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Journal articles on the topic 'WDM optical network'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kirci, Pinar, and Abdul Halim Zaim. "WDM Network and Multicasting Protocol Strategies." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/581052.

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Optical technology gains extensive attention and ever increasing improvement because of the huge amount of network traffic caused by the growing number of internet users and their rising demands. However, with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), it is easier to take the advantage of optical networks and optical burst switching (OBS) and to construct WDM networks with low delay rates and better data transparency these technologies are the best choices. Furthermore, multicasting in WDM is an urgent solution for bandwidth-intensive applications. In the paper, a new multicasting protocol with OBS is proposed. The protocol depends on a leaf initiated structure. The network is composed of source, ingress switches, intermediate switches, edge switches, and client nodes. The performance of the protocol is examined with Just Enough Time (JET) and Just In Time (JIT) reservation protocols. Also, the paper involves most of the recent advances about WDM multicasting in optical networks. WDM multicasting in optical networks is given as three common subtitles: Broadcast and-select networks, wavelength-routed networks, and OBS networks. Also, in the paper, multicast routing protocols are briefly summarized and optical burst switched WDM networks are investigated with the proposed multicast schemes.

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2

Zhang, Ning. "Switch Architecture with Wavelength Conversion in Optical Networks." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 1479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1479.

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In this paper, we analyze the optical network with wavelength conversion, and discuss the architecture of network with wavelength converter in its node. The optical cross connects technology for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is rapidly developing. Wavelength conversion is one of the key techniques for switch WDM optical networks. The wavelength conversion technology can achieve wavelength reuse, decrease wavelength competition, enhance network flexibility and scalability, and simplify network structure and management. The results show that If these cross-connectors feature integrated with wavelength conversion, network will be better able to play the full potential of WDM optical networks.

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3

Róka, Rastislav. "An Effective Evaluation of Wavelength Scheduling for Various WDM-PON Network Designs with Traffic Protection Provision." Symmetry 13, no. 8 (2021): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081540.

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Recently, metropolitan and access communication networks have markedly developed by utilizing a variety of technologies. Their bearer communication infrastructures will be mostly exploiting the optical transmission medium where wavelength division multiplexing techniques will play an important role. This contribution discusses the symmetric sharing of common optical network resources in wavelength and time domains. Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks (WDM-PON) attract considerable attention regarding the next generation of optical metropolitan and access networks. The main purpose of this contribution is presented by the analysis of possible scheduling of wavelengths for our novel hybrid network topologies considered for WDM-PON networks. This contribution briefly deploys adequate Dynamic Wavelength Allocation (DWA) algorithms for selected WDM-PON network designs with the provision of traffic protection when only passive optical components in remote nodes are utilized. The main part of this study is focused on the use of wavelength scheduling methods for selected WDM-PON network designs. For evaluation of offline and online wavelength scheduling for novel hybrid network topologies, a simulation model realized in the Matlab programming environment allows to analyze interactions between various metropolitan and access parts in the Optical Distribution Network (ODN) related to advanced WDM-PON network designs. Finally, wavelength scheduling methods are compared from a viewpoint of utilization in advanced WDM-PON networks designs.

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4

Kozdrowski, Stanisław, Mateusz Żotkiewicz, and Sławomir Sujecki. "Ultra-Wideband WDM Optical Network Optimization." Photonics 7, no. 1 (2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7010016.

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Ultra-wideband wavelength division multiplexed networks enable operators to use more effectively the bandwidth offered by a single fiber pair and thus make significant savings, both in operational and capital expenditures. The main objective of this study is to minimize optical node resources, such as transponders, multiplexers and wavelength selective switches, needed to provide and maintain high quality of network services, in ultra-wideband wavelength division multiplexed networks, at low cost. A model based on integer programming is proposed, which includes a detailed description of optical network nodal resources. The developed optimization tools are used to study the ultra-wideband wavelength division multiplexed network performance when compared with the traditional C-band wavelength division multiplexed networks. The analysis is carried out for realistic networks of different dimensions and traffic demand sets.

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Bhalaik, Swati, Ashutosh Sharma, Rajiv Kumar, and Neeru Sharma. "Performance Modeling and Analysis of WDM Optical Networks under Wavelength Continuity Constraint using MILP." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, no. 2 (2020): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096512666190214105927.

