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Academic literature on the topic 'Weak contexts'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Weak contexts"

Alonso Álvarez, J. N., J. M. Fernández Vilaboa, R. González Rodríguez, and A. B. Rodríguez Raposo. "Crossed Products in Weak Contexts." Applied Categorical Structures 18, no. 3 (April 11, 2008): 231–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10485-008-9139-2.

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Jia, Ling. "The Morita contexts and galois extensions for weak Hopf group coalgebras." Filomat 32, no. 11 (2018): 4099–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1811099j.

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Sokol, Shari Baron, and Marc E. Fey. "Production of /∫/ in trochaic and nontrochaic weak contexts." Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 20, no. 9 (January 2006): 677–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699200500243777.

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Bulacu, Daniel, and Blas Torrecillas. "Frobenius cowreaths and Morita contexts." Forum Mathematicum 32, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 1143–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forum-2019-0265.

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AbstractWe prove a uniqueness type theorem for (weak, total) integrals on a Frobenius cowreath in a monoidal category. When the cowreath is, moreover, pre-Galois, we construct a Morita context relating the subalgebra of coinvariants and a certain wreath algebra. Then we see that the strictness of the Morita context is related to the Galois property of the cowreath and the existence of a weak total integral on it. We apply our results to quasi-Hopf algebras.

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Thomsen, Leon. "Weak elastic anisotropy." GEOPHYSICS 51, no. 10 (October 1986): 1954–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442051.

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Most bulk elastic media are weakly anisotropic. The equations governing weak anisotropy are much simpler than those governing strong anisotropy, and they are much easier to grasp intuitively. These equations indicate that a certain anisotropic parameter (denoted δ) controls most anisotropic phenomena of importance in exploration geophysics, some of which are nonnegligible even when the anisotropy is weak. The critical parameter δ is an awkward combination of elastic parameters, a combination which is totally independent of horizontal velocity and which may be either positive or negative in natural contexts.

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Berry, Heather. "The Global Diffusion of Knowledge to Weak Institutional Contexts." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 17575. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.17575abstract.

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Guo, Qiao Ling, and Shuan Hong Wang. "Morita contexts and Galois theory for weak Hopf comodulelike algebras." Acta Mathematica Sinica, English Series 27, no. 4 (March 15, 2011): 757–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10114-011-8286-9.

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Flom, Hernán. "Controlling bureaucracies in weak institutional contexts: The politics of police autonomy." Governance 33, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 639–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gove.12445.

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Oblak črnič, Tanja, and Jernej Amon Prodnik. "Online Deliberation Between the Weak and Strong Public Sphere." JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government 7, no. 1 (October 23, 2015): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v7i1.378.

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The paper challenges the theoretical assumptions of deliberative communication in online contexts of two empirical case studies in the Slovenian Web sphere: a governmental portal Predlagamvladi.si (I proposetothegovernment.si) and a citizen portal Danesjenovdan.si (Todayisanewday.si). A common denominator of both portals, which were developed for online gathering of public proposals directly from the citizens, is in the combination of public dialogue and polling, the former preceding the latter, the whole process resulting in a final decision regarding the proposal. However, a more detailed analysis and comparison of both portals help to explain also the crucial differences between the institutional or strong public sphere on the one hand and the civic or weak public spheres on the other, which consequently limit the deliberation potentials in the digital context.

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Alonso Álvarez, J. N., J. M. Fernández Vilaboa, and R. González Rodríguez. "Maschke Type Theorems for Weak Hopf Quasigroups." Algebra Colloquium 27, no. 02 (May 7, 2020): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1005386720000188.

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In this paper we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a comodule magma over a weak Hopf quasigroup to have a total integral, thus extending the theories developed in the Hopf algebra, weak Hopf algebra and non-associative Hopf algebra contexts. From this result we also deduce a version of Maschke’s theorems for right (H, B)-Hopf triples associated to a weak Hopf quasigroup H and a right H-comodule magma B.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Weak contexts"

