Relevant bibliographies by topics / Wave added resistance

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Wave added resistance'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Wave added resistance"

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Kashiwagi, Masashi. "Hydrodynamic Study on Added Resistance Using Unsteady Wave Analysis." Journal of Ship Research 57, no. 04 (December 1, 2013): 220–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.2013.57.4.220.

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It is known that the added resistance in waves can be computed from ship-generated unsteady waves through the unsteady wave analysis method. To investigate the effects of nonlinear ship-generated unsteady waves and bluntness of the ship geometry on the added resistance, measurements of unsteady waves, wave-induced ship motions, and added resistance were carried out using two different (blunt and slender) modified Wigley models. The ship-generated unsteady waves are also produced by the linear superposition using the waves measured for the diffraction and radiation problems and the complex amplitudes of ship motions measured for the motion-free problem in waves. Then a comparison is made among the values of the added resistance by the direct measurement using a dynamometer and by the wave analysis method using the Fourier transform of measured and superposed waves. It is found that near the peak of the added resistance where ship motions become large, the degree of nonlinearity in the unsteady wave becomes prominent, especially at the forefront part of the wave. Thus, the added resistance evaluated with measured waves at larger amplitudes of incident wave becomes much smaller than the values by the direct measurement and by the wave analysis with superposed waves or measured waves at smaller amplitude of incident wave. Discussion is also made on the characteristics of the added resistance in the range of short incident waves.
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Kim, Yonghwan, Dong-Min Park, Jae-Hoon Lee, Jaehoon Lee, Byung-Soo Kim, Kyung-Kyu Yang, Semyun Oh, and Dong-Yeon Lee. "Numerical Analysis and Experimental Validation of Added Resistance on Ship in Waves." Journal of Ship Research 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 268–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/josr.10180091.

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In this study, the added resistance of a liquefied natural gas carrier (LNGC) in the presence of waves is studied experimentally and numerically.The ship model is an LNGC designed by Samsung Heavy Industries (SHI). Experiments on ship motion responses and added resistance under head sea conditions were conducted at the Seoul National University and SHI. The influences of the experimental methods (captive and self-propulsion methods), incident wave amplitude, and regular and irregular wave conditions on the added resistance are evaluated using the same model ship set at different scales. In the numerical studies, the motion responses and added resistance are obtained using three methods—the strip method by adopting momentum conservation; Rankine panel method using pressure integration; and computational fluid dynamics method, using the difference in the resistances in waves and calm water. The experimental and numerical results under various conditions are compared, and the characteristics of the experimental and numerical results are discussed.
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Grin, Rob. "On the Prediction of Wave-added Resistance with Empirical Methods." Journal of Ship Production and Design 31, no. 03 (August 1, 2015): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.2015.31.3.181.

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There is continuous research on analytical, numerical, and (semi)empirical methods to predict wave-added resistance. Most of this research focuses on a particular area, like motion-induced wave added resistance, wave-added resistance in short waves, or is limited to head seas only. The practical application of most methods is therefore often limited. Moreover, most methods require detailed information on hull lines and results are rather sensitive to the discretization of those hull lines. Since 2006, MARIN has been investigating the feasibility of empirical methods that do not have those limitations. They only require the main particulars to predict wave-added resistance. Within the Sea Trial Analysis Joint Industry Project (STA-JIP), a method was developed for the correction of wave-added resistance in head seas covering both the motion-induced and the wave reflection-induced component. This method was further refined and extended to all wave directions within the service performance analysis JIP (SPA-JIP) in 2008. This article presents the results of the comparison between the prediction methods and model tests for almost 50 different ships, comprising more than 1500 tests in regular and irregular seas.
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Sun, Tao, Ming Hui Yuan, Wei Wang, and Nan Ye. "Study of Wave Added Resistance on Wigley Ship." Applied Mechanics and Materials 468 (November 2013): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.468.105.

