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Ahmadvand, Nima. "Wavelength division multiplexing cross connect networks." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ30066.pdf.
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Deng, Xuegong. "High performance wavelength-division multiplexing schemes for optical networks." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3031039.
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Qiao, Jie. "Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) for optical networks." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035169.
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Dods, Sarah D. "Homodyne crosstalk in wavelength-division multiplexed ring and cus networks /." Connect to thesis, 2000. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000597.
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Chu, Xiaowen. "RWA and wavelength conversion in wavelength-routed all-optical WDM networks /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?COMP%202003%20CHU.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-134). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Wang, Xie, and 王勰. "Multiwavelength optical sources based on fiber optical parametric process." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206438.
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With ever-increasing networking bandwidth demand imposed by data explosion in recent years, optical source generation plays a more and more important role in fiber optical communications. Today wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) which refers to encoding independent information onto different wavelengths becomes a widely used technique to increase the transmission bandwidth. However, current WDM system usually requires one single laser source for each distinct wavelength channel which is relatively expensive and cumbersome. Moreover, current WDM system is usually confined to conventional band (C-band) due to the lack of proper gain medium outside C-band. Thus simultaneously generating multiple wavelengths beyond C-band is highly desirable and attractive.
Fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) which is based on χ^((3)) nonlinear effect of optical fiber exhibits remarkable properties such as high gain, wide gain bandwidth, and ultra-fast response and could act as a promising candidate for amplifying optical signal beyond C-band.
In this thesis I propose and demonstrate several multiwavelength optical sources by taking advantaging of the parametric process. I first experimentally demonstrate the dual-cavity mode-locked FOPO by utilizing two intracavity branches which share the same highly-nonlinear dispersion-shifted fiber (HNL-DSF) as gain medium. Simultaneous generation of 10-GHz pulse train at four different wavelengths located in short wavelength band (S-band) and long wavelength band (L-band) can be achieved. I then introduce the first dispersion distributed FOPO at 10-GHz. With this more advanced cavity configuration, narrower wavelength spacing and wider tuning range in the S- and L-band can be obtained more efficiently in a single cavity.
In addition to multiwavelegnth 10-GHz FOPO, multiwavelength FOPO at higher repetition rate beyond C-band is also of great interest in fiber optical communication. I then achieve the first widely tunable 40-GHz dual-wavelength pulsed FOPO. Good quality pulses in both S-and L-band with relatively short duration and low timing jitter can be generated simultaneously.
Apart from the parametric process in uniform fiber, I also explore the parametric process in dispersion oscillating fiber (DOF) whose dispersion is periodically modulated along the propagation direction. Based on quasi-phase matched parametric process in DOF, we generate two pairs (quad-wavelength) of modulation instability (MI) side lobes simultaneously. We then numerically and experimentally investigate the spectral correlation between multiple MI by leveraging the dispersive Fourier transformation method.
My research efforts presented in this thesis will show the versatility of parametric process for generating multiwavelength optical waves. These schemes have the potential to become efficient optical sources for optical communication beyond C-band.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Electrical and Electronic Engineering<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Buyuksahin, Oncel F. Feza. "Modulation Formats For Wavelength Division Multiplexing (wdm) Systems." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611039/index.pdf.
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Optical communication networks are becoming the backbone of both national and international telecommunication networks. With the progress of optical communication systems, and the constraints brought by WDM transmissions and increased bit rates, new ways to convert the binary data signal on the optical carrier have been proposed.
There are different factors that should be considered for the right choice of modulation format, such as information spectral density (ISD), power margin, and tolerance against group-velocity dispersion (GVD) and against fiber nonlinear effects like self-phase modulation (SPM), cross-phase modulation (XPM), four-wave mixing (FWM), and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS).
In this dissertation, the several very important modulation formats such as Non Return to Zero (NRZ), Return to Zero (RZ), Chirped Return to Zero (CRZ), Carrier Suppressed Return to Zero (CSRZ), Differential Phase Shift Keying (PSK) and Carrier Suppressed Return to Zero- Differential Phase Shift Keying (CSRZ-DPSK) will be detailed and compared.
In order to make performance analysis of such modulation formats, the simulation will be done by using VPItransmissionMakerTM WDM software.
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Harris, Mitchell T. "Analysis of semiconductor optical amplifiers in VCSEL based wavelength division multiplexing communication /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1446799.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2007.<br>"May, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-83). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2007]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.
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Zhou, Chuang. "Multimode wavelength division multiplexing and demultiplexing using substrate-guided waves and volume holographic gratings /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Castleford, David. "Optical crosstalk in WDM Fibre-Radio networks /." Connect to thesis, 2002. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000405.
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Li, Ji. "Design and analysis of survivable WDM mesh networks." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38574846.
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Zhu, Jiannan. "Novel energy-efficient DWDM systems for low-cost optical communication applications." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709467.
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Gamatham, Romeo Reginald Gunther. "Nonlinear effects with a focus on cross phase modulation and its impact on wavelength division multiplexing optical fibre networks." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6302.
