Journal articles on the topic 'WC 4170'

Pulau kodingareng lompo dengan jumlah penduduk 4170 jiwa belum memiliki sistem pengelolaan sampah yang baik, sehingga sampah masih banyak yang dibuang kelaut. Sampah masih dibiarkan tertimbun dibelakang rumah warga di pinggir pantai, baik sampah organic maupun anorganik. Kesadaran warga akan pentingnya kebersihan dan kesehatan masih rendah, masih ada sebagian warga yang tidak memiliki WC dan membuang air besar dilaut. Padahal Pulau ini memiliki pasir putih yang cantik sehingga berpotensi untuk menjadi destinasi wisata. Tujuan dari Program KKN PPM Dikti yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 4 juli -4 Agustus 2018 di Pulau Kodingareng Lompo adalah untuk meningkatkan kesadaran warga untuk tidak membuang sampah dilaut, memiliki kesadaran pola hidup sehat dan bersih dan mampu mengelola sampahnya baik sampah organic dan non organic. Program ini terdiri dari tiga garis besar kegiatan yaitu pemilahan dan pengolahan sampah, pembangunan incinerator ramah lingkungan dan penyuluhan hidup bersih dan sehat. Pengolahan sampah secara terpadu meliputi pemilahan dari rumah tangga antara sampah organik dan non organik, pembuatan kompos untuk sampah organic, daur ulang sampah non organik yang masih bisa dimanfaatkan dan pembakaran sampah dengan menggunakan incinerator ramah lingkungan. Solusi Incenerator ramah lingkungan dibutuhkan karena sulitnya membawa sampah yang ada dipulau ke tempat pembuangan akhir sampah kota Makassar. Penyuluhan Hidup sehat dan Bersih diberikan langsung ke setiap rumah tangga dan anak-anak sekolah.. Setelah program berakhir terlihat ada perubahan pola pikir dan perilaku dari warga. Kata Kunci: Manajemen Sampah, Incinerator ramah lingkungan, Pulau Kodingareng

AbstractWe aimed to assess if changes in thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) over 10 years of follow-up would be associated with changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) or risk of obesity. We enrolled 2317 out of 4179 participants in Tehran Thyroid Study with serum TSH between 0.1–10 mU/l and without history of thyroid medication or surgery. Serum concentrations of FT4 and TSH were measured at baseline and three follow-ups (1999–2011). To account for within-subject correlation, the generalized estimating equation was used to assess the association between one standard deviation(SD) change in the main exposures [cumulative excess (CE)TSH and CEFT4] and changes in BMI and WC; calculated scores of CETSH and CEFT4 were included in models as time-varying exposures. Cumulative excess of TSH or FT4 was not associated with increased incidence of general or abdominal obesity. However, CEFT4 was negatively associated with BMI only in overweight and obese subjects. In GEE analysis, one unit increase in TSH was associated with 0.02 kg/m2 increase in BMI (95% CI: 0.01, 0.03), which remained significant only in women; although the association was not significant after adding FT4 to model. One unit increase in FT4 was associated with 1.5 kg/m2 decrease in BMI (95% CI:−1.8,−1.2) and 4.1 cm decrease in WC (95% CI:−5.1,−3.1) in both sexes independent of TSH and other confounders. Cumulative excess of TSH or FT4 indicated no risk for general or abdominal obesity. However, FT4 was negatively associated with BMI and WC independent of TSH.

Abstract. Micron-sized WC-metal (WC-0.6%C-21%Cr-6%Ni) powder was coated onto the substrate of magnetic bearing shaft material Inconel718 (substrate or In718) using JK3500 HVOF thermal sprayer for the improvement of the surface properties of the substrate. The optimal coating process for the highest surface hardness was obtained using the Taguchi experimental program. The coating was laser heat-treated (LH) by CO2(g) laser for further improvement of the properties. During the thermal spraying, a small portion of metal carbides of powder decomposed to W2C, metals and free carbon. The free carbon reacted with excessively sprayed oxygen, and formed carbon oxide gases, forming porous coating. By laser-heating, porosity decreased and the porous strips at the interface of coating and substrate (coat/sub) compacted. At the interface, the precipitated graphite concentration decreased and the metal elements diffused from both the coating and substrate increased, enhancing the functions as buffer zone and increasing adhesion of coating. The surface hardness of substrate increased by coating and further increased by laser-heating from 410±30 Hv to 983±101 Hv and 1425±94 Hv respectively. Porosity of coating decreased by laser-heating from 2.6±0.4% to 0.35±0.06%, and coating thickness shrank from 280㎛ to 200㎛. Friction coefficients of substrate decreased from 0.52±0.02 to 0.36±0.04 by coating, because the free carbon formed by decomposition of WC to W2C functioned as a solid lubricant. By increasing sliding surface temperature from 25°C to 450°C, the friction coefficients of substrate and coating were decreased from 0.52±0.02 to 0.31±0.02 and from 0.36±0.04 to 0.23±0.04 respectively, because of easy formation of free carbon and metal oxides which functioned as solid lubricants. Wear depth of surface was decreased by coating and by LH coating from 55µm to 32 µm and to 12 µm respectively. HVOF coating of WC-metal powder on In718 surface and laser heat-treatment of the coating are highly recommended for the improvement of the properties of magnetic bearing shaft.