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Global warming is becoming a serious problem nowadays. The emissions of greenhouse gas from vessels draw great attentions. As a significant research part of vessel seakeeping performance, resistance capability exert pretty effect on energy consuming. A Wigley ship model is set as the object to compute constraint and free model in calm water and head waves on resistance and hydrodynamic potential coefficients by STAR-CCM. Differences are discussed between both models. Effects on calculation of hydrostatic resistance ignoring trim and heave are revealed .Wave added resistance of free model is computed and compared at different amplitudes and wavelengths. How trim and heave matter the computed results are discussed. So does how wavelength and amplitudes influence total resistance is considered.
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Chen, Shuling, Beilei Zou, Changzhi Han, and Shiqiang Yan. "Comparative Study on Added Resistance and Seakeeping Performance of X-Bow and Wave-Piercing Monohull in Regular Head Waves." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 6 (June 14, 2022): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060813.

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Bow shape has been recognized as an important factor influencing the seakeeping performance and added resistance of ships. This paper presents a numerical comparative study on added resistance and seakeeping of model ships with ‘X-bow’ and a wave-piercing monohull in regular head waves using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Different wave heights, wavelengths and forward speeds are considered in the systematic investigation in order to characterize the added resistance and wave-induced motions, and to explore the local wave patterns. The results show a considerably different hydrodynamic characteristic by different bow shapes.
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Gao, Qingze, Lifei Song, and Jianxi Yao. "RANS Prediction of Wave-Induced Ship Motions, and Steady Wave Forces and Moments in Regular Waves." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 12 (December 20, 2021): 1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121459.

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The wave-induced motions, and steady wave forces and moments for the oil tanker KVLCC2 in regular head and oblique waves are numerically predicted by using the expanded RANS solver based on OpenFOAM. New modules of wave boundary condition are programed into OpenFOAM for this purpose. In the present consideration, the steady wave forces and moments include not only the contribution of hydrodynamic effects but also the contribution of the inertial effects due to wave-induced ship motions. The computed results show that the contribution of the inertial effects due to heave and pitch in head waves is non-negligible when wave-induced motions are of large amplitude, for example, in long waves. The influence of wave amplitude on added resistance in head waves is also analyzed. The dimensionless added resistance becomes smaller with the increasing wave amplitude, indicating that added resistance is not proportional to the square of wave amplitude. However, wave amplitude seems not to affect the heave and pitch RAOs significantly. The steady wave surge force, sway force and yaw moment for the KVLCC2 with zero speed in oblique waves are computed as well. The present RANS results are compared with available experimental data, and very good agreements are found between them.
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Hirayama, Tsugukiyo, Kouichi Kayajima, Yong-Ho Choi, and Xuefeng Wang. "Probability Density Distribution of Mean Added Wave Resistance." Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan 1999, no. 186 (1999): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe1968.1999.186_125.

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Cepowski, Tomasz. "Approximating the Added Resistance Coefficient for a Bulk Carrier Sailing in Head Sea Conditions Based on its Geometrical Parameters and Speed." Polish Maritime Research 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2016-0066.

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AbstractThe article presents the mathematical function to calculate the added wave resistance transfer function for bulk carriers. Based on this function, the statistical mean added wave resistance generated by an irregular head wave with arbitrary statistical parameters can be forecasted. The input parameters are: waterplane area, waterplane coefficient, ship speed, and frequency of the regular wave. The model has been developed based on the theory of artificial neural networks. The presented function can be used in design analyses, and for planning shipping routes in situations when basic geometrical parameters of the hull are only available and not the full technical documentation. The article presents sample cases of use of this function to calculate the added wave resistance transfer function and the statistical mean added wave resistance. Another presented application refers to waterplane coefficient optimisation taking into account the added wave resistance at the stage of preliminary bulk carrier design.
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Yasukawa, Hironori, Akinori Matsumoto, and Shuji Ikezoe. "Wave Height Effect on Added Resistance of Full Hull Ships in Waves." Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers 23 (2016): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe.23.45.

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Kashiwagi, Masashi. "Hydrodynamic Study on Added Resistance Using Unsteady Wave Analysis*." Journal of Ship Research 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 220–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/josr.57.4.130036.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wave added resistance"

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Stocker, Mark Ryan. "Surge free added resistance tests in oblique wave headings for the KRISO container ship model." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2148.

