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Journal articles on the topic 'Waterjet machining'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Hashish, Mohamed. "Observations on Cutting With 600-MPa Waterjets." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1400739.

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Waterjet technology development for 600-MPa (87-Ksi) operations involves efforts on machining process development, pumps, plumbing, nozzles, and machining systems development. In this paper, data will be presented on cutting with water and abrasive waterjet at these elevated pressures. The effects of waterjet (WJ) and abrasive waterjet (AWJ) parameters on cutting rates of several materials are analyzed. It is observed that the power required for cutting is reduced as the pressure increases. Sheet metal and composites can be cut effectively with waterjets. The quality of the cut surfaces, however, improves by increasing pressure, adding abrasives, and operating at optimal standoff distances.

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2

Hashish, Mohamed. "Pressure Effects in Abrasive-Waterjet (AWJ) Machining." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 111, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3226458.

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Abrasive-waterjets (AWJs) are formed by mixing high-pressure (up to 400 MPa) waterjets (0.1 to 1 mm in diameter) with abrasive particles in mixing tubes with typical 1/d ratios of 50 to 100. The pressure of the waterjet influences the overall performance of the abrasive-waterjet cutting system through operational and phenomenological effects. Higher pressures result in lower hydraulic efficiency, more frequent maintenance, high wear rates of mixing tubes, and fragmentation of particles before they exit the nozzle. However, with high pressures, deeper cuts can be obtained and higher traverse speeds can be used. Consequently, the hydraulic power is best utilized at an optimum pressure, which is a function of all other parameters as well as the application criteria. This paper presents data and analyses on the effect of pressure on nozzle operational characteristics, i.e., jet spreading characteristics, abrasive particle fragmentation, suction capability, wear of mixing tubes, and mixing efficiency. The effect of pressure on the parameters of cutting performance is discussed with example data. These parameters are depth of cut, specific area generation, maximum cutting traverse rate, surface waviness, and cost of cutting. Optimal pressure examples presented in this study indicate that pressures over 240 MPa are required for efficient abrasive-waterjet performance in metal cutting.

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3

BABA, Yasuo. "Abrasive-Waterjet Machining of Composites." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 75, no. 8 (2009): 945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.75.945.

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4

Boud, F., J. W. Murray, L. F. Loo, A. T. Clare, and P. K. Kinnell. "Soluble Abrasives for Waterjet Machining." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 29, no. 11-12 (October 7, 2014): 1346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2014.930949.

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5

Hashish, M. "Waterjet Machining of Advanced Composites." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 10, no. 6 (November 1995): 1129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426919508935098.

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6

Liu, H. T. (Peter). "Advanced Waterjet Technology for Machining Curved and Layered Structures." Curved and Layered Structures 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cls-2019-0004.

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Abstract Considerable advancements in waterjet technology take advantage of its inherent merits as a versatile machine tool have been achieved in recent years. Such advancements include, but are not limited to, process automation, machining precision, multimode machining of most materials from macro to micro scales, and cost effectiveness with fast turnaround. In particular, waterjet as a cold cutting tool does not introduce heat-affected zones (HAZ) and preserves the integrity of parent materials. As such, for heat-sensitive materials, its cutting speed is over ten times faster than those of thermal-based tools, such as solid-state lasers, electric discharge machining (EDM), and plasmas cutting. Although waterjet is basically a 2D machined tool, novel multi-axis accessories were developed to enable 3D machining and for machining on workpieces with 3D geometry. For composites, waterjet unlike mechanical routers is capable of minimizing or mitigating tearing and fraying. CNC hard tools that are in direct contact with highly abrasive composite matrix often experience rapid wearing while the heat generated by machining processes induces thermal damage to the composite. This is a nonissue for waterjet as it is a noncontact tool. The only issue for machining composites with waterjet was the damage caused by large stagnating pressure developed inside blind holes during the initial piercing operation (before breakthrough). Considerable effort was made to understand and resolve the waterjet piercing damage issue. For extremely precise parts, waterjet can serve advantageously as a near-net shaping tool; the parts can then be finished by light trimming with proper precision tools. Since the bulk of the material is removed by waterjet, the operating lives of the precision tools can be greatly extended. This paper presents a collection of waterjet-machined samples to demonstrate many benefits by applying waterjet for multimode machining of curved and layered structures.

