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Ochandio, Mario Roberto. "Spatial Analysis of Atrazine in the Elm Fork Watershed." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2510/.
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This study assessed the water quality of the Elm Fork Watershed with regards to the herbicide Atrazine. Atrazine is a potential environmental endocrine disruptor and carcinogen. Overall, concentrations were lower than the four-quarter drinking water average of 3 µg/Lthe Maximum Contaminant Level set by the USEPA. However, three creek stations had four-quarter average concentrations greater than 3 µg/L, and virtually all samples exceeded the 0.1 µg/L standard set in Europe [1,2]. Statistically significant differences in concentrations were detected between the 27 sampling stations and areas of high concentrations were identified. However correlations between Atrazine concentrations and land-use and precipitation were not statistically significant. Further analysis with more detailed data should be conducted before any relationships are discarded.
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Ross, James Donald. "Erosion and sedimentation in the Phewa Tal Watershed, Middle Mountain Region, Nepal." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ28249.pdf.
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Ricupero, Krista. "Changing Streamflow Patterns in the New England Region: Implications for Ecosystem Services, Water Users and Sustainable Resources Management." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RicuperoK2009.pdf.
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Ciesielski, Linda C. (Linda Claire). "From waterfront to watershed : mapping a big idea in the Greater Toronto Region." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63237.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-155).<br>Today, Toronto is revered among Great Lakes' and waterfront cities for its environmental planning: its massive re-investment in water and stormwater infrastructure; protected headwaters of the region's rivers; realized waterfront plans; and more swimmable beaches. Twenty years ago, the Metro area was designated a hotspot of pollution, the waterfront was marked with vacant brownfields, while rampant development grew from the city's edge. This thesis explores how Toronto transformed its relationship to water and Lake Ontario by examining the work and legacy of a federal and provincial inquiry into the Future of Toronto's Waterfront. While the Royal Commission's inquiry concluded nearly twenty years ago, its impact and legacy on regional planning appears embedded in the Toronto's planning today. The Commission advanced an ecologically-based approach to planning by using the established interest in the waterfront to leverage concerns for the region's watershed. The process of the Commission inquiry served as a vehicle for garnering public support and political will for policy change. The Commission's pragmatic approach to resolving growth and development pressures alongside environmental concerns strengthened its appeal, and contributed to the adoption of many of the Commission's recommendations at the federal, provincial and municipal level. The Commission's work led to significant land use and policy reform in the early 1990s, under the Liberal and New Democratic Parties. However, these policies were rescinded under a change in federal and provincial power in 1995. They were later re-adopted in the early-to-mid 2000s. Today, the language and ideas first presented by the Commission appear to resonate to a certain degree in the region's and province's planning policies. While certain unique circumstances of Toronto and the Commission distinguish it from other cities and regions, these exceptions do not detract from the fact that the Commission's ecosystem and watershed solution for the region was exceptionally strong and persuasive. The Commission's cohesive presentation of its ecological strategy largely resonated with the public and politicians, leveraging policy change. The Commission's plan warrants attention as an important case study for cities on the Great Lakes and waterfronts.<br>by Linda C. Ciesielski.<br>M.C.P.
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Alves, Nilvia Nara de Lucena. "Characterization of micro-watershed in experimental semi-arid region in support of deteriotation." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5299.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico<br>This work aims to present an analysis through the experiments driven in a watershed to support the future studies that point out to identification and checking the causes that promote the degradation in the semiarid region of the Northeast of Brazil. It was taken two watershed cited in the Escola AgrotÃcnica Federal de Iguatu â EAFIGT located in the Iguatu County, CearÃ, Brazil, It was made the morphometrical characterization, the identification of the vegetation (herbaceous and arboreal) substrates and the evaluation of the sediments transport related to physical aspects with the hydrological processes. The experiment was developed during the first semester of 2008 (rainfall station). The considered morphometrical aspects were: length and sinuosity of the main stream and slope, area, length, form factor, compactness coefficient, concentration time of the watershed, as well as the runoff time. The cover vegetation was estimated account all species present in a sampled space of 10 m x 10 m in a randomized design with three replications in each watershed. From the all computed individuals present in each sampled space, the density of vegetable was obtained by area and the population was estimated in the watersheds. In the evaluation of the sediments transport it was used the following equipments: suspended sediment flow collectors, weir parshall and meteorological station. The station was made in the Universidade Federal do CearÃ- UFC/DENA/LEMA. Results showed that cover vegetation was composed, basically by 23 species, being the most abundant Hyptis sauaviolens (L.) point (Bambural) and Hyptis sp. (Melosa) herbaceous and arboreal shrubby the Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart (Pereiro). The plant density for unity of area was 1,43 individual/m2 and 1,18 individual/m2 for the watershed B1 and B2, respectively. The estimated of vegetation population was 16,395 individuals for B1 and 24,421 individuals for B2, respectively. During the studied period, the air temperature went from 41 oC to 20 oC and the relative humidity went from 100% to 35%. The most intensity rainfall for 5 minutes was 140 mm h-1 in an event of 126 mm. The watershed areas were 1,15 ha and 2,06 ha for the watershed B1 and B2, respectively, with slope 8,7 for B1 and 10,6 %. for B2. The sinuosity of streams were 1,2 for the B1 and 1,4 for B2. The sediment delivery during the collected period was 9,22 and 17,95 kg for watersheds B1 and B2, respectely. The peak of flow registered in the B2 watershed was 740 m3 h-1 while in the B1 watershed was not possible register the peak flow. In spite of the experimental area present a good cover vegetable, it was identified the human activity. Although the number of vegetable species is high, it points out to succession stage. Even with the same characteristic pair watersheds can have different hydrologic behavior.<br>Este trabalho teve como objetivo a apresentaÃÃo de uma anÃlise a partir de experimentos conduzidos em micro-bacia para servir de suporte a futuros estudos que visem a identificaÃÃo e monitoramento das causas que levam a degradaÃÃo no Nordeste semi-Ãrido brasileiro. Para isso, foi tomado como unidade duas micro-bacias localizadas no municÃpio de Iguatu-Ce, pertencentes à Escola AgrotÃcnica Federal de Iguatu-EAFIGT e efetuada a caracterizaÃÃo morfomÃtrica, a identificaÃÃo dos substratos herbÃceo e arbÃreo e a avaliaÃÃo do transporte de sedimentos relacionado os aspectos fÃsicos com o processo hidrolÃgico. Considerou-se o perÃodo de experimento o primeiro semestre de 2008 (estaÃÃo chuvosa). Os aspectos morfomÃtricos obtidos foram: comprimento dos cursos e da bacia, declividade da bacia, Ãrea da bacia, fator de forma, coeficiente de compacidade, tempo de concentraÃÃo, sinuosidade do curso principal, tempo mÃdio de escoamento superficial. Para a identificaÃÃo do extrato vegetal foi feito levantamento das espÃcies vegetais em amostragem aleatÃria, com trÃs repetiÃÃes para cada micro-bacia no espaÃamento de 10 x 10 m. Computando todos os indivÃduos de cada espÃcie, a partir desses dados foi obtida a densidade de indivÃduos por Ãrea e estimada a populaÃÃo nas Ãreas das micro-bacias. Na avaliaÃÃo do transporte de sedimentosfoi procedida a instalaÃÃo de equipamentos: coletores de sedimentos em suspensÃo no curso dos cÃrregos, calhas Parshall e estaÃÃo hidro-meteorologica. A estaÃÃo foi confeccionada na Universidade Federal do CearÃ-UFC/DENA/LEMA. Foram identificadas no trabalho 23 espÃcies vegetais, sendo as mais abundantes Hyptis sauaviolens (L.) point (Banbural) e Hyptis sp. (Melosa) as herbÃceas e arbÃrea arbustiva o Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart (Pereiro). A densidade de indivÃduos por unidade de Ãrea obtida foram 1,43 indivÃduo/m2 e 1,18 indivÃduo/m2 para as micro-bacias B1 e B2, respectivamente. As populaÃÃes estimadas foram 16.395 indivÃduos para B1 e 24.421 indivÃduos para B2. Durante o perÃodo de estudo a temperatura do ar variou de 20 e 41 oC e a umidade relativa variou desde valores de 35% a saturaÃÃo. A chuva de intensidade mÃxima para 5 minutos foi 140 mm h-1 em um evento de 126 mm. As Ãreas das micro-bacias B1 e B2 foram, respectivamente, 1,15 ha e 2,06 ha, com declividades 8,7 e 10,6%. Os cÃrregos apresentaram-se com sinuosidade de 1,2 para a B1 e 1,4 para a B2. A produÃÃo de sedimentos em suspensÃo coletada para o perÃodo observado foi 9,22 e 17,95 kg. A vazÃo mÃxima para B2 foi de 740 m3 h-1, para a micro-bacia B1 nÃo foi possÃvel o registro da vazÃo mÃxima. Apesar da Ãrea experimental apresentar uma boa cobertura vegetal, a aÃÃo antrÃpica existe. O nÃmero de espÃcies vegetais à bem diversificado, mas aponta estagio de sucessÃo. Mesmo com caracterÃsticas semelhantes bacias adjacentes podem ter respostas hidro-sedimentolÃgicas diferentes.