Oliveira, Daniel Pereira de. "Geração semi-automática de extratores de dados da web considerando contextos fracos." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2006. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2936.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T14:03:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Pereira de Oliveira.pdf: 1962605 bytes, checksum: 022c425ec0a87d2146c7cae3f274903b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-03
In the current days, the Internet has become the largest information repository available. However, this huge variety of information is mostly represented in textual format and it necessarily requires human intervention to be effectively used. On the other hand, there exists a large set of Web pages that are in fact composed of collections of implicit data objects. For instance, on-line catalogs, digital libraries and e-commerce Web sites in general. Extracting the contents of these pages and identifying the structure of the data objects available allow for more sophisticated forms of processing besides hyperlink browsing and keyword-based searching. The task of extracting data from Web pages is usually executed by specialized programs called wrappers. In the present work we propose and evaluate a new approach to the wrapper development problem. In this approach, the user is only responsible for providing examples for the atomic items that constitute the objects of interest. Based on these examples, our method automatically generates expressions for extracting other atomics items similar to those presented as example and infers a plausible and meaningful structure to organize them. Our method for generating extraction expression uses techniques inherited from solutions for the multiple string alignment problem. The method is able to produce good extraction expressions that can be easily encoded as regular expressions. Inferring a meaningful structure for the objects whose atomic values were extracted is the task of the HotCycles algorithm, that were previously proposed and which we have revised and extended in this work. The algorithm assembles an adjacency graph for these atomic values, and executes a structural analysis over this graph, looking for patterns that resemble structural constructs such as tuples and lists. From such constructs, a complex object type can be assigned to the extracted data. The experiments carried out using 21 collections of real Web pages have demonstrated the feasibility of our extraction method, reaching 94% of effectiveness using no more than 10 examples for each attribute. The HotCycles algorithm was able to infer a meaningful structure for the objects present in all used collections. Its effectiveness, combined with our atom extraction method, reached 97% of structures correctly inferred, also using no more than 10 examples per attribute. The association of these two methods has demonstrated to be extremely feasible. The high number of correctly inferred structures together with the high precision and recall values of the extraction process demonstrates that this new approach is indeed a promising one.
Hoje em dia a Web se apresenta como o maior repositório de informações da humanidade. Contudo, essa imensa gama de informação é formada principalmente por conteúdo textual e necessariamente requer interpretação humana para se tornar útil. Por outro lado, existe uma grande quantidade de páginas na Web que são, na verdade, formadas por um conjunto implícito de objetos. Isso ocorre, por exemplo, em páginas oriundas de sites de catálogos on-line, bibliotecas digitais e comércio eletrônico em geral. A extração desse conteúdo e a identificação da estrutura dos objetos disponíveis permite uma forma mais sofisticada de processamento além da tradicional navegação por hiperlinks e consultas por palavras-chave. A tarefa de extrair dados de páginas Web é executada por progamas chamados extratores ou wrappers. Neste trabalho propomos uma nova abordagem para o desenvolvimento de extratores. Nessa abordagem o usuário se restringe a fornecer exemplos de treinamento para os atributos que constituem os objetos de interesse. Baseado nesses exemplos, são gerados automaticamente padrões para extrair dados inseridos em contextos similares áqueles fornecidos como exemplos. Em seguida, esses dados são automaticamente organizados segundo uma estrutura plausível. Nosso método de geração de padrões de extração utiliza técnicas herdadas de soluções para o problema do alinhamento múltiplo de seqüências. O método é capaz de produzir padrões de extração que podem ser facilmente transformados em expressões regulares. A tarefa de inferir uma estrutura plausível para os objetos extraídos é realizada pelo algoritmo HotCycles, que foi previamente proposto e que foi revisto e ampliado neste trabalho. O algoritmo constrói um grafo de adjacências para esses dados, e realiza nele, uma análise estrutural em busca de padrões que indiquem construtores estruturais como tuplas e listas. A partir de tais construtores, é associado um tipo aninhado aos dados que foram extraídos da página. Experimentos realizados em 21 coleções de páginas reais da Web demonstram a viabilidade do método de extração de valores atômicos, obtendo um desempenho superior a 94% e utilizando no máximo 10 exemplos de treinamento por atributo. O algoritmo HotCycles foi capaz de inferir uma estrutura plausível para os objetos em todas as coleções utilizadas. Seu desempenho combinado com o método de extração de valores atômicos chegou a 97% de estruturas corretamente inferidas com a utilização também até 10 exemplos por atributo. A combinação desses dois métodos demonstrou-se extremamente viável. Os altos índices de estruturas corretamente inferidas juntamente com os elevados índices de precisão e revocação do processo de extração demonstram que esta é sem dúvida uma abordagem promissora.

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Ridlon, Robert W. "Three essays on asymmetric contests making the strong and weak fight harder /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3324513.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Kelley School of Business, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 12, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: A, page: 3253. Adviser: Rick Harbaugh.

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Reasoner, Mark. "The strong and the weak : "Romans" XIV,1-XV,13 in context /." Cambridge : Cambridge university press, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37650247m.

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Patton, Kenneth. "Analyzing the Information Content in Gravitational Shadows." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471838287.

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Zhou, Yi. "Phase Behavior of Oppositely Charged Strong and Weak Polyelectrolytes, and Properties of Corresponding Complexes." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1555517232053683.

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Carvalho, Paulo Miguel Nunes Soeiro de. "Scenarios as a tool to give context and sense to weak signals in a process of competitive intelligence." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2010_in_carvalho_p.pdf.

