Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ways of promotion'

Cette thèse explore les possibilités en droit européen pour promouvoir les carburants et combustibles d'origine agricole et forestier. Ce sujet est d'intérêt pour l'Europe, parce qu'il peut à la fois offrir une source d'énergie plus propre (c'est une source d'énergie renouvelable pouvant réduire les émissions en gaz à effet de serre et des gaz polluants), un nouveau déboucher pour la surcapacité de l'agriculture européenne et réduire la dépendance énergétique de l'Europe et ainsi sa sécurité d'approvisionnement.

La thèse commence en présentant brièvement les différentes politiques de l'Union Européenne qui concernent les biocarburants et -combustibles et en énumérant les mesures déjà pris dans le cadre de ces politiques qui donnent du soutien à cette technologie. Ceci inclut les différentes programmes de financement de recherche ou du développement régionale, les mesures de protection de l'environnement concernés, le traitement de cette source d'énergie par les systèmes fiscales réglés au niveau européen (accises et TVA)et surtout les actions dans le cadre de la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC), avec son soutien pour les différentes secteurs agricoles qui peuvent fournir les matières premières pour ces carburants/combustibles. Ceci révèle que l'action actuelle en faveur de cette technologie n'est pas une action intégrée mais de caractère ponctuel et ancillaire. En fait avec beaucoup des mesures existantes, la promotion des biocarburants/biocombustibles n'est pas le but principal, mais un but ancillaire - comme un soutien de cette technologie peut aider à atteindre le but principal,elle est soutenue. Par exemple, dans le cadre de la PAC, le soutien aux biocarburants actuellement est du au souhait de réduire la capacité de production d'autres produits en crise.

Ma thèse par contre, propose des actions qui sont développés spécifiquement avec le but de promouvoir cette technologie, où ce résultat n'est pas le sous-produit du souhait d'atteindre un autre but. Il y a d'abord des propositions sur comment le droit européen peut agir ici sans des modifications majeures,en étendant certaines mesures existantes ou en appliquant d'autres par analogie pour inclure un soutien à cette source d'énergie.

Suit la proposition d'une action intégrée du droit communautaire pour l'intervention en faveur des biocarburants/biocombustibles moyennant un nouveau type d'organisation commune de marché:

Ceci est une application du droit tout à fait innovante dans cette domaine. Il est proposé d'organiser l'intervention moyennant des appels d'offre avant la campagne de culture. Les agriculteurs doivent alors planifier leur production en avance et essayer de trouver des débouchés pour leurs produits avant de commencer à produire.

Sur base des résultats ainsi obtenus, ils demandent du soutien pour obtenir un revenu net équitable. Cette intervention peut prendre tous les formes actuels comme l'achat, aide directe, restitutions à la production,etc.

La thèse ensuite examine la conformité de le méchanisme avec les exigences de base du droit européen,rappellant les principes fondamentaux de droit européen, comme le respect des droits de l'homme, la non-discrimination, le droit à la propriété et la proportionalité,qui doivent être respectés par toute action législative sur le niveau européen.

Puis il y a l'analyse des avantages de cette manière d'intervenir:

En obligeant les producteurs de demander du soutien avant l'ensemencement, tous les décisions sur les types de produit, prix, quantités, etc. doivent être déjà prises et, par conséquent, l'organisme d'intervention n'est pas confronté avec des faits accompli après la récolte.

Au contraire, il connaît à l'avance la production et son niveau envisagée. Ceci offre la possibilité d'éviter des problèmes: l'intervention a le moyen avec l'outil du appel d'offre et le soutien accordé par conséquence, de diriger cette production envisagée en provoquant des changements avant que la production est entamé. De cette manière on peut éviter des surproductions - en refusant des demandes de soutien au delà d'un certain seuil(obligeant les producteurs à chercher des alternatives)ou - en demandant une réduction de la productivité spécifique(exigeant une agriculture plus extensive) si on préfère du soutien spécifique (par unité produite)plus élevé pour combler l'écart entre le revenu de la production et un revenu considéré comme équitable. Cette manière d'intervenir permet aussi de cibler avec plus de précision le soutien aux producteurs qui en ont vraiment besoin en donnant de la priorité aux demandes des producteurs les plus désavantagés, p.ex. les exploitations familiales ou ceux avec une production écologique etc. Alternativement, en offrant plus de possibilités d'obtenir du soutien dans une certaine catégorie de production, ce système peut permettre de inciter d'autres à se convertir pour un type d'agriculture souhaité. Ceci peut donner une direction à l'évolution structurelle de l'agriculture. Actuellement ce souhait de diriger le type d'exploitation se fait par un soutien plus élevé, avec du gaspillage de ressources budgétaires. Le système des appels d'offre (de demandes de soutien)proposé individualise l'intervention pour mieux cibler le soutien à ceux qui en ont besoin sans la rigidité de quotas.

En plus, comme la décision sur le soutien est seulement prise après la formation de contrats de vente des produits (et par conséquence après fixation de leurs prix effectifs), ce système d'intervention en fait laisse plus de liberté au marché que les systèmes actuels, à l'exception des situations où l'évolution de la production (envisagée)risque de provoquer des problèmes et l'intervention par conséquence incite un changement des décisions prises. Normalement ces décisions commerciales ne sont pas influencés par le niveau de soutien accordé après. C'est un type de "deficiency payments" avec la possibilité d'intervenir de manière 'dirigiste' si des problèmes s'annoncent.
Doctorat en droit
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

В магистерской диссертации рассматриваются способы продвижения книг на книжном рынке, раскрываются понятия блога и блогосферы, описываются преимущества продвижения через блоги, определяется место книжного блога в блогосфере, анализируются способы представления книг в книжных блогах на разных площадках.
The master's thesis discusses ways to promote books in the book market, reveals the concepts of a blog and the blogosphere, describes the benefits of promotion through blogs, determines the place of a book blog in the blogosphere, analyzes the ways of presenting books in book blogs at different sites.