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Surge Free Added Resistance testing in variable head wave conditions were completed for a container ship model. The added resistance experiments include calm water, head wave, and oblique wave cases with a focus on establishing a validation benchmark for CFD codes computing the added resistance and motions of the ship model during maneuvering. The ship used is a 1/85.19 scale KRISO Container Ship, KCS, model with a length of 2.70 m. Tests were performed at the IIHR wave basin. The 20 x 40 x 4.5 m wave basin is equipped with 6 inline plunger type wave makers and a 3 degrees of freedom carriage. A 4 degrees of freedom, surge, heave, roll, and pitch free mount with a mass spring damper system was used to tow the model. Calm water tests were performed for 13 Froude numbers between 0.0867 and 0.2817. The resistance coefficients, sinkage, and trim were found for each test. The calm water results were obtained and compared to results from towing tank facilities, with traditional mounts, to estimate facility biases at the IIHR wave basin. The results show that the size difference of the IIHR model and surge free motion create magnitude differences between facilities. Head and oblique wave tests were performed at Froude number 0.26 and wave height to wavelength ratio, H/λ, of 0.0167. For all wave tests, time histories of wave amplitude, resistance, and 4 DOF were measured. Fourier analysis was completed for all time histories of waves, forces, and motions and the 0th, 1st, and 2nd harmonic amplitudes and phases are presented. All head wave results are compared to other facilities data taken in a towing tank with a traditional mount. The data from all wave heading data was analyzed with a focus on the trends with incremented wave encounter angle. Most harmonic amplitudes show good agreement between all facilities, but removal of the small model used by IIHR shows even better agreement between facilities. The oblique wave heading data shows good agreement with the only other experimental oblique wave added resistance testing. Complete uncertainty analysis was completed for select cases for calm water, head wave, and oblique wave conditions. The uncertainty showed accurate data form most wavelength settings.
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Lagemann, Benjamin. "Efficient seakeeping performance predictions with CFD." Thesis, KTH, Marina system, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-261772.