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Husic, Admin. "SEDIMENT ORGANIC CARBON FATE AND TRANSPORT IN A FLUVIOKARST WATERSHED IN THE BLUEGRASS REGION." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/30.
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Mature karst topography is well recognized within the hydrology and geology communities to include subterranean fluid pathways that act as turbulent conduits conveying fluid from surface stream sinks called swallets to sources called springs. However, we find that little knowledge has been reported with regards to the transport and fate of terrestrially-derived sediment organic carbon (SOC) within karst watersheds. This study investigated the hypothesis that karst pathways could act as biologically active conveyors of SOC that temporarily store sediment, turnover carbon at higher rates than otherwise considered, and recharge depleted SOC back to the surface stream within the fluvial system. Mixed research methods were applied within a mature karst network. Methods included high resolution measurements of water and sediment characteristics of surface streams, carbon and stable carbon isotope measurements of transported sediment, and numerical modeling of water and sediment pathways. The mixing of sediment during net zero deposition and erosion was investigated in this study using a parameter calibrated to SOC data. Results of this study showed that heterotrophic bacteria in the subsurface conduit oxidized 0.05 tCkm-2y-1 resulting from the temporary storage of terrestrial carbon in the karst conduit. The subsurface conduit transports 0.15 tCkm-2y-1 out of the fluviokarst watershed.
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Bowie, Russell Reid. "Nor any drop to drink' : an analysis by case study of the role of the institutional framework in the in the co-ordination of water resource management and urban and regional planning with particular reference to the control of land uses and land management practices in the catchment areas of water storages." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1987. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36254/1/36254_Bowie_1991.pdf.
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The role of urban and regional planning in the process of
government has expanded considerably in recent years. The
last two decades have seen unparalleled growth in the
breadth and sophistication of planning schemes throughout
Australia yet during this period attempts to relate land use planning to the other activities of government have met with limited success resulting in a complex mix of land use controls for various purposes. This study examines, in the context of the management of water storage catchments, the relationships between those agencies interested in the control of land uses for water quality purposes and the traditional land use planning authorities, with particular reference to the way in which the institutional framework of government provides for co-ordination between them.
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Monteiro, Fernando C. "Region-based spatial and temporal image segmentation." Doctoral thesis, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Engenharia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/1835.
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This work discusses region-based representations for image and video sequence segmentation. It presents effective image segmentation techniques and demonstrates how these techniques may be integrated into algorithms that solve some of the motion segmentation problems. The region-based representation offers a way to perform a first level of abstraction and to reduce the number of elements to process with respect to the classical pixel-based representation.
Motion segmentation is a fundamental technique for the analysis and the understanding of image sequences of real scenes. Motion segmentation 'describes' the sequence as sets of pixels moving coherently across one sequence with associated motions. This description is essential to the identification of the objects in the scene and to a more efficient manipulation of video sequences.
This thesis presents a hybrid framework based on the combination of spatial and motion information for the segmentation of moving objects in image sequences accordingly with their motion. We formulate the problem as graph labelling over a region moving graph where nodes correspond coherently to moving atomic regions. This is a flexible high-level representation which individualizes moving independent objects. Starting from an over-segmentation of the image, the objects are formed by merging neighbouring regions together based on their mutual spatial and temporal similarity, taking spatial and motion information into account with the emphasis being on the second. Final segmentation is obtained by a spectral-based graph cuts approach.
The initial phase for the moving object segmentation aims to reduce image noise without destroying the topological structure of the objects by anisotropic bilateral filtering. An initial spatial partition into a set of homogeneous regions is obtained by the watershed transform. Motion vector of each region is estimated by a variational approach. Next a region moving graph is constructed by a combination of normalized similarity between regions where mean intensity of the regions, gradient magnitude between regions, and motion information of the regions are considered. The motion similarity measure among regions is based on human perceptual characteristics. Finally, a spectral-based graph cut approach clusters and labels each moving region.
The motion segmentation approach is based on a static image segmentation method proposed by the author of this dissertation. The main idea is to use atomic regions to guide a segmentation using the intensity and the gradient information through a similarity graph-based approach. This method produces simpler segmentations, less over-segmented and compares favourably with the state-of-the-art methods. To evaluate the segmentation results a new evaluation metric is proposed, which takes into attention the way humans perceive visual information.
By incorporating spatial and motion information simultaneously in a region-based framework, we can visually obtain meaningful segmentation results. Experimental results of the proposed technique performance are given for different image sequences with or without camera motion and for still images. In the last case a comparison with the state-of-the-art approaches is made.
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Gillilan, John Allen. "Correlation and characterization of water quality and land use and land cover in the Baker's Run Watershed, WV, Mid-Atlantic Region." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3260.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 99 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-71).
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Pelletier, Luc. "Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes of three peatlands in the La Grande Rivière watershed, James Bay lowland, Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98765.
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Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes were measured between May 2003 and August 2004 on vegetated surfaces and pools of three peatlands located in the La Grande Riviere watershed, James Bay lowland, Quebec, Canada. Gas flux measurements were made using static chambers on a variety of sites in the three peatlands, chosen to represent the different biotypes present, from hummocks with water table position 35 cm below the surface to pools 100 cm deep.<br>Average CH4 fluxes for the different biotypes on vegetated surfaces sampled during summer 2003 ranged from 3.5 to 197 mg m-2 d-1 while summer 2004 average floating chamber pool fluxes ranged between 6.2 and 3165 mg CH4 m-2 d -1. Mean daily CH4 fluxes on vegetated surface are strongly correlated (r2 > 0.75) with summer average water table depth, greater fluxes occurring where water table is close to the surface. The vegetated surface CH4 fluxes were also correlated with peat temperature as fluxes increase with increasing peat temperature during the summer.<br>Most net ecosystem productivity values calculated for the different biotypes in the three peatlands showed release of CO2 during both early and mid growing season periods. An annual budget calculated for the LG2 peatland showed that the peatland emitted CO2 to the atmosphere at a rate of 0.77 g m-2 d-1. The overall release of CO 2 may have been caused in part by dry conditions in the peatlands during summer 2003, due to high temperature and low precipitation.
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Dayyani, Dardashti Shadi. "Modeling hydrology and nitrogen fate and transport in a tile-drained agricultural watershed in a cold region." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:8881/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92284.
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Barbosa, Humberto. "Vegetation Dynamics Over the Northeast Region of Brazil and Their Connections With Climate Variability During the Last Two Decades of the Twentieth Century." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_2004_188_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Filho, Paulo Alves Silva. "Estudo de dinâmicas de paisagens no baixo curso do Rio Ipojuca, Pernambuco: potencial para sustentabilidade socioeconômica e cultural da região." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-16112010-131426/.
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Um dos grandes desafios na esfera do planejamento e gestão ambiental reside na necessidade de superar as distintas formas de regionalização. Desde os primórdios são inúmeros os esforços de unificação de bases que permitam uma gestão conciliatória de limites e intervenções no espaço. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a dinâmica de paisagens no Baixo Curso do Rio Ipojuca (Pernambuco), possibilitando a identificação de diferentes níveis de complexidade para o planejamento e gestão dessa área objeto, a partir das transformações e permanências de atividades econômicas responsáveis pela dinâmica sócio-espacial da área. O recorte aqui adotado tem sua escolha justificada por pontos de pressão que caracterizam significativos impactos na dinâmica da bacia em sua totalidade, sendo estes: a presença do Complexo Portuário-Industrial de Suape e a existência secular de atividades em larga escala relacionadas à produção e transformação da cana-de-açúcar. O entendimento de paisagem neste trabalho se dá de forma sistêmica e integrada, pela qual os constituintes abióticos, bióticos e antrópicos são compreendidos de forma interdependente. A análise dessas paisagens possibilitou uma aproximação de sua atual configuração, assim como projetaram-se tendências no sentido das alteração mediante alteração, introdução ou ainda modificação de seu padrão por meio de grandes empreendimentos estatais e privados. O Complexo Industrial Portuário de Suape recebe uma atenção maior, já que apresenta uma um contexto em termos de planejamento totalmente diferenciado do seu entorno, a partir da verificação de uma regionalização que privilegia aspectos socioeconômicos e coloca os elementos / recursos naturais em segundo plano. A sobreposição desse quadro junto à uma análise regional por meio de dados estatísticos apontam para um direcionamento de total modificação da região, demandando urgentemente novas políticas de planejamento voltadas para a geração de um quadro de sustentabilidade socioeconômica e cultural.<br>One of the greatest challenges in environmental planning and management is related to the need of overcoming the different regionalization forms. Since the beginnings, several are the unifying the basis efforts which allow a conciliatory limits management and space interventions. This project aims to analyze the landscape dynamics of the lower course of Ipojuca River (Pernambuco) enabling the identification of different complexity levels towards the planning and management of this object area, from the transformations and continuities of economic activities responsible for the dynamic of the socio-spatial area. The cutting choice here proposed if justified by the pressure points which characterize significant impacts in the dynamic of the basin in its whole such as: the presence of Suapes port-industry complex and the century existence of large scale activities related to sugar cane production and transformation. The landscape understanding in this work is presented in a systemic and integrated form, which the abiotic, biotic and anthropic components are understood in a interdependent way. These landscapes analysis allowed an approximation of its current configuration, as well as projected trends are towards the amendments, introduction or modification of its standards by large state or private enterprises means. The Suapes Port- Industry Complex receives a greater attention, as it presents a context in planning terms, completely different from its surroundings, since the verification and a regionalization which favors socioeconomic aspects and presents the natural elements/resources in second place. The overlap of such situation along with a regional analysis by statistic data points to a total region modification direction, urgently requiring new planning policies aimed at generating a framework for socioeconomic and cultural sustainability.
