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Journal articles on the topic 'Watershed management – South Africa – Eastern Cape'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Miller, J. R., G. Mackin, P. Lechler, M. Lord, and S. Lorentz. "Influence of basin connectivity on sediment source, transport, and storage within the Mkabela Basin, South Africa." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 2 (February 21, 2013): 761–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-761-2013.

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Abstract. The management of sediment and other non-point source (NPS) pollution has proven difficult, and requires a sound understanding of particle movement through the drainage system. The primary objective of this investigation was to obtain an understanding of NPS sediment source(s), transport, and storage within the Mkabela Basin, a representative agricultural catchment within the KwaZulu–Natal Midlands of eastern South Africa, by combining geomorphic, hydrologic and geochemical fingerprinting analyses. The Mkabela Basin can be subdivided into three distinct subcatchments that differ in their ability to transport and store sediment along the axial valley. Headwater (upper catchment) areas are characterized by extensive wetlands that act as significant sediment sinks. Mid-catchment areas, characterized by higher relief and valley gradients, exhibit few wetlands, but rather are dominated by a combination of alluvial and bedrock channels that are conducive to sediment transport. The lower catchment exhibits a low-gradient alluvial channel that is boarded by extensive riparian wetlands that accumulate large quantities of sediment (and NPS pollutants). Fingerprinting studies suggest that silt- and clay-rich layers found within wetland and reservoir deposits of the upper and upper-mid subcatchments are derived from the erosion of fine-grained, valley bottom soils frequently utilized as vegetable fields. Coarser-grained deposits within these wetlands and reservoirs result from the erosion of sandier hillslope soils extensively utilized for sugar cane, during relatively high magnitude runoff events that are capable of transporting sand-sized sediment off the slopes. Thus, the source of sediment to the axial valley varies as a function of sediment size and runoff magnitude. Sediment export from upper to lower catchment areas was limited until the early 1990s, in part because the upper catchment wetlands were hydrologically disconnected from lower parts of the watershed during low to moderate flood events. The construction of a drainage ditch through a previously unchanneled wetland altered the hydrologic connectivity of the catchment, allowing sediment to be transported from the headwaters to the lower basin where much of it was deposited within riparian wetlands. The axial drainage system is now geomorphically and hydrologically connected during events capable of overflowing dams located throughout the study basin. The study indicates that increased valley connectivity partly negated the positive benefits of controlling sediment/nutrient exports from the catchment by means of upland based, best management practices.
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Luce, Cate, Rosie Soffair, and Andy Parrish. "Improving intravenous fluid prescribing in the Eastern Cape in South Africa." BMJ Open Quality 8, no. 3 (August 2019): e000406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000406.

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Intravenous fluids are an essential component of patient care, but a 2013 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline noted that inappropriate prescribing or administration may lead to actual or potential patient harm in up to 20% of patients.1 This project aimed to improve prescribing documentation and communication between nurses and doctors regarding intravenous fluid management. This was done through the introduction of a fluid chart, in combination with teaching on appropriate fluid management. It was initiated within the medical department of Cecelia Makiwane Hospital in East London, South Africa. 309 patients were included and data were analysed over a 6-month period. The outcome measures were the standards of intravenous fluid prescribing set by the NICE guidelines. The process measure was the use of the new chart. Baseline data highlighted that there was no standardised location for fluid prescriptions within the bedside notes. Following the intervention, 81% of fluid prescriptions were on a fluid chart. The percentage of fluid scripts with a 24-hour fluid prescription, a recorded indication and recorded input increased after the intervention. Seventy six per cent of patients received more than 50% of the fluids prescribed following the intervention compared with 22% at baseline. These results indicated an increase in the doctor’s awareness of appropriate fluid prescribing and an improvement in the communication between doctors and nurses regarding the patient’s fluid management. The engagement of local stakeholders and staff was fundamental to the success of the project and allowed for this change in practice. Fluid management is a vital part of care in many specialties; therefore, a toolkit has been created to allow similar quality improvement projects to be implemented across other hospitals around the Eastern Cape.
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3

Angwenyi, Daniel, Martin Potgieter, and James Gambiza. "Community perceptions towards nature conservation in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Nature Conservation 43 (February 23, 2021): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.43.57935.

