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Wang, Ai Juan, and Gang Liu. "Causes for the Formation of Waterlogged Land in the Black Soil Region of Northeastern China." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2925.
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Waterlogged land characterized by low productivity impact the productivity of the adjacent land and increase soil erosion. Gangzhongwa, one type of waterlogged lands, is widely distributed in Jiusan cultivated lands in Heilongjiang province China. Observation of soil profiles and measurements of soil physical properties were carried to investigate the factors related to the waterlogged land formation. The results showed Gangzhongwa waterlogged land is formed due to three reasons: firstly, the water table of groundwater is shallow and the soil profile texture varies regularly from clay loam layer, and sandy loam layer to aquitard layer; secondly soil infiltration is significantly correlated with sand content and gravel content; and thirdly the subsurface runoff makes the soil profile saturated where the surface clay loam layer is thin but the sandy layer is thick with larger infiltration rates. This study presents some theoretical insights for the Gangzhongwa waterlogged land conservation plan.
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Kim, Sun Min, DoKyoung Lee, Santanu Thapa, Bruce S. Dien, Mike E. Tumbleson, Kent D. Rausch, and Vijay Singh. "Cellulosic Ethanol Potential of Feedstocks Grown on Marginal Lands." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 6 (2018): 1775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12945.
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Abstract. To examine the chemical composition and ethanol production of feedstocks grown on marginal lands, prairie cordgrass and switchgrass from waterlogged land, saline land, and saline water irrigated land were evaluated. Samples were pretreated using 1% w w-1 dilute acid at 160°C for 10 min, and simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation was conducted using industrial engineered . Samples grown on land irrigated with saline water had 2.8-fold higher total ash content compared to the other types of land, resulting in lower carbohydrate concentrations. Yeast fermented glucose and xylose simultaneously; almost all of the sugars were consumed, indicating that salts present in biomass ash did not inhibit yeast performance. Ethanol production from the waterlogged and saline lands was 2,500 to 4,700 L ha-1, which is comparable to that of samples grown on other agricultural lands. Prairie cordgrass and switchgrass grown on marginal lands could be potential feedstocks for cellulosic biofuel. Keywords: Irrigation, Marginal land, Prairie cordgrass, Saline, Simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation, Switchgrass, Waterlogging.
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van der Moezel, PG, LE Watson, GVN Pearce-Pinto, and DT Bell. "The Response of Six Eucalyptus Species and Casuarina obesa to the Combined Effect of Salinity and Waterlogging." Functional Plant Biology 15, no. 3 (1988): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9880465.
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Seedlings of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. comitae-vallis, E. kondininensis, E. lesouefii, E. platycorys, E. spathulata and Casuarina obesa were grown in a glasshouse under non-saline drained, saline drained, non-saline waterlogged, and saline waterlogged conditions for 3 months. Measurements were taken of seedling height, seedling survival and the concentration of Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl in plant tissues. Production of specialised roots containing aerenchyma in E. camaldulensis and C. obesa enabled these species to tolerate non-saline waterlogged conditions. Saline, but freely drained conditions reduced seedling growth for all species but only E. kondininensis recorded seedling deaths. C. obesa was the species most tolerant of saline waterlogged conditions with no seedling deaths and a lower reduction in growth compared to the Eucalyptus species. Exclusion of Na and Cl, together with the production of specialised roots by C. obesa are suggested as the probable factors relating to the high seedling tolerance in saline waterlogging. The species with highest tolerance to non-saline waterlogging were more tolerant of saline waterlogged conditions. The importance of this result for evaluating trees to be used in the rehabilitation of secondary salinised land in Australia is discussed.
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Akingbola, Oluwawemimo Omowumi, Gabriel Olufemi Dayo-Olagbende, Felix Efeoghene Begusa, Babatunde Sunday Ewulo, and Christopher Oluwakunmi Akinbile. "Assessment of Nutrient Availability in Soil Textural Constituent as Influenced by Land Use." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, no. 8 (September 5, 2022): 1486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i8.1486-1490.4629.
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Investigating the nutrient composition in soil textural constituent as influenced by land use is a necessity towards a good soil conservative and management measure. In view of this, a laboratory experiment was conducted; soil samples were collected from different locations within and outside the Federal University of Technology, Akure and analyzed for basic chemical elements. The soil sampling was based on land use and six different soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-15cm. These samples included bare soil (BS), waterlogged soil (WS), maize cultivated soil (MS), cassava cultivated soil (CS), cassava-maize intercrop (CM), and mixed cropping of cassava, maize and cowpea (MC). The waterlogged soil was cultivated to rice while the bare soil was not cultivated. The soil samples were air-dried and crushed after which fractionation was carried out using a three-layer sieve to separate the soil particles into different size of 2mm to 0.5mm (Sand), 0.5mm-0.05mm (Silt) and
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Mohiuddin, Muhammad, and Md Monirul Islam. "Intensification of waterlogged fallow land through growing water chestnuts in Bangladesh." GeoJournal 85, no. 5 (May 13, 2019): 1191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-019-10013-5.
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Xu, Zhanjun, Yuan Zhang, Jason Yang, Fenwu Liu, Rutian Bi, Hongfen Zhu, Chunjuan Lv, and Jian Yu. "Effect of Underground Coal Mining on the Regional Soil Organic Carbon Pool in Farmland in a Mining Subsidence Area." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 11, 2019): 4961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184961.
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The soil organic carbon (SOC) pool in farmland is changing rapidly due to human activities, thereby greatly affecting the regional and global environment, as well as influencing soil fertility and crop yields. The present study investigated the effects of underground coal mining on the regional SOC pool in farmland in the Jiuli Mining Area of Xuzhou City in China as a typical coal mining region based on field sampling, chemical analysis, model construction, and spatial analysis using the software of ArcGIS. The results showed that in the mining subsidence area, spatial variations in the SOC content and soil bulk density were mainly caused by structural factors (mining subsidence, subsidence waterlogging, and other structural factors due to coal mining) at a regional scale. SOC storage in farmland soil decreased sharply in non-waterlogged subsidence farmland and seasonally waterlogged subsidence farmland in the areas with mining, whereas the SOC storage increased in waterlogged wetland after coal mining. The SOC was reduced by 102,882 tonnes (32.81%) compared with the original SOC stock as a consequence of coal mining, and thus the effect of underground coal mining on the regional SOC pool in farmland was characterized as a carbon loss process. Land-use changes, soil degradation and erosion contributed almost equally to the carbon loss process in the study area. The results of this study may facilitate evaluations of low-carbon land reclamation and ecological compensation in mining areas.
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Bednář, Marek, Bořivoj Šarapatka, Patrik Netopil, Miroslav Zeidler, Tomáš Hanousek, and Lucie Homolová. "The Use of Spectral Indices to Recognize Waterlogged Agricultural Land in South Moravia, Czech Republic." Agriculture 13, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020287.