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Langlois, Jacques. "Nutrient and sediment movements from soil to surface water in a forested watershed and two agricultural fields." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19751.
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In North America, the acceleration of the eutrophication of surface waters due to nutrient pollution is still present. Soil studies have not entirely succeeded in linking nutrient and sediment losses to field hydrology because relationships between discharge and dissolved ions/sediments are complicated by a hysteresis effect which has been only described qualitatively. The objective of this thesis was to better understand the effects of hydrology on N, P, and sediment transfer from agricultural and forest soils to surface waters. This was done by developing a technique, called the H index, to quantify the hysteretic behaviour of ion and sediment transport in stream/overland water. The chemical and sediment concentrations in a stream of a forested watershed in the Sierra Nevada during snowmelt and in overland runoff of two agricultural fields during rain events in the Montreal area were examined. In the stream of the forested watershed, H indices for suspended sediment increased (looser hysteresis loop) with the availability of sediments and the lag between peaks in suspended sediment concentrations and discharge. In agricultural fields, nutrient concentrations increased with time during each event with presence of counterclockwise and clockwise hysteresis. The hysteretic behaviour of suspended sediments was not significantly related with either prior soil moisture content or rainfall characteristics. In order to simultaneously monitor P and N in the stream and soils of the forested watershed, a laboratory study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of various mixedbed exchange resins in absorbing dissolved organic and inorganic N and P. Results showed that mixed-bed resin was adequate for characterizing P on a short-time scale but longer exposure periods were required for N. Results from the resin exchange reveal the possibility that the spring time pulse of NOs'-N in stream water was due to the melting of the snowpack.
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Twitchell, Sara Erin. "Evaluating the Effects of Road Crossing Structures on Stream-Associated Amphibians in the Wilson River Watershed, Tillamook State Forest, Oregon." Thesis, Portland State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1535858.
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<p> As replacement and removal of undersized culverts gains momentum as an effective technique for restoring natural stream flows and removing fish passage barriers, it is important to evaluate the benefits of these efforts on the in-stream and adjacent riparian habitat for other species of potential concern. This study compares stream-associated amphibian (SAA) occurrence in streams adjacent to different road crossing structures on unpaved forest roads in the Wilson River watershed located within the Tillamook State Forest, Oregon. Surveys were conducted at road crossing structures for three taxa of SAA; Pacific giant salamander (<i>Dicamptodon tenebrosus</i>), coastal tailed frog (<i>Ascaphus truei</i>), and Columbia torrent salamander (<i>Rhyacotriton kezeri</i>). Statistical models were created to analyze the effect of habitat variables on SAA occupancy, and determine whether those variables changed relative to road crossing structures. </p><p> Results showed that coastal tailed frog occupancy was positively associated with dissolved oxygen and crayfish presence, negatively associated with longitude, and had a slight quadratic relationship to channel confinement. Because all sites were highly saturated with oxygen, percent dissolved oxygen was likely a surrogate for one or more other covariates, such as in-stream habitat or substrate size. Detection rates of Pacific giant salamander were too high and detection rates of Columbia torrent salamander were too low to provide reliable models, but they did provide some insight into the factors affecting occupancy in the study area, including information about their interactions with road crossing structures. Occupancy rates of Pacific giant salamanders in the study area appear to be unaffected by road crossings, fish passable or otherwise. Conversely, torrent salamanders seemed to be mostly absent from the study sites altogether, but based on the one stream where they were detected, they are not excluded from occupying fish barrier culvert sites. </p><p> Top weighted habitat covariates, including dissolved oxygen, channel confinement, crayfish and fish presence, and flow constriction are all indicators of disturbance that can be linked to road crossings. Although the size and structure of road crossings did not prove to significantly influence SAA occupancy, indicators of stream disturbance that can be related to road crossings were included in the best models for predicting occupancy, demonstrating the importance of reducing disturbance related to road crossings on streams.</p>
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Sparkman, Michael D. "The North Texas Region and the Development of Water Resources in the Trinity River Basin of Texas, 1840-1998." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278226/.
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This study focuses on the development of water resources in the Trinity River basin for navigation, flood control, water supply, recreation, and allied purposes. Special emphasis is given to the development of the upper Trinity River basin through the influence of community leaders in Dallas and Fort Worth. A desire harbored for generations by upper basin residents for creating a navigable waterway on the Trinity River coalesced in the twentieth century into a well organized movement for all facets of water resources development. Sources include correspondence, speeches, and promotional materials of civic leaders, politicians, and other citizens, as well as works by the United States Army Corps of Engineers.
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Demirkol, Onur Ali. "Segmentation Of Torso Ct Images." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607431/index.pdf.
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Medical imaging modalities provide effective information for anatomic or
metabolic activity of tissues and organs in the body. Therefore, medical
imaging technology is a critical component in diagnosis and treatment of
various illnesses. Medical image segmentation plays an important role in
converting medical images into anatomically, functionally or surgically
identifiable structures, and is used in various applications. In this study,
some of the major medical image segmentation methods are examined and
applied to 2D CT images of upper torso for segmentation of heart, lungs,
bones, and muscle and fat tissues. The implemented medical image
segmentation methods are thresholding, region growing, watershed
transformation, deformable models and a hybrid method<br>watershed
transformation and region merging. Moreover, a comparative analysis is
performed among these methods to obtain the most efficient segmentation
method for each tissue and organ in torso. Some improvements are
proposed for increasing accuracy of some image segmentation methods.
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Pitombeira, Sheila Cavalcante. "Basin as a parameter for territorial planning in the semiarid region of the institutional environment: The basin of Jaguaribe river, CearÃ, Brasil." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14781.