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7

Zhu, Hong Tao, Chuan Zhen Huang, Jun Wang, Yan Xia Feng, and Rong Guo Hou. "Theoretical Analysis on the Machining Mechanism in Ultrasonic Vibration Abrasive Waterjet." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.127.

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As a unique machining way, Abrasive Waterjet Machining (AWJ) is one of the fastest developing new non-traditional machining methods and has a wide range of machinable materials. In this paper, the machining mechanism in AWJ is theoretically analyzed by impact dynamic mechanics method. There is stagnancy layer between waterjet and workpiece surface. It is found that the stagnancy layer and low energy abrasive particle are the main factors, which weaken machining capability and effective utilizing ratio of energy of AWJ machining. Ultrasonic Vibration Abrasive Waterjet Machining, a new machining method, is put forward and the influence of ultrasonic vibration on machining mechanism of AWJ machining is discussed.

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8

Liu, (Peter), and Neil Gershenfeld. "Performance Comparison of Subtractive and Additive Machine Tools for Meso-Micro Machining." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 4, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp4010019.

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Several series of experiments were conducted to compare the performance of selected sets of subtractive and additive machine tools for meso-micro machining. Under the MicroCutting Project, meso-micro machining of a reference part was conducted to compare the performance of several machine tools. A prototype flexure of the microspline of an asteroid gripper under development at NASA/JPL was selected as the reference part for the project. Several academic, research institutes, and industrial firms were among the collaborators participating in the project. Both subtractive and additive machine tools were used, including abrasive waterjets, CNC milling, lasers, 3D printing, and laser powder bed fusion. Materials included aluminum, stainless steel, and nonmetal resins. Each collaborator produced the reference part in its facility using materials most suitable for their tools. The finished parts were inspected qualitatively and quantitatively at OMAX Corporation. The performance of the participating machine tools was then compared based on the results of the inspection. Test results show that the two top performers for this test part are the CNC precision milling and micro abrasive waterjet. For machining a single flexure, the CNC precision milling had a slight edge over the micro abrasive waterjet machining in terms of part accuracy and edge quality. The advantages disappear or the trend even reverses when stack machining with taper compensation is adopted for the micro abrasive waterjet.

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9

Hashish, M. "Optimization Factors in Abrasive-Waterjet Machining." Journal of Engineering for Industry 113, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899619.

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This paper discusses the factors that need to be considered when selecting the operational parameters for abrasive-waterjet (AWJ) machining. Machining applications such as cutting, milling, and turning are considered along with sample data. The effects of different AWJ parameters on both the functional performance of the AWJ system components and the material removal process are discussed. Factors for optimizing these parameters include hardware limitations, high-pressure-related phenomena, and the performance interaction among the different nozzle components. Due to the large number of parameters and factors involved in AWJ machining processes, significant improvements in performance may be obtained by optimizing these parameters.

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10

Hashish, M. "Material Properties in Abrasive-Waterjet Machining." Journal of Engineering for Industry 117, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2803536.

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The abrasive-waterjet (AWJ) machining process is a controlled erosive wear process where the abrasive cutting agents are focused in a narrow beam. The beam-material interaction process constitutes more than one mode, the most dominant of which are the cutting wear mode and the deformation wear mode. The cutting wear mode occurs at the top of the kerf due to shallow angles of impact and results in a steady-state interface. The material hardness (H) or Vicker’s hardness number is the most relevant material property to this mode of interaction. The deformation wear mode occurs below the cutting wear mode due to large angles of impact and results in an unsteady penetration process. The modulus of elasticity (E) was found to correlate well with the deformation wear material removal. A prediction model was used to express the depth of cut (h) as a function of material properties: h=A/H+B/(E+C) where A, B, and C are process constants.

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11

Ramulu, M., S. Kunaporn, D. Arola, M. Hashish, and J. Hopkins. "Waterjet Machining and Peening of Metals." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 122, no. 1 (August 31, 1999): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.556155.

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An experimental study was conducted to determine the influence of high-pressure waterjet (WJ) peening and abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining on the surface integrity and texture of metals. A combination of microstructure analysis, microhardness measurements, and profilometry were used in determining the depth of plastic deformation and surface texture that result from the material removal process. The measurement and evaluation of residual stress was conducted with X-ray diffraction. The residual stress fields resulting from treatment were analyzed to further distinguish the influence of material properties on the surface integrity. It was found that waterjet peening induces plastic deformation at the surface layer of metals as good as shot peening. The degree of plastic deformation and the state of material surface were found to be strongly dependent on the peening conditions applied. [S0094-9930(00)00801-5]

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12

Huang, Chuan Zhen, Jun Wang, Yan Xia Feng, and Hong Tao Zhu. "Recent Development of Abrasive Water Jet Machining Technology." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.396.