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Ce travail de recherche vise à démontrer que, dans un contexte très turbulent et incertain, les entreprises doivent considérer les signaux faibles envoyés par (ou obtenus dans) l’environnement (interne et externe à l’organisation), et que ce type d’information doit être géré et encadré dans un processus de veille stratégique. La première section de la thèse constituera la base théorique et conceptuelle de la recherche, offrant le contexte nécessaire pour un travail de recherche plus spécifique et ciblé, visant à explorer si et comment les scénarios peuvent être utilisés comme un outil pour faciliter l'interprétation et à donner du sens aux signaux faibles dans un environnement d'entreprise. Après que les fondements théoriques et conceptuels de ce travail de recherche soient présentés, nous faisons une analyse comparative et critique des modèles conceptuels et des processus de veille stratégique, donnant une attention particulière aux étapes et approches connexes à l'amplification, l'interprétation et la construction du sens des signaux faibles. Notre contribution a l'intention de se concentrer sur la création d'un cadre conceptuel et l'expérimentation d'un processus (la deuxième partie de la thèse). Par conséquent, nous proposons un cadre générique et une procédure spécifique qui permet l'identification des signaux faibles dans une phase d'analyse environnementale et, postérieurement, l’exploration de l’impacte et la signification de ces signaux faibles dans un ensemble de scénarios alternatifs en fonction de l'orientation stratégique définie dans chaque expérience. Dans ce contexte, les scénarios assument un rôle crucial tels que contextes alternatifs où les signaux faibles peuvent être interprétés. Dans la troisième partie de la thèse on présente les propositions théoriques et opérationnelles, aussi qu’une prescription générique qui essaye de mettre en évidence et d'intégrer, de façon systémique, certaines des conclusions que nous avons atteint dans cette recherche, résultant de la confrontation de l’information théorique avec les expériences accomplies
This research work aims to demonstrate that, in a highly turbulent and uncertain context, companies must take into account the “weak signals” sent by (obtained in) the environment (internal and external to the organization), and that this type of information must be managed and framed in a process of competitive intelligence. The first section of the Thesis will form the theoretical and conceptual basis of the research, offering the necessary background for a more specific and focused research work, aiming at exploring if and how scenarios can be used as a tool to facilitate the interpretation and to give sense to weak signals in a corporate environment. After the theoretical and conceptual foundations of this research work, we make a comparative and critical analysis of conceptual models and processes of competitive intelligence, giving a particular attention to the stages and approaches related to the amplification, interpretation and sense-making of weak signals. Our contribution intends to focus on the design of a conceptual framework and experimentation of a process (second part of the Thesis). Therefore, we propose a generic framework and a specific procedure which allows the identification of Weak Signals in an environmental scanning phase and then the exploration of the impact and meaning of those Weak Signals in a set of alternative scenarios according to the strategic focus defined in each experiment. Here the scenarios assume a crucial role as alternative contexts where the Weak Signals can be interpreted. In the third part of the Thesis we present the theoretical and operational propositions and also a general prescription which tries to highlight and integrate, in a systemic way, some of the conclusions that we’ve reached in this research, resulting from the confrontation of the theoretical enquiry with the experiments made

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Altaf, Huwaidha. "The inflammatory response to particulate wear debris in the context of total hip replacements." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479103.

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RITTO, THIAGO GAMBOA. "VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF WEAK-FORMULATION, MODAL ANALYSIS AND KARHUNEN-LOÈVEN BASIS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7650@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Neste trabalho a Análise de Vibrações é tratada no contexto da formulação fraca. Um sistema contínuo é formulado abstratamente em um espaço de Hilbert e uma base de projeção é escolhida para a dinâmica. Um esquema de convergência para a aproximação é garantido à medida em que se aumenta o número de funções da base usada para representar a resposta do problema. Esta é a idéia por traz de métodos como o Método dos Elementos Finitos e o Método dos Modos Supostos, que derivam do Método de Galerkin. Esta estratégia é diferente do que comumente é ensinado nos cursos de vibrações, onde um sistema massa-mola é analisado, e sistemas discretos formados por massas, molas e amortecedores são discutidos. Nestes casos não se sabe qual é o erro cometido na análise numérica. A Análise de Vibrações é muito usada na manutenção preditiva de máquinas rotativas. Alguns fenômenos observados nesses equipamentos motivaram o desenvolvimento de um modelo numérico que pudesse reproduzir tais fenômenos para melhor entendê-los. Um sistema rotor-mancal é modelado e sua resposta dinâmica comparada qualitativamente com a resposta dinâmica captada através de acelerômetros fixados nos mancais de um exaustor da Companhia Siderúrgica de Tubarão (CST). Durante o trabalho diversos programas foram desenvolvidos através da plataforma MATLAB.
Vibration Analysis is treated in the context of weak formulation. A continuous system is formulated in the Hilbert space and one base is selected to project the dynamics. An approximation scheme is guaranteed by increasing the number of functions in the base used to represent the response. This is the idea behind methods like the Finite Element Method and Assumed Modes Method, which derive from Galerkin Method. This strategy is different from what is commonly taught in vibration courses, where a mass-spring system is analyzed and discrete systems composed by masses, springs and dashpots are discussed. In those cases the error of the numerical analysis is not known. Vibration Analysis is very used in predictive maintenance of rotating machines. Some phenomenons observed in those machines motivated the development of a numerical model that could reproduce such phenomenons to better understand them. A rotor-bearing system is modelled and its dynamic response is qualitative compared to the dynamic response captured by accelerometers fixed on the bearings of a blower of the steel company Companhia Siderúrgica de Tubarão (CST). During this work several programs were developed using MATLAB software.

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Åkerman, Jonas. "Extensions in Flux : An Essay on Vagueness and Context Sensitivity." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-30080.

