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Books on the topic 'Ways of citizenship'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

William, Bramhall, Avon Books, and Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), eds. 100 ways to love America. New York: Avon Books, 1991.

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2

Lee, Jenniffer. 100 ways to strengthen & unify our country. West Palm Beach, FL: Aribet Books, 2001.

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3

How green is your class?: Over 50 ways your pupils can make a difference. London : New York, NY: Continuum International Pub., 2008.

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4

Bracken, Gregory, ed. Ancient and Modern Practices of Citizenship in Asia and the West. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986947.

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What does it mean to be a good citizen today? What are practices of citizenship? And what can we learn from the past about these practices to better engage in city life in the twenty-first century? Ancient and Modern Practices of Citizenship in Asia and the West: Care of the Self is a collection of papers that examine these questions. The contributors come from a variety of different disciplines, including architecture, urbanism, philosophy, and history, and their essays make comparative examinations of the practices of citizenship from the ancient world to the present day in both the East and the West. The papers’ comparative approaches, between East and West, and ancient and modern, leads to a greater understanding of the challenges facing citizens in the urbanized twenty-first century, and by looking at past examples, suggests ways of addressing them. While the book’s point of departure is philosophical, its key aim is to examine how philosophy can be applied to everyday life for the betterment of citizens in cities not just in Asia and the West but everywhere.
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5

Hirschy, Margaret W. The way to U.S. citizenship. Carlsbad, Calif: Dominie Press, 1997.

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6

Citizenship and wars: France in turmoil, 1870-1871. London: Routledge, 2001.

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7

Citizenship and wars: France in turmoil, 1870-1. London: Routledge, 2001.

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8

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Oversight. Administration's proposal relating to the tax treatment of Americans who renounce citizenship: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight of the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, March 27, 1995. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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9

Ng'weno, Bettina. Turf wars: Territory and citizenship in the contemporary state. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2006.

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10

Turf wars: Territory and citizenship in the contemporary state. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2007.

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11

Social Security Administration's role in verifying employment eligibility: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Social Security of the Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, April 14, 2011. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2012.

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12

Christina, Mega. SBKRI no way: Untuk masa depan tanpa diskriminasi. Jakarta, Indonesia: Yappika, 2006.

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13

The struggle for Roman citizenship: Romans, allies, and the wars of 91-77 BCE. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2013.

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14

The guide to legally obtaining a foreign passport: The easy way to get additional citizenships. New York: Shapolsky Publishers, 1990.

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15

Sprawl, justice, and citizenship: The civic costs of the American way of life. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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16

Williamson, Thad. Sprawl, justice, and citizenship: The civic costs of the American way of life. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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17

Grimley, Matthew. Citizenship, community, and the Church of England: Liberal Anglican theories of the state between the wars. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2004.

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18

Steinhilper, Elias. Migrant Protest. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463722223.

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Migrant protest has proliferated worldwide in the last two decades, explicitly posing questions of identity, rights, and equality in a globalized world. Nonetheless, such mobilizations are often considered anomalies in social movement studies, and political sociology more broadly, due to "weak interests" and a particularly disadvantageous position of "outsiders" to claim rights connected to citizenship. In an attempt to address this seeming paradox, Migrant Protest: Interactive Dynamics in Precarious Mobilizations explores the interactions and spaces shaping the emergence, trajectory, and fragmentation of migrant protest in unfavorable contexts of marginalization. Such a perspective unveils both the odds of precarious mobilizations and the ways they can be temporarily overcome. While adopting the encompassing terminology of "migrant," this book focuses on precarious migrants, including both asylum seekers and "illegalized" migrants.
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19

Washington (State). Dept. of Social and Health Services., ed. Three ways to prove your identity and citizenship. [Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Social and Health Services, 2006.

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20

Khoo, Gaik Cheng, and Julian C. H. Lee. Malaysia's New Ethnoscapes and Ways of Belonging. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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21

Malaysia's New Ethnoscapes and Ways of Belonging. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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22

Citizenship in Myanmar: Ways of Being in and from Burma. ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute, 2018.

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23

Frymer, Paul. Citizenship and Race. Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.21.