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Relationships between protected area managers and adjacent communities, as well as communities’ attitudes, views and perceptions of these areas, are critical for the success of conservation efforts. It is important for protected area managers and administrators to understand how local communities view these areas and their management, so that they can build sustainable working rel ationships. This paper is based on a survey of 375 semi-structured questionnaires administered to household heads, living at distances ranging from the edge of the reserves to 50 km away from the reserve boundary across the Great Fish River, Mkambati, Hluleka, and Tsolwana nature reserves in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The paper provides a longitudinal assessment of households’ knowledge about the role of reserves and the reserves’ impacts on livelihood assets. In addition to households’ knowledge about the role of reserves, the paper also provides an assessment of people’s attitudes towards their location and management, as well as views on the best way to manage the reserves. For 79% of community members, reserves were important as they were seen to conserve biodiversity and valuable ecological systems necessary for sustaining life. Most (75%) respondents indicated that closely located reserves gave them opportunities to learn about nature conservation and to subsidize their incomes through tourism ventures. However, 58% had a problem with reserves’ staff, due to restrictions on resource use, which negatively impacted their livelihoods. Over half (51%) of the households argued that sustainable conservation can only be achieved through an integrated approach where conservation and local communities’ needs are given equal weight. We concluded that reserve managers should look at communities as active partners in the management of protected areas if sustainable conservation objectives are to be realised.
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Rowntree, Kate. "Integrating Catchment Management Through Landcare in the Kat Valley, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Physical Geography 27, no. 5 (January 2006): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0272-3646.27.5.435.

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5

Sogbanmu, Olufunso Oladipupo, Melanie-Anne Amanda John, and Umesh Lalloo. "Management of cryptococcal meningitis in adults at Mthatha Hospital Complex, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 15, no. 3 (September 8, 2014): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v15i3.10.

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Background. Cryptoccocal meningitis (CM) remains prevalent in HIV-infected individuals across South Africa (SA). Early diagnosis and management, aided by the existing Southern African HIV Clinicians Society (SAHIVSoc) 2007 guidelines on management of CM, could reduce the mortality associated with this condition. Objective. To review the management of adult patients with CM and adherence to the SAHIVSoc 2007 guidelines in a district hospital.Methods. A retrospective chart review of patients admitted with CM from December 2011 to May 2012 was performed. The following key recommendations of the guidelines were evaluated: measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure at the first lumbar puncture (LP), prescription of amphotericin B (AMB)/fluconazole therapy, intravenous prehydration preceding administration of AMB, monitoring of renal function and performance of serial LPs to manage raised intracranial pressure (ICP).Results. A total of 57 patient charts were reviewed, of which 40 (70%) were of females. The mean age (range) of the cohort was 36 (21 - 60) years. Fifty-two (91%) patients presented with headache. Confusion was recorded in 30 (53%) and vomiting in 26 (46%). The major signs observed were fever (n=29 (51%)) and neck stiffness (n=34 (60%)). Fifty-five (96%) patients were HIV-infected at presentation, with a median (range) CD4+ count of 77 (13 - 90) cells/µl. None of the patients had a CSF opening pressure measured at first LP. AMB was used as an induction agent in 51 (89%) patients, of whom 47 (92%) completed 2 weeks of AMB. Of these 51, only 20 (40%) were prehydrated and 10 (18%) had two repeat LPs performed 1 week apart. Renal function was monitored in only 27 (53%) of the patients receiving AMB. This was done at baseline and twice weekly, and was consistent with the guidelines. No abnormality in renal function was recorded in these cases during the study. The mortality rate was 30% in the first 10 days of admission.Conclusion. This chart review showed inadequate adherence to the recommendations of the 2007 SAHIVSoc guidelines in the majority of cases except for the use of AMB as a first-line antifungal agent. Control of ICP and monitoring for drug toxicity were not done as per guidelines and may impact on clinical care and outcome. Despite this, the early 30% mortality is comparable with published reports from other regions in SA, but is higher than in developed health systems.
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Hayward, Matt W., Graham I. H. Kerley, John Adendorff, Lucius C. Moolman, John O'Brien, Angus Sholto-Douglas, Charlene Bissett, et al. "The reintroduction of large carnivores to the Eastern Cape, South Africa: an assessment." Oryx 41, no. 2 (April 2007): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605307001767.

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AbstractRecently, conservation estate in South Africa's Eastern Cape Province has increased 10-fold resulting in large predators being increasingly reintroduced to restore ecological integrity and maximize tourism. We describe the reintroductions of large carnivores (>10 kg) that have occurred in the Eastern Cape and use various criteria to assess their success. Lion Panthera leo reintroduction has been highly successful with a population of 56 currently extant in the region and problems of overpopulation arising. The African wild dog Lycaon pictus population has increased to 24 from a founder population of 11. Preliminary results for spotted hyaenas Crocuta crocuta also indicate success. Wild populations of leopards Panthera pardus exist on several reserves and have been supplemented by translocated individuals, although deaths of known individuals have occurred and no estimate of reproduction is available. Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus reintroduction has also been less successful with 36 individuals reintroduced and 23 cubs being born but only 41 individuals surviving in 2005. Criteria for assessing the success of reintroductions of species that naturally occur in low densities, such as top predators, generally have limited value. Carrying capacity for large predators is unknown and continued monitoring and intensive management will be necessary in enclosed, and possibly all, conservation areas in the Eastern Cape to ensure conservation success.
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Sagbo, Idowu Jonas, and Wilfred Otang-Mbeng. "Plants Used for the Traditional Management of Cancer in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: A Review of Ethnobotanical Surveys, Ethnopharmacological Studies and Active Phytochemicals." Molecules 26, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 4639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154639.