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The extensions of vague predicates like ‘is bald’, ‘is tall’, and ‘is a heap’ apparently lack sharp boundaries, and this makes such predicates susceptible to soritical reasoning, i.e. reasoning that leads to some version of the notorious sorites paradox. This essay is concerned with a certain kind of theory of vagueness, according to which the symptoms and puzzles of vagueness should be accounted for in terms of a particular species of context sensitivity exhibited by vague expressions. The basic idea is that the extensions of vague predicates vary with certain contextual factors, and that this fact can explain why they appear to lack sharp boundaries. This kind of view is referred to as contextualism about vagueness. A detailed characterisation of contextualism about vagueness is given in chapter two and three. In chapter two, a generic version of contextualism about vagueness is developed, and some alternative forms of context sensitivity are introduced. In chapter three, the specific contextual factors appealed to by different contextualists are discussed. In chapter four, different contextualist diagnoses of the sorites paradox are considered, and found to be problematic in various ways. It is argued that contrary to what some of its proponents have claimed, contextualism about vagueness is not superior to other comparable theories of vagueness when it comes to explaining the appeal of soritical reasoning. In chapter five, a certain version of the sorites paradox, known as the forced march sorites, is discussed. It is argued that “data” about how speakers would behave in the forced march cannot lend any firm support to contextualism about vagueness. In chapter six, some problems concerning the instability of the contextual factors are considered. One problem is that contextualist diagnoses of the sorites which locate a fallacy of equivocation in the reasoning seem to render non-soritical reasoning fallacious as well. A model for treating this problem is suggested, but on closer consideration, it turns out to be problematic. Moreover, this model is of no help in solving the more general problem that even if classical logic remains valid for vague language on some contextualist views, the instability of the extensions of vague predicates makes it difficult to know when a certain piece of reasoning instantiates a valid argument form. Other difficulties arise with respect to speech reports and belief contents. Chapter seven concludes with a summary and some methodological remarks.

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Vetter, Barbara. "Natur und Kunst - Otto Modersohns Werk im historischen Kontext /." [S.l : s.n.], 1996. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Books on the topic "Weak contexts"

Steinhilper, Elias. Migrant Protest. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463722223.

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Migrant protest has proliferated worldwide in the last two decades, explicitly posing questions of identity, rights, and equality in a globalized world. Nonetheless, such mobilizations are often considered anomalies in social movement studies, and political sociology more broadly, due to "weak interests" and a particularly disadvantageous position of "outsiders" to claim rights connected to citizenship. In an attempt to address this seeming paradox, Migrant Protest: Interactive Dynamics in Precarious Mobilizations explores the interactions and spaces shaping the emergence, trajectory, and fragmentation of migrant protest in unfavorable contexts of marginalization. Such a perspective unveils both the odds of precarious mobilizations and the ways they can be temporarily overcome. While adopting the encompassing terminology of "migrant," this book focuses on precarious migrants, including both asylum seekers and "illegalized" migrants.

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The strong and the weak: Romans 14.1-15.13 in context. London: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

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Reasoner, Mark. The strong and the weak: Romans 14.1-15:13 in context. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

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Grey, Thomas S. Wagner's musical prose: Texts and contexts. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

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Wagner's musical prose: Texts and contexts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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Galician and Irish in the European context: Attitudes towards weak and strong minority languages. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Cruise, Jorge. The belly fat cure sugar & carb counter: Discover which foods will melt up to 9 lbs. this week. Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, 2012.

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Rose, Shulman Martha, ed. The Juan-Carlos Cruz calorie countdown: A 5-week strategy for sustainable weight loss. New York: Gotham Books, 2007.

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Martin, Katahn, ed. The T-factor fat gram counter: Expanded and completely up-to-date with 3-week recording diary. New York: Norton, 1994.

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Laurijssen, Ilse. Verdeeld tussen arbeid en gezin: Een panelstudie naar de context en dynamiek van de keuze voor deeltijds werk. Brussel: VUBPRESS, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Weak contexts"

Davies, Helen, and Sarah Ilott. "Mocking the Weak? Contexts, Theories, Politics." In Comedy and the Politics of Representation, 1–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90506-8_1.

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Safronov, Peter A. "People Matters: Innovations in Institutionally Weak Contexts." In Reforms and Innovation in Education, 53–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60246-2_4.

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Schwenter, Scott A., and Rena Torres Cacoullos. "Chapter 2. Grammaticalization paths as variable contexts in weak complementarity in Spanish." In Studies in Language Variation, 13–26. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/silv.6.02sch.

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Pientka, Brigitte, and Ulrich Schöpp. "Semantical Analysis of Contextual Types." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 502–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45231-5_26.