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease that is increasing in Saudi Arabia (SA) and globally. Obesity self-management among individuals is essential for managing obesity and its complications. This study aimed to conduct an obesity knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) assessment and prevalence of used pharmaceutical anti-obesity medications among individuals with obesity in SA. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and April 2021. The participants completed a validated online administered questionnaire using the Survey Monkey website. Potential participants were approached in governmental hospitals, leisure centers, and shopping malls. The chi-square test was used to assess associations between categorical variables. In addition, correlations between the participants' KAP and outcome variables were measured using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Results: In all, 410 obese individuals (mean age 40±14 years, range 18–80 years) were surveyed. Overall, 68% of participants reported good obesity knowledge, and 63% reported a good attitude, while 72% reported poor practice. In addition, there were significant positive linear correlations between knowledge and attitude (r=0.44, P<0.001), knowledge and practice (r=0.14, P<0.01), attitude and practice (r=0.11, P<0.05), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) (r=0.25, P<0.01), while there were significant negative linear correlations between knowledge and BMI (r=−0.20, P<0.001), attitude and BMI (r=−0.19, P<0.001), practice and BMI (r=−0.67, P<0.001), knowledge and WC (r=−0.10, P<0.05), attitude and WC (r=−0.10, P<0.05), and practice and WC (r=−0.45, P<0.001). Interestingly, 67% of participants did not use any approved pharmaceutical anti-obesity medications due to a lack of anti-obesity treatment knowledge and safety. Conclusion: The participants reported good knowledge and attitudes toward obesity, although these were not reflected in their practice levels. The lack of pharmaceutical knowledge, safety, and use of anti-obesity medications contributed directly to poor practice levels. Health authorities should establish clinical and pharmaceutical health education programs incorporating the latest pharmaceutical anti-obesity medications, including their applications and safety, for enhancing self-management and awareness among obese individuals.

Background:The impact of walking and bicycling on insulin resistance (IR) in women with abdominal obesity is unclear.Methods:Pooled analysis of data from a randomized trial on physically active commuting (bicycling + walking vs walking only) in women with abdominal obesity [n = 98; age:47.3 ± 7.6 yrs; waist circumference (WC):103.1 ± 7.8 cm]. Bicycling and walking data were collected during 7 consecutive days by trip meters (Trelock FC-410) and pedometers (Yamax digiwalker SW-200) at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 months. Owing to a skew distribution we analyzed bicycling as a binary dummy variable with a 10 km/week cut-off. Fasting serum insulin and homeostatic model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed at baseline and 6 months, as were body mass index (BMI), WC, and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-assessed % whole-body fat.Results:Increased bicycling by 10 km/wk was associated with reductions in fasting serum insulin at follow-up independent of age, treatment allocation, baseline phenotype, Δ walking, and Δ % body fat (β = −10.9, P = .042), but not HOMA-IR (β = −2.0, P = .13). Increased walking was not associated with fasting serum insulin (P = .33) or HOMA-IR (P = .44) at follow-up, after adjustment for the same covariates and Δ bicycling.Conclusion:Increased bicycling but not walking was associated with reduced insulin levels at follow-up. Bicycling may be more effective than walking for reducing insulin levels in abdominally obese women.

Purpose This paper aims to optimize the erosion wear analysis of slurry impeller material. Stainless steel (SS-410) was used as the pump impeller material. This erosion test was established to influence the rotational speed, solid concentration, time period and particle size. Fly ash was used as the erodent material. Design/methodology/approach The erosion wear experiments were performed at different particle size, rotational speed, time duration and solid concentration (by weight). These tests were performed at four different speeds of 750, 1,000, 1,250 and 1,500 rpm, and the time durations of these experiments are 75, 120,165 and 210 min. For protective coating, high-velocity oxygen-fuel spray process was used for depositing WC-10Co-4Cr coating on stainless steel. To investigate the influence of controlled process parameters on slurry erosion wear of pump impeller material, Taguchi method was used. Findings Results show that significant improvement in erosion wear resistance has been observed by using WC-10Co-4Cr coating. The process parameters affecting the erosion wear loss were in following order: time > rpm > concentration > particle size. The means of signal-to-noise ratio of stainless steel SS410 with and without coating vary from 93.56 to 54.02 and from 86.02 to 48.18, respectively. Originality/value For the erosion wear rate of both uncoated and coated stainless steel, the most powerful influencing factor was identified as time. The erosion test reveals that the coating exhibits ductile erosion mechanism and shows better erosion wear resistance (approximately two times) compared to uncoated stainless steel.