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The demand for faster data transmission is ever increasing. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) presents as a viable solution to increase the data transmission rate significantly. WDM systems are based on the ability to transmit multiple wavelengths simultaneously down the fibre. Unlike time division multiplexing (TDM) systems, WDM systems do not increase the data transfer by increasing the transmission rate of a single channel. In WDM systems the data rate per channel remains the same, only multiple channels carry data across the link. Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) promises even more wavelengths packed together in the same fibre. This multiplication of channels increases the bandwidth capacity rapidly. Networks are looking into making use of technology that will ensure no electronic signal regeneration at any point within the DWDM network. Examples are; reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADM) and optical cross connect (OXC) units. These components essentially enable network operators to split, combine and multiplex optical signals carried by optical fibre. WDM allows network operators to increase the capacity of existing networks without expensive re-cabling. This provides networks with the flexibility to be upgraded to larger bandwidths and for reconfiguration of network services. Further, WDM technology opens up an opportunity of marketing flexibility to network operators, where operators not only have the option to rent out cables and fibres but wavelengths as well. Cross phase modulation (XPM) poses a problem to WDM networks. The refractive index experienced by a neighbouring optical signal, not only depends on the signal’s intensity but on the intensity of the co-propagating signal as well. This effect leads to a phase change and is known as XPM. This work investigates the characteristics of XPM. It is shown that, in a two channel WDM network, a probe signal’s SOP can be steered by controlling a high intensity pump signal’s SOP. This effect could be applied to make a wavelength converter. Experimental results show that the degree of polarization (DOP) of a probe signal degrades according to a mathematical model found in literature. The pump and probe signals are shown to experience maximum interaction, for orthogonal probe-pump SOP vector orientations. This may be problematic to polarization mode dispersion compensators. Additionally, experimental results point out that the SOP of a probe signal is much more active in the presence of a high intensity pump, as compared to the single signal transmission scenario.
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Akanbi, Oladeji Bamidele. "Bi-directional Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed Systems for Broadband Access Networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13964.
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Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is becoming the technology of choice for meeting the increasing bandwidth demands in optical networks. DWDM has been used to increase the capacity of long-haul optical transport systems. Efforts are being made to move DWDM into the broadband access network serving residential and business subscribers.
First, a new centralized DWDM PON scheme is demonstrated for bi-directional upstream and downstream transmissions. The proposed DWDM PON scheme is implemented using optical carrier suppression and separation (OCSS) technology to generate a wavelength pair from a single laser source at the central office. This method enables the co-location of both upstream and downstream DWDM transmitters in the central office. In addition, the complexity, cost, and maintenance of the optical network unit are reduced by enabling wavelength independent operation.
Second, a new multistage architecture is proposed for the delivery of information to groups of subscribers located at different distances from the central office. A 25 GHz DWDM comb is generated using OCSS technology, and error-free transmission of four 10 Gbps channels is demonstrated.
Finally, a new wide area access network with bi-directional DWDM amplification using semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) is demonstrated. The detrimental effect of SOA
crosstalk resulting from cross gain modulation can be suppressed using a constant intensity
modulation format such as differential phase shift keying (DPSK). The feasibiity of
bi-directional DPSK transmission of 16
interleaved DWDM channels using an in-line SOA has been studied experimentally. In addition, the reduction of bi-directional SOA reflections has been realized by optimizing the SOA bias current and facet reflectivities.
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Abujnah, Nabeil Abduljallil Abubaker. "Numerical modelling of optical micro-cavity ring resonators for WDM networks." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2011. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/numerical-modelling-of-optical-microcavity-ring-resonators-for-wdm-networks(ac752a5d-5bf1-4ee6-8345-c20fe8aea769).html.
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Augmenting the level of integration for a lower cost and enhancing the performance of the optical devices have turned out to be the focus of many research studies in the last few decades. Many distinct approaches have been proposed in a significant number of researches in order to meet these demands. Optical planar waveguides stand as one of vital employed approach in many studies. Although, their low propagation loss, and low dispersion, they suffers from high power losses at sharp bends. For this reason, large radius of curvature is required in order to achieve high efficiency and compromise the high level of integration. For the purpose of this research, in this thesis different ways to improve the performance of optical microcavity ring resonators (MRRs) have been thoroughly investigated and new configurations have been proposed. The Multiresolution Time Domain (MRTD) technique was further developed and employed throughout this thesis as the main numerical modelling technique. The MRTD algorithm is used as a computer code. This code is developed and enhanced using self built Compaq Visual Fortran code. Creating the structure and Post-processing the obtained data is carried out using self built MATLAB code. The truncating layers used to surround the computational domain were Uniaxial Perfectly Matched Layers (UPML). The accuracy of this approach is demonstrated via the excellent agreement between the results obtained in literature using FDTD method and the results of MRTD. This thesis has focused on showing numerical efficiency of MRTD where the mesh size allowed or the total number of computed points is about half that used with FDTD. Furthermore, the MRR geometry parameters such as coupling gap size, microring radius of curvature, and waveguide width have been thoroughly studied in order to predict and optimise the device performance. This thesis also presents the model analysis results of a parallel-cascaded double-microcavity ring resonator (PDMRR). The analysis is mainly focus on the extraction of the resonant modes where the effect of different parameters of the structure on transmitted and coupled power is investigated. Also, accurate analysis of 2D coupled microcavity ring resonator based on slotted waveguides (SMRR) has been thoroughly carried out for the purpose of designing optical waveguide delay lines based on slotted ring resonator (SCROW). The SCROW presented in this thesis are newly designed to function according to the variation of the resonance coupling efficiency of a slotted ring resonators embedded between two parallel waveguides. The slot of the structures is filled with SiO2 and Air that cause the coupling efficiency to vary which in turn control both the group velocity and delay time of SCROW structures results from the changing the properties of the bent slotted waveguide modes which strongly depends on the slot’s position. Significant improvements on the quality factor and greater delay time have been achieved by introducing sub-wavelength-low-index slot into conventional waveguide.