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AbstractWe describe a category-theoretic semantics for a simply typed variant of Cocon, a contextual modal type theory where the box modality mediates between the weak function space that is used to represent higher-order abstract syntax (HOAS) trees and the strong function space that describes (recursive) computations about them. What makes Cocon different from standard type theories is the presence of first-class contexts and contextual objects to describe syntax trees that are closed with respect to a given context of assumptions. Following M. Hofmann’s work, we use a presheaf model to characterise HOAS trees. Surprisingly, this model already provides the necessary structure to also model Cocon. In particular, we can capture the contextual objects of Cocon using a comonad $$\flat $$ ♭ that restricts presheaves to their closed elements. This gives a simple semantic characterisation of the invariants of contextual types (e.g. substitution invariance) and identifies Cocon as a type-theoretic syntax of presheaf models. We express our category-theoretic constructions by using a modal internal type theory that is implemented in Agda-Flat.

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Das, Rik. "WEKA: Beginners’ Tutorial." In Content-Based Image Classification, 171–77. First edition. | Boca Raton: C&H\CRC Press, 2021.: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429352928-10.

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Buntrock, Gerhard, and Gundula Niemann. "On weak growing context-sensitive grammars." In LATIN '95: Theoretical Informatics, 180–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-59175-3_88.

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Kanazawa, Makoto, and Ryo Yoshinaka. "The Strong, Weak, and Very Weak Finite Context and Kernel Properties." In Language and Automata Theory and Applications, 77–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53733-7_5.

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Delisle, Richard G. "From Charles Darwin to the Evolutionary Synthesis: Weak and Diffused Connections Only." In The Darwinian Tradition in Context, 133–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69123-7_7.

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van der Veen, Michaela, and Frank Goijarts. "Verschillende contexten en communicatiestijlen." In Motiverende gespreksvoering voor sociaalagogisch werk, 52–60. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-9211-7_4.

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Cohen, D. A., and J. E. Lendon. "Strong and Weak Regimes: Comparing the Roman Principate and the Medieval Crown of Aragon." In The Roman Empire in Context, 85–109. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444390186.ch4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Weak contexts"

Eldele, Emadeldeen, Mohamed Ragab, Zhenghua Chen, Min Wu, Chee Keong Kwoh, Xiaoli Li, and Cuntai Guan. "Time-Series Representation Learning via Temporal and Contextual Contrasting." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/324.

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Learning decent representations from unlabeled time-series data with temporal dynamics is a very challenging task. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised Time-Series representation learning framework via Temporal and Contextual Contrasting (TS-TCC), to learn time-series representation from unlabeled data. First, the raw time-series data are transformed into two different yet correlated views by using weak and strong augmentations. Second, we propose a novel temporal contrasting module to learn robust temporal representations by designing a tough cross-view prediction task. Last, to further learn discriminative representations, we propose a contextual contrasting module built upon the contexts from the temporal contrasting module. It attempts to maximize the similarity among different contexts of the same sample while minimizing similarity among contexts of different samples. Experiments have been carried out on three real-world time-series datasets. The results manifest that training a linear classifier on top of the features learned by our proposed TS-TCC performs comparably with the supervised training. Additionally, our proposed TS-TCC shows high efficiency in few-labeled data and transfer learning scenarios. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/emadeldeen24/TS-TCC.

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Sabater, Andrew B., and Jeffrey F. Rhoads. "Dynamics of Globally-, Dissipatively-Coupled Resonators." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12949.

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Examples of coupled resonator and oscillator arrays in engineering, scientific and mathematical contexts are diverse and abundant. However, when the technical scope is limited to mechanical systems, research typically focuses on arrays of resonators in which the coupling between the sub-units is conservative and nearest-neighbor in nature. In these arrays, if the sub-units are nominally identical, and the coupling is weak, collective behaviors such as localization, the spatial confinement of energy in distinct or limited regions, can be observed. In contrast, if the coupling is global and dissipative, very different collective dynamics are observed, namely, group resonance, confined attenuation, and group attenuation, the latter two of which are associated with the local absence of energy. This paper investigates these dynamic phenomena within the context of a generic, globally-, dissipatively-coupled system, which is motivated by recent work related to electromagnetically-coupled microresonator arrays. The results of this work have direct applicability in new single-input, single-output resonant mass sensors, and, with extension, a variety of other sensing and signal processing applications.

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de Colnet, Alexis, and Stefan Mengel. "Lower Bounds for Approximate Knowledge Compilation." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/254.

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Knowledge compilation studies the trade-off between succinctness and efficiency of different representation languages. For many languages, there are known strong lower bounds on the representation size, but recent work shows that, for some languages, one can bypass these bounds using approximate compilation. The idea is to compile an approximation of the knowledge for which the number of errors can be controlled. We focus on circuits in deterministic decomposable negation normal form (d-DNNF), a compilation language suitable in contexts such as probabilistic reasoning, as it supports efficient model counting and probabilistic inference. Moreover, there are known size lower bounds for d-DNNF which by relaxing to approximation one might be able to avoid. In this paper we formalize two notions of approximation: weak approximation which has been studied before in the decision diagram literature and strong approximation which has been used in recent algorithmic results. We then show lower bounds for approximation by d-DNNF, complementing the positive results from the literature.

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"Table of contents." In 2009 IEEE Workshop on Evolvable and Adaptive Hardware. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/weah.2009.4925659.

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"Table of contents." In 2015 Workshop on Engineering Applications - International Congress on Engineering (WEA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wea.2015.7370118.