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Contrary to a view that sees racism as an aberration within American liberalism or largely outside the broader dynamics of American politics, historical institutional scholars often emphasize the central place of racial conflict in American politics and especially in the development of the American state. Although racial conflict has been an obstacle to state-building, struggles over race also enhanced state authority in ways that defy conceptions of a weak American state. Approaching American politics through an historical institutional lens helps underscore the way efforts to confront long standing racial divisions and conflict helped to institutionalize key political and social rights.
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24

Hawthorne, Melanie C. Women, Citizenship, and Sexuality. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789628128.001.0001.

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Until well into the twentieth century, the claims to citizenship of women in the US and in Europe have come through men (father, husband); women had no citizenship of their own. The case studies of three expatriate women (Renée Vivien, Romaine Brooks, and Natalie Barney) illustrate some of the consequences for women who lived independent lives. To begin with, the books traces the way that ideas about national belonging shaped gay male identity in the nineteenth century, before showing that such a discourse was not available to women and lesbians, including the three women who form the core of the book. In addition to questions of sexually non-conforming identity, women's mediated claim to citizenship limited their autonomy in practical ways (for example, they could be unilaterally expatriated). Consequently, the situation of the denizen may have been preferable to that of the citizen for women who lived between the lines. Drawing on the discourse of jurisprudence, the history of the passport, and original archival research on all three women, the books tells the story of women's evolving claims to citizenship in their own right.
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25

Rose, Deondra. Citizenship by Degree. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190650940.003.0008.

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Chapter 8 considers the implications of this analysis for how we think about public policy and its value for achieving national goals. It also highlights the lessons that the success of landmark higher education policies holds for how lawmakers can promote equal opportunity. To fully understand the progress that American women have made in the last half century, we must take into account the landmark federal higher education programs that have contributed to the dramatic increase in women’s higher educational attainment. In a political context characterized by considerable hostility toward traditional welfare state programs like Temporary Assistance for Needy Families and food stamps, federal higher education programming represents one of the most politically viable methods of redistribution in the United States. Considering the value of higher education for promoting socioeconomic stability and political engagement, American lawmakers interested in promoting equal opportunity would do well to find ways to continue expanding access to college degrees.
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26

Barry, John. Citizenship and (Un)Sustainability. Edited by Stephen M. Gardiner and Allen Thompson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199941339.013.30.

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This chapter explores some of the connections (causal and other) between the decline in active citizenship, the displacement of citizenship by consumer identities and interests, and the shift to a transactional mode of democratic politics and how and in what ways these are connected with “actually existing unsustainability.” It proposes an account of “green republican citizenship” as an appropriate theory and practice of establishing a link between the practices of democracy and the processes of democratization in the transition from unsustainability. The chapter begins from the (not uncontroversial) position that debt-based consumer capitalism (and especially its more recent neoliberal incarnation) is incompatible with a version of democratic politics and associated norms and practices of green citizenship required for a transition from unsustainable development. It outlines an explicitly “green republican” conception of citizenship as an appropriate way to integrate democratic citizenship and creation of a more sustainable political and socio-ecological order.
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27

Manby, Bronwen. Citizenship Law in Africa. African Minds, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928331087.

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Few African countries provide for an explicit right to a nationality. Laws and practices governing citizenship effectively leave hundreds of thousands of people in Africa without a country. These stateless Africans can neither vote nor stand for office; they cannot enrol their children in school, travel freely, or own property; they cannot work for the government; they are exposed to human rights abuses. Statelessness exacerbates and underlies tensions in many regions of the continent. Citizenship Law in Africa, a comparative study by two programs of the Open Society Foundations, describes the often arbitrary, discriminatory, and contradictory citizenship laws that exist from state to state and recommends ways that African countries can bring their citizenship laws in line with international rights norms. The report covers topics such as citizenship by descent, citizenship by naturalisation, gender discrimination in citizenship law, dual citizenship, and the right to identity documents and passports. It is essential reading for policymakers, attorneys, and activists. This second edition includes updates on developments in Kenya, Libya, Namibia, South Africa, Sudan and Zimbabwe, as well as minor corrections to the tables and other additions throughout.
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28

Cartledge, Paul. The Spartan Contribution to Greek Citizenship Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817192.003.0007.

