Academic literature on the topic 'Wavelet 2D-M'
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Journal articles on the topic "Wavelet 2D-M"
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KALAJE, Abdulfatah, and Hasan DEMİR. "EEG Sinyallerinde Wavelet Dönüşümü ve CNN ile Duygu Tanıma." MAS Journal of Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (2025): 81–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15088482.
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Bu çalışmada farklı Wavelet Dönüşümü yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Wavelet Dönüşümü katsayıları kullanılarak edilen öznitelikler ile yapay sinir ağları ve konvolüsyonel sinir ağları kullanılarak EEG sinyallerinde duygu tanıma yapılmıştır. Dört kişiden alınan üç farklı duyguya ait EEG sinyallerine ait dataseti kullanılmıştır. Stresli, nötr ve rahat duyguları sınıflama amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Sürekli wavelet dönüşümü (CWT), 1D ve 2D için ayrık wavelet dönüşümü (DWT) ve senkronize sıkıştırılmış wavelet dönüşümü (SSWT) ile elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılarak EEG sinyallerinde duygu tanıma işlemi için uygun wavelet dönüşümü belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Senkronize sıkıştırılmış wavelet dönüşümünün (SSWT) en yüksek doğruluk, kesinlik, duyarlılık, özgüllük ve F1-skoru ile duygu sınıflandırması için en etkili algoritma olduğu görülmüştür.
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Amhar, Fahmi, Endang Purnama Giri, Florence Elfriede Sinthauli Silalahi, et al. "Ownership Protection on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Using Transform-Based Watermarking." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 3 (2022): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11030200.
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This research aims to protect Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data from piracy or counterfeiting. An invisible watermark inserted into the data, which will not considerably change the data value, is necessary. The proposed method involves the use of the two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2D DCT), a combination of 2D DCT and discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform (2D DFT) in the frequency domain. The data used include a National DEM file downloaded from the geoportal of the Geospatial Information Agency (Badan Informasi Geospasial—BIG). Three files represent mountainous, lowland/urban, and coastal areas. An “attack” is also conducted on the watermarked DEM by cropping. The results indicate that the watermarked DEM is well recognized. The watermark can be read 100% for 2D DCT, while that for 2D DFT can be read 90.50%. The distortion value of the elevation data under the DCT technique demonstrates the smallest maximum value of 0.1 m compared with 4.5 and 1.1 m for 2D DFT and 2D DCT–DWT. Meanwhile, the height difference (Max Delta), the peak signal-to-noise ratio, and the root mean squared error (RMSE) are highest in mountainous, lowland, and coastal areas, respectively. Overall, the 2D DCT is also superior to the 2D DFT and the2D DCT–DWT. Although only one can recognize the nine watermarks inserted on each sheet, DEMs attacked by the cropping process can still be identified. However, this finding can sufficiently confirm that DEMs belong to BIG.
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Medina, Javier, Nelson Vera, and Erika Upegui. "A comparative study for the assessment of Ikonos satellite image-fusion techniques." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 25, no. 1 (2022): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i1.pp256-264.
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I<span>Image-fusion provide users with detailed information about the urban and rural environment, which is useful for applications such as urban planning and management when higher spatial resolution images are not available. There are different image fusion methods. This paper implements, evaluates, and compares six satellite image-fusion methods, namely wavelet 2D-M transform, gram schmidt, high-frequency modulation, high pass filter (HPF) transform, simple mean value, and PCA. An Ikonos image (Panchromatic-PAN and multispectral-MULTI) showing the northwest of Bogotá (Colombia) is used to generate six fused images</span>: MULTI<sub>Wavelet 2D-M</sub>, MULTI<sub>G-S</sub>, MULTI<sub>MHF</sub>, MULTI<sub>HPF</sub>, MULTI<sub>SMV</sub>, and MULTI<sub>PCA</sub>. <span>In order to assess the efficiency of the six image-fusion methods, the resulting images were evaluated in terms of both spatial quality and spectral quality. To this end, four metrics were applied, namely the correlation index, erreur relative globale adimensionnelle de synthese (ERGAS), relative average spectral error (RASE) and the Q index. The best results were obtained for the </span> MULTI<sub>SMV</sub> image, which exhibited spectral correlation higher than 0.85, a Q index of 0.84, and the highest scores in spectral assessment according to ERGAS and RASE, 4.36% and 17.39% respectively.
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Javier, Medina1 2., Vera2 Nelson, and Upegui1 2. Erika. "A comparative study for the assessment of Ikonos satellite image-fusion techniques." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 25, no. 1 (2022): 256–64. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i1.pp256-264.