This thesis investigates whether the Health Promoting Hospital (HPH) is the way forward in the promotion of health. To address this, a number of key areas are considered. Firstly, the thesis places the HPH into historical context, as it is from a long the tradition of efforts to promote health and prevent disease that the HPH emerges. In order to understand the complex field of health promotion, the thesis examines the legacy of health promotion and its impact on contemporary health promotion and therefore on the potential of the HPH. The answers to this provide the immediate context from within which the HPH would be implemented. There is a need not only to understand the HPH as a theoretical concept but also to understand how it has been translated into practice. Thus how the HPH has been adopted as a basis for modelling practice is examined. If the HPH is to be a way forward for health promotion, then it will need to be adopted widely by hospitals that have had little previous interest in, or experience of, promoting health. To investigate the prospect of such widespread adoption, a study was carried out of the attitudes, perceptions and practices of nurses and patients at a typical UK teaching hospital outside the HPH movement. The findings of this study, which drew on Communication of Innovation Theory as a conceptual framework, are reported. For effective health promotion, there is also need to address the legacy of weaknesses that have hitherto hampered progress. Thus the thesis examines the extent to which the HPH can address the contemporary weaknesses of health promotion and, broadening out from this, it suggests other initiatives that might be taken to advance the effective promotion of health and the effectiveness of the HPH. The thesis argues that the Health Promoting Hospital is a useful vehicle to support the development of health promotion in the hospital setting but that effectiveness is hampered by the fundamental weaknesses of health promotion that it is insufficient, on its own, to counter. Initiatives are suggested that can begin to redress this.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This research addresses men's health care and aims to understand this notion in family discourses. Based on critical social psychology, it focuses on the circulation of linguistic repertoires about care in current public health policies and the long labour division between men and women in the family context. Semi-structured group interviews and genograms were used to gather information about health care with members of three families: grandfather, father and son. The reports were recorded, transcribed and arranged into thematic blocks. The thematic analysis related to the discussion about different notions of health care founded in the literature review made possible to assemble themes to enable the understanding of these notions in the participants perspectives, aspects related to health care practices, attitudes regarding health promotion and linguistic repertoires circulation in the family context. The possibility of questioning these practices, notions and modes of circulation in the generational perspective, focusing on the meanings produced by the participants, allowed us to conclude that men take care of themselves and also are/can be caregivers for other people. Enabled us to expand the knowledge regarding ways in which the practices involved in this issue occur and how men s health care scenario has been shaped. It has also provided reflections about daily life specificities, central points of labour division between men and women in the family context, over time, and, finally, the effects of linguistic repertoires about health care in current health policies
Esta pesquisa aborda a noção de cuidado em sua articulação com a saúde dos homens. Busca entender essas noções nos diálogos intrafamiliares à luz dos repertórios que circulam nas políticas de saúde atuais e no tempo longo da divisão de tarefas entre homens e mulheres no contexto familiar, por meio do olhar direcionado pela psicologia social crítica. Para obtenção de informações utilizamos entrevistas grupais semiestruturadas e genogramas com três famílias, cada grupo formado por avô, pai e filho. Os relatos foram gravados, transcritos e organizados em blocos temáticos. Com base nessa análise temática e em interlocução com a discussão a respeito de diferentes noções sobre cuidado com a saúde discutidas na revisão bibliográfica, os temas foram agrupados de modo a possibilitar o entendimento dessas noções pelos participantes, aspectos relacionados às práticas de cuidados com a saúde, posturas referentes à promoção da saúde e como essas circulam no contexto familiar. A possibilidade de problematizar essas práticas, essas noções e esses modos de circulação na perspectiva geracional e no contexto familiar, focando os sentidos construídos pelos participantes desta pesquisa, permitiu-nos não só a constatação de que homens se cuidam, mas que também são/podem ser cuidadores de outras pessoas. Possibilitou-nos aprofundar o conhecimento a respeito de modos como as práticas envolvidas nessa temática ocorrem e como o cenário do cuidado masculino com a saúde está se configurando. Também propiciou reflexões a respeito de especificidades do cotidiano, de pontos nodais da divisão de tarefas entre homens e mulheres no contexto familiar, ao longo do tempo, e, enfim, de efeitos de repertórios que circulam nas políticas de saúde atuais

Cholera remains a threat to public health in many developing countries, including Mozambique. Although the disease is easily preventable by practices of hygiene and sanitation, cases are reported in the country every year, as for example in the Lago district in 2015. This qualitative research project set out to explore in what ways the promotion of hygiene and sanitation practices on district level in Mozambique is carried out. Therefore, actors, messages and channels involved in these communication processes were explored via a field study in Lago and a review of relevant literature. Subsequently, the results of the field study and literature review were analysed by applying the concepts of one-way and two-way communication which are part of public relations theory. This analytical framework allowed the researchers to fill a gap identified in the existing literature about hygiene and sanitation promotion, which did not seem to include communication theories linked to public relation practices when it came to hygiene and sanitation promotion in developing countries as a method to prevent cholera. It has been found that the one-way communication approach towards the public was successful in handling the recent cholera outbreak of 2015, however, the approach is not substantial and should be improved into a two-way communication approach, which would allow the local population to express their needs in hygiene and sanitation, as well as their capabilities to implement change in these matters. Simultaneously, a lack of resources within the district authorities involved in hygiene and sanitation promotion seems to encourage one-way communication towards the public from their side, as two-way communication would demand further resources for research into the above mentioned needs and capabilities of communities.

The object of this dissertation is to describe the extent to which the government has assisted small, medium and micro enterprises (SMME's) in the Western Cape clothing industry. The ultimate aim is to propose a way forward in the light of what the government has done so far in terms of SMME's promotion since 1994 and the recent economic and social developments in South Africa and abroad. The study is targeted at SMME's that are owned by previously disadvantaged communities in the Western Cape metropolitan area. It does not focus on well-established SMME's. The government's SMME's promotion strategy emphasises the need to economically empower previously disadvantaged communities through measures such as SMME's promotion in those communities. It is for this reason that I chose to research this category of SMME's. The observation of this dissertation is that the government has been successful in coming up with the strategy for SMME's promotion and setting up structures for implementation in order to overcome barriers to the growth of SMME's in South Africa. However, there is still work to be done towards the success of these SMME's with primary responsibility falling on local business service centres as grassroots organisations. Bibliography: leaves 168-178.