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Cancer occurrence is rapidly increasing all over the world, including in developing countries. The current trend in cancer management requires the use of herbal remedies since the majority of anticancer drugs are known to be costly, with unwanted side effects. In the Eastern Cape province, the use of medicinal plants for cancer management has been climbing steadily over the past two decades due to their cultural belief, low cost, efficacy, and safety claims. With the aim of identifying some potential anticancer plants for probable drug development, this study was undertaken to review plants reported by ethnobotanical surveys in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa for the traditional management of cancer. Information regarding plants used for cancer management in the Eastern Cape province was obtained from multidisciplinary databases and ethnobotanical books. About 24 plant species belonging to twenty families have been reported to be used for the traditional management of cancer in the Eastern Cape province. Among the anticancer plant species, only 16 species have been explored scientifically for their anticancer activities. This review authenticated the use of anticancer plant species in the Eastern Cape province and, therefore, identified several promising unexplored species for further scientific evaluation.
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8

Kerley, Graham I. H., Michael H. Knight, and Mauritz de Kock. "Desertification of subtropical thicket in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: Are there alternatives?" Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 37, no. 1-3 (January 1995): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00546890.

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9

Davenport, N. A., and J. Gambiza. "Municipal commonage policy and livestock owners: Findings from the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Land Use Policy 26, no. 3 (July 2009): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2008.07.007.

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10

Zerihun, Mulatu Fekadu. "Agroforestry Practices in Livelihood Improvement in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 8477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158477.

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Agroforestry plays a significant role in increasing agricultural productivity. In South Africa, there is a pressing need for promoting smallholder agriculture to promote sustainable rural livelihoods, to ensure food security, to lower inflation in food prices, and address rampant rural unemployment in the country. The agricultural economy is characterised by a monopoly structure where almost every single staple in South Africa is already produced by large manufacturers that can produce it at better quality and lower cost than the average smallholder enterprise or cooperative. Such a monopoly structure fundamentally undermines the development of local markets, where local small-scale producers sell to their local community. The novelty of this study is addressing the research gap that conventional rural livelihood analyses often neglect, i.e., the role of environmental products in general, and forest and agroforestry products. Using a log linear regression model with cross-sectional data collected from a sample of 300 households, this study explores the likely impact of agroforestry practices in promoting the livelihood of rural communities in the study areas. Results obtained from multiple linear regression analysis showed that average household income increased as a function of utilization of agroforestry practices. Agroforestry contributes to sustainable rural livelihoods in South African provinces where the predominant means of livelihoods is rural subsistence farming and agriculture. Since valuation of agroforestry products and services are technically difficult, farmers often underestimate the contribution of agroforestry to the household’s livelihood income. These findings have policy implications in promoting food security in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and beyond.
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11

Amoah, Laura Novienyo Abla. "Water Scarcity and Food Security in Ngqeleni Locality in the Eastern Cape Province- South Africa." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 10(1), no. 10(1) (February 28, 2021): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-85.

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South Africa in general and the Eastern Cape Province in particular face increasing water shortages. However, little empirical evidence exists on how rural households are affected by water scarcity and the impact thereof on food security. This paper discusses the relationship between water scarcity and food security in Ngqeleni, a rural location in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Through empirical evidence collected using techniques inspired by the tradition of participatory focus group research and self-administered questionnaires in Ngqeleni, it is argued that there is a significant relationship between water scarcity and food security. Results also reveal that population growth, lack of political will and commitment, inadequate water resource infrastructure, and weaknesses within the institutional framework are some of the causes of water scarcity. Until effective water management systems are identified and enforced, food security will continue to plague Ngqeleni.
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12

Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Ntombenhle Ngcobo, Michael McCaul, Hlokoma Mangqalaza, Abongile Magwaca, Usuf Chikte, and Charles S. Wiysonge. "Vaccine stock management in primary health care facilities in OR Tambo District, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Vaccine 38, no. 25 (May 2020): 4111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.019.

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13

Blore, M. L., G. Cundill, and M. Mkhulisi. "Towards measuring the transaction costs of co-management in Mkambati Nature Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Journal of Environmental Management 129 (November 2013): 444–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.002.

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14

Monakali, Sizeka, Daniel Ter Goon, Eunice Seekoe, and Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi. "A Cross-Sectional Survey of the Prevalence and Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Primary Healthcare Professional Nurses In Eastern Cape, South Africa." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 4 (March 15, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n4p53.