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Image-fusion provide users with detailed information about the urban and rural environment, which is useful for applications such as urban planning and management when higher spatial resolution images are not available. There are different image fusion methods. This paper implements, evaluates, and compares six satellite image-fusion methods, namely wavelet 2D-M transform, gram schmidt, high-frequency modulation, high pass filter (HPF) transform, simple mean value, and PCA. An Ikonos image (PanchromaticPAN and multispectral-MULTI) showing the northwest of Bogotá (Colombia) is used to generate six fused images: MULTIWavelet 2D-M, MULTIG-S, MULTIMHF, MULTIHPF, MULTISMV, and MULTIPCA. In order to assess the efficiency of the six image-fusion methods, the resulting images were evaluated in terms of both spatial quality and spectral quality. To this end, four metrics were applied, namely the correlation index, erreur relative globale adimensionnelle de synthese (ERGAS), relative average spectral error (RASE) and the Q index. The best results were obtained for the MULTISMV image, which exhibited spectral correlation higher than 0.85, a Q index of 0.84, and the highest scores in spectral assessment according to ERGAS and RASE, 4.36% and 17.39% respectively.
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Osipov, A. V., E. S. Pleshakova, and S. T. Gataullin. "Production processes optimization through machine learning methods based on geophysical monitoring data." Computer Optics 48, no. 4 (2024): 633–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-co-1373.
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The purpose of the article is to create an effective method for low-delay monitoring of the operating state of a drill string and a drill bit without interfering with the proper drilling process. For the drilling process to be continuously controlled, an experimental setup that operates by utilizing the phase-metric method of control was developed. Any movement of the bit causes a change in the electrical characteristics of the probing signal. To obtain a stable signal from a bit immersion depth of up to 250 m, a frequency of probing electrical signals of 166 Hz and an amplitude of up to 500 V were used; the sampling rate of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) was 10101 Hz. To identify the state of the drill string and the bit based on graphs of time-dependences of changes in the probing signal electrical characteristics, the present authors investigated a number of deep learning methods. Based on the results of the study, a series of capsular neural network methods ( CapsNet ) was chosen. The authors developed modifications of 2D-CapsNet: windowed Fourier transform (WFT) - 2D-CapsNet and frequency slice wavelet transform (FSWT) - 2D-CapsNet. Both of these methods showed a 99% accuracy in determining the transition between two layers of rocks with different properties, which is 2–3% higher than the currently used measurement-while-drilling (MWD) and logging-while-drilling (LWD) rock surveys. Both of these methods unambiguously reveal self-oscillations in the drill string. When determining a fully serviceable bit in the case of self-oscillations, the (FSWT) - 2D-CapsNet method showed an accuracy of 99%.
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Seelam, Naresh Kumar, Thinesh Kumar, Santosh Dhubia, Gangumalla Srinivasa Rao, and Sanjit Kumar Pal. "Enhancing Thin Coal Seam Detection in Eastern Indian Coalfields Using ICWT-Decon-Based Seismic Attributes and Acoustic Impedance Inversion." Minerals 14, no. 9 (2024): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14090920.
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A high-resolution seismic survey (HRSS) is often used in coal exploration to bridge the data gap between two consecutive boreholes and avoid ambiguity in geological interpretation. The application of high-resolution seismic surveys in the Indian context is challenging as the delineation of thin non-coal layers within the coal layer requires a very high seismic data resolution. However, conventional seismic processing techniques fail to resolve thin coal/non-coal layers and faults, which is crucial for the precise estimation of coal resources and mine economics. To address these issues, we applied the inverse continuous wavelet transform deconvolution (ICWT-Decon) technique to post-stack depth-migrated seismic sections. We examined the feasibility of the ICWT-Decon technique in both a synthetic post-stack depth-migrated model and 2D/3D seismic data from the North Karanpura and Talcher Coalfields in Eastern India. The results offered enhanced seismic sections, attributes (similarity and sweetness), and acoustic inversion that aided in the precise positioning of faults and the delineation of a thin non-coal layer of 4.68 m within a 16.7 m coal seam at an approximate depth of 450 m to 550 m. This helped in the refinement of the resource estimation from 74.96 MT before applying ICWT-Decon to 55.92 MT afterward. Overall, the results of the study showed enhancements in the seismic data resolution, the better output of seismic attributes, and acoustic inversion, which could enable more precise lithological and structural interpretation.
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Borisov, Dmitry, Fuchun Gao, Paul Williamson, and Jeroen Tromp. "Application of 2D full-waveform inversion on exploration land data." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 2 (2020): R75—R86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0082.1.