This study explores the meaning and value of Basotho traditional farming practices and Indigenous knowing using Indigenous methodology. The study sought to 1) understand the core tenets of Basotho traditional farming practices that involve Indigenous knowledge and sustainable land care; 2) investigate the implications of these practices, and how they may inform school curriculum in ways that promote food security and reduce child hunger; and 3) examine the role of gender in food practices in Lesotho. I collaborated with women Elders who knew oral traditions or traditional farming practices by working with children on a school farm. I used Basotho ways of knowing and communication to gather data including storytelling and observation. I complemented my observation data by utilizing photographs and field notes. The Elders shared their farming experiences, oral traditions, and knowledge including the cultural and survival significance of selecting, preserving, and sharing seeds, how to grow diverse, healthy, and nutritious food and how to be food self-sufficient. They spoke of and demonstrated ways to gather people together as a community to plant, harvest, and share food while caring for the land through culturally respectful practices. The Elders further shared ways to think about and relate to the land as a gift, as 'a being' from Creator, to be respected and cared for in the same way humans care for themselves. The Elders underscored the need to promote food security and land care through a food curriculum that embraces traditional farming practices steeped in Indigenous knowledge. Farming practices such as letsema (community collaborating in fieldwork), hlakantsutsu culture (diversified mixed cropping), koti (minimizing tillage), use of animal dung and ash fertilizers, selecting and preserving native seeds and molala (allowing land to rest after harvest) can constitute a desired curriculum. The Elders taught me what I understood as, and call, the principles of Re seng (we are all related): all humans and non-humans alike, rootedness, letsema (community collaboration), interdependence, connectedness, reciprocity, respect and care for the land. Reflection on these principles continuously shaped the study's theoretical framework with consequent implications on the participatory action methodology, which I characterize as the Basotho Indigenous Participatory Action Methodology.

The purpose of this dissertation is to provide the reader with some insight into to the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), its Single Market and Economy and the Caribbean Court of Justice. This dissertation will then culminate by addressing the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1980 (CISG) and the benefits of CARICOM countries in implementing same. This dissertation is divided into 4 Chapters. Chapter 1 will introduce the reader to the history, purpose and objections of CARICOM. Chapter 2 will introduce the concept of the Caribbean Single Market and Economy (CSME) and how it works in the Caribbean model. Chapter 2 will also discuss the existing preferential trade arrangements between CARICOM and other States. Chapter 3 considers the recently inaugurated Caribbean Court Justice (CCJ) and its instrumental role as an international law tribunal in interpreting the Treaty establishing the CSME. Chapter 4 will then discuss the law governing the CARICOM contract, and the question as to whether the CARICOM nations have accepted the concept of a lex mercatoria (transnational law). Focus will then be placed on the need for CARICOM nations to implement the CISG. It is desired that this dissertation would prove to be interesting and informative not only to the CARICOM reader but also readers from other parts of the world.

Problem statement: In what ways do companies work strategically with event marketing?

To answer the problem statement, the following research questions help us gain the necessary understandings:

• What role does event marketing play in a company’s marketing mix?
• What are the deciding factors that make companies select certain events?
• What objectives do companies have with event marketing?
• How do companies evaluate their event marketing?

Purpose: Through analyzing multiple case studies of event users and event organizers, this essay attempts to gain an understanding of how companies work strategically with event marketing as a promotional tool.

Method: Primary data collection was compiled through a series of six interviews of both event users and event organizers. This qualitative data has contributed towards the formulation of six case studies that outline the research findings. In addition to interviews, secondary data was compiled through literature, scientific articles, and internet-based materials.

Conclusion: The findings of this paper show that event marketing is an integrated promotional tool that is used to further strengthen a company’s comprehensive marketing mix. Companies’ objectives of event marketing are usually well-defined, but can differ a great deal between different companies and different kinds of events. With that said, one of the main objectives shared by nearly all kinds of events is the goal to affect the image of the brand. Furthermore, companies take several criteria into consideration when selecting a particular event to align with, but the findings show that the most important criteria is an event’s capacity to fulfil the goals stated with the event. Finally, companies experience that the evaluation of event effectiveness is difficult to measure. Whereas hard values such as number of visitors or television viewership is straightforward to gauge, soft values such as attitude, perception or image associations are much more difficult to quantify.  

 

Problemformulering: Hur arbetar företag strategiskt med Event Marketing?

Uppsatsens problemformulering besvaras genom slutsatser kring följande delfrågor: 

• Vilken roll spelar Event Marketing i företagets marknadsföringsmix?
• Vilka faktorer spelar in när ett företag väljer vilket evenemang man skall arbeta med?
• Vilka målsättningar har företag med sin Event Marketing?
• Hur utvärderar företag Event Marketing?

Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att genom en flerfallstudie av eventanvändare och eventarrangörer öka förståelsen för hur företag arbetar strategiskt med Event Marketing som promotionverktyg.

Metod: Uppsatsen utgår från en deduktiv ansats. I en kvalitativ flerfallstudie samlades primärdata in genom intervjuer med sex företag, varav tre eventanvändare och tre eventarrangörer. Sekundärdata samlades in genom litteraturstudie.

Slutsats: Uppsatsens studie visar att Event Marketing är ett eget integrerat promotionverktyg som används för att förstärka och komplettera de övriga delarna av ett företags marknadsföringsmix. Företag har idag väl identifierade målsättningar med sin Event Marketing. Vilka målsättningarna är varierar mellan företag och olika typer av evenemang, men imageöverföring från evenemang till varumärke har visat sig vara en målsättning som förekommer genomgående med de flesta former av evenemang. Det viktigaste kriteriet när ett företag väljer vilket evenemang man skall arbeta med är evenemangets förmåga att uppfylla företagets mål. Studien visar även att processen att utvärdera Event Marketing kan vara komplicerad, hårda värden som besöksantal och TV-tid upplevs dock som enklare att mäta än mjuka värden som attityd och imageuppfattning.