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Feng, Bingchen, Sheng Fang, Liguo Zhang, Hong Li, Jiejuan Tong, and Jingyuan Qu. "An Integrated Single-Step Gamma Spectrum Analysis Method Based on Bregmanized Variational Deconvolution." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16280.

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Gamma spectrum analysis is an important technique in many radiation measurement contexts. Current gamma spectrum analysis consists of several separate procedures such as linear smoothing and peak fitting. Although widely used, this routine may give incorrect results when the peak is weak or when several peaks are overlapped together. This problem becomes more severe if the statistical fluctuation of the spectrum is large. To simultaneously resolve overlapping peaks and reduce fluctuations, an integrated gamma spectrum analysis method that can obtain peak information of gamma spectrum in a single step was proposed in this study. The proposed method models both physical modulation of gamma spectrometer and the statistical fluctuations into a single linear equation, and converts the gamma spectrum analysis into an inverse problem. Bregman iteration and total variation regularization are utilized to solve this inverse problem under the framework of variational deconvolution, so that the true spectrum can be directly obtained. The feasibility and performance of the proposed method was evaluated by both numerical simulation experiment and Monte Carlo simulation experiment. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method can simultaneously resolve overlapping peak and reduce the fluctuations in gamma spectra while preserves both qualitative and quantitative peak information precisely. The proposed method may provide a new way for the development of gamma spectrum analysis method.

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Hai¨k, P., S. Parfouru, K. Fessart, J. Lonchampt, and E. Remy. "“Adaptative” User Interface as a Support for Evaluation Analysis in the Context of Asset Management." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61505.

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The long term management of a production asset raises several major issues among which rank the technical management of the plant, its economics and the fleet level perspective one has to adopt. Decision makers are therefore faced with the need to define long term policies (up to the end of asset operation) which take into account multiple criteria including safety (which is paramount) and performance. In this context, EDF “PWR Durability I & II” research projects have consecutively been launched, since 2001, at EDF – Research & Development in order to develop methods and tools for EDF fleet. The aim of this paper is: • to summarize and analyze the research work that has been performed by EDF – R&D in the field of decision making for nuclear power plant maintenance and operation during the past seven year; • to highlight the strong and weak points of the developed methodology and tools and to identify the research work needed in order to ensure their use by EDF decision makers; • to introduce and illustrate our last development based on the use of an “adaptative” man/machine user interface in order to allows technical/strategic experts and decision makers to consult the useful pieces of knowledge in a context dependent way and, thus, facilitate the validation of the knowledge-base content and the analysis of the processed results. As a result, in this paper, we first remind the reader of the EDF overall methodology for asset management and its adaptations to plant-level life cycle management and to fleet-level component major replacement or capital investment management. We then focus on the three software tools that implement this methodology in order to allow decision makers, in several different contexts to define, evaluate and analyze long term plant operation and maintenance policies, major component replacement policies and capital investment strategies. We also show how the methodology and the software tools were used, from 2003 to 2007, on several pilot case studies. Examples of technical and economic results obtained for plant level pilot case study is quickly described as well as the kinds of conclusions one can draw from them in order to help decision makers evaluate and analyze long term asset management strategies or compare different plants. We then present the opinion of EDF’s decision makers about the developedmethodology and tools — and their use — and our understanding of their feedback. Lastly, we illustrate, using examples of technical and economic knowledge, data and results obtained from our previous pilot case studies, how the concept of an “adaptative” man/machine user interface could be used in order to facilitate the mastering of the methodology and tools’ complexity and to support decision makers’ evaluation and analysis of long term asset management strategies.

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"Contents." In 2016 IEEE Indian Antenna Week (IAW 2016). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indianaw.2016.7883582.

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"Contents." In 2020 IEEE KhPI Week on Advanced Technology (KhPIWeek). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/khpiweek51551.2020.9250069.

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"Contents - IEEE Workshop on Evolvable and Adaptive Hardware (WEAH2007)." In 2007 IEEE Workshop on Evolvable and Adaptive Hardware (WEAH2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/weah.2007.361704.

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Reports on the topic "Weak contexts"

Hertz, Jana C., Derick W. Brinkerhoff, Robin Bush, and Petrarca Karetji. Knowledge Systems: Evidence to Policy Concepts in Practice. RTI Press, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.pb.0024.2006.

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This policy brief reviews the evolution of knowledge-to-policy studies and the emergence of systems perspectives. We explore the less well understood issue of how to grow and reinforce knowledge systems in settings where they are weak and underdeveloped. We offer a knowledge systems model that encapsulates current thinking and present an example of an effort to strengthen a knowledge system, drawn from a project managed by RTI in Indonesia. We conclude with some recommendations for strengthening knowledge systems including promoting debate among a diversity of voices within the knowledge system, providing sustained stakeholder commitment to the systems approach, investing in the components of the knowledge system as well as the interaction between components, fostering a balance between government mechanisms and space for civil society perspectives, and exploring how knowledge systems can engage the private sector. We conclude with suggestions for applying the knowledge systems model in new country contexts including use of a political economy analysis as well as gauging readiness of government actors, research institutes, and media to engage.