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There is a paucity of data on the burden of obesity among primary Health care professional nurses in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This study examines the prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity among Primary Healthcare Professional nurses in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This workplace cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 Primary Health Care Professional nurses selected conveniently across 41 primary healthcare facilities in Eastern Cape, South Africa following a the WHO STEPwise approach and using the WHO STEPwise questionnaire for data collection. Data were expressed as mean, counts and proportions, as appropriate. We compared percentages using chi-square test. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted. Seventy six percent of the nurses were obese and 18% were overweight. Age, gender, marital status, duration of practice, alcohol use and smoking were significantly associated with obesity. Only age >30 years and not using alcohol were independent predictors of obesity, after adjusting for confounders. We found a high prevalence of obesity among primary healthcare professional nurses in this setting. This constitute future risk for an increased prevalence of chronic diseases among the healthcare workforce in this setting. There is a need for measures to promote healthy lifestyle behaviours and weight management among nurses in this setting.
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Horn, GS. "Black economic empowerment in the Eastern Cape automotive industry: Challenges and policies." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 10, no. 4 (May 22, 2014): 490–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v10i4.1062.

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Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) in South Africa are under pressure to meet the Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) policies and charters of the South African government by giving BEE suppliers additional opportunities to tender. However, many BEE suppliers, due to being historically disadvantaged, experience various problems which make it difficult for them to win tenders, including lack of finances, opportunities to tender and management and business skills, and problems with quality and capacity. This paper outlines these practical problems experienced by BEE suppliers, the effects of these problems on risk and complexity in the South African automotive industry and policies that address these problems and assist BEE suppliers to become A-rated suppliers. Data for the paper was obtained from interviews with: senior employees of the AIDC involved with supplier development training; middle managers of supplier quality and development departments at the three OEMs in the Eastern Cape Province; and BEE and small suppliers identified to undergo AIDC training. The findings of the study are that unless sufficient training is given to BEE and potential BEE suppliers, supply to OEMs will remain in the hands of existing established suppliers and very little transformation will occur within the automobile industry in South Africa.
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Cheteni, Priviledge, Yohane Khamfula, and Gisele Mah. "Exploring Food Security and Household Dietary Diversity in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 1, 2020): 1851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051851.

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Food security is one of the most severe challenges facing the majority of African countries. The objective of this study was to explore household food dietary diversity and food security in a rural area in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A total of 296 household heads were randomly sampled to participate in the study. The Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) and Household Food Consumption Score (HFCS) were used to identify the consumption patterns of the households and their food security status. Meanwhile, a binary model was used to identify the variables that had an impact on household food security. Findings from the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) revealed that 61 percent of the households had lower dietary diversity and were consuming at least three food groups, which mainly include pulses, milk, and cereals. The results from the Household Food Consumption Score (HFCS), however, showed that the majority of the households had adequate levels of food consumption. The binary model revealed that age, household income, access to credit, and gender are statistically significant in influencing household food security status in the study area. It can be concluded that household dietary diversity is not guaranteed by food security, as proven by the regression model. Therefore, the government should consider the impact of low income on food security and it should intensify efforts directed at helping rural households to reduce incidences of food insecurity.
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Myles, Peter B. "Coastal Route Tourism: A Vehicle for Collaborative Economic Development in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Tourism in Marine Environments 9, no. 3 (September 15, 2014): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427313x13818453739512.

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18

Botai, Christina M., Joel O. Botai, Abiodun M. Adeola, Jaco P. de Wit, Katlego P. Ncongwane, and Nosipho N. Zwane. "Drought Risk Analysis in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: The Copula Lens." Water 12, no. 7 (July 8, 2020): 1938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071938.

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This research study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of drought based on the joint distribution of two dependent variables, the duration and severity, in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The drought variables were computed from the Standardized Precipitation Index for 6- and 12-month accumulation period (hereafter SPI-6 and SPI-12) time series calculated from the monthly rainfall data spanning the last five decades. In this context, the characteristics of climatological drought duration and severity were based on multivariate copula analysis. Five copula functions (from the Archimedean and Elliptical families) were selected and fitted to the drought duration and severity series in order to assess the dependency measure of the two variables. In addition, Joe and Gaussian copula functions were considered and fitted to the drought duration and severity to assess the joint return periods for the dual and cooperative cases. The results indicate that the dependency measure of drought duration and severity are best described by Tawn copula families. The dependence structure results suggest that the study area exhibited low probability of drought duration and high probability of drought severity. Furthermore, the multivariate return period for the dual case is found to be always longer across all the selected univariate return periods. Based on multivariate analysis, the study area (particularly Buffalo City, OR Tambo and Alfred Zoo regions) is determined to have higher/lower risks in terms of the conjunctive/cooperative multivariate drought risk (copula) probability index. The results of the present study could contribute towards policy and decision making through e.g., formulation of the forward-looking contingent plans for sustainable management of water resources and the consequent applications in the preparedness for and adaptation to the drought risks in the water-linked sectors of the economy.
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Leaver, Jessica, Jake Mulvaney, David A. Ehlers Smith, Yvette C. Ehlers Smith, and Michael I. Cherry. "Response of bird functional diversity to forest product harvesting in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Forest Ecology and Management 445 (August 2019): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.04.054.