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The agricultural landscape of the Czech Republic is facing climate change, and drought is among the most severe stress factors. Thousands of small ponds and naturally wet areas have been drained and transformed into agricultural parcels. Their restoration could increase the landscape's resilience to climate change. Therefore, we describe the possibility of using hyperspectral aerial surveying for the identification of waterlogged areas in the agricultural landscape based on the example of one of the warmest and driest regions of the Czech Republic—the South Moravian region, an area where water retention in the landscape is highly relevant. Within our study, a total of 33 spectral indices related to the waterlogging of soil selected from previous studies were evaluated. The maximum entropy model (MAXENT) was used in the analysis of these indices. The analysis, which was carried out in several locations during different periods of the year (spring and autumn), shows the varying applicability of individual groups of indices. Regardless of the season, chlorophyll-based indices (MCARI—31.8, CARI—26.3, TCARI2—24.3 average percentage contribution) made the most significant contribution to the creation of probability maps of the occurrence of waterlogged areas. However, more accurate results could be achieved in the spring period by using the NVI index (40.5 average percentage contribution). The results show that remote sensing could be used for the identification of waterlogged sites, especially for initial identification, which should then be confirmed by field survey. Furthermore, the research points out the role of the LAI and chlorophyll content. According to the NVI, low LAI contributes the most to the probability of occurrence in the spring season, while chlorophyll-based indices prove to be the best, contributing high values, which is rather contradictory but could be resolved only by subsequent field research.
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Patra, S. K. "Soil Moisture and Groundwater Dynamics under Biodrainage Vegetation in a Waterlogged Land." International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 1225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.6052.
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Jha, Sasinath. "Status and Conservation of Lowland Terai Wetlands in Nepal." Our Nature 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v6i1.1657.
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Known as "Simsar" in Nepal, wetlands are those areas which lie between the land and deepwater and remian waterlogged or submerged under water, seasonally or throughout the year. Generally the land is so muddy that one cannot easily walk over it, and water is so deep that one can neither swim nor get drowned. River floodplains, shallow margins of lakes and reservoirs, shallow and seasonal ponds, islands in rivers, deepwater paddy fields, and sea-coasts are typical examples of wetlands.Keywords: Lowland wetland, Nepaldoi: 10.3126/on.v6i1.1657Our Nature (2008)6:67-77
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Švec, O., L. Bílek, J. Remeš, and Z. Vacek. "Analysis of operational approach during forest transformation in Klokočná Range, Central Bohemia." Journal of Forest Science 61, No. 4 (June 3, 2016): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/102/2014-jfs.
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Afforestation of agricultural lands may be in many cases a positive step. Especially, it is a beneficial with waterlogged soils, stony soils or for soils which are for any other reason less fertile and unsuitable for farming. Even too in the agricultural landscape, afforestation can be very important by the breaking of large farm blocks by windbreakers and bio-corridors. The value, quality and fertility of soil can be assessed in different ways. The aim of this study is to determine the criteria for the identification of agricultural land suitable for afforestation. This evaluation process is based on Evaluated Soil Ecological Units (BPEJ) that are publicly available and already processed for all agricultural land. The results are represented by complete list of Evaluated Soil Ecological Units that are suitable for afforestation with stating the reason why they were chosen.
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Vopravil, J., V. Podrázský, M. Batysta, P. Novák, L. Havelková, and M. Hrabalíková. "Identification of agricultural soils suitable for afforestation in the Czech Republic using a soil database." Journal of Forest Science 61, No. 4 (June 3, 2016): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/123/2014-jfs.
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Afforestation of agricultural lands may be a positive action in many cases. Especially, it is a beneficial feature for waterlogged soils, stony soils or for soils which are less fertile for any other reason and thus unsuitable for farming. Afforestation can be a very important action even in the agricultural landscape – afforested belts of agricultural land divide large farm blocks into smaller ones, or act as windbreakers and biological corridors. The value, quality and fertility of soil can be assessed in different ways. The study aims to determine the identification soil criteria of agricultural land which is suitable for afforestation. This evaluation process is based on Evaluated Soil Ecological Units (ESEU), in the Czech Republic known as BPEJ, database which is available for all agricultural land in the Czech Republic. The results are represented by a complete list of ESEU codes suitable for afforestation. The list of codes is supplemented by an explanation why such an ESEU code, representing a soil group with similar properties, is suitable to afforestation.
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Mills, Coralie M., Ian Armit, Kevin J. Edwards, Pamela Grinter, and Ymke Mulder. "Neolithic land-use and environmental degradation: a study from the Western Isles of Scotland." Antiquity 78, no. 302 (December 2004): 886–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00113523.
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Investigation of a partially waterlogged Neolithic site, on an islet in a Scottish Hebridean loch, showed that early strategies of exploitation were already environmentally damaging. Loss of soil fertility through intensive ploughing is well-documented, but stripping the turf can be equally damaging to the environment. Working on the lake settlement of Eilean Domhnuill in North Uist, the authors show that turf was cut for building material and used as fuel and that this practice contributed to a rapid degradation of the land surface through erosion.
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Rahman, Md Naimur, and Sajjad Hossain Shozib. "Seasonal Variability of Waterlogging in Rangpur City Corporation Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques." Geosfera Indonesia 6, no. 2 (August 17, 2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v6i2.21006.
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Waterlogging hazard is a significant environmental issue closely linked to land use for sustainable urbanization. NDWI is widely and effectively used in identifying and visualizing surface water distribution based on satellite imagery. Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI TIRS images of pre and post-monsoon (2002, 2019) have been used. The main objective of this study is to detect the seasonal variation of waterlogging in Rangpur City Corporation (RPCC) in 2002 and 2019. In the present study, we used an integrated procedure by using ArcGIS raster analysis. For pre and post-monsoon, almost 93% accuracy was obtained from image analysis. Results show that in 2002 during the pre and post-monsoon period, waterlogged areas were about 159.58 km2 and 32.32 km2, respectively, wherein in 2019, the changes in waterlogged areas are reversed than 2002. In 2019, during pre-monsoon, waterlogged area areas were 122.79 km2, and during post-monsoon, it increased to 127.05 km2. The research also depicts that the trend of the waterlogging situation largely depends on seasonal rainfall and a flawed drainage system.
Keywords : Seasonal variation; Waterlogging; Remote sensing; GIS; Rangpur City Corporation
Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
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Truong, Minh Hoang, and Dinh Thanh Nguyen. "Characteristics of consolidation settlements and sedimentary environments of the late Pleistocene–Holocene deposits in the Mekong Delta and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 382 (April 22, 2020): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-367-2020.
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Abstract. The report displays the characteristics of sedimentary environments, consolidation and consolidation settlements of the late Pleistocene–Holocene deposits in the Mekong Delta (MD) and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. The report furthermore discusses the influences of sedimentary environments on the consolidation properties and the resulting complex and large consolidation settlements. They cause land subsidence and uneven settlements of foundations in HCMC and the MD. They have especially combined with the unsuitable plans, land use like land fill in the lower land, rivers and ponds in the delta and increase in sea level by the global climatic change. As a result, it is very difficult to improve waterlogged areas in HCMC and the MD by the rain and tide waters. It is also not easy to propose a standard strategy for the management, planning and construction of these areas.
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Suripatty, Batseba A., Erny Poedjirahajoe, Satyawan Pudyatmoko, and Budiadi Budiadi. "PERTUMBUHAN SAGU (Metroxylon sp) DI HUTAN ALAM PAPUA." JURNAL HUTAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jhppk.2016.1.2.151.
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Sago plants (Metroxylon sp) is a type of palm tree that grows around swamps and waterlogged land in the tropics. Sago palms grow on muddy land, with the quantity of water varies greatly, ranging from dry land to land remained logged. The longer the land flooded, the growth of young plants (shoots / seedling) very rapidly, but the growth of the trees are very slow. This study aims to determine the relationship of the growth of sago (Metroxylon sp) with climatic factors (humidity, temperature, light) and biotic (plants or other vegetation). The results showed that the relationship of growth of sago with environmental factors, edaphic (water), climatic (humidity, light) and biotic factors (vegetation) are generally water has an influence on the growth of sago while the humidity factor for all types of places to grow, that is, the area stagnant water, temporary areas and dry areas do not affect the growth of sago.
