various types of watering on checks and sprinkling with moisture-charging watering contributes to the removal of salts from the upper layers of the soil profile when mineralizing groundwater up to 5 g/l, and watering is desalinating.