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20

Gouws, Aidan John, and Charlie M. Shackleton. "Abundance and correlates of the Acacia dealbata invasion in the northern Eastern Cape, South Africa." Forest Ecology and Management 432 (January 2019): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.09.048.

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21

Niba, Augustine S., and Inam Yekwayo. "Epigaeic invertebrate community structure in two subtropical nature reserves, Eastern Cape, South Africa: Implications for conservation management." Arachnologische Mitteilungen 52 (September 30, 2016): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5431/aramit5203.

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22

Kakembo, Vincent, and Naledzani Ndou. "Relating vegetation condition to grazing management systems in the central Keiskamma Catchment, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Land Degradation & Development 30, no. 9 (March 25, 2019): 1052–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3292.

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23

Mantashe, Lunga, and Vuyisile Nkonki. "Structural Enablements and Constraints of Articulation between Colleges and a Comprehensive University in Eastern Cape, South Africa." International Journal of Educational Organization and Leadership 27, no. 1 (2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2329-1656/cgp/v27i01/1-12.

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24

Orr, KK, JE Burgess, and PW Froneman. "The effects of increased freshwater inflow on metal enrichment in selected Eastern Cape estuaries, South Africa." Water SA 34, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v34i1.180760.

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Traynor, C. H., and T. R. Hill. "Resource demand estimates for sustainable forest management: Mngazana Mangrove Forest, South Africa." Bothalia 38, no. 1 (August 14, 2008): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v38i1.274.

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Since democratization in 1994, South African forest policies have promoted sustainable forest management. However, implementation has been problematic due to limited information concerning forest product utilization. This paper investigates and quantifies timber use from the Mngazana Mangrove Forest. Eastern Cape Province. South Africa. Three local communities utilize stems of the mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata Lam. and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam. for building construction. There were two distinct building shapes, circular and rectangular. On average. 155 stems were used for circular buildings and 378 stems for rectangular buildings. Most buildings were constructed using mangroves as well as indigenous timber from coastal scarp forests. The proportion of mangrove stems in buildings varied from 0 to 95%. The annual demand for mangroves was estimated to be 18 400 stems. Due to the high annual demand, projected human population growth rates have a minor influence upon future demand values. For effective sustainable forest management, the standing stock at Mngazana should be restricted to the two mangrove species utilized for building construction, and a forest inventory performed so that demand for building can be compared to supply.
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Abdel-Hamid, Ayman, Olena Dubovyk, and Klaus Greve. "The potential of sentinel-1 InSAR coherence for grasslands monitoring in Eastern Cape, South Africa." International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 98 (June 2021): 102306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102306.

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Monakali, Sizeka, Daniel Ter Goon, Eunice Seekoe, and Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi. "Prevalence and factors associated with abdominal obesity among primary health care professional nurses in Eastern Cape, South Africa." South African Family Practice 60, no. 5 (October 23, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v60i5.4920.

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Background: Nurses are key stakeholders in health promotion and obesity management, yet a high-risk group for obesity development. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of abdominal obesity among primary health care professional nurses (PHCPNs) in Eastern Cape, South Africa.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 203 PHCPNs conveniently selected across 41 primary health care facilities in Eastern Cape, South Africa. The WHO STEPwise questionnaire was used for data collection. Abdominal obesity was defined according to the WHO criteria as a waist circumference ≥ 94 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women or waist-to-hip ratio ≥ 0.90 in men and ≥ 0.85 in women; and a waist-to-height ratio of 0.50.Results: The prevalence of abdominal obesity ranged from 50%, to 87% to 90%, using waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio, respectively. Age, gender and duration of practice were significantly associated with abdominal obesity. After adjusting for potential confounders, only age 30 years (OR = 6.7; 95% CI = 2.4–18.7; p 0.001) and female sex (AOR = 7.9; 95% CI = 2.4–18.7; p 0.001) were independent predictors of obesity.Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of abdominal obesity among PHCPNs in Eastern Cape, South Africa, which was associated with female sex and ageing. This constitutes a potential risk for the healthcare workforce of the province and might be an impediment to adequate conveyance to patients of health education on healthy weight management by the affected nurses. There is an urgent need for appropriate workplace health policies targeted towards the promotion of physical activities, healthy lifestyle and ultimately weight reduction among this group.
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Wood, Geoffrey, and Candice Els. "The making and remaking of HRM: the practice of managing people in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." International Journal of Human Resource Management 11, no. 1 (January 2000): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095851900340015.

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Odeyemi, Samuel, and Graeme Bradley. "Medicinal Plants Used for the Traditional Management of Diabetes in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: Pharmacology and Toxicology." Molecules 23, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 2759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112759.