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nÃo hÃ<br>This research highlights the advisability of adopting the Basin as a parameter for territorial planning in the semiarid region, in face of the vicissitudes of climate and regional interest to promote environmental development. It demonstrates the importance of the state since its emergence in modernity and highlights the institutionalization of power since then, contributing to the improvement of the institutional environment throughout its territory. The core idea developed is that the state is endowed with power, being responsible for disciplining of subjects of interest to the community, amongst them water or water resources, it is required to pay attention to regional differences existing Âin its territory, in particular the semiarid, and to promote government actions benefiting everyone equally without distinction. The methodology used was through a literature review of the legal framework devoted to the structure of water and / or water resources and watersheds, comparing that information with historical records around the approach to public policies carried out during periods of drought and with socioeconomic criteria guiding public policy or government policies in these geographic areas. ÂThe informations of the territories citizenship of CearÃ, as to notice the various conceptual dimensions of these geographic areas, watershed territory and citizenship. Finally, the analysis of how the dimensions of the territory of citizenship can (inter) relate to the watershed territorial unit , giving them affinities, similarities and differences aiming to a comparative study of their equivalences in promoting sustainable development, according to indexes from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. From this comparison chart, it is possible to show that the basin should be the unit for implementation of territorial planning in the semiarid.<br>O trabalho pÃe em evidÃncia a conveniÃncia de adotar a Bacia HidrogrÃfica como parÃmetro de planejamento territorial na regiÃo semiÃrida, ante as vicissitudes climÃticas e o interesse regional de promover o desenvolvimento socioambiental. Demonstra a importÃncia do Estado desde seu surgimento na modernidade e realÃa a institucionalizaÃÃo do Poder a partir de entÃo, contribuindo para o aperfeiÃoamento desse ambiente institucional em todo o seu territÃrio. A ideia central desenvolvida à que sendo o Estado dotado de Poder, competindo-lhe o disciplinamento dos assuntos de interesse da coletividade, dentre eles a Ãgua ou recursos hÃdricos, compete-lhe atentar para as diferenÃas regionais existentes em seu territÃrio, em particular o semiÃrido, promovendo aÃÃes governamentais que beneficiem a todos indistintamente. A metodologia utilizada se deu por meio de levantamento bibliogrÃfico sobre o Estado e o ambiente institucional brasileiro, bem como do arcabouÃo jurÃdico devotado ao regime das Ãguas ou recursos hÃdricos e bacias hidrogrÃficas, confrontando essas informaÃÃes com os registros histÃricos em torno da abordagem das polÃticas pÃblicas realizadas nos perÃodos de estiagens e com os critÃrios socioeconÃmicos orientadores dessas polÃticas ou das polÃticas de governo nesses espaÃos geogrÃficos. Tais registros demonstram que, no CearÃ, cujo territÃrio à abrangido pelo semiÃrido em quase totalidade, onde a Ãgua possui significativo valor econÃmico e social, como se observa com o Rio Jaguaribe, e seu percurso permite verificar algumas dimensÃes conceituais desses espaÃos geogrÃficos, dentre eles a territorialidade, a bacia hidrogrÃfica à ignorada como parÃmetro territorial para seu desenvolvimento socioambiental. De sorte que, sendo o Estado do Cearà localizado no semiÃrido e sazonalmente exposto Ãs estiagens, a bacia hidrogrÃfica deveria ser a unidade territorial preponderante para implementaÃÃo do planejamento territorial, conciliando o desiderato legal de ser a unidade territorial para a polÃtica de recursos hÃdricos e inter-relacionando com outras unidades administrativas
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Funkhouser, Lyndsey Karin. "Determination of the location of the groundwater divide and nature of groundwater flow paths within a region of active stream capture; the New River watershed." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64286.
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The relatively rapid stream capture of the New River basin by the Roanoke River basin provides a unique example of topographic change within a tectonically inactive environment. A previous investigation of abandoned river deposits has shown the capture of ~225 km2 of New River basin area, which has caused approximately 250 m of incision by the Roanoke River (Prince et al., 2011). Difference in base level elevations between the lower Roanoke to the higher New River could be the source of potential energy driving rapid incision (Prince et al., 2011). Significant incongruities in base level elevations at the boundaries of an aquifer can steepen the gradient and shift the groundwater divide further toward the higher elevation boundary (Yechieli et al., 2009).
If a steep groundwater gradient and expanded groundwater basin exists beneath the Roanoke River tributaries, this would suggest a groundwater control on incision and capture. In this investigation we incorporate average total head, measured from 18 domestic wells, and constant-head river boundary conditions into numerical models to calculate water levels and gradients between the rivers. We also utilized thermal patterns and particle tracking of spring locations to better understand flow paths in the region. Our results show the groundwater divide is shifted toward the higher elevation boundary, indicating that the groundwater basin is captured prior to surface capture. Flow pathways utilized by groundwater capture can be either diffuse or conduits, however further work should be done to better understand travel times and flow depths.<br>Master of Science
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Yorke, Charles. "Analyzing land use and land cover change in Densu River Basin in Ghana a remote sensing and GIS approach /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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Hoyer, Robert Wesley. "Scenario Development and Analysis of Freshwater Ecosystem Services under Land Cover and Climate Change in the Tualatin and Yamhill River Basins, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1512.
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Humans make decisions within ecosystems to enhance their well-being, but choices can lead to unintended consequences. The ecosystem services (ES) approach supports decision-making that considers all environmental goods and services. Many challenges remain in the implementation of the ES approach like how specific ES vary through space and time. We address this research problem using the Tualatin and Yamhill river basins in northwestern Oregon as a study area. Freshwater ES are quantified and mapped with the spatially-explicit ES modeling tool, Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST). In chapter II, we develop a simple urban land cover change modeling approach with selected stakeholder input. The products of this analysis are used in part to answer the question of how the freshwater ES of water yield, nutrient retention, and sediment retention will change in the future, and how their distribution potentially will change? In chapter III, these ES are modeled in InVEST using the land cover scenarios and three downscaled global climate models. The base period is 1981 to 2010 and the future period is 2036 to 2065. The models are calibrated to empirical estimates, and display different sensitivities to inputs. Water yield increases with higher rainfall but decreases with the highest temperature scenario. Nutrient export and retention estimates are positively correlated. In the Tualatin basin, more urban lands generally lead to increases in nutrient exports and retention. The effect is reversed in the Yamhill basin from much larger agricultural exports. Sediment exports and retention increase with higher winter rainfall but are negatively spatially correlated due to topographic effects. Simulation of a landscape scale installation of riparian buffers leads to decreases in exports and increases in retention. The distribution of the provision of freshwater ES remains unchanged throughout the scenarios. With few parameters in each InVEST model, all display a high degree of sensitivity. Parameterization is subject to high uncertainty even with calibrated values. We discuss the assumptions and limitations of InVEST's freshwater models. The spatially explicit nature of InVEST is its main advantage. This work coupled with other analyses in the study area can facilitate the identification of tradeoffs amongst ES leading to better ecosystem management.
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Wimberly, Brent. "Identification of spatiotemporal nutrient patterns and associated ecohydrological trends in the tampa bay coastal region." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/642.
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Improvements for environmental monitoring and assessment were achieved to advance our understanding of sea-land interactions and nutrient cycling in a coastal bay.; The comprehensive assessment techniques for monitoring of water quality of a coastal bay can be diversified via an extensive investigation of the spatiotemporal nutrient patterns and the associated eco-hydrological trends in a coastal urban region. With this work, it is intended to thoroughly investigate the spatiotemporal nutrient patterns and associated eco-hydrological trends via a two part inquiry of the watershed and its adjacent coastal bay. The findings show that the onset of drought lags the crest of the evapotranspiration and precipitation curve during each year of drought. During the transition year, ET and precipitation appears to start to shift back into the analogous temporal pattern as the 2005 wet year. NDVI shows a flat receding tail for the September crest in 2005 due to the hurricane impact signifying that the hurricane event in October dampening the severity of the winter dry season in which alludes to relative system memory. The k-means model with 8 clusters is the optimal choice, in which cluster 2 at Lower Tampa Bay had the minimum values of total nitrogen (TN) concentrations, chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentrations, and ocean color values in every season as well as the minimum concentration of total phosphorus (TP) in three consecutive seasons in 2008. Cluster 5, located in Middle Tampa Bay, displayed elevated TN concentrations, ocean color values, and Chl-a concentrations, suggesting that high colored dissolved organic matter values are linked with some nutrient sources. The data presented by the gravity modeling analysis indicate that the Alafia River Basin is the major contributor of nutrients in terms of both TP and TN values in all seasons. Such ecohydrological evaluation can be applied for supporting the LULC management of climatic vulnerable regions as well as further enrich the comprehensive assessment techniques for estimating and examining the multi-temporal impacts and dynamic influence of urban land use and land cover.<br>B.S.C.E.<br>Bachelors<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Civil Engineering
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Darbas, Toni School of Science & Technology Studies UNSW. "Democracy, consultation and socio-environmental degradation : diagnostic insights from the Western Sydney/Hawkesbury-Nepean region." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Science and Technology Studies, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19281.
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The use of community consultation to address socio-environmental degradation is entwined with contested democratic principles polarising views of its role. I frame this problem by examining three democratic paradigms faced with two contemporary problems. The deliberative argument that preferences require enrichment with debate mediates between the liberal-aggregative view that preferences are individual, private and amenable to aggregation and the view that participation in public life is foundational. Viewing consultation as deliberative reconciles the liberal-aggregative view of consultation as the illegitimate elevation of unrepresentative minority groups with the participationist view that consultation constitutes a step towards participatory democracy. Theorists of social reflexivity, however, point to an elided politics of knowledge challenging technoscience's exemption from politically garnered consent. Also neglected by much democratic theory is how functional differentiation renders self-referential legal, political, technoscientific and administrative domains increasingly unaccountable. I employ Habermas' procedural theory that public spheres allow social irritations into the political domain where they can be encoded into laws capable of systemic interjection in response, along with a dialogic extension accommodating the politics of knowledge. I then use this procedural-dialogic deliberative understanding of democracy to elucidate the context and outcomes of the NSW State's consultative strategy. The NSW state, institutionally compelled to underwrite economic growth, implicating itself in that growth's socio-environmental side effects provoking widespread contestation. The resulting Environmental Planning and Assessment Act (1979) and its adjunctive consultative provisions helped highlight the socio-environmental degradation of the Hawkesbury Nepean River Catchment via Western Sydney's urban sprawl, politicising the region. The convenement of a consultative forum to oversee a contaminated site audit within the region facilitated incisive lay critique of the technoscientific underpinnings of administrative underwriting of socio-environmental degradation. The discomforted NSW State tightened environmental policy, gutted the EP&A Act's consultative provisions and removed regional dialogic forums and institutions. I conclude that the socio-economic accord equating economic growth with social progress is both entrenched and besieged, destabilising the political/administrative/technoscientific regime built upon it. This withdrawal of avenues for critique risks deeper estrangement between reflexive society and the NSW State generative of electoral volatility.