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Andonov, Borislav, Rumyana Bojilova, and Plamen Muhtarov. Global Distribution of Total Electron Content Response to Weak Geomagnetic Activity. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.07.10.

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Sturzenegger, Germán, Cecilia Vidal, and Sebastián Martínez. The Last Mile Challenge of Sewage Services in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by Anastasiya Yarygina. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002878.

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Access to piped sewage in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) cities has been on the rise in recent decades. Yet achieving high rates of end-user connection between dwellings and sewage pipelines remains a challenge for water and sanitation utilities. Governments throughout the region are investing millions in increasing access to sewage services but are failing in the last mile. When households do not connect to the sewage system, the full health and social benefits of sanitation investments fail to accrue, and utilities can face lost revenue and higher operating costs. Barriers to connect are diverse, including low willingness to pay for connection costs and/or the associated tariffs, liquidity and credit constrains to cover the cost of upgrades or repairs, information gaps on the benefits of connecting, behavioral obstacles, and collective action failures. In contexts of weak regulation and strong social pressure, utilities typically lack the ability to enforce connection through fines and legal action. This paper explores the scope of the connectivity problem, identifies potential connection barriers, and discusses policy solutions. A research agenda is proposed in support of evidence-based interventions that have the potential to achieve higher effective sanitation coverage more rapidly and cost-effectively in LAC. This research agenda must focus on: i) quantifying the scope of the problem; ii) understanding the barriers that trigger it; and iii) identifying the most cost-effective policy and market-based solutions.

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S. Abdellatif, Omar. Localizing Human Rights SDGs: Ghana in context. Raisina House, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/gh2021sdg.

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In September 2015, Ghana along all UN member states endorsed the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the cardinal agenda towards achieving a prosperous global future. The SDGs are strongly interdependent, making progress in all goals essential for a country’s achievement of sustainable development. While Ghana and other West African nations have exhibited significant economic and democratic development post-independence. The judiciary system and related legal frameworks, as well as the lack of rule law and political will for safeguarding the human rights of its citizens, falls short of considering violations against minorities. Will Ghana be able to localize human rights related SDGs, given that West African governments historically tended to promote internal security and stability at the expense of universal human rights? This paper focuses on evaluating the commitments made by Ghana towards achieving Agenda 2030, with a particular focus on the SDGs 10 and 16 relating to the promotion of reduced inequalities, peace, justice and accountable institutions. Moreover, this paper also analyzes legal instruments and state laws put in place post Ghana’s democratization in 1992 for the purpose of preventing discrimination and human rights violations in the nation. The article aims to highlight how Ghana’s post-independence political experience, the lack of rule of law, flaws in the judiciary system, and the weak public access to justice are obstacles to its effective localization of human rights SGDs. Those obstacles to Ghana’s compliance with SDGs 10 and 16 are outlined in this paper through a consideration of human rights violations faced by the Ghanaian Muslim and HIV minorities, poor prison conditions, limited public access to justice and the country’s failure to commit to international treaties on human rights. Keywords: Ghana, human rights, rule of law, security, Agenda 2030

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Muhlestein, Michael, and Carl Hart. Numerical analysis of weak acoustic shocks in aperiodic array of rigid scatterers. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38579.

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Nonlinear propagation of shock waves through periodic structures have the potential to exhibit interesting phenomena. Frequency content of the shock that lies within a bandgap of the periodic structure is strongly attenuated, but nonlinear frequency-frequency interactions pumps energy back into those bands. To investigate the relative importance of these propagation phenomena, numerical experiments using the Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov (KZK) equation are carried out. Two-dimensional propagation through a periodic array of rectangular waveguides is per-formed by iteratively using the output of one waveguide as the input for the next waveguide. Comparison of the evolution of the initial shock wave for both the linear and nonlinear cases is presented.

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Lapcha, Haidar, and Yusra Mahdi. Coalition Building for Better Religious Education Reform. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.002.

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Developing a good pro-pluralism religious education curriculum requires much planning and a deep understanding of the context. In a country like Iraq, where the education system is in decline due to years of conflict, weak governance and management, and a displacement crisis, this becomes a challenging task. This Learning Briefing, prepared during the implementation phase of the Coalition for Religious Equality and Inclusive Development (CREID) project to introduce reform to the religious education curriculum in Iraq, highlights the key areas of best practices and lessons learned from our stakeholder engagement. The aim is to share these learnings with programme managers, donors and partners to help inform future interventions and curricula development on effective approaches and models for improved quality education.

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Godenau, Dirk, and Daniel Buraschi. Recent trends in irregular maritime immigration in the Canary Islands. Observatorio de la Inmigración de Tenerife. Departamento de Geografía e Historia. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/r.obitfact.2020.06.