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The use of medicinal plants for the management of diabetes mellitus is on the rise in the developing countries, including South Africa. There is increasing scientific evidence that supports the claims by the traditional healers. In this review, we compare the families of previously reported anti-diabetic plants in the Eastern Cape by rating the anti-diabetic activity, mode of action and also highlight their therapeutic potentials based on the available evidence on their pharmacology and toxicity. Forty-five plants mentioned in ethnobotanical surveys were subjected to a comprehensive literature search in the available electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Elsevier, by using “plant name” and “family” as the keywords for the primary searches to determine the plants that have been scientifically investigated for anti-diabetic activity. The search returned 25 families with Asteraceae highly reported, followed by Asphodelaceae and Alliaceae. Most of the plants have been studied for their anti-diabetic potentials in vivo and/or in vitro, with most of the plants having a higher percentage of insulin release and inhibition against carbohydrate digesting enzymes as compared with insulin mimetic and peripheral glucose uptake. Almost all the investigated plants also inhibit oxidative stress as part of their hypoglycemic activity with less toxicity. However, the isolation of their bioactive molecules is still lacking. This review provides a resource to enable thorough assessments of the therapeutic profiles of available medicinal plants used for the management of diabetes in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Further studies such as the identification of the active ingredients of potent plants still need to be carried out; this may lead to new molecules in drug discovery and development.
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Lee, DE, and M. Du Preez. "A demand-based management option to address boat congestion at the Sundays River Estuary, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Water SA 41, no. 4 (July 29, 2015): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v41i4.18.

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Scharler, U. M., and D. Baird. "The influence of catchment management on salinity, nutrient stochiometry and phytoplankton biomass of Eastern Cape estuaries, South Africa." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 56, no. 3-4 (March 2003): 735–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7714(02)00293-7.

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Bennett, James, Andrew Ainslie, and John Davis. "Fenced in: Common property struggles in the management of communal rangelands in central Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Land Use Policy 27, no. 2 (April 2010): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.04.006.

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Gugushe, NM, IM Grundy, F. Theron, and PW Chirwa. "Perceptions of forest resource use and management in two village communities in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 70, no. 3 (December 29, 2008): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/sf.2008.70.3.8.669.

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Adams, J. B., B. M. Colloty, and G. C. Bate. "The distribution and state of mangroves along the coast of Transkei, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Wetlands Ecology and Management 12, no. 5 (October 2004): 531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-005-5165-0.

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Choruma, Dennis Junior, Juraj Balkovic, and Oghenekaro Nelson Odume. "Calibration and Validation of the EPIC Model for Maize Production in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Agronomy 9, no. 9 (August 29, 2019): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090494.

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Crop models are useful tools to evaluate the effects of agricultural management on ecosystem services. However, before they can be applied with confidence, it is important to calibrate and validate crop models in the region of interest. In this study, the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model was evaluated for its potential to simulate maize yield using limited data from field trials on two maize cultivars. Two independent fields at the Cradock Research Farm were used, one for calibration and one for validation. Before calibration, mean simulated yield was 8 t ha−1 while mean observed yield was 11.26 t ha−1. Model calibration improved mean simulated yield to 11.23 t ha−1 with a coefficient of determination, (r2) = 0.76 and a model efficiency (NSE) = 0.56. Validation with grain yield was satisfactory with r2 = 0.85 and NSE = 0.61. Calibration of potential heat units (PHUs) and soil-carbon related parameters improved model simulations. Although the study only used grain yield to calibrate and evaluate the model, results show that the calibrated model can provide reasonably accurate simulations. It can be concluded that limited data sets from field trials on maize can be used to calibrate the EPIC model when comprehensive experimental data are not available.
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Clifford-Holmes, Jai K., Carolyn G. Palmer, Chris J. de Wet, and Jill H. Slinger. "Operational manifestations of institutional dysfunction in post-apartheid South Africa." Water Policy 18, no. 4 (January 29, 2016): 998–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.211.

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At the centre of the water law reform process initiated by the first democratic government of the Republic of South Africa (RSA) lay the challenge of transforming away from apartheid water injustices. Reform culminated in the promulgation of new legislation, regarded internationally as ambitious and forward-thinking legislation reflective of the broad aims of integrated water resource management (IWRM). However, implementation of this legislation has been challenging. This paper analyses institutional dysfunction in water management in the Sundays River Valley Municipality (Eastern Cape Province, RSA). A transdisciplinary approach is taken in addressing the failure of national law and policy to enable the delivery of effective water services in post-apartheid RSA. A case study is used to explore interventions to promote effective water supply, locating these interventions and policies within the legislative structures and frameworks governing the water sector. We suggest that fine-grained institutional analysis together with learning from persistent iterative, adaptive practice, with principled goals intact, offers a pragmatic and achievable alternative to grand-scale policy change.
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Gwedla, Nanamhla, and Charlie M. Shackleton. "Perceptions and preferences for urban trees across multiple socio-economic contexts in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Landscape and Urban Planning 189 (September 2019): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.05.001.

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Chigor, Vincent N., Timothy Sibanda, and Anthony I. Okoh. "Variations in the physicochemical characteristics of the Buffalo River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 185, no. 10 (May 2, 2013): 8733–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3208-1.