 

 

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
O trabalho destaca-se como uma produção teórico-conceitual, na qual analisamos o ensino da geografia na educação básica, fundamentalmente no 6° ano do ensino fundamental, enfatizando que a educação geográfica, através do ensino do conceito geográfico de lugar, pode contribuir para a formação cidadã dos alunos, bem como para a (re)criação de valores socioambientais éticos, representando assim um caminho eficaz a ser trilhado para a promoção de sustentabilidades no espaço. Desse modo, propomos que a noção de sustentabilidades faça parte do conteúdo programático da geografia escolar, criando uma relação simbiótica entre a educação geográfica e a promoção de ações sustentáveis no espaço, através de metodologias de ensino, como a elaboração de projetos didáticos, que favoreçam a formação socioambiental ética do alunado, preparando-os para o exercício da cidadania, e para a construção de relações de afeto, solidárias, cuidadosas e responsáveis com o outro e com o meio ambiente. Acreditamos que a referida simbiose pode ser um ganho tanto para o ensino da Geografia, como para a construção e gestão de espaços de vivências sustentáveis, no âmbito socioambiental.
The work stands out as a production theoretical and conceptual, in which we analyze the geography teaching at the basic education, fundamentally at the 6th year of the basic education, emphasizing that the geographic education, trough the teaching of the geographical concept of place, can contribute to the students citizenship formation, as well as to the creation of social and environmental ethic values, thus representing an effective way to be trodden to the promotion of sustainabilities at the space. Thus, we propose that the notion of sustainabilities make part of the programmatic content of school geography, creating an symbiotic relation between the geographical education and the promotion of sustainable actions in space, through teaching methodologies, like the elaboration of didactic projects, that favor the pupils ethic social and environmental formation, preparing them to the exercise of citizenship, and to the construction of relations of affection, solidarity, carefull, and responsible with the other and the environment. We believe that the mentioned symbiosis can be a acquisition both to the teaching of geography, as to the construction and management of spaces of sustainable experiences at the social and environmental scope.

This thesis is the result of working with nine students and one teacher aide in group music therapy in special education. Through opportunities to learn about music and sound, the students were invited to use descriptive language to express emotions and thoughts about their music therapy experience. This research used a qualitative research design, where the purpose was to learn about the perceptions that staff may have of music therapy and to highlight how music therapy can promote sociability in an educative setting. The data collected mainly through research journal entries and two interviews (as well as material from a discussion group) offer evidence about how improvisational group music therapy can help create a positive social environment in the classroom and complement socialisation goals in education.

Os comportamentos e as relações entre pares na escola são importantes para o desenvolvimento social e pessoal dos jovens. A influência exercida pelos pares pode ser positiva ou negativa. Esta investigação visa conhecer as perceções que os jovens têm sobre os comportamentos e relacionamentos adequados/desadequados entre pares. Participaram no estudo 16 estudantes do 9ºano, do sexo masculino, identificados como tendo bom/mau comportamento. A recolha dos dados foi realizada através de questionário constituído por questões abertas. Os dados foram tratados qualitativa e quantitativamente. Os bons e maus comportamentos são conceptualizados por relação com atitudes individuais e relacionais. A perceção dos professores sobre o comportamento dos jovens é diferente da perceção que estes têm do seu próprio comportamento. Os alunos consideram maioritariamente não serem influenciados pelos pares, nem exercerem influência sobre eles. A promoção do relacionamento entre pares é vista como passando pela realização de atividades especificas. O grupo de alunos identificado com mau comportamento apresenta menor variedade conceptual; ABSTRACT: The behaviors and relationships in peers at school are important to the social and personal development of young people. The influence exerted by peers can be positive or negative. This research aims to analyses the perception that young people have about the appropriate/inappropriate behaviors and relationships among peers. Sixteen male students of the 9thyear made part of this study, indentified with bad/good behavior. The data collection was made through questionnaires consisted of open questions. The data was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. The good and bad behaviors are conceptualized by individual and relational attitudes. The teachers’ perception of the behavior is different from the perception that the young people has of themselves. The majority of the students do not consider themselves as an influence to the peers, and not even the peers as an influence to them. The promotion of peer relationship is seen as through the realization of specific activities. The student group which was identified with bad behavior presents a lower conceptual variety.

No
Mainstream health psychology supports neoliberal notions of health promotion in which self-management is central. The emphasis is on models that explain behaviour as individually driven and cognitively motivated, with health beliefs framed as the favoured mechanisms to target in order to bring about change to improve health. Utilising understandings exemplified in critical health psychology, we take a more socially situated approach, focusing on practicing health, the rhetoric of modernisation in UK health care and moves toward democratisation. While recognising that within these new ways of working there are opportunities for empowerment and user-led health care, there are other implications. How these changes link to simplistic cognitive behavioural ideologies of health promotion and rational decision-making is explored. Utilising two different empirical studies, this article highlights how self-management and expected compliance with governmental authority in relation to health practices position not only communities that experience multiple disadvantage but also more seemingly privileged social actors. The article presents a challenge to self-management and informed choice, in which the importance of navigational networks is evident. Because health care can become remote and inaccessible to certain sections of the community, yet pervasive and deterministic for others, we need multiple levels of analysis and different forms of action.