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Setiapermas, M. N., and S. Minarsih. "Introduction of components of rice varieties technology in waterlogged land in Kendal Central Java." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 724, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/724/1/012113.
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Kumar, Dinesh, Kumod Ranjan Jha, Kanishk Gaur, Gaurav Kumar, and Ojasvi Bhardwaj. "Employment of Waste for Irrigation Purposes." Journal of Advance Research in Business Management and Accounting (ISSN: 2456-3544) 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnbma.v1i1.140.
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This paper deals with Irrigation using treated agricultural or food processing industry as wastewater can allow more intensive use of the land, improve plant vigour and may extend growing seasons. Nutrients in wastewater (as organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) can be balanced to plant growth needs, or natural waters can have had nutrients added. This form of irrigation is called fertigation. Irrigation with chemical addition to vegetation needs an effective environmental management plan (EMP) to prevent harm to the environment. Our aim in this paper is to give ways that ensure that resources are used efficiently, that land is not degraded or waterlogged and that natural waters are protected from salinity, turbidity, nutrient-enrichment, leached trace metals, pesticides and other harmful wastewater contaminants
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Fitzpatrick, R. W., J. W. Cox, B. Munday, and J. F. Bourne. "Development of soil-landscape and vegetation indicators for managing waterlogged and saline catchments." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 3 (2003): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00198.
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The objectives of this study were to develop a systematic approach to identify important soil morphological and vegetation field indicators to better target land management in degraded landscapes in a specific region. The authors were able to link the soil-landscape features to the main soil and water processes operating within the landscape. This information was used to develop a set of field indicators (e.g. soil colour) within a user-friendly soil classification key that is linked to land use options to form the basis of a manual. It was shown that information written in this format helped farmers and regional advisers to identify options for remediation of waterlogged and saline areas and to improve planning at property and catchment scales. The authors identified a series of steps to be taken in producing the manual. Steps 1–5 describe the soil layers and construct them in toposequences, which are then used to map soil types in key surrounding areas. Steps 6–9 involve the local community in developing the manual.The paper provides an account of how manuals have been produced for 2 badly degraded areas in southern Australia (Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia; and western Victoria) and promotes the methodologies for other regions. Descriptive soil information is pictorially integrated along toposequences and applied to identify key soil features. Complex scientific processes and terminology are more simply communicated to local groups using coloured cross-sectional diagrams and photographs of soil and vegetation to overcome some of the perceived barriers to adoption of best management practices. We consider the approach should have generic application.
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Bakker, D. M., G. J. Hamilton, R. Hetherington, and C. Spann. "Productivity of waterlogged and salt-affected land in a Mediterranean climate using bed-furrow systems." Field Crops Research 117, no. 1 (May 2010): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2010.01.009.
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Kumar, Surender, and Ripudaman Singh. "Geospatial Applications in Land Use/Land Cover Change Detection for Sustainable Regional Development: The Case of Central Haryana, India." Geomatics and Environmental Engineering 15, no. 3 (April 27, 2021): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geom.2021.15.3.81.
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Timely and accurate detection of land use/land cover (LULC) change is important for the macro and micro level sustainable development of any region. For this purpose, geospatial techniques are the best tool for change analysis as they supply timely, cheaper, precise and up to date information. This paper examines the spatial temporal change trend in LULC in the case of Central Haryana. Landsat 2, 3, 5, 7 and 8 images for the years 1975–2020 for pre‑ and post‑monsoon periods were analyzed for the study. Radiometric correction was performed to derive better information. ArcGIS 10.2 and ENVI 5.3 are used for thematic layout and thematic change preparation. An unsupervised classification using ERDAS IMAGINE 2015 has also been done to classify study area in eight classes. The year 1975 is considered as the base year for change detection analysis. Results showed an increasing trend for the land use classes of built‑up, water body, and agricultural land without waterlogging in the pre‑ and post‑monsoon periods between 1975 and 2020. Remaining land use classes of agriculture with waterlogging, open waterlogged area, vegetation and fallow land/sand dunes decreased during the same period. Increased human activities have changed the LULC in the region and have had a great impact on its sustainable regional development.
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Dreslerová, Dagmar, and Radek Mikuláš. "An early medieval symbol carved on a tree trunk: pathfinder or territorial marker?" Antiquity 84, no. 326 (November 25, 2010): 1067–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00067089.
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The chance discovery of a carved symbol on a waterlogged tree of the six–ninth century AD may be the earliest mark on a living tree that has so far come to light. Given its rarity, an obvious interpretation remains elusive, but the authors review a wide range of possibilities from analogies ancient and modern. Symbols on trees have been used to mark trails, the ownership of land and resources, and all manner of votive moments from superstitious sign-making, worship of a god, thanks for a successful hunt or the memory of a loving tryst.
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Jehangir, Waqar A., Nazim Ali, Zakir Hussain Rana, and Zulfiqar A. Gill. "Estimating the Production Potential of Major Crops in Pakistan’s Irrigated Agriculture during the 21st Century." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 4II (December 1, 1998): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i4iipp.257-277.
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Land and irrigation are the basic resources in agriculture. The role and importance of these resources and their contribution towards productivity, in the context of the country’s increasing population, can hardly be exaggerated. Pakistani agriculture is set in a very distinctive situation of an increasing population on the one hand and diminishing resources on the other. The population of Pakistan was reported to be 131.63 million in 1996 and is projected to be 207 million in 2013 [Pakistan (1996) and WSIP (1990)]. The agriculture sector has to face the difficult task of doubling the existing food production by the turn of this century. The situation demands horizontal and vertical growth in the productivity, either by bringing more land under cultivation, or by increasing the cropping intensity of the existing land resources. This can also be accomplished by bringing more land under cultivation from the cultivable uncultivated area (a large proportion of which exists on medium and large farms under waterlogged or saline conditions). In this context, it becomes important to identify the nature of the relationship that exists between farm size and unculturable wastelands and the kinds of changes the green revolution/SCARPs projects introduced to this relationship.
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Surabuddin Mondal, M., N. Sharma, M. Kappas, and P. K. Garg. "CA MARKOV MODELING OF LAND USE LAND COVER DYNAMICS AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY SENSITIVE PARAMETER(S)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (June 5, 2019): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-723-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> An attempt has been made to explore, evaluate and identify the sensitive parameter(s) of Cellular Automata Markov chain modeling to monitor and predict the future land use land cover pattern scenario in a part of Brahmaputra River Basin, India. For this purpose, land use land cover maps derived from satellite images of Landsat MSS image of 1987 and Landsat TM image of 1997 were used to predict future land use land cover of 2007 using Cellular Automata Markov model. Sensitivity analysis has been carried out to identify the land use land cover parameter(s), which have the highest, lowest or intermediate influence on predicted results. The validity of the Cellular Automata Markov process for projecting future land use and cover changes in the study area calculates various Kappa Indices of Agreement (Kstandard) which indicate how well the comparison map agrees and disagrees with the reference map (land use land cover map derived from IRS-P6 LISS III image of 2007). The results shows that the land with or without scrub appeared to be most sensitive parameter as it has highest influences on predicted results of land use land cover of 2007. The second most sensitive parameter was lakes / reservoirs / ponds to predict land use land cover of 2007, followed by river, agricultural crop land, plantation, open land, marshy / swampy, sandy area, aquatic vegetation, built up land, dense forest, degraded forest, waterlogged area and agricultural fallow land. The least sensitive parameter is agricultural fallow land, which has minimum influence on predicted results of land use land cover of 2007. The validation of CA Markov land use land cover prediction results shows Kstandard is 0.7928.</p>
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Raju, R., R. S. Tripathi, K. Thimmappa, Parveen Kumar, and Satyendra Kumar. "Impact of Waterlogged Saline Soil Reclamation on Land Productivity and Farm Income — An Economic Study from Haryana." Agricultural Economics Research Review 28, conf (2015): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0279.2015.00032.4.