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One of the major current scholarly debates surrounding ancient Sparta concerns its status as a unicum—or not: how was Sparta ‘different', if indeed it was, from all or most other Greek poleis? One of those possible ways concerns its politeia, that is both its ‘constitution’ and—the original sense of the word—its mode of citizenship. In this chapter it is argued that Sparta may have made a pioneering contribution to Greek citizenship theory. If the so-called ‘Great Rhetra’ is a genuine seventh-century BC document, if Tyrtaeus is the first extant ancient Greek source to use a form of ‘politai’ (polis-persons, citizens) in his verses, if…As with most aspects of early Spartan history, alas, the sources are inadequate, and the ‘mirage’ gets in the way. But there are glimpses of an unexpectedly (given the mirage) progressive Sparta that contradict its later image of fossilized conservatism.
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29

Saward, Michael. Democracy and Citizenship: Expanding Domains. Edited by John S. Dryzek, Bonnie Honig, and Anne Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548439.003.0022.

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This article analyses some key recent threads in the debate about the meaning and scope of democracy and citizenship in contemporary political theory. It uses the frame of expanding domains to link the two concepts together in order to determine the impact that different innovations in democratic thinking have on the conception of citizenship. It also explores the ways which elements of contemporary innovative conceptions of democracy seek to reconstruct and reconstruct the concept of citizens and citizenship.
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30

Modood, Tariq. Multicultural Citizenship and New Migrations1. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474428231.003.0009.

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Through offering a normative conceptualisation of a national case, Britain, I ask what is the relationship between the post-immigration normative project of accommodating citizens-marked-by-origin and the managing of current flows of migrations and mobilities? While multiculturalism requires reconceiving citizenship and shared identities, it has assumed that a collectivity of citizens in the form of a state/polity has the right and the capacity to control immigration and that migrants want to be and should be accepted as citizens. But what if the nature of immigration (and other relevant circumstances) change such that difference is no longer so salient an issue, citizenship no longer seems to be so normatively prized by migrants; and immigration is less amenable to control? Does multiculturalism still have traction in these new circumstances? British multiculturalism was developed in a context of immigration control and does not challenge the right of the state to control immigration, while insisting that it must not be exercised in ways that are discriminatory or stigmatising in relation to the composite and overlapping criteria of race, ethnicity and religion that are at the heart of post-immigration British multiculturalism. While a cosmopolitan version of multiculturalism is also present in Britain and is largely compatible with a more political, communitarian national multiculturalism, the two seem to have incompatible views on national identity concerns and so on immigration control. This is seriously problematic for progressive politics today but a solution is not clear.
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31

Duplouy, Alain, and Roger W. Brock, eds. Defining Citizenship in Archaic Greece. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817192.001.0001.

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Citizenship is a major feature of contemporary national and international politics. It is also a legacy of ancient Greece. The concept of membership of a community appeared in Greece some three millennia ago as a participation in the social and political life of small-scale communities, but only towards the end of the fourth century BC did Aristotle offer the first explicit statement about it. Though long accepted, the Aristotelian definition remains deeply rooted in the philosophical and political thought of the classical period, but it probably fails to account accurately for the previous centuries or the dynamics of the emergent cities. Focusing on archaic Greece, this collective enquiry, bringing together renowned international scholars, aims at exploring new routes to archaic citizenship, exemplifying the living diversity of approaches to archaic Greece and to the Greek city. If the Aristotelian model has long been applied to all Greek cities regardless of chronological issues, historians are now challenging Aristotle’s theoretical definition and are looking for other ways of conceiving citizenship and community, setting the stage for a new image of archaic cities, which are no longer to be considered as primitive or incomplete classical poleis. Driven by this same objective, the essays collected here have not, however, been tailored to endorse any specific view. Each contributor brings his or her own national background and approaches to archaic citizenship through specific fields of enquiry (law, descent, cults, military obligations, associations, civic subdivisions, athletics, commensality, behaviours, etc.), often venturing off the beaten track.
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32

Luescher-Mamashela, Thierry M. The University in Africa and Democratic Citizenship. African Minds, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781920355678.