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Anan, Muhammad Taqiuddin Chaudhry Ghulam M. "SWAP a slotted wavelength assignment pipeline scheduler for next-generation optical burst switches (OBS) /." Diss., UMK access, 2008.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2008.<br>"A dissertation in electrical & computer engineering and telecommunications networking." Advisor: Ghulam M. Chaudhry. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Sept. 12, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-169). Online version of the print edition.
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Saad, Mohamed Elsayed Mostafa Luo Zhi-Quan. "Design of optical networks: performance bounds, complexity and algorithms /." *McMaster only, 2004.
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Mao, Minjing, and 毛忞婧. "Design and analysis of survivable WDM optical network." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4784968X.
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Optical networks with Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology provide huge bandwidth to meet the ever-increasing traffic demand of the next generation Internet. But the high-speed nature of WDM networks also makes the network more vulnerable to failures. Even a single network failure for a very short duration can result in enormous loss of data. In this thesis, we concentrate on designing a survivable WDM network. In essence, survivability concerns two important aspects, fast fault detection and localization, and fast fault recovery.
We first study fast fault detection and localization in WDM optical networks. Our work is based on the notion of monitoring cycle (m-cycle). Compared with other fault detection schemes, an m-cycle based fault detection scheme provides fast fault detection and requires less number of expensive monitors. Aiming at further cutting down the implementation cost, we propose the notion of super monitor. Instead of having a dedicated monitor for each m-cycle, a single super monitor can be placed at the junction of a set of overlapped m-cycles. In this thesis, we formulate and solve the monitor placement problem.
We then focus on enhancing the capacity efficiency of fast fault recovery schemes. Shared backup path protection (SBPP) schemes can provide 100% protection against any single link failure. This is achieved by establishing a pair of link-disjoint active and backup paths upon each call arrival. The bandwidth on different backup paths can be shared for protecting different calls. In this thesis, a new SBPP scheme is designed based on a two-step routing approach, where the active and backup paths are sequentially optimized with different objectives in mind. We then shift our focus to design fast protection scheme for multicast/broadcast communications. To this end, we refine the existing concept of blue/red tree. Blue/red tree is a pair of spanning trees where the connectivity between the root and any destination node is ensured upon a network failure. In particular, two efficient integer linear programs (ILPs) are formulated for finding the optimal blue/red trees.
Last but not the least, we investigate the survivability in IP networks. We notice that existing efforts on IP fast reroute (IPFRR) are effective in enhancing the IP resilience. But the impact of IPFRR on the end-to-end TCP performance is ignored. Notably, path rerouting can interfere with the TCP congestion control mechanism and thus cause severe throughput degradation. To address this problem, we propose a duplicate acknowledgement (ACK) suppression scheme. The key idea is to detect whether an out-of-order packet arrival event is due to IPFRR or not. If it is due to IPFRR, duplicate ACKs triggered will be suppressed by the TCP receiver so as not to cause unnecessary slow down at the TCP sender.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Electrical and Electronic Engineering<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Li, Guangming. "Novel resource allocation schemes in optical burst switching networks." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37051040.
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Li, Guangming, and 李光明. "Novel resource allocation schemes in optical burst switching networks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37051040.
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He, Jingyi. "Routing and channel assignment in optical and wireless networks /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202004%20HE.
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Li, Ji, and 李季. "Design and analysis of survivable WDM mesh networks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38574846.
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Gross, Michael Charles. "High-rate, short-pulse sources:jitter and pedestal level in optical time-division multiplexing." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5405.
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Chen, Wei. "Signal processing for optical performance monitoring and impairment mitigation." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1713.
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Optical performance monitoring is essential for managing optical networks. One important quantity to monitor is the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). And in high bit rate fiber optical systems operating at 10 Gb/s or beyond, compensating optical impairments becomes important. In this thesis, we investigate OSNR monitoring using beat noise and present two new OSNR monitoring techniques. We propose an OSNR monitoring technique using uncorrelated beat noise and show by experiment for a 10 Gb/s system that in the OSNR range from 10 dB to 30 dB, the proposed OSNR monitoring scheme has a measurement error of less than 0.5 dB. Then, we propose and experimentally demonstrate for the first time an OSNR monitoring technique using beat noise for optical packet switched networks which performs monitoring on a packet basis. The response time of the OSNR monitor can be around 10 ns and the OSNR measurement error is found to be less than 0.6 dB for OSNR from 10 dB to 30 dB. We also explore chromatic dispersion and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) mitigation using Viterbi equalization in 10 Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (NRZ-DPSK) and differential quadrature phase-shift keying (NRZ-DQPSK) systems. We show through simulations that using Viterbi equalizers improves the performance of NRZ-OOK, NRZ-DPSK and NRZ-DQPSK receivers. For NRZ-DQPSK receiver with a Viterbi equalizer, the chromatic dispersion tolerance is about 5048 ps/nm and the PMD tolerance is about 160 ps at 3 dB OSNR penalty.
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Kuo, Ping-piu, and 郭炳彪. "Fiber-based nonlinear photonic processor: a versatile platform for optical communication signal processing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4098817X.
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Kuo, Ping-piu. "Fiber-based nonlinear photonic processor a versatile platform for optical communication signal processing /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4098817X.