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With steadily increasing computational power, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be applied to unsteady problems such as seakeeping simulations. Therefore, a good balance between accuracy and computational speed is required. This thesis investigates the application of CFD to seakeeping performance predictions and aims to propose a best-practice procedure for efficient seakeeping simulations. The widely used KVLCC2 research vessel serves as a test case for this thesis and FINEŠ/Marine software package is used for CFD computations. In order to validate the simulations, results are compared to recent experimental data from SSPA as well as predictions with potential ˛ow code SHIPFLOW® Motions. As for the calm water simulations, both inviscid and viscous ˛ow computations are performed in combination with three mesh refinement levels. Seakeeping simulations with regular head waves of different wavelengths are set-up correspondingly. Furthermore, different strategies for time discretization are investigated. With the given computational resources, it is not feasible to complete seakeeping simulations with a ˝ne mesh. However, already the coarse meshes give good agreement to experiments and SHIPFLOW® Motions' predictions. Viscous ˛ow simulations turn out to be more robust than Euler ˛ow computations and thus should be preferred. Regarding the time discretization, a fixed time discretization of 150 steps per wave period has shown the best balance between accuracy and speed. Based on these findings, a best-practice procedure for seakeeping performance predictions in FINEŠ/Marine is established. Taking the most efficient settings obtained from head wave simulations, the vessel is subjected to oblique waves with 160° encounter angle. Under similar wave conditions, CFD predictions of a similar thesis show close agreement in terms of added wave resistance. Compared to the previous head wave conditions of this study, added resistance in 160° oblique waves is found to be significantly higher. This underlines that oblique bow quartering waves represent a relevant case for determining the maximum required power of a ship. CFD and potential ˛ow show similar accuracy with respect to ship motions and added wave resistance, albeit potential ˛ow outperforms CFD in terms of computational speed. Hence, CFD should be applied in cases where viscous effects are known to have large influence on a vessel's seakeeping behavior. This can be the case if motion control and damping devices are to be evaluated, for instance.
Tack vare den stadigt ökande beräkningskraften kan beräkningsuiddynamik (CFD) idag användas på beräkningsintensiva problem som sjöegenskapssimulationer. Den här rapporten undersöker användning av CFD på sjöegenskapsprestanda och syftar till att foreslå ett best-practice förfaringssätt för effektiv sjöegenskapssimulationer. Forskningsskrovet KVLCC2 fungerar som ett testfall för denna rapport och FINE—/Marine-mjukvarupaketet används för CFD-beräkningar. Viktiga parametrar, såsom ödestyp, beräkningsnät och tidssteg varierars systematiskt. Resultaten jämförs med experiment gjorda vid SSPA. Baserat på resultaten förelås en best-practice. Den föreslagna best-practice användas vidare för berökningar av sjöegenskaper i sneda vågor. Jämförelse av resultaten med liknande studier visar god överensstämmelse. Genom att använda det föreslagna förfarandet för best-practice kan CFD-sjöegenskapssimulationer användas på fall där viskösa krafter måste beaktas, till exempel rörelseregleringsanordningar.
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Descamps, Théo. "Numerical analysis and development of accurate models in a CFD solver dedicated to naval applications with waves." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0049.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est de développer des solveurs numériques et des méthodologies afin d’améliorer le temps de calcul et la précision des simulations de tenue à la mer et de résistance ajoutée sur houle. Tout d’abord, une synthèse de l’algorithme du solver foamStar développé en interne est effectuée. A partir de cette analyse, une modification est proposée afin de pouvoir utiliser le "Multidimensional Universal Limiterfor Explicit Solution" (MULES) avec un schéma temporel backward d’ordre deux. Ensuite, plusieurs études successives sont réalisées afin de : vérifier l’implémentation du schéma backward ; définir une configuration numérique et des maillages efficaces pour la simulation de houle. Les cas d’étude sont : les tourbillons de Taylor-Green, la houle régulière non linéaire se propageant dans un domaine periodique, et enfin, la houle régulière générée avec des zones de relaxation et des configurations numériques proches de celles utilisées pour des applications navales. Dans la dernière partie de cette thèse, une étude préliminaire est réalisée en simulant un porte-conteneur avec une vitesse d’avance dans des houles régulières de face. Les recommandations définies tout au long de cette thèse sont également évaluées
The objective of the present thesis is to develop solvers and methodologies in order to improve the computational cost andthe accuracy with regard to the thematics of seakeeping and added resistance. First, a synthetic workflow of the algorithmof the in-house solver foamStar is proposed. From this analysis a modification is proposed in order to use the Multidimensional Universal Limiter for Explicit Solution (MULES) with a second-order backward time scheme. Then, successive studies are done in order to: verify the implementation of the backward scheme; define an efficient numerical set-up and adequate mesh structures for numerical wave simulations. The case studies are, Taylor-Green vortices, nonlinear regular wave propagating in a periodic domain, and finally, regular waves generated with relaxation zones considering numerical configurations close to what is used for naval applications. In the last part of this Thesis, a preliminary study is done simulating a containership with forward speed in head regular waves. The recommendations derived all along this thesis are also evaluated
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Kuo-TungHuang and 黃國棟. "The Influence of Above-Water Bow Flare Shape on the Added Resistance and Relative Wave Elevation for the Ship Advancing in Longitudinal Reqular Waves." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10099027238142594954.

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碩士
國立成功大學
系統及船舶機電工程學系碩博士班
98
The main purpose of the paper is to investigate the effect of the bow flare on the added resistance and relative elevation for the ship advancing in longitudinal reqular waves. In the present paper, the strip theory and source distribution method are applied to solve the corresponding boundary conditions and analyze the nonlinear motions and the nonlinear hydrodynamic forces, i.e. the mean added resistance. Because the general frequency domain method cannot calculate the instantaneous ship motion and nonlinear forces, the time domain simulation technique based on the 4th Runge-Kutta method is therefore applied here to solve the instantaneous mean added resistance for a ship with different bow flare respect to the different draft. In order to find the instant hull shape below the free surface, the B-spline theory is also applied to calculate the required input source data points for the source distribution method at any instant time with respect to the different draft. The relative elevations near the bow flare are also investigated for discussions. The present results shows that the larger the bow flare, the larger the mean added resistance and the smaller the relative wave elevation, especially for large wave amplitudes.
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Wu, Chien-Cheng, and 吳建丞. "Prediction of Added Resistance in Short Waves." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99059262063241491096.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
工程科學及海洋工程學研究所
99
In this study, we apply the Computational Fluid Dynamics package software FLUENT to simulate the added resistance of Wigley hull in short waves. Firstly, short waves of three different wave lengths in a tank were generated numerically. Then the model of Wigley hull was set in the wave tank, and force acting on the hull was simulated and the average resistance was obtained. In addition, Wigley hull in the tank of uniform flow was also simulated, and the resistance in calm water was also calculated. Then the difference between the resistance in calm water and the average resistance in waves of these three different wave lengths, i.e. the added resistance in short waves, were obtained. The simulated results were compared with the existing data of published references. The trends of added resistance vs wave length are quite similar to those of published data, qualitatively and quantitatively. The validity is confirmed to apply the CFD tool of FLUENT to predict the added resistance of a ship in short waves.
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Grant, Michael. "New modelling and simulation methods to support clean marine propulsion." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/13308.