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Objective: Optical networks exploit the Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) to meet the ever-growing bandwidth demands of upcoming communication applications. This is achieved by dividing the enormous transmission bandwidth of fiber into smaller communication channels. The major problem with WDM network design is to find an optimal path between two end users and allocate an available wavelength to the chosen path for the successful data transmission. Methods: This communication over a WDM network is carried out through lightpaths. The merging of all these lightpaths in an optical network generates a virtual topology which is suitable for the optimal network design to meet the increasing traffic demands. But, this virtual topology design is an NP-hard problem. This paper aims to explore Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) framework to solve this design issue. Results: The comparative results of the proposed and existing mathematical models show that the proposed algorithm outperforms with the various performance parameters. Conclusion: Finally, it is concluded that network congestion is reduced marginally in the overall performance of the network.

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6

Glance, B. S., K. Pollock, C. A. Burrus, B. L. Kasper, G. Einstein, and L. W. Stulz. "WDM coherent optical star network." Journal of Lightwave Technology 6, no. 1 (1988): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.3966.

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7

Li, Hui, Bi Sheng Quan, and Zi Chun Le. "Routing, Wavelength and Time-Slot Assignment Algorithm for Dynamic Traffic in WDM-TDM Optical Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 2027–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.2027.

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Due to the lower channel utilization in conventional wavelength-routed networks, TDM technique is implemented on top of WDM to achieve a WDM-TDM network. RWTA problem in WDM-TDM networks is discussed. With the idea that assigned time-slots of one session can be distributed in multiple different wavelengths and the objective of minimizing network blocking probability, a RWTA algorithm called MUMD was proposed for dynamic traffic in mesh single-fiber networks. Then we demonstrate the performance of the proposed MUMD algorithm through numerical simulation. The results show that MUMD can efficiently optimize the network blocking performance, thereby optimize the resource utilization.

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8

Song, Tingting, Yiyuan Xie, Yichen Ye, Shujian Wang, and Yingxue Du. "Crosstalk Analysis and Performance Evaluation for Torus-Based Optical Networks-on-Chip Using WDM." Micromachines 11, no. 11 (2020): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11110985.

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Insertion loss and crosstalk noise will influence network performance severely, especially in optical networks-on-chip (ONoCs) when wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology is employed. In this paper, an insertion loss and crosstalk analysis model for WDM-based torus ONoCs is proposed to evaluate the network performance. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methods, numerical simulations of the WDM-based torus ONoCs with optimized crossbar and crux optical routers are presented, and the worst-case link and network scalability are also revealed. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the scale of the WDM-based torus ONoCs with the crux optical router can reach 6 × 5 or 5 × 6 before the noise power exceeds the signal power, and the network scale is 5 × 4 in the worst case when the optimized crossbar router is employed. Additionally, the simulated results of OptiSystem reveal that WDM-based torus ONoCs have better signal transmission quality when using the crux optical router, which is consistent with previous numerical simulations. Furthermore, compared with the single-wavelength network, WDM-based ONoCs have a great performance improvement in end-to-end (ETE) delay and throughput according to the simulated results of OPNET. The proposed network analysis method provides a reliable theoretical basis and technical support for the design and performance optimization of ONoCs.

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9

Fan, Qing Qing, He Li, and Hong Xi Yin. "Study on Optical Performance Monitoring for Fiber-Optical Link Utilizing Chaos Theory." Advanced Materials Research 571 (September 2012): 390–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.390.

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Optical-link performance monitoring (OLPM) plays a crucial role in ensuring the link performance, the channel assignment and the network reconfiguration in the high-speed and WDM optical networks. An OLPM scheme based on the chaos theory and the pattern recognition is proposed in this paper. The identification results of nonlinear regimes of 4/8/16-channel WDM links with 10 Gb/s are demonstrated through utilizing the maximum Lyapunov exponent, the recurrence plot and the two-layer perceptron.

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10

LEE, K. "Optical Network Design with Optical Constraints in IP/WDM Networks." IEICE Transactions on Communications E88-B, no. 5 (2005): 1898–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietcom/e88-b.5.1898.

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11

Guo, Xiaojin, Liying Sang, and Huanlin Liu. "Minimization Number of Network-Coded Links Based on Improved Adaptive Genetic Algorithm for Multi-source Optical Networks." Journal of Optical Communications 40, no. 3 (2019): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0030.

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Abstract With the rapid development of multi-source optical multicast application, the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) with limited number of wavelength channels is facing with the new challenge of bandwidth shortage. Optical multicast adopting network coding can improve the bandwidth utilization, but optical network coding needs to increase optical storage and computation overhead in WDM optical network. For reducing the number of optical network-coded links, an improved adaptive genetic algorithm (IAGA) is proposed to minimize the number of network-coded links for multicast. By designing the maximization difference crossover operation, IAGA can guarantee the diversity of population and avoid individuals from falling into a local optimal. By adaptively adjusting the crossover probability, IAGA makes the population diverse at the beginning stages and makes the excellent individuals remain in a stable condition. Compared with other algorithms, the simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm has fastest convergence speed, which means that it takes the shortest time to find the minimum numbers of coded link solutions.