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Gross, Michael Charles. "High-rate, short-pulse sources jitter and pedestal level in optical time-division multiplexing /." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082004-180157/unrestricted/gross%5Fmichael%5Fc%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.
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Agrawal, Gaurav Medhi Deepankar. "Lightpath topology configuration for wavelength-routed IP/MPLS networks in a multi-layered environment integrated models, algorithms, and analysis /." Diss., UMK access, 2007.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2007.<br>"A dissertation in computer networking and telecommunication networking." Advisor: Deep Medhi. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Jan. 24, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-138). Online version of the print edition.
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Al-Fuqaha, Ala Isam Chaudhry Ghulam M. "Routing and wavelength assignment in all-optical DWDM networks with sparse wavelength conversion capabilities." Diss., UMK access, 2004.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004.<br>"A dissertation in engineering and computer networking." Advisor: Ghulam Chaudhry. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Feb. 22, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-157). Online version of the print edition.
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Huang, Hong. "Hybrid and resilient WDM mesh optical networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15751.
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LI, XIAOXU. "WAVELENGTH-DIVISION-MULTIPLEXED TRANSMISSION USING SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS AND ELECTRONIC IMPAIRMENT COMPENSATION." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4025.
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Over the last decade, rapid growth of broadband services necessitated research aimed at increasing transmission capacity in fiber-optic communication systems. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology has been widely used in fiber-optic systems to fully utilize fiber transmission bandwidth. Among optical amplifiers for WDM transmission, semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is a promising candidate, thanks to its broad bandwidth, compact size, and low cost. In transmission systems using SOAs, due to their large noise figures, high signal launching powers are required to ensure reasonable optical signal-to-noise ratio of the received signals. Hence the SOAs are operated in the saturation region and the signals will suffer from SOA impairments including self-gain modulation, self-phase modulation, and inter channel crosstalk effects such as cross-gain modulation, cross-phase modulation, and four-wave mixing in WDM. One possibility to circumvent these nonlinear impairments is to use constant-intensity modulation format in the 1310 nm window where dispersion is also negligible. In this dissertation, differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) WDM transmission in the 1310 nm window using SOAs was first considered to increase the capacity of existing telecommunication network. A WDM transmission of 4 x 10 Gbit/s DPSK signals over 540 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) using cascaded SOAs was demonstrated in a recirculating loop. In order to increase the transmission reach of such WDM systems, those SOA impairments must be compensated. To do so, an accurate model for quantum-dot (QD) SOA must be established. In this dissertation, the QD-SOA was modeled with the assumption of overall charge neutrality. Static gain was calculated. Optical modulation response and nonlinear phase noise were studied semi-analytically based on small-signal analysis.
The quantitative studies show that an ultrafast gain recovery time of ~0.1 ps can be achieved when QD-SOAs are under high current injection, which leads to high saturation output power. However more nonlinear phase noise is induced when the QD-SOAs are used in the transmission systems operating at 10 Gbit/s or 40 Gbit/s. Electronic post-compensation for SOA impairments using coherent detection and digital signal processing (DSP) was investigated next in this dissertation. An on-off keying transmission over 100 km SSMF using three SOAs at 1.3 [micrometer] were demonstrated experimentally with direct detection and SOA impairment compensation. The data pattern effect of the signal was compensated effectively. Both optimum launching power and Q-factor were improved by 8 dB. For advanced modulation formats involving phase modulation or in transmission windows with large dispersion, coherent detection must be used and fiber impairments in WDM systems need to be compensated as well. The proposed fiber impairment compensation is based on digital backward propagation. The corresponding DSP implementation was described and the required calculations as well as system latency were derived. Finally joint SOA and fiber impairment compensations were experimentally demonstrated for an amplitude-phase-shift keying transmission.<br>Ph.D.<br>Optics and Photonics<br>Optics and Photonics<br>Optics PhD
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Abou-Galala, Feras Moustafa. "True-time all optical performance monitoring by means of optical correlation." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180549555.
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Quintana, Joel. "Hybrid optical network using incoherent optical code division multiple access via optical delay lines." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Cheng, Kin On. "A multi-stage optical switch with output buffer using WDM for delay lines sharing /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202003%20CHENG.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-79). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Wang, Dongxue Michael. "Optoelectronic device simulation optical modeling for semiconductor optical amplifiers and solid state lighting /." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-03292006-132611/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.<br>Buck, John, Committee Co-Chair ; Ferguson, Ian, Committee Chair ; Krishnamurthy,Vikram, Committee Member ; Chang, Gee-Kung, Committee Member ; Callen, W. Russell Jr., Committee Member ; Summers, Christopher, Committee Member.
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Sharma, Ameeth. "Performance comparison of two dynamic shared-path protection algorithms for WDM optical mesh networks." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01262009-141918/.
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Mahloo, Mozhgan. "Reliability versus Cost in Next Generation Optical Access Networks." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122380.