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Stone, Neal A. "The role of land stewardship and sedimentation management in the Upper Wascana Creek Watershed in the long-term maintenance of the Saskatchewan capital region and preservation of existing Wascana Lake functions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23515.pdf.
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Mellen, E. Garnett. "The Appalachian cultural landscape along the New River." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06102009-063233/.
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El, Merabet Youssef. "Segmentation d'images couleur par combinaison LPE-régions/LPE-contours et fusion de régions. Application à la segmentation de toitures à partir d'orthophotoplans." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001996.
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D'un point de vue général, les travaux de recherche de cette thèse s'inscrivent dans le cadre d'une approche globale quiconsiste à extraire des informations relatives aux toitures de bâtiments à partir de photos aériennes (orthophotoplans). L'objectifétant de pouvoir reconnaître des toitures extraites d'images aériennes en utilisant une base de connaissances, puisaffiner/déformer des modèles 3D générés automatiquement à partir de données géographiques. Pour cela, une premièreétape consiste tout d'abord à partitionner l'image aérienne en différentes régions d'intérêt (pans de toiture, cheminées,chiens assis, fenêtres, etc.), c'est la contribution de cette thèse.La méthodologie permettant d'atteindre cet objectif est composée de trois étapes : (i) Une étape de simplification qui consisteà simplifier l'image initiale avec un couple invariant/gradient approprié et optimisé pour l'application. Pour cela, unesérie de tests permettant de choisir, d'une part, l'invariant colorimétrique le plus approprié parmi 24 invariants et, d'autrepart, le meilleur gradient parmi 14 gradients issus de la littérature est réalisée. (ii) La deuxième étape comporte deux stratégiesde segmentation par LPE. L'image simplifiée est segmentée d'une part par une LPE-régions couplée à une stratégiede fusion de régions, et d'autre part, par une LPE-contours. Le processus de fusion de régions intègre des critères defusion fondés sur des grandeurs radiométriques et géométriques adaptés aux particularités des orthophotoplans traités.Une technique de caractérisation 2D des arêtes de toitures par une analyse des segments est proposée afin de calculerl'un des critères de fusion. (iii) La troisième étape consiste à combiner les avantages de chaque méthode dans un mêmeschéma de segmentation coopératif afin d'aboutir à un résultat de segmentation fiable. Les tests ont été effectués sur unorthophotoplan contenant 100 toitures de complexité variée et évaluées avec le critère de VINET utilisant une segmentationde référence afin de prouver la robustesse et la fiabilité de l'approche proposée. Une étape de comparaison permettantde situer les résultats obtenus via notre approche proposée par rapport à ceux obtenus pas les principales méthodes desegmentation de la littérature est finalement effectuée.
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Duke, Guy D., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "A GIS expert system for the delineation of watersheds in low-relief regions with rural infrastructure." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2003, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/203.
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Grid-based digital elevation models (DEMs) are used to simulate overland flow paths in hydrological models. The accuracy of these drainage patterns are dependent upon how well the DEM represents the terrain features that control runoff patterns. Often regional DEMs are not produced at scales small enough to represent rural infrastructure. The scale of runoff patterns that can be accurately modeled is, therefore, restricted, particularly when the terrain is relatively flat. The RIDEM (Rural Infrastructure Digital Elevation Model) model is presented that utilizes commonly available ancillary data to downscale grid-based runoff patterns. The resulting drainage patterns reflect drainage modifications imposed by rural infrastructure including: roads, ditches, culverts, and irrigation canals. Downscaling runoff patterns enables the completion of runoff studies at smaller scales. The model was implemented with the Oldman River watershed, Alberta, Canada to determine the spatial patterns of potential runoff contributing areas in three agricultural watersheds regularly contaminated by pathogens.<br>vii, 170 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm.
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Rodriguez, Osuna Vanesa [Verfasser], and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Heinrich. "Targeting watershed protection in the Guapiaçu-Macacu region of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil: An environmental and economic assessment of the potential for a payment for ecosystem services scheme / Vanesa Rodriguez Osuna ; Betreuer: Jürgen Heinrich." Köln : Technische Hochschule Köln, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1130783642/34.
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Mitchell, W. A. "Glaciation of upper Wensleydale and adjoining watershed regions." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322134.
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Forrest, Margaret Anne. "Stewardship as partnership : a comparative study of positive human-environment relationships in East Cree and suburban Montreal communities." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99590.
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This study suggests that cultural acknowledgement of the integral partnership between a human community and the environment it inhabits is central to the development of positive human-environment relationships. The comparison of two community environmental projects illustrates cultural implications of human land occupancy through comparisons of their governing land use institutions as well as social and individual experiences. In the Paakumshumwaau-Wemindji project environmental responsibility is strongly motivated by the interaction of shared cosmological understandings with direct experience in the landscape. The creation of Edgewater Park in suburban Pointe Claire is a clear indication of community environmental responsibility working its way towards new partnerships with lakeshore ecological communities. The fundamental difference in these partnerships inheres however in the distinct ways the two human communities understand the voice of the non-human elements within the partnership.
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Semmens, Darius James. "Geomorphic modeling and routing improvements for GIS-based watershed assessment in arid regions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_2004_140_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Fish, Suzanne K. "Agriculture and society in arid lands a Hohokam case study /." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1993_589_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Arizona, 1993.<br>"In addition to chapters [leaves 20-57] unique to the dissertation, ten papers are included that were published during the period of doctoral enrollment"--Leaf 19. Includes bibliographical references.
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Overby, Steven, and Malchus B. Jr Baker. "Sediment and Nutrient Regime from a Central Arizona Chaparral Watershed." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296479.
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From the Proceedings of the 1995 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 22, 1995, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
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Weir, Arnold. "Driving tour of the Upper Wakarusa Watershed." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3865.