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Shapovalov, D. A., P. V. Koroleva, N. V. Kalinina, D. I. Rukhovich, G. A. Suleiman, and E. A. Dolinina. "Differences in Inventories of Waterlogged Territories in Soil Surveys of Different Years and in Land Management Documents." Eurasian Soil Science 53, no. 3 (March 2020): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064229320010147.
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Őrsi, Anna. "Quantifying the geodiversity of a study area in the Great Hungarian Plain." Journal of Environmental Geography 4, no. 1-4 (January 3, 2011): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/jengeo-2011-43792.
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Geodiversity is understood as the diversity of the abiotic nature. It expresses the variety of stones, minerals, fossils, places, landforms, processes, soils and elements of hydrology. As geodiversity assessment is a rather new research area, the number of publications concerning geodiversity is growing fast. In this paper we quantified the geodiversity of a study area located at the Danube-Tisza Interfluve in the Great Hungarian Plain using the method worked out by Hjort and Luoto (2010). We wanted to know how the diversity varies in space at low-land areas applying different indexes. Geodiversity was represented by three different indexes. Total geodiversity was calculated by summariz-ing the geologic features, the landforms and the elements of hydrology found in each unit. Then we grouped the landforms by the (exogenic) processes which formed them, and the number of these processes gave the value of the geomorphologic process diversity. Finally we calculat-ed the geodiversity index by Serrano-Canadas and Ruiz-Flano (2007). The absolutely homogenous units (totally waterlogged areas and the flat sand sheets) have the lowest geodiversity. It is higher at the border of the sandy, peaty and waterlogged areas. At this lowland area there is no relationship between the geodiversity and the relief. This is the first work applying this method in Hungary, so the results are yet not com-parable.
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Kerimov, Abdul-Gapur, Anna Saltanova, Levon Mkrtchyan, Olga Zelivyanskaya, and Elizaveta Kerimova. "Methods of engineering geophysics in the control of the reclamation state of agricultural land." E3S Web of Conferences 326 (2021): 00013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132600013.
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The article provides information about the possibility of monitoring the reclamation situation of agricultural land by studying the soil-lithological profile by means of electrometric methods. The essence of the applied resistance method is the study of the soil layer using constant or variable electric fields. For engineering geophysical works in sand-clay sections typical of the Stavropol Territory, various variants of research technologies are presented. The conducted studies have shown the effectiveness of the electrometric method of vertical electrical sounding, which allows, based on surface observations with a minimum amount of control drilling and analytical work, to obtain operational information about changes in the area and depth of such an important parameter for assessing the reclamation state of soils as their specific electrical resistance, depending on humidity and salinity. The VEZ method, in addition to the available information about waterlogged and saline wetlands observed on the earth’s surface by traditional methods, allows us to obtain information about hidden unfavorable zones: about changes in their configuration in area and depth.
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Bell, David T. "Australian Trees for the Rehabilitation of Waterlogged and Salinity-damaged Landscapes." Australian Journal of Botany 47, no. 5 (1999): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt96110.
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The revegetation of damaged agricultural landscapes requires a detailed knowledge of appropriate species and their adaptations to cope with the stresses of environments altered by humans. A range of Australian species has a role in the restoration of water and salt balances of catchments and can provide income diversity to agricultural properties damaged by increased frequencies of flooding, rising groundwaters and increased salinities. This review concentrates on the ecologically significant attributes of Australian woody species in waterlogged and saline habitats, and responses of species particularly suited to the restoration of water balance in cleared catchments. Australian catchments yield little water under natural vegetation, the trees and shrubs being especially resourceful in utilising much of the annual rainfall input. Replacing native, deep-rooted perennial species with annual crops always results in a net gain in catchment water. To redress these problems, cleared landscapes must be partially restored to tree and shrub cover to utilise the excess water remaining when crops are harvested or lie dormant over summer. Upland regions of restored landscapes should be planted to tree crops, particularly those that are luxuriant water users, of commercial value to farmers. Tree plantations for paper pulp, soft-wood timber and eucalypt oils are possibilities. Lowland sites in damaged catchments must be revegetated with trees which have waterlogging adaptations, such as aerenchyma, and tolerance to the products of anaerobic respiration. Areas of waterlogging that are additionally affected by excess salts must have exceptional trees. Australia has a number of native species which are well suited to survive these conditions, produce biomass and utilise excess water, while restricting or coping with the uptake of over-abundant salts. Most tolerant Australian species have a range of anatomical, morphological and physiological attributes to contribute to these adaptive qualities. This review highlights some of these features and describes various combinations that are successful. Australia now has a range of genotypes to bring to bear in the battle to rehabilitate landscapes damaged by disruption of the soil–salt–water balance. Only by redressing these problems can we ensure that future generations will have land capable of retaining economic value and producing potable water.
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Icka, Pirro, Robert Damo, and Engjëllushe Icka. "Reed Biomass, a Possibility of Cultivation and Protection of “Wetland” in Korça Field in Albania." Annals ”Valahia” University of Targoviste - Agriculture 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agr-2017-0001.
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Abstract The human society since early times has utilized the fire as a mean to accomplish its own needs and fuel providing has always been its main concern. In the framework of the environmental and forestry protection increasingly is required the retrievable and sustainable alternative energy. The utilization of reed biomass is an alternative of the retrievable biomass. The world is using since many years the reed biomass as fuel source. Whereas in Albania the utilization of the reed biomass has been observes only in the framework of projects in protected areas. Our proposal to plant 500 ha peaty soil, recently an abandoned agricultural land which is waterlogged for a long period of the year, is seen as a possibility for the re-cultivation of abandoned lands, to produce the renewable biomass. By assessment results that from this surface to provide at least 5000 ton reed biomass or about 86500 GJ energy. This energy is a considerable source of energy and a way to reduce the deforestation, at least to the region in this study.
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Meddings, R. L. A., J. A. McComb, and D. T. Bell. "The salt-waterlogging tolerance of Eucalyptus camaldulensis x E. globulus hybrids." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 6 (2001): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00104.
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The salt–waterlogging tolerance of Eucalyptus camaldulensis × E. globulus hybrids was compared with parental clones of E. camaldulensis, open-pollinated seedlings of E. globulus and Eucalyptus camaldulensis × E. camaldulensis seedlings in a glasshouse trial. Seven-month-old plants were waterlogged for 10 weeks with a saline solution of increasing concentration to 350 mmol NaCl/L. Eucalyptus camaldulensis had higher tolerance to salt–waterlogging than E. globulus as assessed by survival and height growth rate. The performance of the hybrid families was intermediate between the 2 parental species as was the performance of progeny from crosses between salt tolerant E. camaldulensis parents. Within families some hybrid individuals performed as well as the E. camaldulensis parents. The most tolerant plants have been micropropagated for further experiments and field trials on saline agricultural land.