This work evaluates the behavior of a martensitic stainless steel (AISI 410) thermally treated by quenching and tempering with a tungsten carbide (86WC-10Co-4Cr) coating obtained by high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spray deposition, analyzing the volume loss under erosive attacks at 30 ∘ and 90 ∘ incidence angles by using jet slurry erosion equipment with electrofused alumina erodent particles. Firstly, the characterization of the samples was carried out in terms of the microstructure (SEM), thickness, roughness, porosity, and microhardness. Then, samples were structurally characterized in the identification of the phases (XRD and EDS) present in the coating, as well as the particle size distribution (LG) and morphology of the erodent. It was determined that the tungsten carbide coating presented better resistance to jet slurry erosion wear when compared to the martensitic stainless steel analyzed, which is approximately two times higher for the 30 ∘ angle. The more ductile and brittle natures of the substrate and the coating, respectively, were evidenced by their higher volumetric erosion at 30 ∘ for the first and 90 ∘ for the latter, as well as their particular material removal mechanisms. The enhanced resistance of the coating is mainly attributed to its low porosity and high WC-Co content, resulting in elevated mechanical resistance.

Dampak dari curah hujan yang cukup tinggi, di tambah lagi dengan beban lalu lintas yang tidak terkendali, maka sangat perlu di lakukan penelitian tentang analisis pemanfaatan bahan alam kapur padam, sebagai pemenuhan bahan pengisi (Filler) dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kinerja, kekuatan, ketahanan ,stabilitas dan durabilitas campuran AC-WC gradasi halus. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan 5 variasi campuran, hasil pengujian variasi 1, 2, 3, 4 dan 5 secara berurutan dengan nilai KAO: 5,7%; 6,3%; 6,6%; 6,8%; dan 7,2%. Nilai karakteristik Marshall meliputi stabilitas, flow dan MQ yaitu variasi 1 (1221 kg, 4,7 mm, 263 kg/mm), variasi 2 (1346 kg, 4,2 mm, 320 kg/mm), variasi 3 ( 1361 kg, 3,7 mm, 373 kg/mm), variasi 4 (1434 kg, 3,4 mm, 417 kg/mm) dan variasi 5 (1533 kg, 3,2 mm, 479 kg/mm). Nilai IDP mulai dari campuran variasi 1 (100% debu batu) mengalami kehilangan kekuatan (r) total sebesar 0,64%, dan campuran variasi 2 (75% debu batu) dengan (r) total 0,87%, campuran variasi 3 (50% kapur padam) dengan (r) total 0,48% dan campuran variasi 4 (75% kapur padam) dengan (r) total 0,52%, kemudian campuran variasi 5 (100% kapur, padam). Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa campuran variasi 3 dan campuran variasi 4 dengan KAO 6,6% dan 6,8%, mempunyai nilai indeks kekuatan sisa dn indeks durabilitas yang paling baik.

Abstract The preheating system is a promising approach to decrease the axial load, improve the weld quality, and enhance the tool life during the friction stir welding of high strength material. In the present work, conventional friction stir welding (FSW) and high-frequency induction heating-assisted friction stir welding (I-FSW) systems were used to join 3 mm thick Inconel 718 plates with a WC-10%Co tool and studied their performances. The welding was carried out at a constant rotational speed of 300 rpm, including varying traverse speeds of 90 mm/min and 140 mm/min and varying preheating temperatures (310 oC, 410 oC, and 700 oC). The results show that good weld joints were possible at high traverse speed (i.e., 140 mm/min) using the I-FSW at low preheating temperature (i.e., 310 oC). Grain refinement in the weld zone with and without preheated FSW led to improved mechanical properties. The increased size of intermetallic phases and carbide particles due to induction preheating in I-FSW were most likely to be responsible for the enhancement of the weld strength. The hardness of the stir zone was increased from 250 HV to 370 HV, and the ultimate tensile strength of the I-FSW joint reaches 740 MPa, which was 98.8 % of the base material. The results also revealed that preheating affected the process temperature results lowering the axial force and frictional heat, which improved the tool life.