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The recent intensification in irregular maritime migrations in the Atlantic route through the Canary Islands, which is employed to reach the European mainland from Africa, coincides in time with the presence of the coronavirus pandemic and incorporates some novelties involving a flow that has been present in the archipelago’s evolution for almost three decades. It also exhibits many similarities with the permanent manifestation of this influx, even though the scant planning and weak response initially implemented in an effort to comprehensively manage this migration has placed the phenomenon at the forefront of the current affairs and debate in the region. As a result, a social context of enormous uncertainty due to the health and economic crisis, the direct and almost real-time knowledge of the outcome of many crossings thanks to social media, together with the confusion sown by how this mobility is being managed, all raise the need to reconsider its analysis in order to ascertain its current characteristics and keys to its understanding.

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Herbert, Siân. Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary No.28. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.008.

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The fortnightly Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary aim to signpost the UK Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office (FCDO) and other UK government departments to the latest evidence and opinions on Covid-19 (C19), to inform and support their responses. This summary features resources on C19’s unequal impacts and policy responses; responses to build long-term resilience to both conflict and pandemics; responses to support forcibly displaced people in Africa and the Middle East; and the implications of C19 for international development cooperation in 2021. Many of the core C19 themes continue to be covered this week, including C19 increasing gender-based violence; whether regime type shapes effective C19 responses; and whether and how C19 is shaping conflict contexts. The summary uses two main sections – (1) literature: – this includes policy papers, academic articles, and long-form articles that go deeper than the typical blog; and (2) blogs & news articles. It is the result of one day of work and is thus indicative but not comprehensive of all issues or publications.

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Oza, Shardul, and Jacobus Cilliers. What Did Children Do During School Closures? Insights from a Parent Survey in Tanzania. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2021/027.

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In this Insight Note, we report results of a phone survey that the RISE Tanzania Research team conducted with 2,240 parents (or alternate primary care-givers) of primary school children following the school closures in Tanzania. After the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Tanzania on 16 March 2020, the government ordered all primary schools closed the following day. Schools remained closed until 29 June 2020. Policymakers and other education stakeholders were concerned that the closures would lead to significant learning loss if children did not receive educational support or engagement at home. To help stem learning loss, the government promoted radio, TV, and internet-based learning content to parents of school-age children. The primary aims of the survey were to understand how children and families responded to the school closures, the education related activities they engaged in, and their strategies to send children back to school. The survey also measures households’ engagement with remote learning content over the period of school closures. We supplement the findings of the parent survey with insights from interviews with Ward Education Officers about their activities during the school closures. The survey sample is comprised of primary care-givers (in most cases, parents) of students enrolled in Grades 3 and 4 during the 2020 school year. The survey builds on an existing panel of students assessed in 2019 and 2020 in a nationally representative sample of schools.4 The parent surveys were conducted using Computer Assisted Telephonic Interviewing (CATI) over a two-week period in early September 2020, roughly two months after the re-opening of primary schools. We report the following key findings from this survey: *Almost all (more than 99 percent) of children in our sample were back in school two months after schools re-opened. The vast majority of parents believed it was either safe or extremely safe for their children to return to school. *Only 6 percent of households reported that their children listened to radio lessons during the school closures; and a similar fraction (5.5 percent) tuned into TV lessons over the same period. Less than 1 percent of those surveyed accessed educational programmes on the internet. Households with access to radio or TV reported higher usage. *Approximately 1 in 3 (36 percent) children worked on the family farm during the closures, with most children working either 2 or 3 days a week. Male children were 6.2 percentage points likelier to work on the family farm than female children. *Households have limited access to education materials for their child. While more than 9 out of 10 households have an exercise book, far fewer had access to textbooks (35 percent) or own reading books (31 percent). *One in four parents (24 percent) read a book to their child in the last week.

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Megersa, Kelbesa. Tax Transparency for an Effective Tax System. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.070.

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This rapid review examines evidence on the transparency in the tax system and its benefits; e.g. rising revenue, strengthen citizen/state relationship, and rule of law. Improvements in tax transparency can help in strengthening public finances in developing countries that are adversely affected by COVID-19. The current context (i.e. a global pandemic, widespread economic slowdown/recessions, and declining tax revenues) engenders the urgency of improving domestic resource mobilisation (DRM) and the fight against illicit financial flows (IFFs). Even before the advent of COVID-19, developing countries’ tax systems were facing several challenges, including weak tax administrations, low taxpayer morale and “hard-to-tax” sectors. The presence of informational asymmetry (i.e. low tax transparency) between taxpayers and tax authorities generates loopholes for abuse of the tax system. It allows the hiding of wealth abroad with a limited risk of being caught. Cases of such behaviour that are exposed without proper penalty may result in a decline in the morale of citizens and a lower level of voluntary compliance with tax legislation. A number of high-profile tax leaks and scandals have undermined public confidence in the fairness of tax systems and generated a strong demand for effective counteraction and tax transparency. One of the key contributing factors to lower tax revenues in developing countries (that is linked to low tax transparency) is a high level of IFFs. These flows, including international tax evasion and the laundering of corruption proceeds, build a major obstacle to successful DRM efforts. Research has also identified an association between organisational transparency (e.g. transparency by businesses and tax authorities) and stakeholder trust (e.g. between citizens and the state). However, the evidence is mixed as to how transparency in particular influences trust and perceptions of trustworthiness.

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