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Belozertseva, I. A., and N. D. Dubrovskii. "Ecological problems of land use and soil pollution of natural, arable and fallow lands of the Selenga river delta." Geology and Environment 2, no. 3 (2022): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2541-9641.2022.3.103.
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In the summer of 2017–2018 we researched the landscape-geochemical and socio-geographical aspects in the delta of the Selenga river (southeast coast of Lake Baikal). The structure of land use is dominated by hayfields and pastures. The study area is important for the development of meat and dairy farming in Buryatia. The cultivated crops here are cereals, legumes, cold-resistant silage crops, potatoes and other vegetables. In the Selenga river delta various types of soils have been formed: fluvisols, folic-podburs, and gray metamorphic and folic-gray soils. The fertile soils of the high floodplain with chernozems and phaeozems are used for arable land. The agricultural land of terraces with gray and folic-gray soils is used for pasture. The soils of the low floodplain of waterlogged meadows are included in agricultural circulation. We revealed that the soils of most agricultural lands have a satisfactory agronomic quality. The upper horizons of gray soils under the forest and chernozems under the steppe have high humus concentrations in their natural state. In constantly used agricultural soils humus content is reduced. In fallow lands, its concentrations are restored. The water pH level of soils is mostly neutral. It is revealed that the soils of the Selenga delta are mainly light soils. It was revealed that gray soils after forest clearing and using them for arable land, quickly degrade and lose their fertility. Soils of the steppes show good resistance to agricultural use. Soil deposits and arable land, previously located under forest, are infertile and require introduction of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Soils recently introduced for agricultural use require phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Chernozems and gray soil of natural landscapes, as well as anthrosols, previously located under steppe, are in good and satisfactory agronomic condition. Near the settlement of Kabansk we established high concentrations of some heavy metals in alluvial soils, exceeding the MPC. An increased content of oil products, phosphates, fluorides and heavy metals in the waters of the Selenga river was revealed. The coastal waters of Lake Baikal at the mouth of the Selenga river still meet sanitary and hygienic requirements. Alluvial soils of the Selenga river delta acts as a geochemical barrier to the migration of pollutants into Lake Baikal.
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Xu, Panpan, Nandin-Erdene Tsendbazar, Martin Herold, and Jan G. P. W. Clevers. "Assessing a Prototype Database for Comprehensive Global Aquatic Land Cover Mapping." Remote Sensing 13, no. 19 (October 7, 2021): 4012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13194012.
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The monitoring of Global Aquatic Land Cover (GALC) plays an essential role in protecting and restoring water-related ecosystems. Although many GALC datasets have been created before, a uniform and comprehensive GALC dataset is lacking to meet multiple user needs. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of using existing global datasets to develop a comprehensive and user-oriented GALC database and identify the gaps of current datasets in GALC mapping. Eight global datasets were reframed to construct a three-level (i.e., from general to detailed) prototype database for 2015, conforming with the United Nations Land Cover Classification System (LCCS)-based GALC characterization framework. An independent validation was done, and the overall results show some limitations of current datasets in comprehensive GALC mapping. The Level-1 map had considerable commission errors in delineating the general GALC distribution. The Level-2 maps were good at characterizing permanently flooded areas and natural aquatic types, while accuracies were poor in the mapping of temporarily flooded and waterlogged areas as well as artificial aquatic types; vegetated aquatic areas were also underestimated. The Level-3 maps were not sufficient in characterizing the detailed life form types (e.g., trees, shrubs) for aquatic land cover. However, the prototype GALC database is flexible to derive user-specific maps and has important values to aquatic ecosystem management. With the evolving earth observation opportunities, limitations in the current GALC characterization can be addressed in the future.
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YUAN, Peng-li, Jin-ping WANG, Can GUO, Zi-yuan GUO, Yao GUO, and Cou-gui CAO. "Sustainability of the rice–crayfish farming model in waterlogged land: A case study in Qianjiang County, Hubei Province, China." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 21, no. 4 (April 2022): 1203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(21)63787-5.
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Pais, Isabel P., Rita Moreira, José N. Semedo, José C. Ramalho, Fernando C. Lidon, José Coutinho, Benvindo Maçãs, and Paula Scotti-Campos. "Wheat Crop under Waterlogging: Potential Soil and Plant Effects." Plants 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12010149.
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Inundation, excessive precipitation, or inadequate field drainage can cause waterlogging of cultivated land. It is anticipated that climate change will increase the frequency, intensity, and unpredictability of flooding events. This stress affects 10–15 million hectares of wheat every year, resulting in 20–50% yield losses. Since this crop greatly sustains a population’s food demands, providing ca. 20% of the world’s energy and protein diets requirements, it is crucial to understand changes in soil and plant physiology under excess water conditions. Variations in redox potential, pH, nutrient availability, and electrical conductivity of waterlogged soil will be addressed, as well as their impacts in major plant responses, such as root system and plant development. Waterlogging effects at the leaf level will also be addressed, with a particular focus on gas exchanges, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, membrane integrity, lipids, and oxidative stress.
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Kamma, W. A., D. A. Rampisela, and B. Rasyid. "Identification of sago land and its potential for development in the Coastal Area of North Luwu Regency." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 886, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/886/1/012042.
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Abstract Indonesia is the largest sago producer in the world. The existence of sago as a source of food in Indonesia does not show an increased area of plant growing, instead, it tends to shrink from year to year. Only areas along the coast did not have significant land-use change due to limited soil characteristics for the cultivation of other types of plants, namely soil characteristics that are often waterlogged for months. The coastal area of North Luwu Regency is the area with the largest sago planting area in South Sulawesi. This makes sago a potential plant to be developed in the coastal area of North Luwu. This research aims to produce data on the characteristics of sago land and its development potential in the coastal area of the North Luwu Regency. The method was carried out in the form of collecting the list of coastal villages in North Luwu from Badan Pusat Statistik data and image data, then conducting field verification, analyzing the physical and chemical properties of soil and water, and conducting interviews to determine the potential for sago development based on the production of sago plants. The results of this research indicate that the land characteristics in the coastal area of North Luwu are very suitable for sago plants because they represented a high yield of wet sago starch production which reaches more than 250 kg/tree. It can be concluded that the characteristics of sago land in the coastal area of North Luwu Regency are very suitable for sago plants because they can grow and produce very well.
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Solodkov, N. N., and O. M. Molchanov. "MONITORING OF THE OVERGROWING OF UNUSED AGRICULTURAL LAND BASED ON GIS TECHNOLOGY." VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY 54, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2019-52-4-48-54.