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Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining is a new non-conventional machining technology. Compared with other conventional and non-conventional machining technologies, AWJ offers the following advantages: no thermal distortion, small machining force, high machining versatility, etc. Therefore this technology is regarded as a high potential technology in the field of machining difficult-to-cut materials. In this paper, a comprehensive review of research situation about the cutting performance, the cutting mechanism and the measures to improve the cutting quality is given. The application of abrasive waterjet machining in turning, milling and drilling is reviewed finally.

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13

Hamatani, G., and M. Ramulu. "Machinability of High Temperature Composites by Abrasive Waterjet." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 112, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2903346.

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An experimental investigation was conducted on the machinability of particulate reinforced ceramic TiB2/SiC and metal SiC/Al matrix composites by an abrasive water jet. Both piercing and slot cutting experiments were conducted to determine the influence abrasive waterjet machining has on the material. Machining performance was reported by both cut quality as measured by taper and machined surface characteristics. Based on these preliminary experiments, abrasive waterjet machining seems to be a satisfactory machining method for both metal and ceramic matrix composites.

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14

Ramulu, M. "Dynamic photoelastic investigation on the mechanics of waterjet and abrasive waterjet machining." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 19, no. 1-3 (January 1993): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-8166(93)90035-j.

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15

Pi, Vu Ngoc, and Nguyen Quoc Tuan. "Necessary Cutting Energy in Abrasive Waterjet Machining." Advanced Materials Research 76-78 (June 2009): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.76-78.351.

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This paper introduces a new study on the modeling of AWJ necessary cutting energy. In the study, a model for prediction of the necessary cutting energy is proposed by combining physical-mathematical models and experimental methods. The effects of various jet parameters as well as the effects of the abrasive size, abrasive material and the effect of work material on the necessary cutting energy are taken into account.

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16

Hashish, Mohamed. "A Model for Abrasive-Waterjet (AWJ) Machining." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 111, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3226448.

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Ultrahigh-pressure abrasive-waterjets (AWJs) are being developed as net shape and near-net-shape machining tools for hard-to-machine materials. These tools offer significant advantages over existing techniques, including technical, economical, environmental, and safety concerns. Predicting the cutting results, however, is a difficult task and a major effort in this development process. This paper presents a model for predicting the depth of cut of abrasive-waterjets in different metals. This new model is based on an improved model of erosion by solid particle impact, which is also presented. The erosion model accounts for the physical and geometrical characteristics of the eroding particle and results in a velocity exponent of 2.5, which is in agreement with erosion data in the literature. The erosion model is used with a kinematic jet-solid penetration model to yield expressions for depths of cut according to different modes of erosion along the cutting kerf. This kinematic model was developed previously through visualization of the cutting process. The depth of cut consists of two parts: one due to a cutting wear mode at shallow angles of impact, and the other due to a deformation wear mode at large angles of impact. The predictions of the AWJ cutting model are checked against a large database of cutting results for a wide range of parameters and metal types. Materials are characterized by two properties: the dynamic flow stress, and the threshold particle velocity. The dynamic flow stress used in the erosion model was found to correlate with a typical modulus of elasticity for metals. The threshold particle velocity was determined by best fitting the model to the experimental results. Model predictions agree well with experimental results, with correlation coefficients of over 0.9 for many of the metals considered in this study.

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17

Badgujar, P. P., and M. G. Rathi. "Abrasive Waterjet Machining-A State of Art." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 11, no. 3 (2014): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-11365964.

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18

Liu, Xiaochu, Zhongwei Liang, Guilin Wen, and Xuefeng Yuan. "Waterjet machining and research developments: a review." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 102, no. 5-8 (January 3, 2019): 1257–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-3094-3.

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19

Jianming, Wang, Gao Na, and Gong Wenjun. "Abrasive waterjet machining simulation by SPH method." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 50, no. 1-4 (January 29, 2010): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-010-2521-x.

