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Journal articles on the topic 'Weakest link theory'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Zok, Frank W. "On weakest link theory and Weibull statistics." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 100, no. 4 (2017): 1265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jace.14665.

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2

Madsen, Borg, and Andrew H. Buchanan. "Size effects in timber explained by a modified weakest link theory." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 13, no. 2 (1986): 218–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l86-030.

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This paper represents a new approach to size effects in timber. The design process in Canadian Standards Association code CAN3-086-M80 allows for size effects in shear and in tension but not in bending. A large number of bending test results arc analyzed in this paper to show that size effects in bending are very important. A modification is made to the traditional weakest link theory for size effects to reflect the anisotropic nature of timber. Good agreement is obtained between tests and theory. The theory enables us to compare tests with different spans and (or) load configurations with an

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3

Chojnowska, Małgorzata, and Iwona Królikowska. "HUMAN FACTOR — THE WEAKEST LINK OF SECURITY SYSTEM." Annual of Navigation 20, no. 1 (2013): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aon-2013-0001.

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ABSTRACT The authors of the following article reveal what happens with so-called ‘human factor’ on board during routine work as well as in life-threatening situations. They analyze two groups of variables, which determine safe behaviors: subjective (emotional, temperamental, sense of control, vocational experiences, individual experiences in emergencies) and social conditioning (organizational culture of workplace, safety culture). They point out, that in todays’ maritime education the analysis of human behaviors on board and broadening of ideals of maritime safety culture, are being devoted n

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4

Valcea, Sorin, Maria Hamdani, and Bret Bradley. "Weakest Link Goal Orientations and Team Expertise: Implications for Team Performance." Small Group Research 50, no. 3 (2019): 315–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046496418825302.

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Using prior theory and research, we argue that a team member with a low learning goal or a high avoid orientation is detrimental for the expertise–performance relationship in team tasks. Results from a study of 82 teams showed that, after controlling for goal orientation team composition, expertise improved team performance only when teams did not have a weak link team member. In contrast, when teams had this weak link teammate, expertise did not improve performance, and in some cases damaged it. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

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5

Gélébart, Lionel. "Grain size effects and weakest link theory in 3D crystal plasticity simulations of polycrystals." Comptes Rendus. Physique 22, S3 (2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5802/crphys.53.

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6

Tomaszewski, Tomasz, Przemysław Strzelecki, Adam Mazurkiewicz, and Janusz Musiał. "Probabilistic Estimation of Fatigue Strength for Axial and Bending Loading in High-Cycle Fatigue." Materials 13, no. 5 (2020): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051148.

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In this paper, the sensitivity to the type of loads (axial and bending loading) of selected construction materials (AW6063 T6 aluminum alloy, S355J2+C structural steel, and 1.4301 acid-resistant steel) in high-cycle fatigue was verified. The obtained S-N fatigue characteristics were described by a probabilistic model of the 3-parameters Weibull cumulative distribution function. The main area of research concerned the correct implementation of the weakest link theory model. The theory is based on a highly-stressed surface area and a highly-stressed volume in the region of the highest stresses.

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7

Vu, Chi Cong, Jérôme Weiss, Olivier Plé, and David Amitrano. "Statistical Size Effects on Compressive Strength and Mechanical Behavior of Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 754 (September 2017): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.754.317.

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The size effect on strength of concrete has been studied for a long time from various approaches. In particular, the weakest-link theory remains nowadays the basic tool to interpret statistical size effects, i.e. how the probability of failure under a given stress depends on external size. The main shortcoming of Weibull’s theory is that the activation of fracture from the weakest flaw is assumed to set the final strength, i.e. possible interactions between microcracks and defects during progressive damage are implicitly neglected. The objective of this study is to determine experimentally the

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8

Lam, Frank. "Length effect on the tensile strength of truss chord members." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 3 (2000): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l99-084.

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Length effects on the tensile strength of multiple member truss chords have been studied. Simulation and reliability studies have been presented to evaluate the impact of length and multiple member effects on the target safety index for tensile failure. Results indicate significant length effect can be expected for long multiple tension chord members. Based on the Weibull weakest link theory, length effect adjustment parameters have been established. Further simulation and reliability studies have demonstrated the robustness of the proposed length effect adjustment procedures. A procedure has

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9

Sellier, Alain, and Benoı̂t Bary. "Coupled damage tensors and weakest link theory for the description of crack induced anisotropy in concrete." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 69, no. 17 (2002): 1925–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7944(02)00069-3.