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Goff, Bruce Franklin. "Dynamics of canopy structure and soil surface cover in a semiarid grassland." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1985_503_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Rodrigues, Joseilson Oliveira. "Land use and the hydrologic response in small watersheds of semiarid regions." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5301.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico<br>This work was carried out to evaluate and to compare the hydrologic and sedimentologic behaviour of small rural catchments in the semiarid Northeast of Brazil, as well as to asses the influence of the anthropogenic action over soil and water resources. The study of theses processes is very important for the definition of strategies to a better management of small watersheds and the definition of sustainability plans. The study area is located in the Alto Jaguaribe basin, in the Iguatu County, State of CearÃ, Brazil. Four small catchments B1, B2, B3 and B4, neibor to each other, were delimited and equipped with Parshall flumes, water level sensors, rain-gauges and automatic sediment samplers, aiming hydrossedimentologic studies under natural rainfall conditions. In this research, the areas of studied catchments areas are smaller than three ha. In the B1 part of cover vegetation was cut, making it possible to assess the influence of changes in the vegetation cover over runoff, peak discharge and sediment yield. In the others catchments (B2, B3 and B4), cover vegetation was keeping in undisturbed condition, representing the natural condition in the semiarid region of northeast Brazil. The data analysed comprises the hydrologic year of 2009 on the four experimental unities and some events on the months of January, February and March of 2008 on the small catchment B2. Despite the proximity of the monitored unities, the results show high spatial and temporal variability of the hydrossedimentologic answer, and the antecedent soil moisture as the main variable responsible for such modifications. It was observed that lowering the density of the Caatinga vegetation influenced runoff and sediment yield, with greater effects over the first events. Accumulated sediment yield reached values of 1.45, 1.39 and 0.12 ton.ha-1 for the micro-catchments B1, B2 e B4, respectively, at the end of the year 2009. Among all investigated catchments, B3 presented the highest values of runoff and peak discharges, with runoff coefficient average around 28%. The B4 experimental unit had a hydrossedimentologic behaviour very different from the other catchments, showing the lowest values of peak discharge, runoff and sediment yield, and this behaviour can be explained to the soil characteristics. The results presented in this study contribute with important information for the hydrossedimentologic study of semiarid regions, and can be used to guide further research in small catchments with ephemeral regime.<br>O objetivo central desse trabalho foi avaliar e comparar o comportamento hidrolÃgico e sedimentolÃgico em pequenas bacias rurais no semiÃrido nordestino, verificando a influÃncia da aÃÃo antrÃpica sobre os recursos solo e Ãgua. O estudo desses processos à de suma importÃncia na definiÃÃo de estratÃgias para o melhor gerenciamento de pequenas bacias hidrogrÃficas e na definiÃÃo de planos de sustentabilidade. A Ãrea de investigaÃÃo localiza-se na bacia do Alto Jaguaribe, mais precisamente no municÃpio de Iguatu, na regiÃo conhecida como Centro Sul do estado do CearÃ. A Ãrea experimental à composta por quatro microbacias com denominaÃÃo de B1, B2, B3 e B4 localizadas prÃximas entre si, foram delimitadas e equipadas com calhas Parshall, sensores de nÃvel de Ãgua, pluviÃgrafos e coletores automÃticos de sedimentos visando estudos hidrossedimentolÃgicos em condiÃÃes de chuva natural. Nessa pesquisa as Ãreas das bacias em avaliaÃÃo nÃo excederam 3 hectares, sendo na microbacia B1 aplicado um tratamento (raleamento), que permitiu avaliar a influÃncia da alteraÃÃo na cobertura vegetal da Caatinga sobre o escoamento superficial, descarga mÃxima e produÃÃo de sedimentos. As demais microbacias experimentais B2, B3 e B4 foram mantidas inalteradas, sem intervenÃÃo antrÃpica, representando condiÃÃes naturais de pequenas bacias rurais do semiÃrido do nordeste. Os dados analisados abrangem toda a estaÃÃo chuvosa de 2009 nas quatro unidades experimentais e alguns eventos nos meses de janeiro, fevereiro e marÃo de 2008 na microbacia B2. Apesar da proximidade entre as unidades de monitoramento, os resultados revelaram grande variabilidade espaÃo-temporal das respostas hidrossedimentolÃgicas, sendo a umidade anterior do solo a variÃvel de destaque na modificaÃÃo destas. Os resultados mostraram que a prÃtica de raleamento da Caatinga teve influÃncia na alteraÃÃo do escoamento superficial e produÃÃo de sedimentos, sendo os efeitos maiores sobre os primeiros eventos. A produÃÃo acumulada de sedimentos atingiu ao final de 2009 valores de 1,45; 1,39 e 0,12 ton ha-1 para as microbacias B1, B2 e B4, respectivamente. De todas as microbacias investigadas, B3 apresentou os maiores valores de escoamento superficial, e descargas mÃximas, com coeficiente de escoamento mÃdio em torno de 86%. A unidade experimental B4 mostrou-se com comportamento hidrossedimentolÃgico bastante diferenciado das demais microbacias, sendo nesta encontrado as menores magnitudes de descarga mÃxima, escoamento superficial e produÃÃo de sedimentos, comportamento este associado principalmente Ãs caracterÃsticas fÃsicas do solo da microbacia. Os resultados encontrados fornecem elementos importantes no campo hidrossedimentolÃgico em regiÃes semiÃridas, podendo ser empregados para nortear pesquisas futuras em microbacias com escoamento efÃmero.
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Washburne, James Clarke. "A distributed surface temperature and energy balance model of a semi-arid watershed." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186800.
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A simple model of surface and sub-surface soil temperature was developed at the watershed scale (-100 km²) in a semi-arid rangeland environment. The model consisted of a linear combination of air temperature and net radiation and assumed: (1) topography controls the spatial distribution of net radiation, (2) near-surface air temperature and incoming solar radiation are relatively homogeneous at the watershed scale and are available from ground stations and (3) soil moisture dominates transient soil thermal property variability. Multiplicative constants were defined to account for clear sky diffuse radiation, soil thermal inertia, an initially fixed ratio between soil heat flux and net radiation and exponential attenuation of solar radiation through a partial canopy. The surface temperature can optionally be adjusted for temperature and emissivity differences between mixed bare soil and vegetation canopies. Model development stressed physical simplicity and commonly available spatial and temporal data sets. Slowly varying surface characteristics, such as albedo, vegetation density and topography were derived from a series of Landsat TM images and a 7.5" USGS digital elevation model at a spatial resolution of 30 m. Diurnally variable atmospheric parameters were derived from a pair of ground meteorological stations using 30-60 min averages. One site was used to drive the model, the other served as a control to estimate model error. Data collected as part of the Monsoon '90 and WG '92 field experiments over the ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in SE Arizona were used to validate and test the model. Point, transect and spatially distributed values of modeled surface temperature were compared with synchronous ground, aircraft and satellite thermal measurements. There was little difference between ground and aircraft measurements of surface reflectance and temperature which makes aircraft transects the preferred method to "ground truth" satellite observations. Mid-morning modeled surface temperatures were within 2° C of observed values at all but satellite scales, where atmospheric water vapor corrections complicate the determination of accurate temperatures. The utility of satellite thermal measurements and models to study various ground phenomena (e.g. soil thermal inertia and surface energy balance) were investigated. Soil moisture anomalies were detectable, but were more likely associated with average near-surface soil moisture levels than individual storm footprints.
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Emanuel, Robert. "Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Regional and State Water Management." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146910.
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19 pp.<br>"Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Geology, Geomorphology and Soils
Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Watershed Ecology
Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Working Together
Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Hydrology
Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Fire in Watersheds
Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Climate<br>Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide was created to help individuals and groups build a mutual foundation of basic knowledge about watersheds in Arizona. It is intended to help Arizonans understand and be good stewards of their watersheds. The guide was designed to compliment the mission of Arizona Master Watershed Steward program to educate and train citizens across the state of Arizona to serve as volunteers in the monitoring, restoration, conservation, and protection of their water and watersheds. The guide consists of 10 self-contained modules which teach about one or more important aspects of watershed science or management.
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Pavlík, Jan. "Analýza cytologických snímků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219507.
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This master’s thesis is focused on automating the process of differential leukocyte count in peripherial blood using image processing. It deals with the design of the processing of digital images - from scanning and image preprocessing, segmentation nucleus and cytoplasm, feature selection and classifier, including testing on a set of images that were scanned in the context of this work. This work introduces used segmentation methods and classification procedures which separate nucleus and the cytoplasm of leukocytes. A statistical analysis is performed on the basis of these structures. Following adequate statistical parameters, a set of features has been chosen. This data then go through a classification process realized by three artificial neural networks. Overall were classified 5 types of leukocytes: neutropfiles, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophiles and basophiles. The sensitivity and specificity of the classification made for 4 out of 5 leukocyte types (neutropfiles, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophiles) is higher than 90 %. Sensitivity of classiffication basophiles was evaluated at 75 % and specificity at 67 %. The total ability of classification has been tested on 111 leukocytes and was approximately 91% successful. All algorithms were created in the MATLAB program.
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Andrade, Eunice Maia de 1956. "Regionalization of average annual runoff models for ungaged watersheds in arid and semiarid regions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282559.
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A prevailing problem in applied hydrology is the estimation of runoff from ungaged small watersheds and drainge basins. In this study, arid and semiarid regions were Grouped according to their climatic, geomorphologic, and soil characteristics, disregarding their geographic position. Eighty watersheds were used in this study from three countries: U.S., Brazil, and Australia. Twenty-two climatic, geomorphologic and soil variables were used for the delineation of homogeneous Groups in the cluster analysis, and two major Groups were defined. The results suggest that homogeneous Groups can be delimited independently of their geographic position. Cluster analysis and Andrews' plot were used for regionalization of the watersheds. The variables used for development of the models for each Group were selected by stepwise multiple regression analysis. The Andrews' plot further examination reinforce the statement that hydrologically similar watersheds are independent of their geographic position. In a preliminary study 60 watersheds were used to determine the most important variables. For Group I, the stepwise multiple regression analysis reduced the available 21 independent variables to three variables: rainfall, soil permeability index, and temperature. For Group II, only two variables were statistically significant (rainfall and watershed form factor). Once the most significant variables were selected, 20 additional watersheds with data were also included in the final study. Upon evaluation of the regression statistics, Group II responded better than Group I. The equations were: UNFORMATTED EQUATION FOLLOWS: Group I "Dry" Q = -68.476 + 0.0784 P + 4.131Temp -3.950Slpr n = 29 R² = 70% SE = 11.16 mm/yr Group II "Wet" Q = 1.29*10⁻¹¹* P⁴·⁴¹* Rf⁻⁰·⁰⁹³ n = 37 R² = 79% SE = 30.52 mm/yr UNFORMATTED EQUATION ENDS Computed annual runoff values for Group II showed a good agreement with observed values, suggesting that the developed equation is good for prediction of the annual runoff water yield. In contrast, predicted values for the Group I showed poor agreement with the observed values, suggesting that the model should be treated with caution.