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20

Wang, Qing Hua, Dong Hua Deng, and Bo Huang. "Experimental Study on 3-Phase Abrasive Waterjet Deburring." Advanced Materials Research 411 (November 2011): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.411.335.

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Burrs are unnecessary by-products produced by cutting metal in a machining process. It greatly affects product quality and assembly efficiency, and also affects product cost. Therefore, burrs must be removed and the surface quality must be maintained. Contrary to abrasive waterjet, 3-phase abrasive waterjet has same machining effect on a workpiece without an additional equipment to meet its circulatory requirement. An experiment was performed to analyze the effect of the 3-phase abrasive waterjet parameters on burr removal and surface quality.

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21

Deaconescu, Tudor, and Andrea Deaconescu. "Study on Waterjet Machining of Soft Material Components." Applied Mechanics and Materials 834 (April 2016): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.834.132.

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Modern industry increasingly deploys waterjet machining of materials, a technology based on extremely complex and at times difficult to explain phenomena. Aimed at elucidating certain aspects of the cutting mechanics of waterjet machining, the paper presents the calculation and discusses the penetration depth of the water drops into the part material and the necessary working pressures.

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22

Tosun, Nihat, Ihsan Dagtekin, Latif Ozler, and Ahmet Deniz. "Abrasive Waterjet Cutting of Aluminum Alloys: Workpiece Surface Roughness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 404 (September 2013): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.404.3.

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Abrasive waterjet machining is one of the non-traditional methods of the recent years which found itself a wide area of application in the industry for machining of different materials. In this paper, the surface roughness of 6061-T6 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys are being cut with abrasive waterjet is examined experimentally. The experiments were conducted with different waterjet pressures and traverse speeds. It has been found that the surface roughness obtained by cutting material with high mechanical properties is better than that of obtained by cutting material with inferior mechanical properties.

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23

Kong, M. C., and D. A. Axinte. "Capability of Advanced Abrasive Waterjet Machining and its Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 1674–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.1674.

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Abrasive waterjet machining has been recently considered as a promising, emerging non-conventional technology with an extensive growth in its market share and research activities. In this paper, a Europe’s first 5-axis AWJ system established at the University of Nottingham will be introduced followed by some of the research works explored on the capability of AWJ machining (e.g. AWJ cutting, AWJ drilling, AWJ milling, AWJ turning) on exotic materials such as Ti-based alloys at different niche applications. Thanks to advances in the complementary AWJ technology (e.g. ultra-high pressurized pump) and advanced machine designs (e.g. multi-axis machine movement), it was found that the machining capability of abrasive waterjet (even plain waterjet) can be extended if innovative strategies are applied.

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24

Ma, F. J., Xiang Long Zhu, Ren Ke Kang, Zhi Gang Dong, and S. Q. Zou. "Study on the Subsurface Damages of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites." Advanced Materials Research 797 (September 2013): 691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.691.

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The machining methods such as waterjet cutting, milling, grinding, lapping, etc. are usually used to manufacture glass fiber reinforced composites (GFRCs) parts. Damages will be produced unavoidably in the machining process, no matter which machining method is employed. Subsurface damage is one of the important parameters to evaluate the surface layer damages. The detection method for the subsurface damages of glass fiber reinforced glass matrix (glass/glass) composite after machining is researched. The characteristics of subsurface damages of glass/glass composite after waterjet cutting, milling, grinding and lapping are investigated mainly, when the fiber direction is either perpendicular or parallel to the cutting surface.

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25

ZHANG, Chengguang. "Study on Removal Model of Abrasive Waterjet Machining." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 51, no. 7 (2015): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2015.07.188.

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26

Luo, Wu Sheng, Cheng Yong Wang, Jun Wang, and Y. X. Song. "The Development of Micro Abrasive Waterjet Machining Technology." Advanced Materials Research 188 (March 2011): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.188.733.

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Erosion caused by solid particle impact is a very common phenomenon. In many fields such as particle (or slurry) transportation, equipment protection in a dust environment, turbine engineering, etc., prevention of particle erosion is the task. In other applications, it is used as a tool for desirable material removal, surface cleaning, controlled destruction, numerous studies on this subject have been conducted by researchers from many disciplines including physics, material science, mechanics, manufacturing, standardization, etc.. To provide a comprehensive view of the problem of erosion by solid particle impact, a review is conducted based on the literature collected on material subject of erosion by solid particle impact. The reviewed works are limited to ductile material erosion and four categories: erosion mechanism, parametric studies, material removal modeling and simulation modeling.