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12

Kaur, Harpreet, and Munish Rattan. "Blocking Analysis in Optical WDM network." International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering 7, no. 2 (2019): 905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v7i2.905909.

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13

Ismail, M. M., M. A. Othman, Z. Zakaria, et al. "EDFA-WDM Optical Network Design System." Procedia Engineering 53 (2013): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.02.039.

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14

Kaur, Harpreet, and Munish Rattan. "Dynamic RWA in WDM optical network." MATEC Web of Conferences 57 (2016): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20165701015.

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15

Kaminow, I. P., R. E. Thomas, R. A. Barry, et al. "A wideband all-optical WDM network." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 14, no. 5 (1996): 780–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.510903.

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16

XU, YONG, SANCHO SALCEDO-SANZ, and XIN YAO. "METAHEURISTIC APPROACHES TO TRAFFIC GROOMING IN WDM OPTICAL NETWORKS." International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 05, no. 02 (2005): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026805001593.

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The widespread deployment of WDM optical networks posts lots of new challenges for network designers. Traffic grooming is one of the most common problems. Efficient grooming of traffic can effectively reduce the overall cost of the network. But unfortunately, traffic grooming problems have been shown to be NP-hard. Therefore, new heuristics must be devised to tackle them. Among these approaches, metaheuristics are among the most promising ones. In this paper, we present a thorough and comprehensive survey on various metaheuristic approaches to the grooming of traffic in both static and dynamic patterns in WDM optical networks. Some future challenges and research directions are also discussed in this paper.

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17

Simatupang, Joni Welman, and Puspa Devi Pukhrambam. "THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-FIBER TRANSMISSION OVER WDM-PON SYSTEMS." Teknologi Indonesia 40, no. 2 (2018): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jti.v40i2.420.

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In this paper, a rigorous theoretical analysis on optical beat interferometric (OBI) noises caused by the Rayleigh backscattering (RB) and Fresnel reflection (FR) effects on the performance of a single-fiber single-wavelength WDM-PON (wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network) transmission system has been presented. Two categories of PON are evaluated: a conventional and a long-reach WDM-PON system. The conventional WDM-PON took place in an access network for a typical transmission distance of 20 km without any optical amplification at the remote node (RN). In this case, the gain of the optimal reflective optical network unit (ONU) will depend on the relative RB power and also the FRs magnitudes and locations along the optical fiber channel/transmission link. However, in the cases of the long-reach WDM-PON deployed at a transmission distance of 100 km or further, the optical amplifiers are indispensable to enhance the optical power budget and to prevent the effect of fiber nonlinearities that may occur at high power injection levels. Although the presence of an optical amplifier (OA) in a long-reach WDM-PON will actually give some additional gain to the whole system, as a result it also produces the worse RB and FR effects to the system itself. A crosstalk to signal (C/S) ratio is used as a key performance indicator of whether the transmission system is in good working order or not. Therefore, this study may provide insight and relevant information in terms of transmission optimization for WDM-PON systems and developments in the future. To educate on the current technologies and developments surrounding conventional and long-reach WDM-PON, a brief overview is provided in the background part of the introduction.

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18

Zhijian, Qu, Zhang Xianwei, Shi Shaojian, Cao Yanfeng, and Zhao Mingbo. "Network coding based all-optical multicast in WDM networks." Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 22, no. 1 (2015): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-8885(15)60630-6.

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19

Zhang, Shuqiang, Lei Shi, Chaitanya S. K. Vadrevu, and Biswanath Mukherjee. "Network virtualization over WDM and flexible-grid optical networks." Optical Switching and Networking 10, no. 4 (2013): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2013.03.005.

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20

Zhang, Ning, and Xue Mei Xu. "New Structure of Communication System for WDM Optical Network." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 1321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.1321.

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In recent years, optical network has made great progress. Optical networking architects were concerned with medium access control protocols for optical switching, the combination of wavelength conversion, and optimum forms of network. How to apply the simple high-speed transfer function of the optical network node to the IP network is an important issue in achieving an IP and optical integrated network. In this paper, we present a new node structure which has a new function. Adding new nodes to a optical network based on this new design, we can make a connection to different network. It is important to provide solutions for various requirements such as integrated optical network scalability and support for various types of networks in an optical network.