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Horn, João Francisco Carlexo. "REGIME HIDROLÓGICO DE DUAS MICROBACIAS CONTÍGUAS: UM COMPARATIVO ENTRE USO URBANO E RURAL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7782.
Full textAbstract:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>The human action induces changes in basins natural runoff. Flooding may become more
intense, there may be more immediate and prolonged droughts, an accelerated erosion
process and water quality tends to deteriorate. Thus, this work exposes the need to know the
impact in the runoff caused by the use change and land use with emphasis on urban
space. So, this study aims to evaluate the differences in the runoff between two contiguous
watersheds and with the same area: one being use predominantly agricultural and the other
with primarily urban use. For this, it was necessary to evaluate the urbanization influence on
the hydrologic regime through the water balance, using two small small watershed, one with
54% of its urbanized area - MU and the other covered with natural grassland and areas used
for agriculture - MR, both with the same area of 2.31 km². More specifically, it seeks to
quantify some components of water balance variables to estimate water availability and
evaluate the small discharges, using monthly retention curves of the studied period. Through
the analysis of hydrographs constructed with flow data collected simultaneously each hour in
two small watershed of the events that generated the maximum discharges the different
variations and the maximum discharge generated in the two small watershed were evaluated
using some data collected during the period between January 2011 and October 2011. The
global water balance showed that MU had a 5.1 times greater discharge than the MR, and in
none of the months monitored MR showed a runoff of more than MU, with emphasis on
January and February when it was found the greatest difference in more than 29
times. Analyzing globally the discharges with bigger permanence than 40%, MU presented a
volume disposed 7.9 times greater than the MR and in none of months the volume disposed
in MR was superior to that of MU, which can be explained by the hypothesis that MR has no
underground contribution in its runoff, only in the vadose layer of the soil. Examining the
hydrographs it was showed that the MU presents an acceleration in its runoff causing flow
oscillations in smaller periods than MR presenting its flow peak up to four hours before the
MR, maximum flow rate up to 13,743 L/s, while MR showed a maximum flow of 275 L/s,
representing a difference of 66 times in the urbanization effect within the small
watershed. Therefore, MU showed a higher runoff volume effect of urbanization within the
small watershed and greater water availability than MR, while MR showed a higher loss by
evapotranspiration and soil water infiltration than MU during the period of this research.<br>A ação antrópica provoca alteração no escoamento natural das bacias. As cheias podem se
tornar mais intensas, as estiagens mais imediatas e prolongadas, os processos erosivos
acelerados, enquanto a qualidade da água tende a deteriorar-se. Com isso, a questão que
se coloca neste trabalho é a necessidade de se conhecer o impacto provocado pela
mudança do uso e ocupação do solo, no escoamento, com ênfase no espaço urbano.
Portanto, o presente trabalho objetiva avaliar as diferenças no escoamento entre duas
bacias contíguas e com a mesma área: uma com o uso preponderantemente agrícola e
outra com o uso primordialmente urbano. Para isso, buscou-se avaliar a influência da
urbanização sobre o regime hidrológico por meio do balanço hídrico, utilizando-se duas
microbacias, uma com 54% de sua área urbanizada - MU e a outra coberta por campo
nativo e áreas utilizadas para agricultura MR, ambas com a mesma área de 2,31 km².
Mais especificamente, busca-se quantificar algumas variáveis componentes do balanço
hídrico para estimar a disponibilidade hídrica e avaliar as pequenas vazões, utilizando
curvas de permanência. Por meio da análise de hidrogramas construídos com dados de
vazão coletados simultaneamente, de hora em hora, nas duas microbacias, dos eventos que
geraram as vazões máximas avaliaram-se as diferentes variações de vazão e as máximas
geradas, utilizando os dados coletados no período compreendido entre janeiro e outubro de
2011. O balanço hídrico global mostrou que a MU apresentou um escoamento 5,1 vezes
maior que a MR, e, em nenhum dos meses monitorados, a MR apresentou um deflúvio
superior a MU, merecendo destaque os meses de janeiro e fevereiro, em que se constatou a
maior diferença em mais de 29 vezes. Em relação às vazões com permanência maiores que
40%, analisando de forma global, a MU apresentou volume escoado 7,9 vezes maior do que
a MR, e, em nenhum dos meses, o volume escoado na MR foi superior ao da MU, o que
pode ser explicado pela hipótese de a MR não possuir contribuição subterrânea em seu
deflúvio, somente da camada vadosa do solo. Já a análise dos hidrogramas mostrara que a
MU apresenta uma aceleração em seu escoamento, fazendo com que ocorram oscilações
de vazão em períodos menores que na MR, apresentando o seu pico de vazão até quatro
horas antes do que a MR, vazão máxima de até 13743 L/s, enquanto a MR apresentou uma
vazão máxima de 275 L/s, o que representa uma diferença de 66 vezes, demonstrando o
efeito da urbanização dentro da microbacia. Portanto, para o período da pesquisa, a MU
apresentou maior volume escoado pelo efeito da urbanização dentro da microbacia e maior
disponibilidade hídrica do que a MR, enquanto a MR apresentou maior perda por
evapotranspiração e infiltração de água no solo do que a MU.
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Ffolliott, Peter F., Cody L. Stropki, Gerald J. Gottfried, and Daniel G. Neary. "Initial Estimate of Soil Erosion on the Cascabel Watersheds in the Oak Savannas of the Malpai Borderlands Region." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296637.
Full text
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Ahn, Gi-Choul. "The effect of urbanization on the hydrologic regime of the Big Darby Creek watershed, Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1187107900.
Full text
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Bhangaonkar, Rekha Avinash. "The potential of watershed development for enhancing agricultural livelihood : three essays from the semi-arid regions of India." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2020. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290376.
Full textAbstract:
The Watershed Development Programme has gained growing support among development policy planners since the 1980s in India. This programme is designed to facilitate sustainable rural development by building irrigation capacity of the, otherwise, rainfed agricultural regions. Irrigation capacity is built via the adoption of various soil and water conservation measures, which then facilitate recharge of groundwater tables within an identified micro-watershed (typically consisting of one or two village communities). The recharged groundwater table becomes the natural resource base from which farming households draw water for irrigation by investing in wells or other such assets. The management of micro-watersheds are based on the principles of community based natural resource management. However, the irrigation access (wells) to this common pool resource of groundwater is privately and individually owned which deters effective monitoring of resource use through collective action. This thesis is built on Ostrom's sustainability of socio-ecological systems (SES) framework and uses a three-essay format. Each essay uses econometric techniques in an attempt to identify particular factors that enable self-organizing ability of communities dependent on groundwater-based irrigation system for generating better livelihoods. The fieldwork was conducted in three villages belonging to the semi-arid districts of Ahmednagar and Jalna in the state of Maharashtra. Quantitative and some qualitative data was collected from nearly 670 households through household surveys. The thesis is organised as three core essays and three supporting chapters. Chapter 1 provides a background to WDP in India and sets the context for the research questions. Chapter 2 presents the literature survey and provides the rationale for choosing SES framework over sustainable livelihoods. It also discusses the broader research methodology. At the end, chapter 3 includes a consolidation of inferences drawn from each of the three essays, and identifies their potential applications and future research direction. The three essays address the research questions raised in this thesis. The first essay analyses the role that knowledge of the resource system (micro-watershed) among resource users, plays in modifying individual farmer's irrigation demand (modelled as crop choice). Two watershed communities located on either side of the ridge line of the watershed are compared. The second essay analyses the role that social capital plays in encouraging self-organization in the community. Social capital is modelled as social betweenness scores calculated by applying Social Network Analysis. A comparison between two villages located in two districts belonging to two different rainfall zones is made. The third essay conceptualizes 'water stack' (collection of irrigation access points) that a farming household owns. The relation between the water stack of the households and the resource use norms in the community is analysed. A comparative analysis between all the three villages is made in this essay. Knowledge of the resource system, social capital and continued support from the agricultural extension agency were found to encourage self-organization and enforcement of resource use norms, resulting in good health of the micro-watershed system.
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au, louiseduxbury@westnet com, and Marie-Louise Duxbury. "Implementing a relational worldview: Watershed Torbay, Western Australia connecting community and place." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20080617.132132.
Full textAbstract:
The Australian landcare movement is considered to be a major success, with an extensive community landcare network developed, raised levels and depth of awareness, and a range of demonstration projects undertaken. It has inspired people across Australia and has been emulated overseas. However, negative trends in environmental conditions continue unabated. If the approach of the Australian landcare movement to date has not addressed the current unsustainable farming practices, what approach will?