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Whether and how higher education in Africa contributes to democratisation beyond producing the professionals that are necessary for developing and sustaining a modern political system, remains an unresolved question. This report, then, represents an attempt to address the question of whether there are university specific mechanisms or pathways by which higher education contributes to the development of democratic attitudes and behaviours among students, and how these mechanisms operate and relate to politics both on and off campus. The research contained in this report shows that the potential of a university to act as training ground for democratic citizenship is best realised by supporting students' exercise of democratic leadership on campus. This, in turn, develops and fosters democratic leadership in civil society. Thus, the university's response to student political activity, student representation in university governance and other aspects of extra-curricular student life needs to be examined for ways in which African universities can instil and support democratic values and practices. Encouraging and facilitating student leadership in various forms of on-campus political activity and in a range of student organisations emerges as one of the most promising ways in which African universities can act as training grounds for democratic citizenship. The project on which this report is based forms part of a larger study on Higher Education and Democracy in Africa, undertaken by the Higher Education Research and Advocacy Network in Africa (HERANA). HERANA is coordinated by the Centre for Higher Education Transformation in South Africa.
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33

Simanovsky, Stanislav, Margarita P. Strepetova, Yuriy G. Naido, and Yu G. Naido. "Brain Drain" from Russia: Problems, Prospects, Ways of Regulation. Nova Science Publishers, 1996.

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34

Chodat, Robert. The Advanced U.S. Citizenship of David Foster Wallace. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190682156.003.0006.

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This chapter begins by examining the ways that Ludwig Wittgenstein and Stanley Cavell helped David Foster Wallace overcome the allure of philosophical logic, and allowed him to appreciate the artistic and moral powers of the improvisatory human voice. More persistently than Cavell, however, Wallace sought a broad account of our contemporary sociopolitical condition. This impulse led Wallace to take seriously the virtues of civic humanism—mature temperance, skilled knowledge, practical wisdom—that begins with Aristotle and descends to Dewey and Wallace’s own father, the philosopher James D. Wallace. Wallace’s fiction, however, allots little space for the civic virtues that most capture Wallace the essayist. Everywhere in Infinite Jest we see meaning reduced to matter, purposeful action reduced to compulsion, and when Wallace tries in The Pale King to give body to his highest words, he ends up—as one character in the text puts it—“talking like a civics class.”
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35

Ismard, Paulin. Associations and Citizenship in Attica from Solon to Cleisthenes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817192.003.0005.

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This chapter studies the ways in which associations were able to take part in the slow elaboration of civic identity in sixth-century Athens. For a period within which politics has not yet become a specific area of community life, I try to assess how different components of Athenian society gradually align themselves with the civic community via associations (in the broad sense) and their specific customs. From the famous (but controversial) Solonian law on associations until the Cleisthenic reform, the chapter explores the role of the associations in the processes of integration within the ‘city as society’, in order to see how they flow into the ‘city as institution’ at the dawn of the classical period.
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36

Taithe, Dr Bertrand, and Bertrand Taithe. Citizenship and Wars. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203402344.

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37

Rosen, Christopher C., Eric J. Yochum, Liana G. Passantino, Russell E. Johnson, and Chu-Hsiang Chang. Review and Recommended Best Practices for Measuring and Modeling Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Edited by Philip M. Podsakoff, Scott B. Mackenzie, and Nathan P. Podsakoff. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219000.013.42.

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Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) have been assessed in a variety of ways. We conducted a thorough review of this literature, and we provide a comprehensive discussion of how OCBs have been measured and modeled, with a focus on identifying trends and providing guidelines for future researchers. Our review, which included all empirical studies published in eight top-tier management journals over the past 30 years, is organized around four themes: (1) operational inconsistencies, which include utilizing different levels of specificity, sets of dimensions and facets, and response scales when assessing OCBs across studies; (2) rating source effects, in terms of the appropriateness of self versus nonself (i.e., supervisors and coworkers) sources of OCB ratings; (3) differences in how the higher order multidimensional OCB construct has been modeled across studies; and (4) emerging methodological and measurement issues, including nonindependence, multilevel treatments of OCB, and the utilization of control variables in OCB research.
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38

Chiaburu, Dan S., In-Sue Oh, and Sophia V. Marinova. Five-Factor Model of Personality Traits and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Current Research and Future Directions. Edited by Philip M. Podsakoff, Scott B. Mackenzie, and Nathan P. Podsakoff. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219000.013.13.