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27

Maros, Zs. "Machining of different materials with abrasive waterjet cutting." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 448 (November 30, 2018): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/448/1/012009.

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28

Kun-Bodnár, K., J. Kundrák, and Zs Maros. "Machining of rotationally symmetric parts with abrasive waterjet." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 448 (November 30, 2018): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/448/1/012053.

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29

EITobgy, M., E.-G. Ng, and M. A. Elbestawi. "Modelling of Abrasive Waterjet Machining: A New Approach." CIRP Annals 54, no. 1 (2005): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)60104-8.

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30

Axinte, D. A., and M. C. Kong. "An integrated monitoring method to supervise waterjet machining." CIRP Annals 58, no. 1 (2009): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2009.03.022.

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31

Schüler, M., M. Dadgar, T. Herrig, A. Klink, and T. Bergs. "Experimental investigation of abrasive properties in waterjet machining." Procedia CIRP 101 (2021): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.03.128.

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32

Kong, Lingrong, Yu Wang, Xin Lei, Chao Feng, and Zhiqiao Wang. "Integral modeling of abrasive waterjet micro-machining process." Wear 482-483 (October 2021): 203987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2021.203987.

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33

Ling, Tsz Yan, and David Y. H. Pui. "Characterization of Nanoparticles from Abrasive Waterjet Machining and Electrical Discharge Machining Processes." Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 22 (November 4, 2013): 12721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es402593y.

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34

Zhu, Hong Tao, Chuan Zhen Huang, Jun Wang, Guo Qun Zhao, and Quan Lai Li. "Modeling Material Removal in Fracture Erosion for Brittle Materials by Abrasive Waterjet." Advanced Materials Research 76-78 (June 2009): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.76-78.357.

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The abrasive waterjet machining is a powerful tool in processing various materials, especially, for brittle materials, such as ceramic, glass and so on. However, the material removal of a brittle material when impacted by abrasive waterjet is not understood in detail. In this paper, the material removal model in fracture erosion of brittle materials by abrasive waterjet has been developed.

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35

Zhu, Hao, Jun Wang, Wei Yi Li, and Huai Zhong Li. "Microgrooving of Germanium Wafers Using Laser and Hybrid Laser-Waterjet Technologies." Advanced Materials Research 1017 (September 2014): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1017.193.

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Lasers have the potential for the micromachining of germanium (Ge). However, the thermal damages associated with the laser machining process need to be properly controlled. To minimize the thermal damages, a hybrid laser-waterjet ablation technology has recently been developed for micromachining. This paper presents an experimental study to assess the machining performances in microgrooving of Ge by using a nanosecond laser and the hybrid laser-waterjet technology. The effects of laser pulse energy, pulse overlap and focal plane position on the groove geometry and heat affected zone (HAZ) size are analyzed and discussed. It is shown that the hybrid laser-waterjet technology can give rise to narrow and deep microgrooves with minimum HAZ.

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36

Tangwarodomnukun, Viboon, and Jun Wang. "Optimization of Hybrid Laser-Waterjet Micromachining of Silicon." Advanced Materials Research 797 (September 2013): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.3.

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Micro/nanofabrication with less damage has been raised as a challenging issue in advanced micro/nanomanufacturing industries. Recently, a new hybrid laser-waterjet machining technology has been developed, in which material is removed by laser heating and softening and waterjet cooling and expelling with negligible thermal damage to the workpiece. An optimization of the process parameters, such as laser pulse energy, laser pulse overlap, focal plane position, and waterjet offset distance, in the machining of silicon using this hybrid technology is presented in this study. Grey relational analysis based on an orthogonal array is employed to optimize the multi-performance characteristics, where the groove width and heat-affected zone are minimized while the groove depth is maximized.

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37

Wang, Liang, Chuan Zhen Huang, Jun Wang, Hong Tao Zhu, and Peng Yao. "Laser-Assisted Waterjet Microgrooving of Silicon Nitride Ceramics with near Damage-Free." Materials Science Forum 861 (July 2016): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.861.69.