碩士
輔仁大學
圖書資訊學系
93
The primary task for school libraries is to reinforce teachings in all respects. Law-Related Education has emerged recently as a newly recognized essential and significant course, which has been closely associated with the Academic and the Student Affairs as well as the Guidance and Counseling responsibilities on campuses. Hence this researcher, a graduate student majoring in Library and Information Science, with undergraduate minor in Law and graduate minor program in Education as well as a certificate for high school teacher, endeavored to take Law-Related Education as the illustrative example for the subject in a research in Library and Information Science, while applying theories and principles in Education to the discussions of how the libraries can fulfill its responsibility as the reinforcement for teaching tasks in high school education. This research used Law-Related Education as the main frame for the title and the organizational structure of the thesis. It took the ways to playing the role of reinforcement to teaching as the needs and demands in the process and the designated functions for the result of the research, and also as the approach to the planning of the research work. The essence and spirit, or the ends of the planning, lay in the theories of Library and Information Science, while the means were taken from the principles in library practice and the illustrative examples were from practical cases. After discussing on the definitions、scope、goals、analyses of courses、domestic and international practical situations、and the current issues in the development of Law-Related Education in schools, this thesis, which was premised on the library’s task of being the reinforcement to the teachers in their teaching, endeavored to explore within the boundaries of the whole high school library while taking a good look at the acquisition of materials for Law-Related Education、the education for information literacy、and the exact ways in practicing library public services. On the other hand, from the standpoints of the library itself、the views and goals of the teachers with respect to teaching、and the needs and demands of the students related to studying, this research endeavored to employ multi-dimentional consideration as for working on the possible、probable、and proper ways for high school library public services. To aim for supporting the Law-Related Education program, this research took as its ultimate goal the planning of the appropriate curriculum, hence attempted to provide or suggest practical ways to improve the law-related professional knowledge and skills of the teachers, also endeavored to introduce and employ the methods for planning library education programs to the dissemination of law-related knowledge、the embedding of legal concepts into the users’ ways of thinking、and the installation of patterns and models for legal behavior. In conclusion, this research summed up that in associating or reinforcing the teaching in Law-Related Education, a high school library should set up the all-dimentional library reinforcement system for all sorts of teachings and instructions on campus, on such bases as “taking the whole campus environment into considerations”、“setting up the goals for Law-Related Education”、“ building proper resource collection for Law-Related Education”、“promoting public services”、“fortifying the teachers’ knowledge and skills for Law-Related Education”、“establishing channels and routes for cooperative teaching”、and “planning the appropriate curricula”. It is the researcher’s expectation that this study can be of considerable help to the high school libraries in figuring out how to best perform their role responsibilities in terms of teaching in all its senses and forms. The reason why such informal course as Law-Related Education was taken for example was that, aside from the subject background of this researcher, in the professional literature, there has still been a bigger room for exploration in the field of informal courses than in that of the formal ones.

碩士
國立雲林科技大學
企業管理系
103
The present study used an experimental method. Experiment 1 was performed to investigate the effect of ways of internet promotion (quantity promotion/mixed promotion) and time pressure levels (high/low) on regret of inaction. Experiment 2 was performed to investigate the effect of directions of counterfactual thinking (upward/downward) and time pressure levels (high/low) on regret of inaction, all of which were of 2x2 factorial designs. The results of the first experiment revealed that: (1) The ways of internet promotion have no significant influence on regret of inaction. (2) The time pressure with high level is significantly higher than the time pressure with low level on regret of inaction. (3) The interactions between the time pressure levels and the ways of internet promotion have marginal significantly on regret of inaction. Therefore, the time pressure with high level is significantly higher than the time pressure with low level on regret of inaction under the condition of quantity promotion but the time pressure with high level and the time pressure with low level have no significantly on regret of inaction under the condition of mixed promotion. The results of the second experiment revealed that: (1) The downward counterfactual thinking is marginal significantly higher than the upward counterfactual thinking on regret of inaction. (2) The interactions between the time pressure levels and the directions of counterfactual thinking have significantly on regret of inaction. Therefore, the time pressure with high level is significantly higher than the time pressure with low level on regret of inaction under the condition of downward counterfactual thinking but the time pressure with high level and the time pressure with low level have no significantly on regret of inaction under the condition of upward counterfactual thinking.

The aim of this research was to determine how the New Right agenda has impacted on the perceptions about the Health Promoting School (HPS) model and its practice. The case study school – a Catholic secondary school, provided opportunity to reflect upon the daily experience of those in a HPS and how these experiences can be constructed. The methods used included running focus groups - students, teachers, administrators, parents and health agencies, and the generation of narratives and commentaries from key stake holders within the school community. This thesis draws on the work of Dewey, Bourdieu and Apple to position its critical deconstruction of one school community’s experience of activity that can be described as about HPS’s. There were four assumptions that underpinned the thesis. The first two arose from the literature that claimed the universality of the HPS model and the second two were derived from the capacity of the school to develop and evolve a setting for health promotion. The potential for this school as a HPS community to deliver on health-related social justice outcomes is yet to be achieved. The commandeering of health promotion terms and concepts by the New Right generates a metaphysical focus that delivers a view of the HPS that is in variance to the original intent.

碩士
淡江大學
國際企業學系碩士在職專班
100
Lately, it is more and more active in the management of the private brand at the retailer. Private brands can bring profits, nowadays, consumers are more familiar with private brands. The private brand already gradually influenced consumers’ purchase behaviors. Therefore in the hypermarket retailer the private brand and the manufacturer brand competition also tends to be the superheating. The purpose of this study is to investigate the consumer attitudes , purchase intention and product image in the private brand and the manufacturer brand by different promotion way , the factors that influence it. In the hope to offer contribution to the development of the wholesale business. This study adopted a survey research design, were collected Taipei area customer primarily for research investigation object. 1、The private brand and the manufacturer brand have the remarkable difference in the price with the non-price promotion different combination way under to the consumer attitudes. 2、The private brand and the manufacturer brand have the remarkable difference in the price with the non-price promotion different combination way under to the purchase intention. 3、The private brand and the manufacturer brand have the remarkable difference in the price with the non-price promotion different combination way under to the product image. According to the result of the study, it is suggested that the wholesale stores, to improve the customer wishes to purchase by price promotion way; on the side, to promote the location of the private product and the promotion way of the D.M and show bill. Another study also found that the manufacturing industry use too many promotion to be able to let consumer suspected whether it is low quality to affect the consumer impression, and to injure the product image and reduce the purchase wish. Therefore the suggestion manufacturer brand can strengthen the product quality to enhance the customer purchase wish.