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21

Kim, Young-Chon, and Ho-Sook Lee. "A Collision-Free Reservation Protocol for WDM Optical Star Networks." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 07, no. 05 (1997): 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126697000346.

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WDM single-hop networks allow a pair of nodes to exchange data packets directly and require an efficient protocol that coordinates the process of data transmission. However, the network performance with such protocols can be deteriorated by collisions that occur on control channel, data channel, destination node and source node. We present a Collision-Free Reservation Protocol (CFRP) for WDM single-hop networks with a passive optical star coupler. To eliminate all causes of collision, the CFRP properly distributes the transmission schedule both in time (position of data channel on the time axis) and space (wavelength of data channel to be used). Compared with the previous reservation-based protocols, the proposed CFRP enhances the overall network performance. This improvement in terms of network throughput and delay is verified by simulation.

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22

Liu, Ji Hong, Yan Ping Ma, Shao Rui Ren, Yang Yang, and Bin Zhang. "Long Reach 10-Gbps WDM-PON Based on Carrier Distribution and Coherent Detection for Upstream Transmission." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 3806–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.3806.

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The wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) incorporated with colorless optical network units (ONUs) and centralized light source is the most promising approach for next generation PON. A cost-effective architecture utilizing coherent detection for upstream (US) signal is proposed to enlarge the reach of such WDM-PON systems. Simulation results show that a symmetric 10-Gbps WDM-PON with 80km error-free transmission is realized without using any optical amplifiers.

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23

Hu, Qing, Zheng Hua Luo, Xiao Dan Du, and Jin Wang. "The Research of a New Kind of Multi-Stage Wavelength-Division-Multiplexed Passive Optical Network Based on Engineering Materials." Advanced Materials Research 460 (February 2012): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.460.193.

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The passive optical network (PON) is widely used in different kinds of fields in modern society. Among the PON technologies, Wavelength-division-multiplexed Passive Optical Network (WDM-PON), which has much higher bandwidth, is the important future direction of the optical fiber access. The Single-stage WDM-PON is commonly used from Central Office (CO) to concentrated user groups in a specific area, and the applied field is limited. In this paper, a new network structure and the key technologies of WDM-PON have been studied to increase the access range and number of users, reduce costs and accelerate the realistic applications of WDM-PON technology, which has expensive devices and equipment.

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Zhang, Ning, and Mao Chang Ge. "WDM Node Structure with GMPLS Technology in Optical Transport Networks." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 1483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1483.

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With the rapid development of optical network technology, a thing worth noting is the generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) technology in optical network has been more used, mainly in auto-switching transmission network. GMPLS is an advanced protocol which is essential for managing a diverse and complex networks, GMPLS has caused technical challenges in its deployment in optical networks. In this paper, we analyze the evolution to optical network, and discuss the GMPLS technology and its applications. GMPLS will become the important protocol in future optical network.

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25

Liu, Huanlin, Qinren Shen, and Yong Chen. "An Optical Multicast Routing with Minimal Network Coding Operations in WDM Networks." International Journal of Optics 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/693807.

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Network coding can improve the optical multicast routing performance in terms of network throughput, bandwidth utilization, and traffic load balance. But network coding needs high encoding operations costs in all-optical WDM networks due to shortage of optical RAM. In the paper, the network coding operation is defined to evaluate the number of network coding operation cost in the paper. An optical multicast routing algorithm based on minimal number of network coding operations is proposed to improve the multicast capacity. Two heuristic criteria are designed to establish the multicast routing with low network coding cost and high multicast capacity. One is to select one path from the formerKshortest paths with the least probability of dropping the multicast maximal capacity. The other is to select the path with lowest potential coding operations with the highest link shared degree among the multiple wavelength disjoint paths cluster from source to each destination. Comparing with the other multicast routing based on network coding, simulation results show that the proposed multicast routing algorithm can effectively reduce the times of network coding operations, can improve the probability of reaching multicast maximal capacity, and can keep the less multicast routing link cost for optical WDM networks.

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26

Wu, Bin, Hongxi Yin, Jie Qin, et al. "Design and implementation of flexible TWDM-PON with PtP WDM overlay based on WSS for next-generation optical access networks." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 25 (2016): 1650324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916503243.