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A new processing technology is used in micromachining silicon nitride ceramics for improving the processing efficiency. Laser-assisted waterjet machining technology with near damage-free plays an important role in reducing the heat-affected zone (HAZ). In order to understand the effects of process parameters, such as pulse energy, waterjet offset distance and water pressure, on microgrooving of silicon nitride ceramics and the machining performance, a full-factorial experiment with the comparison experiment has been carried out in this study for analyzing and discussing the groove geometry, the surface quality and HAZ width. It can be concluded that the laser-assisted waterjet processing technology can expel more material removal with near damage-free.

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38

Lebar, A., and M. Junkar. "Simulation of abrasive waterjet machining based on unit event features." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 217, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440503322011425.

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Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining is a non-conventional process. Its most striking advantage is the absence of a heat-affected zone. AWJ machining can be successfully used on a very broad spectrum of materials, regardless of their brittleness, ductility or composition. However, this machining process has the disadvantage of striations being left on the surface of the machined workpiece. Since forecasting of the results of this process is still on the empirical level, great efforts are being put into the modelling of the AWJ process. In this paper, an original model of the AWJ machining process is presented. It is based on an AWJ process unit event, which in this case represents the impact of a particular abrasive grain. The geometrical characteristics of the unit event are measured on a physical model of the AWJ process. The measured dependencies and the proposed model relations are then implemented in AWJ machining process simulation.

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39

Deaconescu, Andrea, and Tudor Deaconescu. "Response Surface Methods Used for Optimization of Abrasive Waterjet Machining of the Stainless Steel X2 CrNiMo 17-12-2." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 2475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102475.

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Abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM) has a particularly high potential for the machining of stainless steels. One of the main optimization objectives of the machining of X2 CrNiMo 17-12-2 stainless steel is obtaining a minimal surface roughness. This entails selecting an optimum configuration of the main influencing factors of the machining process. Optimization of the machining system was achieved by intervening on four selected input quantities (traverse speed, waterjet pressure, stand-off distance, and grit size), with three set points considered for each. The effects of modifying the set-points of each input parameter on the surface roughness were studied. By means of response surface methodology (RSM) the combination of factor set points was determined that ensures a minimum roughness of the machined surface. The main benefit of RSM is the reduced time needed for experimenting.

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40

Supriya, S. B., and S. Srinivas. "Machining Capabilities of Abrasive Waterjet on Stainless Steel 304." Applied Mechanics and Materials 895 (November 2019): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.895.313.

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Stainless Steels are possessing fabrication flexibility, high hardness, durability, low maintenance, high strength and resistance to heat and corrosion. This alloy steel is extensively used in various engineering applications. Some of the conventional machining techniques results in loss of original properties of stainless steel work material and makes it to behave like ordinary material within the machined surface. Machining of Stainless steels is more challenging due to its high alloying content. Problems such as application of huge coolant supply and poor chip breaking while machining, work hardening in work material, use of cutting tools with varying tool signature, results in enhanced production cost and time. Further, it is important to ensure that there is no machine tool-cutting tool vibration leading to edge chipping of cutting tool. To avoid all these problems, Abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) is used. This paper presents the machining capabilities of AWJ on Stainless Steel304. Influence of dynamic input parameters such as jet pressure, speed of traverse and abrasive flow rate on the depth of cut is investigated. An empirical model is proposed for depth of cut and an error analysis is done with measured and modeled values of depth of cut. It was found that traverse speed influences more than other parameters. SEM images indicated smooth surface at entrance and waviness at exit side. The model proposed predicts the depth of cut more or less accurately.

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Kalla, D. K., B. Zhang, R. Asmatulu, and P. S. Dhanasekaran. "Current Research Trends in Abrasive Waterjet Machining of Fiber Reinforced Composites." Materials Science Forum 713 (February 2012): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.713.37.

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The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in the aircraft and automotive industries exponentially. Reinforced fibers which are abrasive in nature make it hard to machine by the traditional machining. Dissipation of heat into workpiece which in turn results in enhanced cutting tool wear and damage to the workpiece is the common problems faced in traditional machining of FRPs. Nontraditional machining is favorable to reduce these issues. Abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM) is one of the best choices for machining FRPs. Development in AWJM of FRPs and the current research in this field will be discussed in details. Machining process of FRPs, quality dependents such as surface finish and variable cutting parameters will be addressed. One of main issues in AWJM noise due to high flow rate of water jet will be addressed. The importance of human safety aspects when AWJM is employed will be highlighted. Limitations and challenges in AWJM are presented elaborately.