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Estimating subsurface seismic properties is an important topic in civil engineering, oil and gas exploration, and global seismology. We have developed an application of 2D elastic waveform inversion with an active-source on-shore data set, as is typically acquired in exploration seismology on land. The maximum offset is limited to 12 km, and the lowest available frequency is 5 Hz. In such a context, surface waves are generally treated as noise and are removed as a part of data processing. In contrast to the conventional approach, our workflow starts by inverting surface waves to constrain shallow parts of the shear wavespeed model. To mitigate cycle skipping, frequency- and offset-continuation approaches are used. To accurately take into account free-surface effects (and irregular topography), a spectral-element-based wave propagation solver is used for forward modeling. To reduce amplitude influences, a normalized crosscorrelation (NC) objective function is used in conjunction with systematic updates of the source wavelet during the inversion process. As the inversion proceeds, body waves are gradually incorporated in the process. At the final stage, surface and body waves are inverted together using the entire offset range over the band between 5 and 15 Hz. The inverted models include high-resolution features in the first 500 m of compressional and shear wavespeeds, with some model updates down to 4.0 km in the first parameter. The inversion results confirmed by well-log information, indicate a better fit of compressional to shear wavespeeds ratios compared with the initial model. The final data fit is also noticeably improved compared to the initial one. Although our results confirm previous studies demonstrating that an NC norm combined with a source time function correction can partly stabilize purely elastic inversions of viscoelastic data, we believe that including an attenuation depth model in the forward simulation gives better results.
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Wang, Yi, Xueyi Shang, and Kang Peng. "Locating Mine Microseismic Events in a 3D Velocity Model through the Gaussian Beam Reverse-Time Migration Technique." Sensors 20, no. 9 (2020): 2676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092676.
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Microseismic (MS) source location is a fundamental and critical task in mine MS monitoring. The traditional ray tracing-based location method can be easily affected by many factors, such as multi-ray path effects, waveform focusing and defocusing of wavefield propagation, and low picking precision of seismic phase arrival. By contrast, the Gaussian beam reverse-time migration (GBRTM) location method can effectively and correctly model the influences of multi-path effects and wavefield focusing and defocusing in complex 3D media, and it takes advantages of the maximum energy focusing point as the source location with the autocorrelation imaging condition, which drastically reduces the requirements of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and picking accuracy of P-wave arrival. The Gaussian beam technique has been successfully applied in locating natural earthquake events and hydraulic fracturing-induced MS events in one-dimensional (1D) or simple two-dimensional (2D) velocity models. The novelty of this study is that we attempted to introduce the GBRTM technique into a mine MS event location application and considered utilizing a high-resolution tomographic 3D velocity model for wavefield back propagation. Firstly, in the synthetic test, the GBRTM location results using the correct 2D velocity model and different homogeneous velocity models are compared to show the importance of velocity model accuracy. Then, it was applied and verified by eight location premeasured blasting events. The synthetic results show that the spectrum characteristics of the recorded blasting waveforms are more complicated than those generated by the ideal Ricker wavelet, which provides a pragmatic way to evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the MS event location method. The GBRTM location method does not need a highly accurate picking of phase arrival, just a simple detection criterion that the first arrival waveform can meet the windowing requirements of wavefield back propagation, which is beneficial for highly accurate and automatic MS event location. The GBRTM location accuracy using an appropriate 3D velocity model is much higher than that of using a homogeneous or 1D velocity model, emphasizing that a high-resolution velocity model is very critical to the GBRTM location method. The average location error of the GBRTM location method for the eight blasting events is just 17.0 m, which is better than that of the ray tracing method using the same 3D velocity model (26.2 m).
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Alejandra, Arecco. "Magnetogravimetric study on the Scotia Plate, in the South Atlantic Ocean for the characterization of tsunamis." Earthquake 2, no. 1 (2024): 1880. http://dx.doi.org/10.59429/ear.v2i1.1880.
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The marine and coastal environments of the Scotia Sea regions in the Southern Atlantic Ocean and Antarctica are vulnerable to the potentially disastrous effects of seismic activity along the Scotia Arc. This paper presents a magnetogravimetric study of the Scotia Plate for tsunami characterization. The influence of earthquakes on the Geomagnetic Field (GMF) is investigated using data from INTERMAGNET network observatories. A tectonic model is evaluated using gravity data from NOAA and seismic refraction data from Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. The study also assesses the impact on water level (WL) measured at Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) tide gauge stations. Cross Wavelet Transform (XWT) is applied, and a frequency analysis of the GMF is conducted to identify specific frequencies during seismic events. A 2D tectonic model is constructed for the North Scotia Ridge using gravimetric and seismic data to characterize structural boundaries that may be activated during seismic events. Water level records collected from 6 tide gauge stations in the region are filtered and analyzed to identify tsunamis at each station. The results reveal anomalous frequencies in the frequency analysis of the horizontal component of the GMF during the November 25, 2013 earthquake, with high data correlation from different observatories in the study area for periods of 0.5 and 1 hour. Gravimetric modeling delineates faults activated during seismic activity and edges of structures potentially activated due to the transcurrent and compressional nature of the margin. WL anomalies up to 1.30 m are obtained following earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 8. The propagation speed in the study area averaged 460 km/h, consistent with the expected speed for those depths, except for Puerto Argentino, which exceeded them in 50%.