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Aiming at the increasing demand of the diversification services and flexible bandwidth allocation of the future access networks, a flexible passive optical network (PON) scheme combining time and wavelength division multiplexing (TWDM) with point-to-point wavelength division multiplexing (PtP WDM) overlay is proposed for the next-generation optical access networks in this paper. A novel software-defined optical distribution network (ODN) structure is designed based on wavelength selective switches (WSS), which can implement wavelength and bandwidth dynamical allocations and suits for the bursty traffic. The experimental results reveal that the TWDM-PON can provide 40 Gb/s downstream and 10 Gb/s upstream data transmission, while the PtP WDM-PON can support 10 GHz point-to-point dedicated bandwidth as the overlay complement system. The wavelengths of the TWDM-PON and PtP WDM-PON are allocated dynamically based on WSS, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed structure.

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27

Chen, Xin, Juhao Li, Bingli Guo, et al. "All-optical OXC transition strategy from WDM optical network to elastic optical network." Optics Express 24, no. 4 (2016): 4076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.004076.

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28

Zhang, Ning. "Control Traffic Flows and Differing Quality of Service with Reservation of Bandwidth in Optical Network." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 1309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.1309.

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In this paper, a traffic flow control scheme is presented. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology have significantly increased the transmission capacity of today’s transport networks, and played an extremely important role in high-speed network. Since high bandwidth wavelength channels will be filled up by many low-speed traffic streams, efficiently provisioning customer connections with such diverse bandwidth needs is a very important problem and is also known as the traffic-grooming problem. Traffic grooming is an extremely important issue for next-generation optical WDM networks.

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29

Sevian, Armen. "Regeneration in synchronous optical network/WDM rings." Journal of Optical Networking 2, no. 6 (2003): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jon.2.000144.

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30

Glance, B., K. Pollock, C. A. Burrus, B. L. Kasper, G. Eisenstein, and L. W. Stulz. "Densely spaced WDM coherent optical star network." Electronics Letters 23, no. 17 (1987): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19870619.

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31

Karol, Mark J., and Bernard Glance. "A collision-avoidance WDM optical star network." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 26, no. 6-8 (1994): 931–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-7552(94)90054-x.

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32

Liu, Shuang, Deming Liu, and Junqiang Sun. "Multiple-wavelength transmitter for WDM optical network." Frontiers of Optoelectronics in China 2, no. 2 (2009): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12200-009-0034-8.

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33

Chae, C. J., and R. S. Tucker. "Implementation of multiple optical virtual private networks over WDM passive optical network." Electronics Letters 40, no. 5 (2004): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20040234.

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34

GAIZI, Kenza, Pr Dr. Fouad Mohammed ABBOU, and Pr Dr. Farid ABDI. "Nonlinear effects in WDM Networks." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.13 (2018): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.13.17327.

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This paper studies nonlinear effects in WDM Network. The focus is on both the propagation of a unique signal as well as a set of them in optical fibers in a WDM network. The paper presents an analytical model to study the effects of having nonlinearities in a WDM system. Three main nonlinear effects are studied here are Cross Phase Modulation, Self-Phase Modulation, and Four Wave Mixing. Simulations are performed on up to 265 channels WDM System.

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35

Zhang, Ning. "Control and Operation to Hybrid Optical Network." Advanced Materials Research 186 (January 2011): 576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.186.576.

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In this paper, a novel hybrid optical network system is presented. The continuing increase of data traffic keeps the pressure on the backbone telecommunication networks requiring more diverse and more intelligent allocation of capacity. Optical networking has become a key technology in accommodating the rapidly expanding Internet traffic. Hybrid nodes are now playing a key role in optical networks by facilitating efficient traffic management. New optical networks are expected to support the increasing network load by employing both sophisticated transmission (wavelength division multiplexing division (WDM)) and switching technologies (optical switches and cross-connects). This study will explain how the hybrid nodes achieve with different network models and make it operation through innovative technical designs.

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Subhashini, N., and A. Brintha Therese. "Performance Analysis of Different Electrical Filters in 10G Hybrid Passive Optical Network." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (2018): 6652. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.15758.

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With growing number of applications and network traffic, optic fibers are extensively used in the access part of the network. Passive Optical Networks (PON) in particular, Ethernet PON (EPON) networks based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) are more prominently used in many parts of the world. Though Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) PON has its own advantages, considering the cost and utilisation of such networks in the access part makes it less useful. On the other hand, Hybrid PON network combines the advantages of both EPON and WDM PON Networks. The objective of this paper is to identify suitable electrical filters for a 16-channel Hybrid Passive Optical Network with a transmission rate of 10Gbps per channel, by analysing their performance in terms of Q factor and Bit Error Rate. Different filters like the Bessel filter, Gaussian filter, Raised Cosine Filter, Rectangular filter, Butterworth filter, Chebyshev Filter are compared and their performances are evaluated. DB Modulation format that provides a longer reach is used at the transmitter to evaluate the different scenarios and the simulation is carried out using Optisystem.