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The ever increasing demands of Internet users caused by the introduction of new high bandwidth applications and online services as well as the growing number of users and devices connected to the Internet, bring many challenges for the operators, especially in the last mile section of the network. Next generation access architectures are expected to offer high sustainable bandwidth per user. They also need to support a much larger service areas to decrease number of current central offices and hence potentially save the network expenditures in the future. Obviously, it requires high capacity and low loss transmission and optical fiber technology is the only future proof candidates for broadband access. Although this technology has already been widely deployed in the core networks, it is hard to use the same expensive devices made for core segment to solve the last mile bottlenecks, due to the low number of users sharing the network resources (and deployment cost). Therefore, the next generation optical access (NGOA) networks need to be designed with consideration of cost efficiency in the first place. Network reliability is also turning to be an important aspect for the NGOA networks as a consequence of long reach, high client count and new services requiring uninterrupted access. Consequently, new architectures not only need to be cost efficient but also they should fulfill the increasing reliability requirements. Although several NGOA alternatives have been proposed in the literatures, there is not yet an agreement on a single architecture. As described earlier, network expenditure and reliability performance are the two main factors to be considered. Therefore, this thesis concentrates on finding a suitable alternative for future broadband access by evaluating the reliability performance and total cost of ownership for several NGOA candidates. In particular, in this thesis we analyze the tradeoff between the cost needed to deploy backup resources and the reliability performance improvement obtained by the provided survivability mechanism. First, we identified the suitable NGOA candidates by comparing two main groups of optical access networks, namely passive optical networks (PONs) and active optical networks (AONs), in terms of cost, reliability performance and power consumption. The initial results have shown that wavelength division multiplexing PON (WDM PON) is the most promising alternative for the NGOA networks because of its high potential capacity, low cost and power consumption. So we continued our studies by investigating two WDM-based PON architectures regarding their cost and reliability performance. The study has also included a proposed fiber layout compatible with these two candidates aiming to minimize the required investment needed to offer protection. Our primary results confirmed that hybrid PON (HPON) is the best alternative for the NGOA networks. Therefore we further analyzed this candidate considering several variants of HPON. The most important components and sections of the HPON, which need to be protected to decrease the impact of each failure in the network have been identified. Based on these outcomes, two resilience architectures protecting the shared part of the HPON were proposed and their reliability performance parameters as well as cost of protection were evaluated. According to the results, using our proposed protection schemes a considerable improvement in reliability performance of the HPON variants can be provided at minor extra investment. We also introduced a cost efficient HPON architecture with different levels of protection for users with various reliability requirements, i.e. the protection of shared parts of the access network for all the connected users and end-to-end resilience scheme for some selected ones (e.g., business users). To gain an overall view on the cost efficiency of the proposed architecture, we evaluated the investment required for deploying these schemes considering several network upgrading paths towards a protected network. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis investigating the influence of network deployments time and the density of the users with higher availability requirements was presented. In summary, we have shown that HPON is able to fulfill the main NGOA requirements such as high bandwidth per-user, large coverage and client count. The work carried out in the thesis has proved that HPON can also offer high reliability performance while keeping the network expenditures at an acceptable level. Moreover, low power consumption and high flexibility in resource allocation of this architecture, makes it a winning candidate for the NGOA networks. Therefore, HPON is a promising architecture to be deployed as NGOA network in the near future considering the fact that components are soon to be available in the market.<br><p>QC 20130530</p><br>FP7 EU project, Optical Access Seamless Evolution(OASE)
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Song, Jun. "Electromagnetic simulation and design of etched diffraction grating demultiplexers." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4791.
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Among various planar lightwave circuits for multiplexing/demultiplexing in an optical communication system, etched diffraction gratings (EDGs) have shown great potential due to their compactness and high spectral finesse. Conventional numerical methods for grating simulation cannot be used to simulate an EDG demultiplexer of large size (in terms of the wavelength). In the present thesis, the polarization-dependent characteristics of an EDG demultiplexer are analyzed with a boundary element method (BEM) for both an echelle grating coated with a metal and a dielectric grating with total internal reflection (TIR) facets. For EDGs with metal-coated facets, we use a more effective method, namely, method of moments (MoM). Futhermore, a fast simulation method for EDGs with TIR facets is presented based on the Kirchhoff–Huygens principle and the Goos-Hänchen shift. This simple method has a good agreement with a BEM over a wide range of practical parameters of the device. Several novel designs are presented in order to improve the performances of EDGs. (1) By making some appropriate roughness on the surface of the shaded facets, the PDL of the demultiplexer can be effectively reduced over a large bandwith. (2) For EDGs based on Si nanowire structures, we compensate the polarization-dependent wavelength dispersion (PDλ) in the whole operational spectrum by introducing a polarization compensation area in its free propagation region. (3) An EDG demultiplexer with suppressed sidelobe is designed. The designed EDG demultiplexer can give a crosstalk as small as 50 dB in theory. (4) By chirping the diffraction order for each facet, we minimize the envelope intensity for the other adjacent diffraction orders to achieve a negligible return loss in a large spectral width. (5) A design for EDG demultiplexers is presented to obtain both large grating facets and a larger free spectral range (FSR) using the optimal chirped diffraction orders for different facets. The influences of the fabrication errors (e.g., rounded effect, surface roughness and point defect in the waveguide) on the performance (such as the insertion loss, the polarization dependent loss and the chromatic dispersion) of an EDG demultiplexer are also analyzed in detail. Silicon nanowire waveguides and related EDGs are studied. An EDG demultiplexer with 10 nm spacing is finally fabricated and characterized.<br>QC 20100910
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Liu, David Q. "Differentiated service support in optical burst switching WDM networks." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1063310775.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxvii, 229 p. : ill. Advisor: Ming-Tsan Mike Liu, Department of Computer and Information Science. Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-229).
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Jacobsson, Fredrik. "DPSK modulation format for optical communication using FBG demodulator." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2307.