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The marine industry has increased its adoption of pure-electric, diesel-electric, and other non-traditional propulsion architectures to reduce ship emissions and fuel consumption. While these technologies can improve performance, the design of a propulsion system becomes challenging, given that no single technology is superior across all vessel types. Furthermore, even identical ships with different operating patterns may be better suited to different propulsion technologies. Addressing this problem, previous research has shown that if key elements of a vessel's operational pro file are known, simulation and optimization techniques can be employed to evaluate multiple propulsion architectures and result in a better propulsion system design and energy management strategy for a given vessel. While these studies have demonstrated the performance improvements that can be achieved from optimizing clean marine propulsion systems, they rely on vessel operational profiles obtained through physical measurement from existing ships. From a practical point of view, the optimization of a vessel's propulsion system needs to occur prior to a vessel's construction and thus precludes physical measurement. To this end, this thesis introduces a marine simulation platform for producing vessel operational profiles which enable propulsion system optimization during the ship design process. Core subsystem modules are constructed for simulating ship motions in 3 degrees of freedom and result in operational profile time-series, including propulsion power. Data is acquired from a benchmark vessel to validate the simulation. Results show the proposed approach strikes a balance between speed, accuracy, and complexity compared with other available tools.
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Books on the topic "Wave added resistance"

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Gerritsma, J. Motions, wave loads and added resistance in waves of two Wigley hull forms. Delft, Netherlands: Technische Universiteit Delft, Vakgroep, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wave added resistance"

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Crepier, Pierre, Stéphane Rapuc, and Reint P. Dallinga. "CFD Investigation into the Wave Added Resistance of Two Ships." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 95–114. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4624-2_6.

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Nielsen, Ulrik D., Jacob R. Johannesen, Harry B. Bingham, Mogens Blanke, and Soizic Joncquez. "Indirect Measurements of Added-Wave Resistance on an In-Service Container Ship." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 115–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4624-2_7.

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Sanchana, M. Kumar, R. Vijayakumar, and V. V. S. Prasad. "Design Approach for Reducing the Wave Added Resistance by Hull Form Optimisation." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 385–400. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3119-0_22.

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Kim, Mingyu, Osman Turan, Sandy Day, and Atilla Incecik. "Numerical Studies on Added Resistance and Ship Motions of KVLCC2 in Waves." In Trends and Challenges in Maritime Energy Management, 111–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74576-3_9.

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Orihara, H., H. Yoshida, and K. Takagishi. "Experimental and numerical study of added resistance in waves at low forward speeds." In Developments in Maritime Technology and Engineering, 429–37. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003216599-45.

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Martić, I., N. Degiuli, A. Farkas, and C. G. Grlj. "The application of ANN in estimating added resistance of container ships in regular head waves." In Sustainable Development and Innovations in Marine Technologies, 175–82. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003358961-23.

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Sanada, Yugo, Claus Simonsen, Janne Otzen, Hamid Sadat-Hosseini, Yasuyuki Toda, and Frederick Stern. "Experimental Data for KCS Added Resistance and ONRT Free Running Course Keeping/Speed Loss in Head and Oblique Waves." In Numerical Ship Hydrodynamics, 61–137. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47572-7_4.

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Stern, Frederick, Hamid Sadat-Hosseini, Timur Dogan, Matteo Diez, Dong Hwan Kim, Sungtek Park, and Yugo Sanada. "Assessment of CFD for KCS Added Resistance and for ONRT Course Keeping/Speed Loss in Regular Head and Oblique Waves." In Numerical Ship Hydrodynamics, 333–439. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47572-7_9.

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Matsumoto, Koichiro, Shigeru Naito, Ken Takagi, Kazuyoshi Hirota, and Kenji Takagishi. "BEAK-BOW to reduce the wave added resistance at sea." In Developments in Marine Technology, 527–33. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-2009(98)80194-7.