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The problem of overgrowing of fertile lands of the forest-steppe zone requires a scientific solution. In this regard, the article presents the use of technologies of geographic information systems in conjunction with field research to monitor the overgrowth of unused agricultural land. Two plots of agricultural land of Penza region with areas overgrown with weeds, young overgrown with woody vegetation and shrubs were selected. Space decoding was carried out based on the data of GPS coordinates, photos and satellite images of Landsat-8 in the spectrum of Near Infrared, Shortwave infrared, Blu. Methodological framework made recommendations for classification of Portland University. The area of distribution for 2013–2018 is defined, its speed which makes 2–3 hectares/year is calculated. Amendments to the interpretation of satellite images taking into account regional features are proposed. The Botanical composition of the undergrowth is presented, the type of soil (chernozems clay-illuvial and dark gray medium) and Geology is determined. Overgrowth, as a rule, is determined by the spread of Betula pendula R. and Pinus silvestris L. the Use of topographic index of waterlogging allowed to establish regularities of the composition of vegetation to local places of excess and lack of moisture. Thus, Alnus glutinosa L. and Salix caprea L. are found in waterlogged areas, elevated areas with pronounced aridity are occupied by Pinus silvestris L. and Picea abies L. In the conditions of weakening of anthropogenic factor dark gray medium-soils on sandy rocks of Cretaceous and Paleogene age are subject to water erosion and deflation. The interrelation between the development of processes of overgrowth and climate warming, when winters are warm and snowy, and summers are cool and humid, is shown.
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Lu, Zedong, Rui Du, Pengrui Du, Saisai Qin, Zongmin Liang, Ziming Li, Yaling Wang, and Yanfen Wang. "Influences of Land Use/Cover Types on Nitrous Oxide Emissions during Freeze-Thaw Periods from Waterlogged Soils in Inner Mongolia." PLOS ONE 10, no. 9 (September 25, 2015): e0139316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139316.
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Bakker, D. M., G. J. Hamilton, R. Hetherington, and C. Spann. "Salinity dynamics and the potential for improvement of waterlogged and saline land in a Mediterranean climate using permanent raised beds." Soil and Tillage Research 110, no. 1 (September 2010): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.06.004.
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Supuka, Ján, and Karol Šinka. "Land use changes and development of the non-forest woody vegetation in the Danubian Lowland in Slovakia." Central European Forestry Journal 64, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2017-0029.
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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to assess the changes in the landscape structure of the Žitný Ostrov territory and in the woody species of the non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV) over the past 120 years. Within the assessed periods of 1892, 1949, 1969 and 2015, the shares of arable land increased by 17% while the ratio of the built-up areas with gardens increased by 3.7%. At the same time, natural habitats, grassland, waterlogged meadows and wetlands decreased by 26%. These changes, concerning small mosaic plots as well as large cultural blocks, were caused by the intensification of agriculture after 1948. Ecological stability and biodiversity of these areas has decreased. Thereafter 60 windbreaks were planted from 1951–1952 in an area of 30 ha. In total, 37 woody species were planted, of which 22 were alien species. After 25 years (in 1976), 19 of the same windbreaks were surveyed, observing 16 native and 12 alien woody species. During these periods, many rare alien and coniferous species died. In 2015, 13 windbreaks with 39 woody species were identified, both in the tree and the shrubby layer. The downside is that four of the long-time surviving species are invasive trees.
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Hodgson, D. R., G. M. Whiteley, and Anna E. Bradnam. "Effects of waterlogging in the spring on soil conditions and the growth and yield of spring barley in three cultivation systems." Journal of Agricultural Science 112, no. 2 (April 1989): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600085166.
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SummaryExperiments were carried out in 1985 and 1986 on a sandy clay–loam to investigate the effects of above average rainfall in May and early June on the growth of the spring barley cv. Klaxon in three systems of cultivation. The cultivation treatments, ploughing (P), shallow-tine cultivation (S) and direct drilling (D), had been repeated on the same plots and cropped with spring barley each year since 1971.A total of 112 mm water was applied to the waterlogged subplots in 1985 and 168 mm in 1986.Compared with plots receiving the normal seasonal rainfall, extra water had no effect on shoot or grain yield in 1985 (mean grain yield 6·38 t/ha) and there were no significant differences between cultivation systems. In 1986, in contrast, water, in excess of normal rainfall, depressed both shoot growth and grain yield (mean grain yields 4·49 and 4·07 t/ha for the normal rainfall and the additional water treatments, respectively), the effect being greater on P than on either S or D.In both years, saturation was achieved in the topsoil for a prolonged period during May and early June in the waterlogged subplots. In 1985 this was associated with a period of low oxygen flux and low redox potential, but this did nothave a significant effect on root or shoot growth. In 1986 there was no comparable period of reduced aeration, nor any significant differences in oxygen flux or redox potentials between water and cultivation treatments. In 1986, reduced growth and yield were directly associated with a mean reduction in N recovery by shoots of 36 kg N/ha, the effect being greatest on the ploughed plots where water was added. The results do not support the hypothesis that waterlogging per seaffects the growth of barley more on ploughed than on direct-drilled land.
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Wahyudi, W. "Comparing conventional peat swamp versus mound peat swamp on the growth of Pantung (Dyera lowii) plants in peat swamp land." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012004.
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Abstract Pantung (Dyera lowii) is one of the indigenous commercial species in Kalimantan which has good adaptability to peat swampland so that it can be used as a rehabilitation plant in degraded peat swampland. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mounds on the growth of diameter and height of pantung planted in peat swampland. The study using a completely randomized design with the variables of diameter (dbh) and height of pantung trees at the age of 10 years. Sampling was carried out randomly on 100 plants, each on a plant planted on conventional peat swampland (L1) and on peat swampland that had been made into mounds (L2). The results showed that at the age of 10 years, the growth of pantung plants grown using mounds was significantly better than without mounds, with a diameter of 25.1 cm and 15.32 cm respectively and height of 11.5 m and 9.44 m respectively. Land that is processed using the mounding technique has good aeration and plant care can be carried out more effectively and efficiently. Its higher location causes the plants not to be waterlogged for a long time, even during the rainy season.
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TATARINTSEV, Leonid, Oleg MERZLYAKOV, Tulegen KARBOZOV, and Fariza KOSHZHANOVA. "Agro-ecological typology of agricultural land use in the arid steppe of the Altai Krai." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 440–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2022-14-3-440-452.