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Wang, Yong, Hong Tao Zhu, Chuan Zhen Huang, Jun Wang, and Peng Yao. "A Study on Ultrasonic Torsional Vibration-Assisted Abrasive Waterjet Polishing of Ceramic Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1136 (January 2016): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1136.400.

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Abrasive waterjet machining is considered as a promising technique in hard-brittle material polishing. In this paper, The ultrasonic torsional vibration is considered to apply on the workpiece to improve the abrasive waterjet polishing quality and efficiency. The process parameters in the ultrasonic torsional vibration-assisted abrasive waterjet polishing are optimized. The ultrasonic torsional vibration in the role of the abrasive waterjet polishing is investigated. The results show that the application of ultrasonic torsional vibration can effect of abrasive particle movement and increase the critical depth of the ceramic materials.

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Durali, M., and E. Foroozmehr. "Modeling of Waterjet Cutting of Viscoelastic Materials(Analytical advancement of machining process)." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2005.3 (2005): 1143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2005.3.1143.

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Flögel, Karsten, and Fabian Faltin. "Waterjet Turning of Titanium Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 769 (September 2013): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.769.77.

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Titanium alloys offer outstanding properties with regard to its strength to density ratio and a good corrosive resistance in air atmospheres. Substantial advancements could be made by using titanium alloys, in particular for applications in the aerospace industry and medical engineering. However, no product innovation is possible without an appropriate machining technology. For example, low thermal conductivity and hot hardness lead to limitations regarding the applicable machining parameters, particularly for continuous cutting operations. Turning of high performance materials sets high demands on machine tools and especially on the used cutting tools. For conventional continuous cutting of titanium alloys the tool life time and therefore the tool life volume is limited due to the thermal mechanical behaviour. Depending on the chemical and structural composition of the alloy, conventional cutting operations can rarely be regarded as an economic solution. The Abrasive Waterjet Turning process (AWJT) represents a promising alternative manufacturing method to produce rotation-symmetrically or helical parts made of difficult to machine materials. The AWJT process combines the kinematics of conventional turning methods with process-specific advantages of the abrasive waterjet machining. The main advantages are the high variety of machinable materials, the long life time T of the focus nozzles of at least 300 minutes and its independence of the material to be processed. Furthermore, material-inhomogeneity or the initial geometrical contour of the workpiece cannot result in tool failures. An interaction of workpiece and tool known from conventional cutting processes cannot occur. An investigation on hyper eutectic aluminium alloys has shown that AWJT is an economic manufacturing process regarding the resulted material removal rates Qw and tool life volumes. The resulting roughnesses and roundnesses are comparable to a rough turning operation. In addition, AWJT results in a lower hardness penetration depth tw in comparison to conventional turning. Machining of titanium alloys with cylindrical and external turning operations as well as grooving is the next step in the experimental investigation of the machinability of difficult to machine materials with AWJT. Therefore, the objective of the presented work is to provide a model for predicting the material removal rate, the cylindrical roundness and the surface roughness of waterjet turning of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. In a screening experiment the significant setting parameters were identified and an adequate range of parameter settings for the response surface study was determined. The tested parameters were the feed rate vf, the abrasive flow rate m and particle size dp, the depth of cut dc and the rotational speed n of the workpiece. It is shown that in relation to the material removal rate Qw linear main effects as well as interaction effects are significant. The developed second-order-regression-model includes these linear main and interaction effects and the quadratic effects of the relevant setting parameters. Furthermore, the achieved material removal rates, tool life volumes, cylindrical roundness and surface quality are used as target values. Additionally the changes like plastic deformations and grain damages in the rim zone were compared to conventional machined parts. Relating to the material removal rate Qw, up to 2.5 cm³/min could be achieved for AWJT at a maximum height of profile Rz below 100 microns. Furthermore, the investigation resulted in a maximum tool life volume of 750 cm³ at a given nozzle life time. The results show that AWJT can be used as an economic alternative manufacturing process for rough turning of titanium alloys.

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Hashish, M. "The Effect of Beam Angle in Abrasive-Waterjet Machining." Journal of Engineering for Industry 115, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901638.