碩士
國立屏東師範學院
國民教育研究所
92
The purpose of this study is to investigate promotion of children’s friendship interaction by way of picture books. The subjects are six children who are difficult to build their friendship in the researcher’s class. The choice and design of the curriculum for the picture books is mainly Selman’s six items of friendship. They are Friendship Formation, Closeness and Intimacy, Trust, Jealousy, Conflicts and their Resolutions, and Termination. The choices of the picture books were selected from the four following steps: (1) The researcher investigated the recommendable friendship-picture books questionnaires which were from the senior kindergarteners who were still at their posts. (2) The researcher did a tentative teaching for children. (3) Children elected the picture books which they liked by ballot. (4) The researcher considered for children’s interest in picture books, and chose twelve picture books of friendship for proceeding twelve-week teaching curriculum of picture books. The criteria are from Mara Krechevsky’s check-table of peer-interaction and two items of the Picture Sociometric Interview; in addition, the researcher did observing records, interviews, and self-examination after teaching in order to realize the situation of children’s friendship-interaction after the curriculum and before it. The purposes of the study are these: (1) To lead the two “Independent people” join in a group life. (2) To help the two children, who build friendship actively obtain friendship. (3) To improve the two children, who are pushed out from a group can build friendship by correct methods. The conclusions were: 1. The picture books of friendship can promote children’s friendship-interaction efficiently. 2. The curriculum of the picture books is full efficient in children who want to build friendship actively. 3. By setting the curriculum of the picture books into action, the “Independent people” can increase chance of interaction with others. 4. By setting the curriculum of the picture books into action, the children who are refused by others improve the interactive skills.

archives@tulane.edu
This study examines promotion and replacement events of top management team members (TMT). I posit that the similarity-attraction paradigm explains promotion and replacement events of TMT members especially when the context is favorable, but its predictive power decays when it is not, because when the context is unfavorable an opposite force makes firms to prefer dissimilar individuals. This counterbalancing force is predicted by resource dependence theory. I argue that both CEOs and TMT officers tend to prefer individuals who are similar to themselves but when the context is unfavorable the strength of the similarity-attraction effect is reduced. Moreover, I theorize that the likelihood of promoting and replacing TMT members depends on officer-CEO similarity and officer-TMT similarity moderated by past firm performance and environmental uncertainty. Additionally, the likelihood of hiring outsiders depends on environmental uncertainty and past firm performance. I tested these arguments with a sample of officers from Fortune's 1000 firms between 1987 and 1999, inclusive. I developed three models using event history analysis for the promotion and replacement of insiders and fixed effects negative binomial regression for outsider succession events. The results show that CEOs are subject to similarity effects. Specifically, officers who are similar to the CEO in terms of age and functional background are preferred over dissimilar officers. I found evidence that the similarity effects are stronger for CEOs than TMTs but also that the similarity effects are very weak in the case of promotions relative to exits. Additionally, there is some evidence for the proposed counterbalancing effect of the environment in the case of exit events; the preference for officers who are similar to the CEO weakens when dynamism is high compared to when it is low. However, in the case of similarity effects related to the TMT there is some evidence indicating that the preference for officers who are similar to the whole TMT increases when uncertainty is high compared to when it is low. Finally, following a resource dependence rationale I found that the number of outsiders appointed by the firm is negatively associated with past firm performance.
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碩士
國立中正大學
企業管理研究所
90
Brand is an important asset for any company. When companies promote a new product, using product line extension strategies can not only make consumers quickly accept the new product by extending its parent brand but also minimize their costs. As a result, a good brand image and suitable extensions are important to attract consumers Besides, there are some factors which influence a successful product line extension. According to previous researches, we find out that sales promotion is one of key factors. Sales promotion is usually used by many industries. In order to attract consumers in a short time and enhance consumers’ purchase intentions, many companies use all kinds of sales promotions to make it. However, if they don''t use sales promotions appropriately, it may result in damages of brand evaluation. Moreover, previous researches find that product involvements also have some relations between sales promotion and product line extensions. In this research, We investigate what kinds of effects, including main andinteractive effects, the ways of sales promotion(price discount or premium) 、product line extension strategy(upward/sub-brand、upward/direct extension 、downward/sub-brand、downward/direct extension)、product involvement(high or low) would have on brand evaluations. According to MANOVA analysis, we have some findings as follows: 1、The ways of sales promotion have a portion of influences on brand evaluations. 2、Product line extension strategies have a portion of influences on brand evaluations 3、Product line extension strategies with different ways of sales promotion have a portion of influences on brand evaluations. 4、Considering different product involvements, product line extension strategieswith different ways of sales promotion have a portion of influences on brand evaluations.

碩士
康寧大學
國際企業管理研究所
100
This study used four constructs including consumer purchase motivation, product spokesperson, promote way and purchase intention to explore the influencing factors of the non-profit organizations which implement of cause-related marketing. To explore the major problems make difference relating how to choose the product spokesperson whether influence consumers' purchase motivation, the emotional or rational marketing strategy was more important factor for consumers intension to purchase, What's the reason for consumer to buy the cause-related product. A total of 350 surveys were distributed. Using telephone and E-Mail collect 314 questionnaires (89.7%), 13 invalid questionnaires, the total valid questionnaires 301 the recovery rate of 86.0%. In the demographic section used descriptive statistical to analyze the basic data, mainly includes the data of gender, age, educational level, the average frequency of consumption, the average amount of each consumer, the way to acquire stores message etc. then to profile the attracted consumption factors. The study instrument was SPSS 12.0 Chinese version which is the software for social science. Statistical analysis methods including descriptive analysis、sample mean, standard deviation, percentage and frequency distribution. In this stage used the contingency table to find the relationship between analysis data. Other methods include item analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, one-way analysis of variance and the stepwise regression analysis. The study confirmed the hypothesis test such as: 1. Relationship between purchase motivation on consumer purchase intention significantly. 2. Relationship between product spokesman on consumer purchase intention significantly. 3. Promotion way on consumer purchase intention significantly. 4. Purchase motivation and product spokesman have moderating effect on consumer purchase intention, 5. Purchase motivation and promotion way have a moderating effect on consumer purchase intention. The results provide a reference for non-profit organizations in marketing strategy planning, and achieve greater benefits to help the organization to help the disadvantaged groups.