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Bolbot, V., and A. Papanikolaou. "Optimization of ship’s bow form for the added resistance in waves." In Maritime Technology and Engineering III, 611–19. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21890-80.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wave added resistance"

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Ruth, Eivind, Bjørn Ola Berge, and Henning Borgen. "Simulation of Added Resistance in High Waves." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41185.

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A vessel traveling across the sea experiences waves. The waves produce forces on the vessel resulting in added resistance. The forces are caused by the combination of wave and vessel motion. A variety of methods for prediction of added resistance in waves exists. The complexity and accuracy varies significantly. This paper focuses on numerical solution of the problem when the waves are high compared to the vessel size. The commercial software Star-CCM+ is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations by use of Reynolds averaging and a VOF model. This implies that all kind of nonlinearities are accounted for. Accurate numerical propagation of a 5th order Stokes wave is achieved. A study on the mesh and time step sensitivity of the added resistance is presented. The numerical results are validated by custom made model test. A numerical comparison of two alternative surge restrictions (constant speed or constant force) shows insignificant differences in results.
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Guo, Hao, and Decheng Wan. "Study of Wave Added Resistance and Motions of KCS in Waves With Different Wave Lengths." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95526.

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Abstract Estimating added resistance and motions of a ship in waves are essential to predict fuel consumption and speed loss. The added resistance and motions of the 3600 TEU KRISO container ship (KCS) in regular head waves under different wavelengths are investigated using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method. Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is applied to capture the free surface. The in-house computational fluid dynamics solver, naoe-FOAM-SJTU, is used to compute the added resistance and motions of KCS in regular head waves. Firstly, the first-order Stokes waves in deep water are adopted and generated in naoe-FOAM-SJTU as a numerical wave tank. Secondly, it is presented that the KCS with a Froude number of 0.261 advances in these waves. Regular wave conditions with a wide range of wavelength (0.65 < λ/L < 1.95) are considered. The variations of resistance, pitch and heave show good agreement with experimental results. To investigate nonlinear behaviors of predicted results, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is applied to analyze the results of resistance, heave and pitch with in head wave (μ = 180°). KCS with and without motions is also compared to investigate the relationship between components of resistance and wavelengths. The results of added resistances show that the added resistance of KCS is mainly induced by ship diffraction in short waves. The wave diffraction is not affected by wave frequency. In addition, CFD can accurately calculate the problem on added resistance and ship motions.
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Sadat-Hosseini, Hamid, Serge Toxopeus, Dong Hwan Kim, Teresa Castiglione, Yugo Sanada, Mark Stocker, Claus Simonsen, Janne Flensborg Otzen, Yasuyuki Toda, and Frederick Stern. "Experiments and Computations for KCS Added Resistance for Variable Heading." In SNAME 5th World Maritime Technology Conference. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/wmtc-2015-149.

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Experiments, CFD and PF studies are performed for the KCS containership advancing at Froude number 0.26 in calm water and regular waves. The validation studies are conducted for variable wavelength and wave headings with wave slope of H/λ=1/60. CFD computations are conducted using two solvers CFDShip-Iowa and STAR-CCM+. PF studies are conducted using FATIMA. For CFD computations, calm water and head wave simulations are performed by towing the ship fixed in surge, sway, roll and yaw, but free to heave and pitch. For variable wave heading simulations, the roll motion is also free. For PF, the ship model moves at a given speed and the oscillations around 6DOF motions are computed for variable wave heading while the surge motion for head waves is restrained by adding a very large surge damping. For calm water, computations showed E<4%D for the resistance,<8%D for the sinkage, and <40%D for the trim. In head waves with variable wavelength, the errors for first harmonic variables for CFD and PF computations were small, <5%DR for amplitudes and <4%2π for phases. The errors for zeroth harmonics of motions and added resistance were large. For the added resistance, the largest error was for the peak location at λ/L=1.15 where the data also show large scatter. For variable wave heading at λ/L=1.0, the errors for first harmonic amplitudes were <17%DR for CFD and <26%DR for PF. The comparison errors for first harmonic phases were E<24%2π. The errors for the zeroth harmonic of motions and added resistance were again large. PF studies for variable wave headings were also conducted for more wavelength condition, showing good predictions for the heave and pitch motions for all cases while the surge and roll motions and added resistance were often not well predicted. Local flow studies were conducted for λ/L=1.37 to investigate the free surface profile and wake field predicted by CFD. The results showed a significant fluctuation in the wake field which can affect the propeller/engine performance. Additionally it was found that the average propeller inflow to the propeller is significantly higher in waves.
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Zhang, Xinshu, Wei Li, and Yunxiang You. "Added Wave Resistance Computations Using Desingularized Source and Panel Methods." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41413.