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Malik, Deepak, Geeta Kaushik, and Amit Wason. "Performance Optimization of Optical Amplifiers for High Speed Multilink Optical Networks using Different Modulation Techniques." Journal of Optical Communications 40, no. 4 (2019): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0090.

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Abstract Next generation optical networks require large capacity communication networks for proper utilization of gain bandwidth of the networks. Optical amplifiers with wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems are the key technologies for the realization of these networks. In this paper, we have investigated the performance of the networks using different modulation techniques, such as return-to-zero (RZ), non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and duobinary. Attempts were taken to design 8 channels, 10 Gbps WDM network at channel spacing of 0.8 nm. An innovative model with EDFA-Raman amplifier is designed to examine the performance of the different modulation schemes. From the results, it is found that NRZ configuration gives maximum output power and good quality of communication as compared to other modulation schemes. Further, it is seen that with increase in channel dispersion from 2 to 4 ps/nm/km, the quality of the signal started decreasing.

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Barry, Charles F., Sanjay K. Agrawal, Nina L. Taranenko, Ciro A. Noronha, and Leonid G. Kazovsky. "Network Interface Design for Multi-Gbit/s WDM Optical Networks." Journal of High Speed Networks 4, no. 1 (1995): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jhs-1995-4105.

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N, Subhashini, and Brintha Therese A. "Long Reach and High Capacity Hybrid Passive Optical Network." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 3 (2018): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i3.pp891-897.

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<p>A number of applications are growing day by day and so the traffic. The need for bandwidth is also increasing at a rapid rate. The bandwidth and speed with which data can be transferred was very less when compared to core networks. The access network which was once a bottleneck is no longer so because of use of optic fiber (FTTH networks). A number of variants of Passive Optical Network (PON) have been proposed like the WDM PON and the Hybrid PON. Hybrid PON is a combination of TDM PON and WDM PON and is advantageous over WDMPON. This paper focuses on high capacity networks that can provide high data rate and long reach in the access part of the network. NRZ modulation format is normally used for transmission. We consider the advantages provided by the advanced modulation formats like DPSK. This modulation format is used to here and its benefits are evaluated in Hybrid PON network to increase the capacity and the reach of the network. Parameters like the BER and the Q factors are analysed using Optisystem Software. Distortion and the phenomena of dispersion can limit the performance of such a system. Hence Dispersion compensation mechanisms like the Dispersion Compensation Fiber (DCF) are used in the system to transmit data over large distance.</p>

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Djellab, H., N. Doghmane, A. Bouarfa, and M. Kandouci. "Study of the Different Optical Filters in SAC-OCDMA System." Journal of Optical Communications 39, no. 4 (2018): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0223.

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Abstract Spectral amplitude coding for optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) networks has received much attention over the last two decades. This article aims to explore the impact of encoder change on different types of optical filters, such as the Gaussian optical filter and the Bessel optical filter, for high data rates and to give an overview on importance of choosing the optimal type of optical filter according to the frequency range selected by the user is 25 and 50 GHz. SAC-OCDMA transmitter utilizes Wavelength Division Multiplexing multiplexer (WDM MUX) as an encoder, to generate a code having low cross-correlation called Random Diagonal code, and spectral direct detection as a detection technique. The change of optical filter, in WDM MUX, directly affects the performance of the system. The results show that the system for 50 GHz, with a WDM MUX, using a Gaussian optical filter has better performance compared to the optical Bessel filter and can reach a bit error rate (BER) of 10−25. SAC-OCDMA system, using a WDM MUX based on Bessel filters with a bit rate of 300Mb/s, achieves a BER of 10−28 which leads us to recommend it for second norm 25 GHz. Moreover, the power received increases by 4 dBm every 20 Km with the increase in the length of the fibre for both filters Bessel and Gaussian. Our work focuses on the two 25 and 50 GHz bands, after a study on the impact of the change of the bandwidth and the order of the different optical filters used according to the BER applied to the different networks of access, such as local area network (LAN).

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Thakur, Aditi, and Shaina Nagpal. "Performance Evaluation of Different Optical Amplifiers in Spectrum Sliced Free Space Optical Link." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 1 (2019): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0120.