This Australian study explores the history of the mechanistic worldview, its influence on the attitudes to and treatment of landscapes and indigenous knowledge from colonisation, and the ongoing impacts on current social and natural rural landscapes. Increasing tension between the mechanistic worldview and the growing landcare ethic based on relationships is apparent.
Through the focus project, Watershed Torbay, a different way of seeing and treating the world is explored by praxis. A worldview based on relationships and connection as the end purpose is proffered. Strengthening connection with ones own moral framework, and relationships with people and place in community, are seen as the path to achieving sustainability based on ecological and values rationality.
It is recognised that there are multiple ways of seeing and experiencing the world, and it is important to give voice to all players with a connection to decision making. This also means that there are different forms of knowledge; these can be grouped under the typology of epistemic or scientific knowledge, techne or technical/practical capability, and the central form of knowledge about values and interests.
I have worked with the focus project as a reflective practitioner undertaking action research; this is evident in the movement between theory and practice through the thesis. The thesis concludes in praxis taking the learning from the focus project, and exploration of theory, to answer the question posed at the outset by outlining how the relational worldview can be applied to the regional bodies now delivering major landcare programs.
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Khalili, Davar 1955. "A decision methodology for the resource utilization of rangeland watersheds." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191118.
Full textAbstract:
Degradation of rangeland resources leading to the desertification process is viewed in terms of human and climatic influences. While climatic impacts are important, resource utilization as practiced by man is the major cause of desertification. A multi-objective .decision methodology is developed here which is intended for the analysis of alternative management plans of rangeland watersheds under climatic variability. First, a system model is employed to portray the dynamics of a rangeland as it would respond to climatic changes and different grazing intensities. This approach allows for an interaction of inputs such as rainfall, solar radiation, and temperature with the state of the system which is a range condition index, and with outputs such as production and sediment yield. A simulation package is developed to implement the system model by actually using available data and providing some output values for production and sediment yield. At this stage a number of alternative management plans are identified. The information obtained from the simulation as well as other information of interest are represented by performance criteria, leading to an array of alternative versus criteria. Then, management plans need to be evaluated as they would impact the criteria. A multiobjective decision making technique is selected to perform the analysis for an identification of prefered management alternatives.
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Lehrter, Richard J. II. "Large-scale drivers of fish biodiversity differ across an environmentally variable Great Plains watershed." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38661.
Full textAbstract:
Master of Science<br>Department of Biology<br>Martha E. Mather<br>Understanding the empirical relationships between biotic diversity and components of the environment is crucial for effective research and management, particularly in highly disturbed watersheds. The Smoky Hill River is a semi-arid prairie stream with a historic native fish community that is adapted to the extreme and highly variable climatic and hydrological conditions characteristic of the Great Plains streams. Following a literature review on environmental variables, diversity responses, and analysis methods, I evaluated the importance of land use, flow, discontinuities (dams, confluences), and stream type (mainstem-tributary) variables in explaining fish richness using AICc model selection with multiple linear, Poisson and negative-binomial regressions. I then compared these results from 48 sites across three watershed regions to those from a long-term monitoring dataset (ST) using the same candidate variables. Finally, I examined phylogenetic patterns of the fish community using ordination analyses. Patterns and drivers of biodiversity differed with watershed region, land use, stream type, and flow. Fish species richness in the Smoky Hill watershed was negatively correlated with percent developed land in the Lower region of the watershed, but positively correlated with percent herbaceous grassland, the reference prairie condition, in the Upper region of the watershed. Summer mean flow was consistently and positively related to species richness in the Middle and Upper regions of the watershed where flow was limited. In the Lower region of the watershed, species richness was higher in the more flow-moderate tributaries relative to high-flow mainstem sites. In the Middle and Upper flow-limited regions, species richness was lower in the low-flow tributaries than main stem sites. Families of fish species were also related to region and stream type (mainstem vs. tributary). A comparison of two databases showed how different goals, questions, and methods result in different insights, emphasizing the need for establishing a priori goals before sampling.
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Molotch, Noah P. "ESTIMATING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT AND SNOWMELT IN MOUNTAINOUS WATERSHEDS OF SEMI-ARID REGIONS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191275.
Full textAbstract:
The processes controlling snowpack mass balance are highly variable in time and space, requiring remote sensing to observe regional processes and intensive field observations to observe hilislope-scale phenomena. This research aims to further understanding of the processes controlling snowpack mass balance through innovative applications of remotely sensed data and statistical interpolations of ground observations. Four advancements were obtained: 1) the sensitivity of regression tree snow distribution models to digital elevation data and independent variables was quanitified; 2) improved ability to upscale point snow water equivalent (SWE) measurements at snow telemetry (SNOTEL) stations was obtained by quantifying the small-scale SWE variability surrounding these stations; 3) spatially distributed snowmelt algorithms were improved by incorporating remotely sensed snow-surface albedo data into snowmelt modeling; and (4) the temporal and spatial continuity of regional-scale estimates of snow covered area (SCA) and SWE were improved by combining remotely sensed data and air temperature data to extend estimates beneath the cloud cover.
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Welsh, Andrew James. "Delineating debris-flow hazards on alluvial fans in the Coromandel and Kaimai regions, New Zealand, using GIS." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1478.
Full textAbstract:
Debris-flows pose serious hazards to communities in mountainous regions of the world and are often responsible for loss of life and damages to infrastructure. Characterised by high flow velocity, large impact forces and long runout, debris-flows have potential discharges several times greater than clear water flood discharges and possess much greater erosive and destructive potential. In combination with poor temporal predictability, they present a significant hazard to settlements, transport routes and other infrastructure located at the drainage points (fan-heads) of watersheds. Thus, it is important that areas vulnerable to debris-flows are identified in order to aid decisions on appropriate land-uses for alluvial fans. This research has developed and tested a new GIS-based procedure for identifying areas prone to debris-flow hazards in the Coromandel/Kaimai region, North Island, New Zealand. The procedure was developed using ESRI Arc View software, utilising the NZ 25 x 25 m DEM as the primary input. When run, it enabled watersheds and their associated morphometric parameters to be derived for selected streams in the study area. Two specific parameters, Melton ratio (R) and watershed length were then correlated against field evidence for debris-flows, debris-floods and fluvial processes at stream watershed locations in the study area. Overall, strong relationships were observed to exist between the evidence observed for these phenomena and the parameters, thus confirming the utility of the GIS procedure for the preliminary identification of hydrogeomorphic hazards such as debris-flow in the Coromandel/Kaimai region study area. In consideration of the results, the procedure could prove a useful tool for regional councils and CDEM groups in regional debris-flow hazard assessment for the identification of existing developments at risk of debris-flow disaster. Furthermore, the procedure could be used to provide justification for subsequent, more intensive local investigations to fully quantify the risk to people and property at stream fan and watershed locations in such areas.
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Sazib, Nazmus Shams. "Physically Based Modelling of the Impacts of Climate Change on Streamflow Regime." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5067.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding the implications of climate change on streamflow regime is complex as changes in climate vary over space and time. However, a better understanding of the impact of climate change is required for identifying how stream ecosystems vulnerable to these changes, and ultimately to guide the development of robust strategies for reducing risk in the face of changing climatic conditions. Here I used physically based hydrologic modeling to improve understanding of how climate change may impact streamflow regimes and advance some of the cyberinfrastructure and GIS methodologies that support physically based hydrologic modeling by: (1) using a physically based model to examine the potential effects of climate change on ecologically relevant aspects of streamflow regime, (2) developing data services in support of input data preparation for physically based distributed hydrologic models, and (3) enhancing terrain analysis algorithms to support rapid watershed delineation over large area. TOPNET, a physically based hydrologic model was applied over eight watersheds across the U.S to assess the sensitivity and changes of the streamflow regime due to climate change. Distributed hydrologic models require diverse geospatial and time series inputs, the acquisition and preparation of which are labor intensive and difficult to reproduce. I developed web services to automate the input data preparation steps for a physically based distributed hydrological model to enable water scientist to spend less time processing input data. This input includes terrain analysis and watershed delineation over a large area. However, limitations of current terrain analysis tools are (1) some support only a limited set of specific raster and vector data formats, and (2) all that we know of require data to be in a projected coordinate system. I enhanced terrain analysis algorithms to extend their generality and support rapid, web-based watershed delineation services. Climate change studies help to improve the scientific foundation for conducting climate change impacts assessments, thus building the capacity of the water management community to understand and respond to climate change. Web-based data services and enhancements to terrain analysis algorithms to support rapid watershed delineation will impact a diverse community of researchers involved terrain analysis, hydrologic and environmental modeling.