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10

WORMSEN, A., B. SJÖDIN, G. HÄRKEGÅRD, and A. FJELDSTAD. "Non-local stress approach for fatigue assessment based on weakest-link theory and statistics of extremes." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 30, no. 12 (2007): 1214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.2007.01190.x.

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11

Xiao, Jing, Yu Qiu, Yini He, et al. "‘Weakest Link’ as a Cognitive Vulnerability Within the Hopelessness Theory of Depression in Chinese University Students." Stress and Health 32, no. 1 (2014): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smi.2571.

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12

Moses, D. M., and H. G. L. Prion. "A three-dimensional model for bolted connections in wood." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 3 (2003): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l03-009.

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Recent criticism of the bolted connection requirements in the Canadian wood design code CSA Standard O86 indicates that the code lacks consideration of the different modes of failure, particularly as they relate to multiple-bolt connections. A finite element model is proposed to predict loaddisplacement behaviour, stress distributions, ultimate strength, and mode of failure in single- and multiple-bolt connections. The three-dimensional (3-D) model uses anisotropic plasticity for the wood member and elastoplasticity for the bolt. The Weibull weakest link theory is used to predict failure at g

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13

Jones, Charles I. "Intermediate Goods and Weak Links in the Theory of Economic Development." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 3, no. 2 (2011): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.3.2.1.

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What explains the enormous differences in incomes across countries? This paper returns to two old ideas: linkages and complementarity. First, linkages between firms through intermediate goods deliver a multiplier similar to the one associated with capital in a neoclassical growth model. Because the intermediate goods share of output is about one-half, this multiplier is substantial. Second, just as a chain is only as strong as its weakest link, problems along a production chain can sharply reduce output under complementarity. These forces considerably amplify distortions to the allocation of r

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14

Hild, Franc¸ois, Didier Marquis, Olivier Kadouch, and Jean-Pierre Lambelin. "Analysis of the Failure of Ceramics Due to Subcritical Crack Growth." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 118, no. 3 (1996): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2806816.

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Failure conditions are assessed when ceramics exhibit Subcritical Crack Growth from preexisting flaws. In the framework of the weakest link theory and independent events hypothesis, a reliability analysis is carried out by modeling flaw distributions and crack growth laws. Experimental data obtained on a spinel Mn Zn ferrite subjected to five different load rates are analyzed by using an expression for the failure probability accounting for Subcritical Crack Growth.

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15

Oh, Sei Chang. "Estimation of Depth Effect on the Bending Strength of Domestic Japanese Larch Structural Lumber using Weibull Weakest Link Theory." Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 42, no. 2 (2014): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5658/wood.2014.42.2.112.

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16

Roháč, Dalibor. "Emergence of Cooperation in Public Goods Problems." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 26, no. 1 (2008): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569208x15664517301896.

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Abstract In this paper, we discuss several issues related to public goods provision. Unlike many Austrians, we do not think that the concept of public goods - or of collective action - is an inherently flawed idea, even though we reject the alleged welfare implications of public goods theory, as proposed by orthodox public finance literature. We then argue that the structure of a generic public goods problem is more a game of chicken or an assurance game than a prisoner's dilemma and that this has important implications with regard to the plausibility of cooperative outcomes. Namely, when the

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17

Aurigemma, Salvatore. "A Composite Framework for Behavioral Compliance with Information Security Policies." Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 25, no. 3 (2013): 32–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.2013070103.

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To combat potential security threats, organizations rely upon information security policies to guide employee actions. Unfortunately, employee violations of such policies are common and costly enough that users are often considered the weakest link in information security. This paper presents a composite theoretical framework for understanding employee behavioral compliance with organizational information security policies. Building off of the theory of planned behavior, a composite model is presented that incorporates the strengths of previous studies while minimizing theoretical gaps present

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18

Srivatsan, T. S., M. Sambandham, and A. T. Bharucha-Reid. "The Effect of Material Heterogeneity and Random Loading on the Mechanics of Fatigue Crack Growth." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 108, no. 3 (1986): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3269338.