碩士
國立臺北教育大學
社會與區域發展學系碩士班
101
Located in Badouzi, Keelung City, the National Museum of Marine Science and Technology (hereinafter referred to as NMMST) serves as an abundant local resource center with its exhibition facilities, research staff and its surrounding marine ecological environment for Keelung marine education. Projects of using museums for learning, and improving elementary school teachers’ literacy of marine education through teachers’ workshops can meet teacher professional development of requirements of marine education; the establishment of museum education guidelines may actually help extend students’ learning fields to museums. This research began with data analysis and unfolded with methods of focus group discussions, interviews and practices : to analyze museums’ ways of holding on-the-job trainings for teachers’, to invite schools’ administrators who host workshops of marine education, and counseling group members of marine education in focus group discussions, to infer the effectiveness of strategies of holding workshops of marine education, to plan camps of learning marine life through practice, and to embody the thought of teacher-centered workshops in 2012. The research results are: A. The natural and social environments of Keelung should be incorporated in teachers’ training, and to employ field trips, experiencing, etc. to provide accesses for teachers to learn through practice. B. The level of teachers ' understanding of the museum influence their willingness and ways to learn about museums; museum education curriculum can help teachers to make use of museum resources for learning in an open and inquiring way. C. Keelung marine education group instructors are willing to participate in the curriculum development and be the guides for the museum tours. D. Experiencing marine activities promotes teachers ' interests of participating in the activities and elevates their desire to know more about marine. The implications of the research are as follows: A. Recommendations for Keelung Government Education Department: 1. Take the initiative in discussion with the NMMST about the objectives and measures of forming the school-museum community and guidelines for collaboration between schools and museums. 2. Continue to hold workshops for educators to learn through practice, and to promote the literacy of museum education. 3. Integrate the environmental education, the marine education resources, the counseling groups of various subject areas and subject matters should incorporate the NMMST resources for the implementation of marine education in school syllabus. B. Recommendations for the NMMST: 1. Train Keelung marine counseling groups of marine education issues to be the museum’s leader teachers. 2. Establish effective guidelines promoting to inform more school teachers about the relevant information of museums. 3. When holding workshops for teachers’ on-the-job training, apply ways of experiencing and inquiry to guide teachers ' learning in the museums and to facilitate teachers’ transformation of the teaching mode to bring students to the museum for learning. 4. Plan an adjacent area for the study on regional ecological environment, to increase the interactions between the museum and the community, schools, and to lead the fashion of local ecological studies. 5. Set museum exploring days: choose one day a week, and encourage school teachers to take their students into the museum. Plan and provide high quality professional development opportunities for teachers are the responsibilities for city government education authorities. Incorporate resources to support the planning of teachers ' professional development workshops can assist teachers in implementing marine education curriculum; the establishment of museums and schools partnership guidelines, the activation of museum education, are the keys to extend and deepen the marine education in Keelung. Key words: marine education, museums, workshops of learning through practice for teachers, museum education

Background: Male contraceptive options are limited to condoms or vasectomy and have lacked significant developments for about a century, suggesting the value of exploring male hormonal contraceptives (MHC). In October 2018, a transdermal gel method entered Phase 2 clinical trials, indicating MHC may soon be available. However, eventual uptake of potentially contentious innovations, like MHC, requires informed marketing and promotional strategy. Consumer behavior research methodologies can aid in determining consumer perspectives, providing a framework for effective marketing to encourage MHC adoption upon market introduction.

Methods: Phases 1 & 2. Focus groups (n=29) and individual, in-depth interviews (n=20) among college-aged men and women aged 18-26 years were conducted using a semi-structured approach. Techniques from expanded grounded theory were used, allowing for a constant comparative approach to data contextualization and theme identification. Ads were created based on focus group results and tested in the interviews. Content analysis served as the data analysis strategy, allowing for a constant comparative approach to data contextualization and theme identification. Phase 3. College-aged men and women (n=1,997) aged 18-26 years participated in a web-based survey. Multiple linear regression was used to examine significant predictors of attitudes toward, interest in, and intention to use or encourage use of MHC. A conjoint analysis procedure was also used to assess the relative importance of attributes on ad effectiveness and preference.

Results: Phase 1. Three primary themes emerged from focus group discussions: 1) openness to MHC; 2) resistance to MHC; and 3) MHC gel innovation characteristics. Men and women were generally interested in the idea of an MHC method. Hesitance about MHC surrounded the social acceptance of a novel contraceptive product, resistance to changing current contraceptive routines, and fear of health consequences. Participants shared insights about promotional strategies which fell within the diffusion of innovations (DOI) characteristics of relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, and observability. Phase 2. In-depth interviews offered insight into perceptions of message development for MHC. Four themes emerged: 1) humor, 2) information, 3) relatability, and 4) credibility. Message testing in interviews yielded an understanding of elements participants responded most strongly to, including: 1) ad sentiment, 2) trustworthiness, and 3) visual appeal. Phase 3. Regression analyses revealed being sexually active (p=0.001) and having prior knowledge of potential MHC methods (p=0.031) aligned with positive MHC attitudes, interest, and intention. Conservative political views (p=0.002) and being satisfied with current male birth control offerings (p=0.000) were associated with negative MHC attitudes. Conjoint analysis identified informational messages as most important (56.62%). Informational (p=0.000) and aspirational messages (p=0.003) paired with relatable characters were the most highly preferred ads.

Conclusions: Findings revealed college-aged men and women express a general interest in the idea of MHC, with hesitance stemming from social acceptance of a novel contraceptive product, resistance to changing current contraceptive routines, and fear of potential side effects and long-term health consequences. Promotional strategy for MHC, or similar novel health products, must focus on stratifying consumers based on their readiness to accept a potential innovation and use tactics like aspirational marketing, social norms marketing, and informational marketing to confirm benefits and address concerns. Qualitative formative research also illuminated salient concepts for MHC advertising. Message testing revealed informational ads with elements of credibility may be most useful for promoting MHC, along with ad concepts audiences feel they can relate to or trust, and practical messaging or imagery meant to increase agency in use. The quantitative survey further supported these findings among a broader, university audience, indicating informational messages or aspirational messages paired with trustworthy, relatable characters are the most effective ad attributes to incorporate into marketing strategy when promoting a novel contraceptive product, like MHC.