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For over a quarter of a century, organizational scholars have sought to understand the ways in which employees contribute to organizational success through their organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Concurrently, personality traits have provided an important lens for illuminating what motivates such discretionary efforts. Our first purpose is to provide a state-of-the art, theoretically grounded review of the literature linking five-factor model (FFM) of personality traits to OCB. Second, we strive to clarify both our criterion construct (OCB) and our predictor space in order to facilitate the integration of past research and pave the way for future research. For our criterion space, we focus on three prominent types of OCB: directed toward individuals (OCB-I), toward the organization (OCB-O), and toward change (OCB-CH). For our predictor space, we examine FFM personality traits and FFM-based dark-side personality traits. Third, we offer new fruitful directions for future research. We conclude with three key themes for future research.
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39

Way to U. S. Citizenship. Dominie Press, Inc., 1989.

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40

Hirschy, Margret W., and Patricia L. Way to U. S. Citizenship. Dominie Pr, 1989.

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41

Brandzel, Amy L. In and Out of Time. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040030.003.0005.

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This chapter uses the Supreme Court decisions that were announced in June of 2013 to showcase the anti-intersectionalities of citizenship and the ways in which anti-intersectionality functions through temporality. While many gays, lesbians, and their allies celebrated two decisions (United States v. Windsor and Hollingsworth v. Perry) for upholding same-sex marriage rights, indigenous and antiracist activists, scholars, and allies bemoaned the decisions that dismantled the Voting Rights Act (Shelby County v. Holder), delimited affirmative action programs (Fisher v. University of Texas), and eroded indigenous sovereignty (Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl). The cases elucidate the ways in which the temporality of racialized discrimination has been used to dismantle racial reparations and indigenous rights, while simultaneously being used to grant gays and lesbians a limited form of membership into the exclusive rights of citizenship. In this way, these cases demonstrate how differently devalued and valued subjects are marked as in and out of time, and in the process, subjected to the temporal violence of normative citizenship.
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42

Hirschy, Margret W., and Margaret W. Hirschy. The Way to U. S. Citizenship. Dominie Pr, 1997.

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43

Kymlicka, Will. Multiculturalism without Citizenship? Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474428231.003.0007.

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The model of multiculturalism that emerged in Canada in the 1970s was intimately linked to national citizenship. Multiculturalism was premised on the assumption that immigrants would settle permanently and become citizens, and multiculturalism was seen as an attribute of Canadian citizenship, and a way of enacting citizenship. This tie to citizenship arguably served the interests of both immigrants and the native-born majority. For immigrants, it ensured that multiculturalism did not become a pretext for social exclusion and political marginalization; and for the native-born majority, it helped ensure that multiculturalism was domesticated, as it were, tying recognition of diversity to a shared social and political order. But this model has faced two major challenges in recent years: a neoliberal challenge, which sought to reorient multiculturalism more towards market principles than citizenship principles; and a mobility challenge, which sought to reorient multiculturalism away from ideas of permanent settlement and national citizenship towards ideas of temporary migration and liquid mobility. I critically evaluate these two challenges, focusing in particular on how they understand horizontal relations amongst residents/citizens and vertical relations between residents/citizens and the state. I identify some surprising parallels in the two critiques, and suggest that neither offers a compelling alternative to multicultural national citizenship.
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44

Pardue, Derek. Suggestive Conclusions. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039676.003.0007.

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This book has shown how migration, citizenship, and identity—entangled in the tensions between agency and structure—converge in the rap music of Cape Verdeans in Portugal. It has explored how Kriolu rappers and Cape Verdeans have struggled with Manichean ways of viewing the world and categorizing its people, as seen in the repeated tension between Kriolu and tuga, between diasporic migrants and cultural nationalists. The book ends with a set of theoretical conclusions and policy deliverables that bring together anthropological concepts and life experiences of Kriolu. It argues that the distinction of migrancy must be taken into consideration in the current debates on citizenship. It describes Kriolu as a Creole citizenship inside Portugal, as opposed to “Portuguese” or Portuguese iterations of interculturality. It also challenges the current ideas of “Portuguese citizenship” and instead calls for “citizenship in Portugal,” as articulated by Kriolu rappers and advocates of Kriolu identity politics. This would make Portugal a vibrant place of Creole citizenship, where trajectories of language, labor, and exchange intersect.
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45

Griffith, Owen M. Gratitude: A Way of Teaching. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2016.