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<p>The task of the project was to evaluate a differential phase shift keying demodulation technique by replacing a Mach-Zehnder interferometer receiver with an optical filter (Fiber Bragg Grating). Computer simulations were made with single optical transmission, multi channel systems and transmission with combined angle/intensity modulated optical signals. The simulations showed good results at both 10 and 40 Gbit/s. Laboratory experiments were made at 10 Gbit/s to verify the simulation results. It was found that the demodulation technique worked, but not with satisfactory experimental results. The work was performed at Eindhoven University of Technology, Holland, within the framework of the STOLAS project at the department of Electro-optical communication.</p>
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Shahpari, Ali. "Next generation optical access networks : technologies and economics." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14857.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia Eletrotécnica - Telecomunicações<br>The work presented herein, studies Next Generation Optical Access Networks (NG-OAN) economically (e.g. energy consumption) and technologically (e.g. rate, reach and dedicated/shared bandwidth). The work is divided into four main topics: energy efficiency in optical access architectures, novel spectrally efficient Long-Reach Passive Optical Networks (LR-PON), crosstalk impacts in heterogeneous and homogenous access networks and hybrid optical wireless transmissions.
We investigate the impact of user profiles, optical distribution network topologies and equipment characteristics on resource sharing and power consumption in LR-PON. To have a clear vision on the energy consumption evolution of each part of NG-OAN, a model is proposed to evaluate the energy efficiency of optical access technologies.
A spectrally efficient bidirectional Ultra-Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (UDWDM) PON architecture is developed using Nyquist shaped 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation, offering up to 10 Gb/s service capabilities per user or wavelength. Performance of this system in terms of receiver sensitivity and nonlinear tolerance under different network transmission capacity conditions are experimentally optimized. In bi-directional transmis-sion, using frequency up/down-shifting of Nyquist pulse shaped signal from optical carrier, a full bandwidth allocation and easy maintenance of UDWDM networks as well as reduction of Rayleigh back-scattering are achieved. Moreover, self-homodyne detection is used to relax the laser linewidth requirement and digital signal processing complexity at the optical network unit.
Simplified numerical model to estimate the impact of Raman crosstalk of multi-system next generation PONs in video overlay is proposed. Coexistence of considered G.98X ITU-T series and coherent multi-wavelength systems is considered and assessed.
Additionally, the performances of bidirectional hybrid optical wireless coherent PONs over different optical distribution network power budgets and hybrid splitting ratios are evaluated.<br>O trabalho aqui apresentado estuda redes óticas de acesso de próxima geração (NG-OAN) nas vertentes económica (consumo de energia) e tecnológica (taxa, alcance e largura de banda dedicada/partilhada). O trabalho está dividido em quatro grandes temas de investigação: a eficiência energética em arquiteturas de acesso ótico, as redes óticas passivas de longo alcance (LR-PON) com nova eficiência espetral, o impacto da diafonia em redes de acesso heterogéneas e homogéneas e as transmissões ópticas híbridas com tecnologias sem fio.
Investiga-se o impacto dos perfis dos utilizadores, as tipologias da rede de distribuição ótica, as características do equipamento de partilha de recursos e o consumo de energia em LR-PON. Para se ter uma visão clara sobre o consumo de energia de cada parte das NG-OAN, é proposto um modelo para avaliar a eficiência energética das tecnologias de acesso óticas.
Desenvolve-se uma arquitetura PON bi-direcional com elevada eficiência espetral, recorrendo a multiplexagem por divisão de comprimento de onda ultra-densa (UDWDM), modulação de amplitude em quadratura com formato de impulso de Nyquist, oferecendo até 10 Gb/s por utilizador/comprimento de onda. O desempenho deste sistema em termos de sensibilidade do recetor e da tolerância à resposta não linear do canal de comunicação, sob diferentes condições de transmissão, é avaliado experimentalm-ente. Em transmissão bi-direcional, utilizando desvio de frequência (cima/baixo) do impulso com formato de Nyquist relativo à portadora ótica conseguiu-se uma alocação de largura de banda completa e uma manutenção mais simplificada de redes UDWDM, bem como a redução do espalhamento de Rayleigh. Além disso, a deteção auto-homodina é usada para relaxar o requisito de largura de linha do laser e a complexidade do processamento digital de sinal nas unidades da rede ótica.
Propõe-se um modelo numérico simplificado para estimar o impacto da diafonia de Raman em sistemas PON de próxima geração, com sobreposição do sinal de vídeo. É analisada a coexistência da série G.98X ITU-T e são considerados e avaliados sistemas coerentes multi-comprimento de onda.
Adicionalmente avaliam-se os desempenhos de PONs bi-direcionais híbridas, considerando tecnologia coerente e propagação por espaço livre, para diferentes balanços de potência e taxas de repartição na rede ótica de distribuição.
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Cowin, Michael. "Integrated polymeric components for wavelength division multiplexing." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364964.
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Provost, Lionel Andre. "Simultaneous all-optical processing of wavelength division multiplexing channels." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/210988/.