碩士
朝陽科技大學
休閒事業管理系碩士班
99
There are a lot of type of travel exhibition took palce all year long in Taiwan, and which one that traveling entrepreneur should participate is worth of discussion. Therefore, this study tries to find out the effects of “promotion way”, “brand rights” and “innovation service” to the “purchases intension”. The study takes participates from the Taichung international travel exhibition, which was hold form April 15 to April 18, 2011, as the target population, and 607 questionnaires out of 650 were collected, the effective response rate is 93.4%. The results showed that promotion way was about medium high and preferred price promotion way; innovation service, brand rights and the purchase intension viewpoint presents the medium degree, in which brand awareness approval is the highest and brand loyalty is the lowest. The gender rate is about the same, most of the age is between 20~35, with the majority of university education level, marial status is half and half, the family member 3-4 persons of majorities,and with occupation of technical entrepreneur and freedom industry. Surpasses half the participant the number of travel each year is uncertain, the majority of expense budget is within NT$25,000, the primarily traveling way is nature take along with, the mainly traveling information source and reasons to attempt were media advertisement. The viewpoint of promotion way, innovation service, brand rights and purchase intension have a significiant difference with different participant’s “education level”, “family member”, “expense budget” and “information source”. The regression analysis showed that innovation service and brand rights have a positive influence to the purchase intension, and the former has a higher effect. From the view of construct, innovation service and the brand association influence have the highest effects on the purches intension. From the results, the study proposed suggestions about marketing on product planning and activities in travel exhibition, and wishes there could be further research on those. Key word：Promotion way, Innovation service, Brand rights and interests,Purchase intension

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino de Inglês e de Espanhol no 3.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário
O presente relatório enquadra-se no âmbito do Estágio Profissional do Mestrado em Ensino de Português no 3.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e Secundário e de Espanhol nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário. Tem como objetivo apresentar o trabalho desenvolvido ao longo do processo de implementação do meu Projeto de Intervenção, relativo à promoção e desenvolvimento da competência leitora e conhecimento sociocultural através do Caminho de Santiago enquanto recurso didático. No atual contexto da didática das línguas estrangeiras é consensual dizer-se que língua e cultura fazem parte de um todo indissociável, pois só através da abordagem dos conteúdos culturais é possível chegar a uma aprendizagem eficaz e completa da língua. Assim, a par dos aspetos linguísticos, a componente sociocultural é um elemento chave para o desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa. A exploração do Caminho de Santiago, enquanto recurso didático, pretendeu que os alunos começassem a construção desse caminho de aproximação à cultura meta. Através da leitura e compreensão de textos relativos ao tema, os alunos tiveram oportunidade de melhor conhecerem e refletirem acerca de determinados aspetos e valores culturais. Este projeto teve igualmente como objetivo desenvolver a consciência intercultural dos alunos, já que o Caminho de Santiago é um dos principais referentes culturais comuns a Portugal e Espanha. Numa fase inicial da implementação do projeto, procedeu-se à análise do contexto da intervenção, dos documentos orientadores do ensino aprendizagem das línguas estrangeiras, assim como a construção de um quadro teórico de referência. Na fase da intervenção, foram desenhadas estratégias e realizadas atividades que visaram a promoção do conhecimento cultural e da competência leitora dos alunos, assim como a sua consciência intercultural. No final da intervenção, e tendo em conta a análise das informações recolhidas durante o processo, pode-se dizer que Caminho de Santiago, enquanto recurso didático, aproximou os alunos da cultura meta.
The current report falls within the scope of the execution the Professional Training of in Teaching Portuguese in the 3rd cycle of Basic and Secondary Education and Spanish in the 3rd cycle of Basic and Secondary Education. It aims to present the work developed throughout the process of implementation of my Intervention Project, regarding the promotion of the development of the reading competence and cultural knowledge through the Way of St. James as an educational resource. In the current context of the teaching of foreign languages it is consensual to say that language and culture are part of an indivisible whole, because only through the approach of cultural contents, it is possible to reach effective and complete language learning. In addition to the linguistic aspects, the socio-cultural component is a key element for the development of the communicative competence. The exploitation of St. James Way as an educational resource, aimed that students started to make their approach course to the target culture. The reading and understanding of texts related to the theme, allowed the students to know and think about certain cultural aspects and values. This project also aimed to develop students’ intercultural awareness, since Saint James Way is one of the main cultural references that is common to Portugal and Spain. At an early stage of the project implementation, it was proceeded the analysis of the context of intervention, the guiding documents of the teaching process of learning foreign languages as well as the construction of a theoretical framework. At the intervention stage, activities were designed and strategies were implemented that aimed at promoting cultural knowledge and reading competence of the students, as well as their intercultural awareness. At the end of the intervention, and taking into account the analysis of the information gathered throughout the process, it can be said that the Way of St. James, as a teaching resource, approached the students to the target culture.

This work follows the studies focused on obesity, its global extent and its serious health and economic impact. At the same time, the work examines the unsuccessful fight of public policies which try to reverse growing prevalence of obesity. Nevertheless, the main goal of the thesis is a discussion about priorities of new orientation in the research on the causes of the obesity epidemic and effectiveness of precautions that were taken in many countries and international organizations with the main aim to stop the obesity and its consequences. The discussion leads to the more detailed description of the problems connected with obesity, for instance, environmental aspects, housing culture in relation to physical activities, lifestyle in relation to advertisement/marketing, psychological and socio- psychological aspects, combating stress, etc. My intention was to find out utility of contemporary research on obesity for setting of policy fighting against obesity. At the same time, I wanted to find out other possible directions in the research into this field and discover how the discussion about priorities of the research in the experimental community proceeds. Two international dimensions of paradigmatic approaches separated to the certain degree can be considered as relevant with regard to the global...