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Rousseau, G. G., and D. J. Venter. "Measuring consumer attitudes toward money." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 2, no. 3 (September 30, 1999): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v2i3.2588.

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The main objective of this study is to compare attitudes toward money amongst English, Afrikaans and Xhosa-speaking consumers in the Eastern Cape. Based on literature in the field, hypotheses were generated for four dimensions of a money attitude scale (MAS) developed by Yamauchi and Templer. The scale was modified and applied to a convenience sample (N=326) of respondents in the Port Elizabeth/Uitenhage area. Results showed significant differences between the various groups for three of the four dimensions of the scale. Results further suggest that the money attitude scale is a reliable instrument for measuring consumer attitudes toward money in South Africa. Implications are that more attention should be paid to educating consumers in the Eastern Cape on personal money management.
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Williams, K. A., and M. H. Villet. "Spatial and Seasonal Distribution of Forensically Important Blow Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Makhanda, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Journal of Medical Entomology 56, no. 5 (May 13, 2019): 1231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz056.

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AbstractThe seasonal activity of adults of eight forensically important blow fly species [Calliphora croceipalpis (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Jaennicke, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), L. cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Ch. albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Ch. marginalis (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Ch. putoria (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Ch. megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)] was quantified from collections in Makhanda, South Africa. Flies were collected in traps baited with chicken liver and placed in the field at eight locations for four consecutive days each fortnight for 14 mo. The seasonal distribution of each species compared well to published seasonal distributions of these blow flies elsewhere in South Africa, with evidence of year-to-year variation within seasons that might be explained by weather. This information is important for determining when and where certain species are likely to occur and will be of use in forensic investigations and myiasis management plans.
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VALLABH, DINESH, and DIMITRI TASSIOPOULOS. "CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM) IN SMALL- TO MEDIUM-SIZED TOURISM ENTERPRISES (SMTES) OF THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA." International Journal of Management Cases 11, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5848/apbj.2009.00050.

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Graw, Valerie, Gohar Ghazaryan, Karen Dall, Andoni Delgado Gómez, Ayman Abdel-Hamid, Andries Jordaan, Ruben Piroska, et al. "Drought Dynamics and Vegetation Productivity in Different Land Management Systems of Eastern Cape, South Africa—A Remote Sensing Perspective." Sustainability 9, no. 10 (September 26, 2017): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9101728.

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Leboea, Paulos D., Kemi O. Adu, and Emmanuel O. Adu. "Induction and Mentoring as Correlates of Senior Management Team’s (SMT’s) Job Performance at Maluti District, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Journal of Social Sciences 49, no. 1-2 (October 2016): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2016.11893595.

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Bezuidenhout, Hugo, and Leslie R. Brown. "Mountain Zebra National Park phytosociological classification: A case study of scale and management in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." South African Journal of Botany 138 (May 2021): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.12.017.

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Bonisile, Ngxito, Kahilu Kajimo-Shakantu, and Akintayo Opawole. "Assessment of alternative building technologies (ABT) for pre-tertiary school infrastructure delivery in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 30, no. 5 (August 5, 2019): 1152–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-06-2018-0111.

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Purpose Anecdotal evidence indicates that there is a backlog in the pre-tertiary school infrastructure in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The purpose of this paper is to assess the adoption of alternative building technologies (ABT) for pre-tertiary educational infrastructure delivery with a view to providing empirical evidence that could guide policy responses towards its wider adoption. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a mixed methodology approach. This comprises a triangulation of a questionnaire survey and interviews. In total, 100 participants were randomly selected from 182 built environment professionals namely quantity surveyors, architects and engineers (electrical, mechanical, civil and structural) from the Department of Roads and Public Works (DRPW), who are currently involved in the Eastern Cape School Building Program (ECSBP). The questionnaire survey was supplemented by semi-structured interviews conducted with four top government officials (three from the Department of Education (DoE) and one from DRPW) who were also part of the questionnaire survey. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and phenomenological interpretation respectively. Findings The key findings showed that the level of adoption of ABT for pre-tertiary school infrastructure in the Eastern Cape province is primarily influenced and explained by perceptions that ABT offers inferior quality products compared to the conventional method, and limited awareness of its benefits. Research limitations/implications The study provides useful insights into the implications of the limited awareness of ABT as a an alternative technology for educational infrastructure delivery and policy responses towards its wider adoption and environmental sustainability. Originality/value Empirical evidence from this study indicates that the main motivation for the adoption of ABT is the limited government’s budget to cope with school infrastructural backlog, while environmental sustainability benefit is only secondary. Nonetheless, the realization that the backlogs in the provision of school infrastructure has resulted from sole reliance on the use of the conventional method is an indication of the potential that the adoption of ABT holds for minimizing of the backlog.
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Emmerson, W. "The Nutrient Status of Mgazana, a Warm Temperate Mangrove Estuary in the Transkei, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Wetlands Ecology and Management 13, no. 4 (August 2005): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-004-0411-4.