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Introduction. Issues related to increasing the sustainability of agricultural land in the Altai Krai are very relevant, modern and practically significant, since about 90 % of the territory is more or less subject to degradation processes. They reduce soil fertility and, as a result, the productivity of agricultural land, which is largely due to the landscape specificity of the territory. The solution to the problem is possible on the basis of adaptive landscape land management, which is the basis for organizing sustainable agricultural land use. When designing agricultural landscapes, on the one hand, we take into account and preserve the natural properties of the territory, and on the other hand, we limit the anthropogenic impact on it. By designing sustainable, capable of self-regulation and self-reproduction of agricultural landscapes, it is possible to optimize agricultural land use. The purpose of the study: to conduct an agro-ecological typology of agricultural lands (agro-landscapes) of the arid steppe of the Altai Krai to optimize the existing agricultural land use and increase its sustainability. Research methods. System analysis has become the main scientific method for analyzing the relationships and mutual influences within landscapes. When studying and comparing the physical and geographical characteristics of the territory, comparative geographical and ecological landscape methods were used using the cartographic method and GIS technologies. Research results. The allocation of agro-ecological groups of lands is based on the leading agro-ecological factors (moisture supply, erosion, waterlogging, periodic flooding, salinization, alkalinity), the degree of their manifestation and related limiting factors. As a zonal agro-ecological group, we identified upland lands, which occupy 22 % of the study area. Slope (or erosional) lands in the arid steppe occupy a significant proportion (59 % of the area) and are located on slopes with a steepness of up to 3°, in some places 5°. Taking into account the wide spatial development of deflation processes (44 % of the subzone area), the authors of the work singled out a special agroecological group of lands – deflationary lands in the composition of eroded lands. The deflationary lands were divided into three agro-ecological groups: weakly, medium and strongly deflated lands. Insignificant territories (less than 1% of the subzone area) are combined into a group of waterlogged lands, which differ in the degree of hydromorphism and have a common feature – ecological waterlogging, which makes it difficult or excludes the possibility of cultivating crops. The territories in the soil cover of which solonets occupy more than 10 % of the area are combined into a group of solonetz lands, which occupy slightly more than 4 % of the area of the zone. The group of solonetzic lands is divided into two parts – solonetzic-automorphic and solonetzic-hydromorphic. Also, a group of lands of the ravine-beam complex was identified, which are limited, since the depth of the dissection of the territory does not exceed 10 m, and the density is insignificant or weak (1-2,5 km and more than 2,5 km). In nine municipal districts that are part of the arid steppe, the identified types of land are found in different proportions. For the sustainable development of agricultural land use, its optimization is necessary, associated with a reduction in the area of agricultural land by 14,5 thousand hectares with fluctuations in districts from 0,7 (Suetsky district) to 2.3 thousand hectares (in Blagoveshchensky and Rubtsovsky districts) and an increase in the area of industrial land (by 12,4 thousand hectares) due to the allocation of protected zones along railways and roads, green protective zones around settlements, as well as shelterbelt forest belts. Conclusions 1. An agro-ecological typology of agricultural lands in the arid steppe of the Altai Krai was produced; 2. It has been established that the main limiting factors affecting the productivity of agricultural land are the degree of deflation, relief, the presence and density of hydrographic objects, the degree of waterlogging and salinity, which significantly affect landscapes under different management conditions; 3. For the municipal districts of the arid steppe, the change in the ratio of lands was calculated, taking into account limiting factors, as well as the stability of agricultural landscapes as a result of the transformation of the structure of sown areas, lands, and crop rotations; 4. The obtained research results can be used by regional and municipal authorities in long-term planning and management of land resources, their economic assessment, and collection of fiscal payments, as well as agricultural producers in the organization and optimization of agricultural landscapes.
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Hossain, Akbar, and Rajan Bhatt. "Intervention of Climate Smart Technologies for Improving Water Productivity in an Enormous Water Use Rice-Wheat System of South-Asia." International Letters of Natural Sciences 75 (May 2019): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.75.27.
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I Intensively practices rice-wheat (R-W) cropping system (RWCS) in South-Asia is suffering from many sustainability issues such as micronutrient deficiencies, labour scarcity, production cost, declining land, declining groundwater level and water productivity along with declining soil health. Climate change further complex the things in one or other way. Therefore, the intervention of climate smart technologies are urgent for improving water productivity in an enormous water use RWCS of South-Asia. Although, farmers are confused regarding picking of suitable climate smart technology (CST) viz., laser land leveling, un-puddled direct-seeded rice (UPDSR), soil matric potential based irrigation, double zero tillage in wheat followed by rice, raised bed planting, short duration cultivars and correct transplantation time, for enhancing their livelihoods through increasing land and water productivity on one side and mitigating global warming consequences on other. Performance of these technologies is both site and situation specific, and care must be taken in practicing them. Most of them cutting down the drainage losses, which further reduces recharging of soil profile which is not required in water stressed regions while these might be termed as energy-saving technologies; otherwise used to withdraw water from the deeper soil depths. These CST are also useful for waterlogged regions. However, CST viz. correct transplantation time and short duration cultivars partition higher fraction of ET water (evapotranspiration) from E (evaporation) to T (transpiration) component which further favour higher grain yields and thus, higher water productivity. Therefore, it is crucial for the introduction of CST for improving agricultural and water productivity in the era of climate change in an enormous water use RWCS of South-Asia.
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Hossain, Akbar, and Rajan Bhatt. "Intervention of Climate Smart Technologies for Improving Water Productivity in an Enormous Water Use Rice-Wheat System of South-Asia." International Letters of Natural Sciences 75 (May 7, 2019): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-4fmh8x.
Full textAbstract:
I Intensively practices rice-wheat (R-W) cropping system (RWCS) in South-Asia is suffering from many sustainability issues such as micronutrient deficiencies, labour scarcity, production cost, declining land, declining groundwater level and water productivity along with declining soil health. Climate change further complex the things in one or other way. Therefore, the intervention of climate smart technologies are urgent for improving water productivity in an enormous water use RWCS of South-Asia. Although, farmers are confused regarding picking of suitable climate smart technology (CST) viz., laser land leveling, un-puddled direct-seeded rice (UPDSR), soil matric potential based irrigation, double zero tillage in wheat followed by rice, raised bed planting, short duration cultivars and correct transplantation time, for enhancing their livelihoods through increasing land and water productivity on one side and mitigating global warming consequences on other. Performance of these technologies is both site and situation specific, and care must be taken in practicing them. Most of them cutting down the drainage losses, which further reduces recharging of soil profile which is not required in water stressed regions while these might be termed as energy-saving technologies; otherwise used to withdraw water from the deeper soil depths. These CST are also useful for waterlogged regions. However, CST viz. correct transplantation time and short duration cultivars partition higher fraction of ET water (evapotranspiration) from E (evaporation) to T (transpiration) component which further favour higher grain yields and thus, higher water productivity. Therefore, it is crucial for the introduction of CST for improving agricultural and water productivity in the era of climate change in an enormous water use RWCS of South-Asia.
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Ivanov, Plamen, Rosen Nankin, and Miroslav Krastanov. "Cliff erosion – mapping, causes and effects in the coastal zone near Cape Kaliakra (northern Bulgarian Black Sea)." Geologica Balcanica 48, no. 3 (April 2019): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.48.3.35.
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The study covers the coastal slope in the Zelenka locality (northern Bulgarian Black Sea coast). This is a beautiful but also dangerous area due to constant sloping and falling of huge blocks of land on the shore. The slope is composed of Miocene sediments: diatomaceous clays (Euxinograd Formation), unconsolidated aragonite sediments with limestone interbeds (Topola Formation), and a steep limestone rock crown (Karvuna Formation). An assessment of the material eroded from the slope, composed of aragonite sediments of the Topola Formation, for the period from October 2018 to March 2019 was made. The quantities of this material were measured and laboratory tests were carried out on the aragonite sediments. The grain size and plasticity (classification characteristics) of the soil were determined. The surface of the slope is waterlogged (or wet), as water flows down the slope of the contact formed between the Topola and Karvuna formations. The geotechnical studies and mapping of the coastal slope revealed that the erosion processes can affect not only the slope stability, but also of the road integrity, and therefore may pose a real geological risk.
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Duppa M.T, Ir Hakim. "SURFACE FLOW REDUCTION AT APUDDLE AREA BY POROUS RECHARGE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 11, no. 3 (August 30, 2016): 2910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v11i3.5119.
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Waterlogging occurs when rain is rain water that gathered  accumulation  exceeded the rainage capacity of the river and it is  causedndue to the absence of absorption infiltration into the soil this the study aimed to assess the basic characteristics of the land area of inundation, (material volcanic rocks, and chunk) and infiltration capacity this research method is the study of soil mechanics laboratory experiments using soil samples from 2 nundation areas, areas not graceful and the samples of porous material and chunks of mountain rock (sand, cement, bricks) the result showed that the characteristics of waterlogged soil including silt soils kelempungan category and has a value of permeability 0.0002099 cm/sec, permeability volcanic rocks 0.04505 cm/s, permeability blocks (sand, cement, bricks) 0.02955 cm/sec. This suggests that the volcanic rocks have large permeability values that can be just passed substantial drainage. From the analysis carried out shows the reduction of surface water to echarge the mountain rock so big that can reduce surface runoff and can also recharge ground waterreserves.