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In this thesis, the possibility of simultaneous all-optical regeneration of wavelengthdivision multiplexed (WDM) signals within the same optical device is investigated. The optical regeneration scheme discussed in this thesis relies on the exploitation of the SPM induced by the optical Kerr nonlinearity within an optical fibre. In the work presented in this thesis, I report the extension of a particular single-channel all-optical 2R regenerator suitable for on-off keying return-to-zero modulation format to WDM operation. The device is referred to as the Mamyshev regenerator, and provides both Re-amplification and Re-shaping capabilities for the incoming optical signal. An in-depth analysis of the single-channel device reveals that remarkable and simple scaling rules can be established to relate the output properties of the optical regenerate to the characteristics of the incoming signal to be regenerated and key physical parameters defining the optical regenerator. The analysis allows general conclusions to be drawn on the mitigation strategies to be implemented to extend the scheme to the multi-channel case. The extension to the multi-channel scenario is then examined. Minimization of the interaction time between adjacent channels is introduced by inducing a sufficient walkoff between co-propagating signals. The strength of the inter-channel nonlinearities can be sufficiently reduced to preserve the optical regeneration capabilities. Two techniques are therefore reported. One is based on the counter-propagation of two optical signals within the same piece of nonlinear fibre. The second relies on polarization multiplexing of two co-propagating signals. Theoretical aspects and experimental demonstrations at 10 Gb/s, 40 Gb/s, and 130 Gb/s are reported
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Luo, Xubin. "Wavelength Division Multiplexing Optical Networks for Supporting Grid Computing." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1221753325.
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Khattab, Tamer. "Optical Code Division Multiplexing for sub-wavelength switching systems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31083.
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Optical Code Division Multiplexing (OCDMA) is a method used to enable simultaneous transmission of multiple optical data flows over the same fiber using the same wavelength. In OCDMA, isolation between different data flows is achieved using a set of uncorrelated, or loosely correlated, spreading codes to encode the transmitted signal and decode it at the receiver side. The process of encoding and decoding is performed entirely in the optical domain without the need for optical-to-electrical-to-optical conversion. This increases the granularity of traffic isolation in the optical domain while maintaining higher speed switching because of the all-optical encoding/decoding capability. Although code division multiplexing is a well established technique in wireless transmission where all processing of data and switching are performed electronically, there are many challenges in applying this scheme in the optical domain mainly due to the different characteristics of the medium and the fact that negative-valued signals are not easy to produce.
This thesis has three main objectives: to deploy OCDMA as a switching mechanism at the sub-wavelength level in order to increase the granularity of traffic isolation in all-optical core switching, to design new mechanisms that enhance the performance of OCDMA as a multiplexing method over long-haul optical fiber transmissions, and to
model the performance of OCDMA based switching and multiplexing mechanisms.
All-optical switching at the core of the network provides very high speed switching. However, it suffers from low utilization or lack of quality of service guarantees due to lack of fine granularity traffic isolation. This thesis presents an optical network architecture called Optical Code Labeled Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (OC-GMPLS), which utilizes OCDMA as a switching mechanism in backbone GMPLS networks. OC-GMPLS uses OCDMA as an all-optical labeling space in GMPLS switching in order to achieve finer granularity switching at the all-optical network core.
The deployment of OC-GMPLS networks mandates performance modeling to show its advantages and to enable tuning of the new network parameters so that performance can be optimized. In this thesis we present an analytical model for the throughput and switching capacity of OC-GMPLS networks. Using our model, we show how to find optimal operating points for OC-GMPLS networks based on physical layer and network layer parameters.
The performance of OC-GMPLS networks depends on the performance of OCDMA transmission, which is affected by the modulation method and the optical spreading codes properties. In order to enhance the performance of OC-GMPLS networks, we take two different approaches. The first approach is based on proposing a modulation mechanism that enhances the communication reliability while maintaining low bit error rate for OCDMA transmissions. Our Chip-Level Modulated Binary Pulse Position Modulation (CLM-BPPM) scheme provides a simple to implement (in the all-optical domain) yet a
very powerful physical layer method for sending multiple optical flows using OCDMA while maintaining the Bit Error Rate (BER) due to Multiple Access Interference (MAI) effects between these flows at a low level of about 10⁻¹² for 10 simultaneous users. Our method provides a better capability in terms of clock recovery and user activity detection while achieving error rates in the range of those provided by On-Off Keying (OOK).
Performance of OCDMA transmission depends to a great extent on the efficiency of the codes used to perform the multiplexing. In order to tackle this side, we investigate the problem of Optical Orthogonal Code (OOC) design by proposing a method called Rejected Delays Reuse (RDR) for constructing OOCs using an element-by-element based greedy algorithm. We show that our method provides a computationally less complex algorithm for designing OOCs, which makes it more practical. Our analysis and simulation results show that OOCs designed using the RDR greedy method are also higher in multiplexing efficiency than OOCs designed using classical element-by-element constructions. This is because RDR designed OOCs possesses smaller code lengths for the same code cardinality and weight than their counterpart classical element-by-element greedy designed codes.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of<br>Graduate
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Leith, Christopher. "Analytical models for all-optical networks employing wavelength division multiplexing and wavelength conversion." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0002/MQ42649.pdf.
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GETANEH, WORKALEMAHU AGEREKIBRE. "Optical Time Domain Reflectometer based Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network Monitoring." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-105149.
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This project focuses on wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) supervision using optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) for detection and localization of any fault occurred in optical distribution network. The objective is to investigate the impact of OTDR monitoring signal on the data transmission in the WDM-PON based on wavelength re-use system, where the same wavelength is assigned for both upstream and downstream to each end user. Experimental validation has been carried out to measure three different schemes, i.e. back-to-back, WDM-PON with and without OTDR connection by using 1xN and NxN arrayed waveguide gratings. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison has been made to trace out the effect of the monitoring signal which is transmitted together with the data through the implemented setup. Finally, the result has confirmed that the OTDR supervision signal does not affect the data transmission. The experiment has been carried out at Ericsson AB, Kista.