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Abstract Free space optics (FSO) is well-competent and premier technology to cater the high speed services in different geographical areas such as hilly areas and inter building network. In this paper, we successfully demonstrated the spectrum sliced wavelength division multiplexed FSO system. In order to make system bandwidth efficient, frequency spacing of 75 GHz is taken among the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) channels. Carrier spectrum broadening is achieved for spectrum slicing through the nonlinearity called self-phase modulation. Moreover, requirement of multiple laser sources is eliminated. However, in conventional WDM systems, n numbers of lasers are needed to generate n WDM channels. To strengthen the signal in this FSO system, three optical amplifiers are scrutinized such as erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and Raman amplifier in terms of Q-factor and bit error rate (BER). Results revealed that EDFA is best amplifier in proposed SS-WDM-FSO system.

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Tan, Jing. "Design and Simulation of Cloud Computing Intelligent Routing Algorithms Based on Optical Network." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 14, no. 12 (2019): 1717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2019.2698.

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In the current communication technology, optical technology has been applied to the network to obtain optical network technology. Among them, optical network technology is optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), which can play a larger transmission capacity under lower energy consumption. Further breakthroughs in intelligent optical networks require improvements in routing issues. In this study, firstly, the optical network architecture is analyzed, including wavelength division multiplexing optical network and elastic optical network. Then, the routing problem in optical networks is analyzed, and the main factors affecting the routing problem are extracted. On the basis of studying the energy consumption characteristics of data centers and WDM optical networks, and considering the characteristics of cloud service configuration, evolutionary game theory and optical bypass theory are introduced to obtain an intelligent routing algorithm for cloud computing based on optical networks, and energy consumption tests are carried out on data transmission and processing. In order to reduce the overall energy consumption, the use of IP routers is reduced, and the idle data servers are shut down. Then, it is found that the total energy consumption increases slowly at different times. The energy consumption of evolutionary game theory is compared. Compared with non-evolutionary game theory, the optimized intelligent routing algorithm makes the energy consumption more stable, while reducing the use of servers can further reduce the good expenditure. The proposed algorithm is oriented to optical network, which solves the problem of low overall utilization of network resources and improves the service quality of cloud services.

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V. Nguyen, Thang, Minh-Tu V. Pham, Hien T. T. Pham, Hai-Chau Le, and Ngoc T. Dang. "A Performance Comparison of Gigabit-Capable Backhauling Solutions for 5G Cellular Networks." Journal of Science and Technology: Issue on Information and Communications Technology 3, no. 1 (2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31130/jst.2017.36.

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A high-capacity, flexible, cost, and energy efficient backhaul network based on the convergence of optical and wireless technologies is proposed this research work. The proposed backhaul network, which is deployed on wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON), supports three backhauling solutions including pure WDM-PON, hybrid WDM-PON/free-space optics (FSO), and hybrid WDM-PON/millimeter-wave (MMW) radio frequency (RF). We firstly have developed mathematical models for performance analysis of the downlink for three comparative backhaul solutions. We then theoretically and comprehensively analyzed the system performance while considering various system parameters such as the total distance, wireless link distance, splitting ratio, amplifier gain, and the bit rate as well as key environment parameters including rain attenuation and atmospheric turbulence. We have also compared the performance of the three alternative backhaul solutions to verify the trade-off between the system performance and the system flexibility/mobility. The numerical results verify the system performance of each backhaul solution. It is demonstrated that combination of these approaches can exploit PON, FSO and RF technologies to provide a flexible and gigabit-bandwidth-capable solution for the fifth generation (5G) backhaul networks.

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Cui, Su Xia. "A Optimization Traffic Grooming Algorithm Based on Bidirectional SONET Ring Topology Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 727-728 (January 2015): 996–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.727-728.996.

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The issue of WDM network traffic grooming has been a hot in the field of research. The implementation of traffic grooming technology can improve the utilization of wavelength channels, reducing the link delay and the blocking rate of the network, which to improve network resource utilization and optimize network performance. This article mainly studies all-optical network routing algorithm utilizing WDM technology to achieve the dynamic traffic grooming and propose a optimization grooming policy -HaffmanGroom (M) algorithms which based on SONET / WDM ring network. The most important feature of this algorithm is that the SONET / WDM ring network of multiple multicast request packet , with a minimum weight of the light path priority selection method, the flow of requests each group effectively optimize ease . The algorithm takes into account the impact of the link request factor and link hops to optimize the link selection. The simulation results show that under the conditions of factors and the number of hop a request fully consider the impact of these two factors to the link, and can achieve optimal link with the smallest weights for effective data transmission, improving resource utilization, reducing blocking rate in order to achieve the purpose of optimizing network performance.