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El Bastawesy, M., R. Ramadan Ali, A. Faid, and M. El Osta. "Assessment of waterlogging in agricultural megaprojects in the closed drainage basins of the Western Desert of Egypt." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 4 (April 18, 2013): 1493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1493-2013.
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Abstract. This paper investigates the development of waterlogging in the cultivated and arable areas within typical dryland closed drainage basins (e.g. the Farafra and Baharia Oases), which are located in the Western Desert of Egypt. Multi-temporal remote sensing data of the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) were collected and processed to detect the land cover changes; cultivations, and the extent of water ponds and seepage channels. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) has been processed to delineate the catchment morphometrical parameters (i.e. drainage networks, catchment divides and surface areas of different basins) and to examine the spatial distribution of cultivated fields and their relation to the extracted drainage networks. The soil of these closed drainage basins is mainly shallow and lithic with high calcium carbonate content; therefore, the downward percolation of excess irrigation water is limited by the development of subsurface hardpan, which also saturates the upper layer of soil with water. The subsurface seepage from the newly cultivated areas in the Farafra Oasis has revealed the pattern of buried alluvial channels, which are waterlogged and outlined by the growth of diagnostic saline shrubs. Furthermore, the courses of these waterlogged channels are coinciding with their counterparts of the SRTM DEM, and the recent satellite images show that the surface playas in the downstream of these channels are partially occupied by water ponds. On the other hand, a large water pond has occupied the main playa and submerged the surrounding fields, as a large area has been cultivated within a relatively small closed drainage basin in the Baharia Oasis. The geomorphology of closed drainage basins has to be considered when planning for a new cultivation in dryland catchments to better control waterlogging hazards. The "dry-drainage" concept can be implemented as the drainage and seepage water can be conveyed through the inactive alluvial channels into certain abandoned playas for evaporation.
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Abril, Gwenaël, and Alberto V. Borges. "Ideas and perspectives: Carbon leaks from flooded land: do we need to replumb the inland water active pipe?" Biogeosciences 16, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 769–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-769-2019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. At the global scale, inland waters are a significant source of atmospheric carbon (C), particularly in the tropics. The active pipe concept predicts that C emissions from streams, lakes and rivers are largely fuelled by terrestrial ecosystems. The traditionally recognized C transfer mechanisms from terrestrial to aquatic systems are surface runoff and groundwater drainage. We present here a series of arguments that support the idea that land flooding is an additional significant process that fuels inland waters with C at the global scale. Whether the majority of CO2 emitted by rivers comes from floodable land (approximately 10 % of the continents) or from well-drained land is a fundamental question that impacts our capacity to predict how these C fluxes might change in the future. Using classical concepts in ecology, we propose, as a necessary step forward, an update of the active pipe concept that differentiates floodable land from drained land. Contrarily to well-drained land, many wetlands (in particular riparian and littoral wetlands) combine strong hydrological connectivity with inland waters, high productivity assimilating CO2 from the atmosphere, direct transfer of litter and exudation products to water and waterlogged soils, a generally dominant allocation of ecosystem respiration (ER) below the water surface and a slow gas-exchange rate at the water–air interface. These properties force plants to pump atmospheric C to wetland waters and, when hydrology is favourable, to inland waters as organic C and dissolved CO2. This wetland CO2 pump may contribute disproportionately to CO2 emissions from inland waters, particularly in the tropics where 80 % of the global CO2 emissions to the atmosphere occur. In future studies, more care must be taken in the way that vertical and horizontal C fluxes are conceptualized along watersheds, and 2-D models that adequately account for the hydrological export of all C species are necessary. In flooded ecosystems, significant effort should be dedicated to quantifying the components of primary production and respiration by the submerged and emerged part of the ecosystem community and to using these metabolic rates in coupled hydrological–biogeochemical models. The construction of a global typology of wetlands that includes productivity, gas fluxes and hydrological connectivity with inland waters also appears necessary to adequately integrate continental C fluxes at the global scale.
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Kaur, Amanpreet, and Rajesh Monga. "Eucalyptus Trees Plantation: A Review on Suitability and their Beneficial Role." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 12, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 016–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2021.2174.
Full textAbstract:
Eucalyptus is fastest growing species popularly known as gum tree, red iron tree, safeda and belonging to the family Myrtaceae. E. tereticornis and E. grandis are important commercial species with a clean straight bole and compact crown. Large scale plantations have been raised on forest and farm lands, community lands, field boundaries and road/rail/canal strips in India. It is most suitable species for degraded land, waterlogged areas, problematic soils etc. Although, it is a controversial tree because of high water consumption, nutrient depletion, allopathic effects etc., it is also source of pulp, paper, essential oil, timber, medicinal use, etc. Moreover it also provides ecological, socioeconomic and industrial services. Improvement in physical and chemical properties of on Sodic wastelands, heavy metal accumulation in different tissues of in mined soil; carbon sequestration potential, etc. were reported in studies. On unit basis of dry biomass produced, it consumes very little water compared to other trees. If bark of the tree is left on site, the balance of nutrients remaining is (80-88%) of inputs for N, P, K, Ca and Mg which lasts for several years without considering the original nutrients that are still present in soil. In the face of growing economy and increased demand for wood products, it remains to be the desired species that grows fast and produce wood to meet the demand of wood for fuel, construction and furniture materials. Relieving wood product scarcity, landscape re-greening, contribution to poverty reduction, biodiversity restoration and conservation are valuable contribution in forest sector.
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Masilamani, P., K. Arulmozhiselvan, and A. Alagesan. "Prospects of biodrainage to mitigate problems of waterlogging and soil salinity in context of India - A review." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 12, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.vi.2285.
Full textAbstract:
Major parts of agricultural lands in arid and semi-arid regions of India are affected by soil salinity and waterlogging in canal command area and outside. Waterlogging is caused by a rising water table and poor drainage conditions. Stress due to waterlogging and salinity are serious to plants in all stages from seed germination to active growth and maturity. Unmanaged affected agricultural lands turn into low productive marshlands in the long run. Physical provision of surface or sub-surface drainage structures can rescue in such a situation. Yet, high skill and investment are required in the installation and maintenance of such structures. Alternatively, biodrainage method has been evolved as an effective method recently world over. In biodrainage, plants are raised over a larger area, which can transpire and remove an enormous amount of water from the soil. Plants having adequate adaptive traits and tolerance mechanisms are desirable to mitigate waterlogging and salinity. Biodrainage is suitable in rainfed and irrigated conditions. Planting of right plant species in optimum population and geometry decides the efficiency of biodrainage. Further, combining biodrainage with the conventional drainage can improve land and water productivity. Eucalyptus is the most suitable tree species for biodrainage as it has well performed in versatile environments. It possesses appreciable tolerance to salinity, sodicity and waterlogged conditions of the soil. Fast-growing with a straight trunk, deep rooting ability, low shading effect and high transpiration capacity are promising characteristics of this tree. Prominent woody species like Acacia nilotica, Dalbergia sissoo, Hardwickia binata can also be grown for high profit.