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In the machining of materials, abrasive-waterjets are typically applied at a 90 deg. angle to the surface of the workpiece. This paper presents results and observations on machining with abrasive-waterjets at angles other than 90 deg. Previous visualization studies of the cutting process in transparent materials have shown that there are optimal angles for maximum depth of cut and kerf depth uniformity. Here, observations on the effect of angle in machining applications such as turning, milling, linear cutting, and drilling are addressed. The effects of variations in both the impact angle and the rake angle are investigated. Results indicate that the volume removal rate is significantly affected by these angles and that the surface finish can be improved by angling the jet. However, shallow angle drilling of small holes in laminated or ceramic-coated materials requires further investigation.

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Llanto, Jennifer Milaor, Ana Vafadar, Muhammad Aamir, and Majid Tolouei-Rad. "Analysis and Optimization of Process Parameters in Abrasive Waterjet Contour Cutting of AISI 304L." Metals 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091362.

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Abrasive waterjet machining is applied in various industries for contour cutting of heat-sensitive and difficult-to-cut materials like austenitic stainless steel 304L, with the goal of ensuring high surface integrity and efficiency. In alignment with this manufacturing aspiration, experimental analysis and optimization were carried out on abrasive waterjet machining of austenitic stainless steel 304L with the objectives of minimizing surface roughness and maximizing material removal rate. In this machining process, process parameters are critical factors influencing contour cutting performance. Accordingly, Taguchi’s S/N ratio method has been used in this study for the optimization of process parameters. Further in this work, the impacts of input parameters are investigated, including waterjet pressure, abrasive mass flow rate, traverse speed and material thickness on material removal rate and surface roughness. The study reveals that an increasing level of waterjet pressure and abrasive mass flow rate achieved better surface integrity and higher material removal values. The average S/N ratio results indicate an optimum value of waterjet pressure at 300 MPa and abrasive mass flow rate of 500 g/min achieved minimum surface roughness and maximum material removal rate. It was also found that an optimized value of a traverse speed at 90 mm/min generates the lowest surface roughness and 150 mm/min produces the highest rate of material removed. Moreover, analysis of variance in the study showed that material thickness was the most influencing parameter on surface roughness and material removal rate, with a percentage contribution ranging 90.72–97.74% and 65.55–78.17%, respectively.

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Liu, (Peter). "“7M”Advantage of Abrasive Waterjet for Machining Advanced Materials." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 1, no. 1 (September 13, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp1010011.

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Liu, Xiaochu, Zhongwei Liang, Guilin Wen, and Xuefeng Yuan. "Correction to: Waterjet machining and research developments: a review." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 102, no. 5-8 (March 23, 2019): 1337–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03556-x.

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Liu, H. T. "Waterjet technology for machining fine features pertaining to micromachining." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 12, no. 1 (January 2010): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2010.01.002.

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Hlaváč, Libor M., Massimiliano P. G. Annoni, Irena M. Hlaváčová, Francesco Arleo, Francesco Viganò, and Adam Štefek. "Abrasive Waterjet (AWJ) Forces—Potential Indicators of Machining Quality." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 3309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123309.

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The necessity of monitoring the abrasive waterjet (AWJ) processes increases with the spreading of this tool into the machining processes. The forces produced on the workpiece during the abrasive waterjet machining can yield some valuable information. Therefore, a special waterjet-force measuring device designed and produced in the past has been used for the presented research. It was tested during the AWJ cutting processes, because they are the most common and the best described up-to-date AWJ applications. Deep studies of both the cutting process and the respective force signals led to the decision that the most appropriate indication factor is the tangential-to-normal force ratio (TNR). Three theorems concerning the TNR were formulated and investigated. The first theorem states that the TNR strongly depends on the actual-to-limit traverse speed ratio. The second theorem claims that the TNR relates to the cutting-to-deformation wear ratio inside the kerf. The third theorem states that the TNR value changes when the cutting head and the respective jet axis are tilted so that a part of the jet velocity vector projects into the traverse speed direction. It is assumed that the cutting-to-deformation wear ratio increases in a certain range of tilting angles of the cutting head. This theorem is supported by measured data and can be utilized in practice for the development of a new method for the monitoring of the abrasive waterjet cutting operations. Comparing the tilted and the non-tilted jet, we detected the increase of the TNR average value from 1.28 ± 0.16 (determined for the declination angle 20° and the respective tilting angle 10°) up to 2.02 ± 0.25 (for the declination angle 30° and the respective tilting angle of 15°). This finding supports the previously predicted and published assumptions that the tilting of the cutting head enables an increase of the cutting wear mode inside the forming kerf, making the process more efficient.

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