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ZITOUNI, A., A. RECIOUI, A. SICHONE, and A. SENOUSSAOU. "Design and Simulation of a WDM-OADM Optical Ring Communication System." Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems 2, no. 3 (2017): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.51485/ajss.v2i3.40.

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The advent of nodal elements, such as Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM) for Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) networks, has led to a myriad of possible network architectures for the optical layer. In this project we design and simulate a WDM-OADM optical ring system of four nodes, two wavelengths on unidirectional single mode fiber at data rates of up to 10 Gbps. We use a continuous wave laser as a source for each channel with external modulation. The performance of the system is reported on the basis of eye diagram, Bit Error Rate (BER) and Q-factor. Optisystem software is used to simulate the overall designed system.

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Zhang, Ning, and Mao Chang Ge. "Design and Control of Node Architecture in OBS Optical Network." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 1313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.1313.

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In this paper, we analyse the optical burst switched (OBS) network, discuss the OBS node architecture. In OBS network, to construct a good data structure is very important. The OBS incoming data are assembled into basic units, referred to as data bursts, which are then transported over the optical core network. As to the OBS signaling, it is performed out of band by control packets that carry information such as the length, the edge-node-destination address. OBS is a promising solution for the all-optical WDM networks.

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Bahleda, Miroslav, and Karol Blunar. "The Gain of Performance of Optical WDM Networks." Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications 2008 (2008): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/289690.

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We study the blocking probability and performance of single-fiber and multifiber optical networks with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). We extend the well-known analytical blocking probability model by Barry and Humblet to the general model, which is proposed for both single-fiber and multifiber network paths with any kind of wavelength conversion (no, limited, or full wavelength conversion) and for uniform and nonuniform link loads. We investigate the effect of the link load, wavelength conversion degree, and the number of wavelengths, fibers, and hops on blocking probability. We also extend the definition of the gain of wavelength conversion by Barry and Humblet to the gain of performance, which is fully general. Thanks to this definition and implementation of our model, we compare different WDM node architectures and present interesting results.

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Liu, Yu-Liang, and Jou-Ming Chang. "Realizing Exchanged Crossed Cube Communication Patterns on Linear Array WDM Optical Networks." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 29, no. 06 (2018): 1003–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054118500181.

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The exchanged crossed cube, denoted by [Formula: see text], is a novel interconnection network with fewer edges and smaller diameter compared to other variations of the corresponding hypercube. The linear array, denoted by [Formula: see text], is one of the most popular topologies in optical networks. This paper addresses the routing and wavelength assignment for realizing [Formula: see text] communication pattern on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical network [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. We prove that the congestion for [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] is equal to [Formula: see text], which is the lower bound of the minimum number of required wavelengths. In addition, an embedding scheme and an optimal wavelength assignment algorithm that achieve this bound are also proposed.

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Yang, Jiang Nan, Li Qun Huang, and Xue Li Tang. "Simulation Research on 40Gbit/s Hybrid WDM/TDM PON System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 3035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.3035.

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Recently, wavelength division mulplexing (WDM) technology has been extensively studied, and various WDM-PON architectures have been proposed for next-generation passive optical network (PON). In this paper, we combine the TDM with WDM architecture to achieve high-speed, long-distance transmission. To reduce the cost of ONU, we achive the colorless ONU by placing a Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (RSOA) in the uplink transmission. We build the whole architecture to simulate the Hybrid WDM/TDM PON System in Optisystem and the experimental results prove that the architecture is feasible and reasonable.

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CARAGIANNIS, IOANNIS, CHRISTOS KAKLAMANIS, and PINO PERSIANO. "SYMMETRIC COMMUNICATION IN ALL-OPTICAL TREE NETWORKS." Parallel Processing Letters 10, no. 04 (2000): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626400000299.

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We address the problem of allocating optical bandwidth to a set of communication requests in a tree-shaped all-optical network that utilizes Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology. WDM technology establishes communication between pairs of nodes of the network by establishing tranceiver–receiver paths and assigning wavelengths to each path so that no two paths going through the same link use the same wavelength. Optical bandwidth is the number of distinct wavelengths. The important engineering problem to be solved is to establish communication between pairs of nodes so that the total number of wavelengths used is minimized. In this paper, we focus on a special case of the problem considering patterns of requests that are symmetric, i.e. for any transmitter–receiver pair of nodes (v1, v2) there also exists its symmetric (v2, v1). Our motivation lies in the fact that many services that are expected to be supported by high performance optical networks in the future, require bidirectional reservation of bandwidth. We prove that the problem of optimizing the number of wavelengths used is NP-hard even when the underlying network is a binary tree. We also present two interesting lower bounds.

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