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47

Fana, Thanduxolo Elford, Edwin Ijeoma, and Lizo Sotana. "Knowledge, Attitudes, and Prevention Practices of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Tuberculosis Research and Treatment 2019 (November 25, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8978021.

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The aim of this study was to assess community members’ knowledge and awareness levels, attitudes, and practices of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis. A quantitative descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The sample size consisted of four hundred (400) respondents aged 18 years and above on their last birthday who were purposively and conveniently selected from Port Elizabeth area in the Nelson Mandela Municipality. Data were collected using close-ended questions, which were administered by the researcher and two research assistants to the selected respondents. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results of this study show poor knowledge and awareness levels, unfavourable attitudes, but good prevention practices of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis among Port Elizabeth community members. This study also found a statistically significant association between knowledge and attitudes (p value = <0.001), and no statistically significant association between knowledge and practices and attitude and practices, respectively (p values = 0.120 and 0.136). The study also revealed low literacy levels, inadequate information, misconceptions and erroneous beliefs about causes, transmission, prevention, treatment, and management of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis among the respondents. This study also highlighted the use and existence of dual healthcare system (traditional spiritual and western).The study found that the main source of Drug Resistant TB information was radio and television among the majority of research respondents. It is recommended that in future health education interventions and awareness campaigns need to be intensified in the area so that misconceptions and erroneous beliefs that exist in society can be addressed. It is also recommended that training programs that are culturally sensitive should be developed and delivered taking into account different languages and literacy levels that exist in society. Such education interventions should be facilitated in collaboration with people living with Drug Resistant Tuberculosis. A multidisciplinary approach should be fostered and collaborations with spiritual healers and various congregational leaders, traditional health practitioners, community leaders, and government leaders in the health sector should be promoted in order to deal with Drug Resistant Tuberculosis. It is also recommended that a similar study be conducted using a qualitative research approach in urban and rural areas of the Eastern Cape. Lastly, assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of spiritual and traditional healers with regard to Drug Resistant Tuberculosis should be conducted as they can influence health-seeking behaviour.
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Wright, Oliver Thomas, Georgina Cundill, and Duan Biggs. "Stakeholder perceptions of legal trade in rhinoceros horn and implications for private reserve management in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Oryx 52, no. 1 (December 12, 2016): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605316000764.

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AbstractThe proposed legalization of international trade in rhinoceros horn is a hotly debated topic. South Africa is home to a large proportion of Africa's blackDiceros bicornisand white rhinocerosesCeratotherium simumpopulations. Private owners are custodians of c. 25% of the country's rhinoceroses, and the introduction of legal trade in horn harvested from live rhinoceroses may therefore have significant implications for the private conservation industry. This study explores perceptions of legal trade in rhinoceros horn, and its potential implications for reserve management, among rhinoceros owners and conservation practitioners from private game reserves in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Twenty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants from 17 private game reserves (c. 37% of the total number of reserves with rhinoceroses). Whereas rhinoceros owners were mostly in favour of trade, opinion among non-owners was more nuanced. Owners expressed more interest in trading in live rhinoceroses, and stockpiled horn from natural mortalities, than in sustainably harvesting rhinoceros horn for trade. Informants therefore predicted that they would not change their practices significantly if the trade were legalized. However, most informants had little confidence that CITES would lift the trade ban. The perspectives of private reserve owners and managers should be taken into account in South African and international policy discussions relating to the legal trade in rhinoceros horn.
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Paumgarten, Fiona, Charlie Shackleton, and Michelle Cocks. "Growing of trees in home-gardens by rural households in the Eastern Cape and Limpopo Provinces, South Africa." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 12, no. 4 (December 2005): 365–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504500509469647.

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Tindimwebwa, Linda, Anthony Idowu Ajayi, and Oladele Vincent Adeniyi. "Prevalence and Demographic Correlates of Substance Use among Adults with Mental Illness in Eastern Cape, South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 5428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105428.

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This study reports on the prevalence and demographic correlates of substance use among individuals with mental illness in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Outpatient Clinic of a large hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A pre-validated tool on alcohol and psychoactive drug use was administered to 390 individuals with mental illness. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to explore the demographic correlates of alcohol and psychoactive drug use. Of the total participants (N = 390), 64.4% and 33.3% reported lifetime (ever used) and past-year use of alcohol, respectively, but the prevalence of risky alcohol use was 18.5%. After adjusting for relevant covariates, only male sex, younger age, and rural residence remained significantly associated with risky alcohol use. The prevalence of ever-use and past-year use of psychoactive substances was 39.7% and 17.4%, respectively. The most common substance ever used was cannabis (37.4%). Male sex, younger age, owning a business, and being unemployed were significantly associated with higher odds of lifetime and past-year use of psychoactive substances. Findings highlight the need for dedicated infrastructure and staff training in the management of these dual diagnoses in the region.
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