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A three-dimensional time-domain approach has been developed to compute large-amplitude motion response and the second-order added wave resistance for ships traveling in waves. The proposed method is an extension of a well established linear approach developed in a previous paper [1]. The numerical model is developed based on boundary integral equation, which is solved at each time step by distributing desingularized sources above the calm water surface and employing constant-strength panels on body surface. The nonlinear Froude-Krylov and wave diffraction forces are computed. Equations of motion are solved with including the effects of Euler angles. A broad range of different hull forms, including two Wigley hulls, a Series 60 hull, and a S-175 hull, are employed to validate the present computational model. By comparing the obtained numerical results to experiments, it is demonstrated that the present model using double-body basis flow can well predict added wave resistance.
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Liang, Hong, Zhu Chuan, and Miao Ping. "Calculation and Analysis of Components of Added Resistance of Ships in Waves." In SNAME 5th World Maritime Technology Conference. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/wmtc-2015-100.

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Ship motions and its hydrodynamic coefficients are solved by three dimensional frequency domain potential theories with a translating and pulsating source distribution method. Furthermore, components of added wave resistance of ships advancing in waves due to the radiation and diffraction waves are obtained respectively. Added wave resistances of Wigley III hull and S175 containership with various forward speeds are carried out and analyzed in frequency domain. The numerical results are validated for the models by comparing them with experimental data. Its percentage of components of the total ship added wave resistance varying with frequency is investigated and discussed. The present method provides a rapid and efficient approach to predict added resistance of different types of ships in waves.
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Pan, Zhiyuan, Torgeir Vada, and Kaijia Han. "Computation of Wave Added Resistance by Control Surface Integration." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54353.

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A time domain Rankine source solver is extended to compute the wave added resistance of ships. The proposed approach applies the momentum conservation principle on the near field fluid volume enclosed by the wet surface of a floating body, the free surface and a control surface. The wave added resistance is then calculated by the integration over the control surface of the fluid velocities and free surface elevations. To be able to incorporate the proposed method with the Rankine source code, an interpolation scheme has been developed to compute the kinematics for the off-body points close to (or on) the free surface. Two Wigley ship models, a containership model S175 and a tanker model KVLCC2 are used to validate the present method. In general good agreement is found comparing with the model test data. The convergence behavior is examined for the proposed method including the selection of the time step and location of the control surface. Both Neumann-Kelvin and double body linearization methods are evaluated with the proposed method. It is found that the Neumann-Kelvin linearization can only be applied for slender ship hull, whereas double body method fits also for blunt ships. It is suggested to apply the proposed method with double body linearization to evaluate the wave added resistance of ships with a control surface close to the ship hull.
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Grin, Rob. "SPAWAVE, An Empirical Method to Predict Wave Added Resistance in all Wave Directions." In SNAME 14th International Marine Design Conference. SNAME, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/imdc-2022-222.

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In the last 5 years, major improvements have been made in the prediction of wave added resistance with high fidelity numerical methods like Rankine source panel methods and CFD. These methods provide accurate ship and loading condition specific predictions of added resistance in all wave conditions. However there is still a need for low fidelity prediction methods in for instance concept design, speed trails, regulatory frameworks and operational support. In these applications, hull lines are often not (or not easily) available, but main dimensions and hydrostatics are. For this reason a number of empirical prediction methods has been developed, most of them (like STAWAVE) are suitable for head waves only, but more recently also a number of methods became available for all wave directions. One of the more recent methods is SPAWAVE, which has been developed with the service performance analysis performance joint industry project (SPA JIP) in 2008. This paper presents the SPAWAVE method including its coefficients. Furthermore it shows the results of the comparison between the most commonly used prediction methods (for instance STAWAVE and SNNM) and model tests for almost 80 different ships, comprising over 2800 tests in regular waves and over 1000 tests irregular seas.
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Moran, James F. "The Effect of Pitch Gyradius on Added Resistance of Yacht Hulls." In SNAME 10th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-1991-010.