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Dugstad, Johannes S., Pål Erik Isachsen, and Ilker Fer. "The mesoscale eddy field in the Lofoten Basin from high-resolution Lagrangian simulations." Ocean Science 17, no. 3 (2021): 651–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-651-2021.
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Abstract. Warm Atlantic-origin waters are modified in the Lofoten Basin in the Nordic Seas on their way toward the Arctic. An energetic eddy field redistributes these waters in the basin. Retained for extended periods, the warm waters result in large surface heat losses to the atmosphere and have an impact on fisheries and regional climate. Here, we describe the eddy field in the Lofoten Basin by analyzing Lagrangian simulations forced by a high-resolution numerical model. We obtain trajectories of particles seeded at three levels – near the surface, at 200 m and at 500 m depth – using 2D and 3D velocity fields. About 200 000 particle trajectories are analyzed from each level and each simulation. Using multivariate wavelet ridge analysis, we identify coherent cyclonic and anticyclonic vortices in the trajectories and describe their characteristics. We then compare the evolution of water properties inside cyclones and anticyclones as well as in the ambient flow outside vortices. As measured from Lagrangian particles, anticyclones have longer lifetimes than cyclones (16–24 d compared to 13–19 d), a larger radius (20–22 km compared to 17–19 km) and a more circular shape (ellipse linearity of 0.45–0.50 compared to 0.51–0.57). The angular frequencies for cyclones and anticyclones have similar magnitudes (absolute values of about 0.05f). The anticyclones are characterized by warm temperature anomalies, whereas cyclones are colder than the background state. Along their path, water parcels in anticyclones cool at a rate of 0.02–0.04 ∘Cd-1, while those in cyclones warm at a rate of 0.01–0.02 ∘Cd-1. Water parcels experience a net downward motion in anticyclones and upward motion in cyclones, often found to be related to changes in temperature and density. The along-path changes in temperature, density and depth are smaller for particles in the ambient flow. An analysis of the net temperature and vorticity fluxes into the Lofoten Basin shows that while vortices contribute significantly to the heat and vorticity budgets, they only cover a small fraction of the domain area (about 6 %). The ambient flow, including filaments and other non-coherent variability undetected by the ridge analysis, hence plays a major role in closing the budgets of the basin.
Book chapters on the topic "Wavelet 2D-M"
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Mohamed, Boussif, and Mnassri Aymen. "A New Efficient Crypto-Watermarking Method for Medical Images Security Based on Encrypted EPR Embedding in Its DICOM Imaging." In Applications of Encryption and Watermarking for Information Security. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4945-5.ch004.
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Digitalization of media has exploded in recent years. It has resulted in the rise of private data hacking, which has been increased by the growth of the data exchange system, i.e., the Internet, as well as the simple access to storage media. New approaches, such as watermarking in (C. Iwendi et al., 2020; D. Datta et al, 2021; Randhir Kumar et al,2021), are being used to combat these hackers. The application of image watermarking technologies to medical images, as proposed in (Nazari, M., et al, 2021; Thanki, R, 2021; Manoj K., 2020), is the focus of this research. In this chapter, we propose a new robust blind crypto-watermarking solution for medical imaging or DICOM file (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) security based on masking (or hide) electronic patient information (patient name, patient ID, patient age...) in its medical imaging, then, erases them from the tag of the DICOM. Before being included into medical imaging, DICOM patient information, or EPR, is encrypted using a modified AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) encryption technique. The image is broken into 8x8 pixel chunks. In each block, we use the 2D-LWT (Lifting wavelet transform), 2D-DCT (discrete cosine transforms), and SVD (singular value decomposition) to insert one bit of the encrypted watermark into the hybrid transform domain. Various attacks, such as noise, filtering, scaling, and compression, are used to test the method. According to the obtained results the watermark (EPR) is imperceptible in the imaging, and the suggested technique has passed the attacks test with success.
Conference papers on the topic "Wavelet 2D-M"
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Chaux, Caroline, Jean-Christophe Pesquet, and Laurent Duval. "2D Dual-Tree Complex Biorthogonal M-Band Wavelet Transform." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2007.366812.
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Song, Beibei. "Improve the Directional Representation of 2D M-band Undecimated Wavelet Transforms." In Fifth International Conference on Image and Graphics (ICIG 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icig.2009.67.
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Agarwal, Mohit, Manish Sharma, Shruti Sehgal, and Shantanu. "2D to 3D image transformation using wavelet technique." In 2014 International Conference on Medical Imaging, m-Health and Emerging Communication Systems (MedCom). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/medcom.2014.7005991.
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