The objective of this study is to obtain the cutting force components on the threading insert. The cutting force data used in the analysis are measured by a three-dimensional dynamic force dynamometer. The AISI 4140 and AISI 4340 low alloy steels are selected for the experiment on the threading and the side cut turning. The inserts used for testing is the TiAlN coated and uncoated grades. LT22NR35ISO type insert is used in the experiment. During the experiments, no cutting fluid and a constant spindle speed is used. The thread pitch and the depth of cut were kept fixed at 3.5 mm and 0.05 mm for the radial feed per pass, respectively. The study emphasizes on the effects on the workpiece material and the cutting tool grade of the cutting force components that occur during the threading. Also, these results are compared with the findings that are obtained during the side cut turning. It is determined that the measured primary cutting and radial forces during the threading are approximately three times bigger than those during the side cut turning, although feed forces during the threading are approximately 30 times lower compared with the side cut turning. The TiAlN coated WC/Co grade shows the best performance with respect to the cutting force components. The specific cutting forces are determined in order to understand the interference of chips that occur during the threading. With the increase in the cumulative radial feed, the corresponding specific cutting forces become higher. It is reasoned that the difference in the specific cutting forces results from the alteration of the interference of the flowing chips. The specific cutting forces decrease in the beginning of the threading and then increases with the cumulative radial feed. The results show that the interference of the chip flow influences the threading force components to a very large extent.

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Objective. To study the prognostic roles of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and right ventricular dysfunction in the development of heart failure (HF) progression in patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) during the 12-month follow-up period. Methods. The severity of obstructive breathing disorders during sleep was assessed by the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI). A total of 86 men, median age of 62.0 (41.0; 78.0) years with moderate and severe OSAS (with AHI &gt; 15 per hour) and HF of NYHA class I-III with baseline LVEF of 60% [52; 65]% were enrolled in the study. All patients had the abdominal obesity (WC &gt; 92 cm), body mass index exceeded 30 kg/m2. Serum levels of NT-proBNP were measured using ELISA at baseline. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography with assessment of right ventricular function and 6-minute walk test were performed at baseline and at 12 months. Results. At 12 months of follow-up period all patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 33) comprised patients with HF progression, group 2 (n = 53) without it. The concentration of NT-proBNP at baseline was higher by 18% in group 1 than in group 2 (p = 0.024; 338 [168; 678] vs. 278 [177; 815] pg/mL, respectively). The median values of AHI (p &lt; 0.0001) were 46.0 [20.6; 85] per hour in group 1 and 24.0 [21.0; 28.0] per hour in group 2. In group 1 than in group 2 fractional change in the area of the right ventricle (ΔSRV) was less by 9.1% (p = 0.031; 40 [35; 47] vs. 44 [40; 47]%, respectively) and right ventricular myocardial function index (RVSWI, Tey index) was less by 8% (p = 0.022; 0.23 [0.22; 0.25] vs. 0.25 [0.24; 0.26], respectively). Based on ROC-analysis, AHI ≥33.5 episodes per hour (sensitivity 75.8%, specificity 67.9%, AUC = 0.732; p &lt; 0.0001), ΔSRV ≤18.6% (sensitivity 75.8%, specificity 54.7%, AUC = 0.62; p = 0.047) and NT-proBNP ≥311 pg/mL (sensitivity 63.6%, specificity 73.6%, AUC = 0.645; p &lt; 0.0001) were identified as a cut-off values predicting the development of HF progression. The combined evaluation of NT-proBNP and AHI increased the predictive value of the analysis (sensitivity of 82.6%, specificity of 77.1%, and AUС of 0.821; p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion. Our data suggest that NT-proBNP, AHI and ΔSRV may be used as a diagnostic biomarker for HF progression in patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) during the 12-month follow-up period. The combined use of NT-proBNP and AHI demonstrated higher diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for prediction of unfavorable course of HF.

Staphylococcus aureus é uma bactéria que faz parte da microbiota natural do ser humano, podendo ser encontrada em inúmeras partes do corpo, como pele, narinas, cavidade oral e intestino. Esta bactéria é capaz de causar inúmeras doenças, exigindo assim um tratamento complexo por meio de antimicrobianos, que podem ser de origem sintética ou natural. O propósito desse trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antibacteriana do ósseo essencial da Lavandula Híbrida Grosso associado com o antimicrobiano gentamicina contra cepas de S. aureus. O caráter antibacteriano do óleo essencial da Lavandula Híbrida Grosso foi quantificado e qualificado pela técnica de microdiluição em caldo para a obtenção da CIM (Concentração Inibitória Mínima). Em seguida, realizou-se a associação do óleo essencial com o antimicrobiano gentamicina (10 μg/mL). A CIM (Concentração Inibitória Minima) foi de 128 μg/mL para a cepa em análise. 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