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The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of pitch gyradius on added resistance of yacht hulls. Tank testing of a model yacht in head seas was performed in the Webb Robinson Model Basin. The model was tested in regular waves at two speeds and five variations of gyradius. The model was also evaluated in irregular seas of the Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum at various speeds with two gyradii. Response Amplitude Operators were developed from the regular wave data and comparisons made. The irregular wave data were analyzed for the effect of speed on the difference in added resistance between the maximum and minimum gyradius settings. Several conclusions were arrived at after analyzing the data. The Response Amplitude Operaters shift as the gyradius changes. In regular waves, at low frequencies of encounter, a lower, gyradius resulted in less added frequencies of encounter in regular waves, this trend reverses itself and the higher gyradii result in reduced added resistance. However, at higher frequencies of encounter in regular waves, this trend reverses, reverses itself in reduced added resistance. The peaks of the RAO curves shift to higher frequencies at higher gyradii. It was also concluded that at the higher speed, Froude Number of 0.3, the added resistance was lower relative to the still-water resistance for each gyradius tested. The irregular wave testing revealed the effect of the lower frequencies dominating the irregular wave spectrum. The minimum gyradius, in irregular seas showed less added resistance than the maximum gyradius. In addition, the irregular wave testing verified, the reduction of added resistance, relative to still-water resistance, at increasing speeds for both the minimum and maximum gyradii.
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Vukčević, V., I. Gatin, G. H. Kim, and H. Jasak. "Added Resistance CFD Analysis of the KVLCC2 With the Naval Hydro Pack." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95293.

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Abstract A CFD analysis of added resistance of a KVLCC2 ship model is presented in this paper. The Naval Hydro Pack, an open source software library for computational naval hydrodynamics based on OpenFOAM is used to perform the simulations. Ten head wave cases are considered in this study ranging from short waves to long waves (wave length to length between perpendiculars ranging from 0.3 to 2). During the initial stages of our research, we had noticed significant over-prediction of added resistance compared to experimental results. After thorough analysis, the issue was found to be related to inadequate turbulence modeling using the standard k-ω SST model. Using the free surface sensitised model, the prediction of the added resistance improves significantly Compared to the experimental results, majority of the cases with different wave lengths have errors smaller than several percent. In addition to added resistance, heave and pitch motion amplitudes are compared to recent experimental results by Park et al. [1], showing good agreement. CPU time required to perform the computations is also discussed.
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Kim, Young-Rong, and Sverre Steen. "Application of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Added Resistance in Arbitrary Wave Headings of a Ship." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-78433.

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Abstract Vessels experience additional resistance by waves during navigation, which becomes a factor that increases energy consumption and exhaust gas emissions. Proper estimation and understanding of this additional resistance is an important task in the marine industry. In this study, we propose a machine-learning model that predicts added resistance in arbitrary wave headings using basic ship parameters. First, extensive model experimental data on added resistance for different ship types and sizes of ships were acquired. To build a proper machine learning model, algorithms such as extreme gradient boosting (XGB), random forest (RF), artificial neural network (ANN), k-nearest neighbor (ANN), gaussian process regression (GPR), and support vector regression (SVR) were considered. Through nested cross-validation, the evaluation and hyperparameter tuning of algorithms were performed together. As a result, SVR was selected among the candidate models due to high accuracy with robustness to the outliers. In the validation with test data of head waves and all wave headings, the R2 scores of the selected model were 0.6738–0.7584 and 0.6744–0.7449, respectively, which was better than estimation methods for added resistance in head waves such as STAWAVE-2 and Cepowski (2020), and similar accuracy to those applicable in arbitrary wave headings. Even estimation of added resistance in irregular waves of sea states, the relative deviation with the semi-empirical methods for arbitrary waves was not large, on average 10%.
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Reports on the topic "Wave added resistance"

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Cusanelli, Dominic S., Bryson J. Metcalf, and Ann M. Powers. JHSS Baseline Shaft and Strut (BSS) Model 5653-3 Added Resistance and Powering and Ship Motions, Sea State 6 Random Waves and Regular Waves. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada498365.

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