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46

Gratitude: A Way of Teaching. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2016.

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47

German, Kathleen M. Promises of Citizenship. University Press of Mississippi, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496812353.001.0001.

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Considering their historically marginalized place in American democracy, one wonders why African Americans bothered to fight in any American conflict. This conundrum is especially perplexing in World War II, a war to free millions from tyranny. Scholars have neglected to ask the fundamental question; why did the African American community send thousands of men to fight for a democratic way of life in which they could not fully participate? The answers to this question, and there are undoubtedly multiple responses, may shed light on contemporary quandaries–situations that involve military mobilization for the good, not of the whole society, but of narrow constituencies. This is the central question of this book. The chapters explore the cultural context where citizenship for African Americans was negotiated through military service.
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48

Spiro, Peter J. Citizenship. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190917302.001.0001.

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Almost everyone has citizenship, and yet it has emerged as one of the most hotly contested issues of contemporary politics. Even as cosmopolitan elites and human rights advocates aspire to some notion of “global citizenship,” populism and nativism have re-ignited the importance of national citizenship. Either way, the meaning of citizenship is changing. Citizenship once represented solidarities among individuals committed to mutual support and sacrifice, but as it is decoupled from national community on the ground, it is becoming more a badge of privilege than a marker of equality. Intense policy disagreement about whether to extend birthright citizenship to the children of unauthorized immigrants opens a window on other citizenship-related developments. At the same time that citizenship is harder to get for some, for others it is literally available for purchase. The exploding incidence of dual citizenship, meanwhile, is moving us away from a world in which states jealously demanded exclusive affiliation, to one in which individuals can construct and maintain formal multinational identities. Citizenship does not mean the same thing to everyone, nor have states approached citizenship policy in lockstep. Rather, global trends point to a new era for citizenship as an institution. In Citizenship: What Everyone Needs to Know®, legal scholar Peter J. Spiro explains citizenship through accessible terms and questions: what citizenship means, how you obtain citizenship (and how you lose it), how it has changed through history, what benefits citizenship gets you, and what obligations it extracts from you--all in comparative perspective. He addresses how citizenship status affects a person's rights and obligations, what it means to be stateless, the refugee crisis, and whether or not countries should terminate the citizenship of terrorists. He also examines alternatives to national citizenship, including sub-national and global citizenship, and the phenomenon of investor citizenship. Spiro concludes by considering whether nationalist and extremist politics will lead to a general retreat from state-based forms of association and the end of citizenship as we know it. Ultimately, Spiro provides historical and critical perspective to a concept that is a part of our everyday discourse, providing a crucial contribution to our understanding of a central organizing principle of the modern world.
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49

Taylor, Brian. Fighting for Citizenship. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469659770.001.0001.

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Abstract:
In Fighting for Citizenship, Brian Taylor complicates existing interpretations of why black men fought in the Civil War. Civil War–era African Americans recognized the urgency of a core political concern: how best to use the opportunity presented by this conflict over slavery to win abolition and secure enduring black rights, goals that had eluded earlier generations of black veterans. Some, like Frederick Douglass, urged immediate enlistment to support the cause of emancipation, hoping that a Northern victory would bring about the end of slavery. But others counseled patience and negotiation, drawing on a historical memory of unfulfilled promises for black military service in previous American wars and encouraging black men to leverage their position to demand abolition and equal citizenship. In doing this, they also began redefining what it meant to be a black man who fights for the United States. These debates over African Americans’ enlistment expose a formative moment in the development of American citizenship: black Northerners’ key demand was that military service earn full American citizenship, a term that had no precise definition prior to the Fourteenth Amendment. In articulating this demand, Taylor argues, black Northerners participated in the remaking of American citizenship itself—unquestionably one of the war’s most important results.
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50

Taithe, Dr Bertr. Citizenship and Wars: France in Turmoil 1870-1871. Routledge, 2001.

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