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Handley, Michael Robert. "Dynamic wavelength assignment in WDM passive optical networks." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367729.
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This thesis is concerned with the study of dynamic wavelength assignment in wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) passive optical networks (PONs), which is one option for implementing WDM in access networks. A discrete event simulation is developed using the Block Oriented Network Simulator (BONeS) package to compare a WDM PON using dynamic wavelength allocation with one utilizing fixed wavelengths. The model is used in conjunction with a traffic profile constructed using market research data to show bandwidth savings for dynamic assignment of between 4 and 20 % depending on the number of customers and the services distributed. It is shown that the alternative approach of using the Erlang laws underestimates these benefits. An upstream protocol for real-time services with a Fibre To The Cabinet (FTTCab) configuration is developed for single wavelength PONs. It is shown that using connectionbased information does not improve the performance of such a protocol. A segment based protocol which provides timing information on cell arrivals to reduce CDV is modelled and optimized. The results show that a frame of 766 ps divided into 10 segments allows the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) delay and cell delay variation (CDV) targets to be met. The protocol and modelling process is then extended to a WDM system with multiple service classes and non-negligible tuning times. A mechanism for masking tuning latencies which achieves a throughput efficiency of over 98% is designed and modeled. An improvement in performance is then demonstrated for rapid retuning at frame level compared with wavelength assignment at connection set-up. Finally, a new architecture for transferring the tunable devices from the optical network units (ONUs) to the optical line termination (OLT) is proposed. The reduction in the number of tunable components enables cost savings. The efficient transmission of broadcast and multicast traffic is demonstrated using this architecture.
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Benyahya, Kaoutar. "Mode group division multiplexing for short reach optical communications." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S117.
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La demande croissante du trafic de données sera alimentée par des technologies révolutionnaires telles que la réalité virtuelle (VR), la réalité augmentée (AR) et l’Internet des objets (IoT). Par conséquent, les réseaux optiques devraient répondre aux besoins de ces services en termes de débit, faible temps de réponse et grande fiabilité. En effet, les hauts débits représentent un besoin critique pour les systèmes de communication à fibre optique déployés dans les réseaux locaux ainsi que dans les centres de données. Pour ces deux applications, les systèmes basés sur la modulation d'intensité et la détection directe de cette dernière sont très attractifs en raison de leur faible coût et de leur compatibilité avec les applications à courte distance. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous répondons à la nécessité d’augmenter les débits pour les systèmes de communication optiques à courte distance basés sur le multiplexage de groupe de modes et la détection directe. Tout d'abord, nous visons à augmenter la capacité des fibres multimodes standard déjà déployées dans les réseaux locaux et à l’intérieur des centres de données où la distance est inférieure à 5 km. Deuxièmement, nous étendons notre solution aux applications avec des distances de déploiement plus longues telles que les connexions entre les centres de données. Dans les deux cas, les architectures des liens optiques, y compris les émetteurs, les récepteurs et les fibres optiques, sont analysées. De plus, les formats de modulation adaptés aux systèmes basés sur la détection directe tels que le format de modulation mono-porteuse 4-PAM et celui multi-porteuse DMT sont comparés dans le contexte de la transmission basée sur le multiplexage spatial. Nous avons démontré les avantages du multiplexage de groupes de modes combiné à la détection directe pour augmenter le débit transmit sur une seule fibre. Premièrement, 5 Tb / s ont été démontré sur 2,2 km de fibre multimode conventionnelle (OM2). Deuxièmement, un record de transmission de 14,5 Tb / s sur fibre OM2 est démontré au moment correspondant à sa réalisation. Enfin, 200 Gb / s sur 20 km de fibre faiblement multimode (FMF) a été démontré, ce qui étend les avantages du multiplexage par groupes de modes aux applications à longue distance par rapport aux réseaux LAN où la distance maximale est limitée à 5 km<br>The ever-growing demand of data traffic will be fuelled by revolutionary technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and Internet of things (IoT). Therefore, optical networks should support the requirements of these services in terms of high capacity, low latency and high reliability. In fact, large scale capacity is a critical need for fiber optic communication systems deployed in local area networks as well as in datacenters. For both applications, systems relying on intensity modulation and direct detection (IMDD) are highly demanded due to their low cost and compatibility with short range applications. In this thesis, we address the need of increasing the data rates for short reach optical communication systems based on mode group division multiplexing and direct detection schemes. Firstly, we focus on increasing the capacity of already deployed standard multimode fibers in local area networks and intra-datacenters communication where the distance is shorter than 5 km. Secondly, we extend our solution to longer reach applications such as inter-datacenter interconnects. In both cases, optical link architectures, including transmitters, receivers and the optical fibers are analysed. Moreover, modulation formats adapted to IMDD systems such as single carrier 4-PAM and multicarrier DMT are compared in the context of space division multiplexing transmission. In this work we demonstrated the achievable benefit of mode group multiplexing combined with IMDD schemes. First, 5 Tb/s has been achieved over 2.2 km of conventional multimode fiber (OM2). Secondly, transmission record at the corresponding time of its realization of 14.5 Tb/s over OM2 fiber is demonstrated. Finally, 200 Gb/s over 20 km of FMF has been achieved which extend the benefit of mode group multiplexing to longer reach applications compared to LAN and intra-datacenter where the maximum distance is limited to 5 km
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Rothnie, Derek Malcolm. "Link optimisation for optical WDM transmission systems." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298281.
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