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This paper reviews the experimental work on the influence of variable amplitude or random loads on the mechanics and micromechanisms of fatigue crack growth. Implications are discussed in terms of the crack driving force, local plasticity, crack closure, crack blunting, and microstructure. Due to heterogeneity in the material’s microstructure, the crack growth rate varies with crack tip position. Using the weakest link theory, an expression for crack growth rate is obtained as the expectation of a random variable. This expression is used to predict the crack growth rates for aluminum alloys, a

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19

Duffy, S. F., and J. M. Manderscheid. "Noninteractive Macroscopic Reliability Model for Ceramic Matrix Composites With Orthotropic Material Symmetry." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 112, no. 4 (1990): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906196.

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A macroscopic noninteractive reliability model for ceramic matrix composites is presented. The model is multiaxial and applicable to composites that can be characterized as orthotropic. Tensorial invariant theory is used to create an integrity basis with invariants that correspond to physical mechanisms related to fracture. This integrity basis is then used to construct a failure function per unit volume (or area) of material. It is assumed that the overall strength of the composite is governed by weakest link theory. This leads to a Weibull-type model similar in nature to the principle of ind

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20

She, S., J. D. Landes, J. A. M. Boulet, and J. E. Stoneking. "Statistical Theory for Predicting the Failure of Brittle Materials." Journal of Applied Mechanics 58, no. 1 (1991): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2897177.

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Statistical models for predicting failure probability of brittle materials are investigated. A formula is derived from a physical consideration for the fracture of microcracks in materials based on the general forms of a fracture criterion and a statistical distribution function incorporating the weakest link principle. The relationships of this model and other statistical models in the literature are discussed; they were found to be equivalent for isotropic materials in which microcracks are randomly distributed in all directions. The statistical model is also used in a failure analysis of th

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21

Madsen, Borg. "Size effects in defect-free Douglas fir." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 2 (1990): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-029.

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This paper describes experimental work on size effects occurring in defect-free Douglas fir and suggests empirical methods for modelling these. It was found, contrary to present belief, that the size effects could best be described as a volume effect. It was also found that wet and dry materials behaved very differently with respect to size effects. Defect-free material represents the stronger and more expensive range of materials available to the structural engineers. It is, therefore, important that the material behavior be better understood in order to create structures that are both safe a

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22

He, Xi Xi, and Zhi Hui Xie. "Experimental Study on Statistical Parameters of Concrete Strength Based on Weibull Probability Distribution." Key Engineering Materials 477 (April 2011): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.477.224.

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Along with deterministic size effect theory statement, Weibull distributed size effect has been neglected generally. The author believes that, deterministic size effect is not established to the basic strength index of plain concrete without notches. Definite size effect has an application limitation on the large-size zone. The most recent development of size effect is the fracture size effect theory based on probability in modern times. As a result of stress concentration caused by the notches, failure mechanism is bond to be affected. Therefore, the existing fracture theory needs to be teste

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23

Bosco, Nick, Martin Springer, Jiqi Liu, Sameera Nalin Venkat, and Roger H. French. "Employing Weibull Analysis and Weakest Link Theory to Resolve Crystalline Silicon PV Cell Strength Between Bare Cells and Reduced- and Full-Sized Modules." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 11, no. 3 (2021): 731–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2021.3056673.

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24

Suzuki, H., S. Kinugawa, and Hideki Sekine. "Load Carrying Capacity of Notched CFRP Laminates." Key Engineering Materials 430 (March 2010): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.430.47.

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On the basis of a micromechanical study, a method for evaluating load carrying capacity of notched CFRP laminates is developed. The damage zone at a notch tip in CFRP laminates is modeled as a fictitious crack with a cohesive stress acting on the crack surface. Then, applying the Weibull weakest link theory to the strength of surviving fiber bundles on the crack surface, we derive the relationship between the cohesive stress and the crack opening displacement, i.e., the tension-softening relation. By incorporating it in a BEM scheme, the load-displacement relationship is simulated. The simulat

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25

Goldratt, Rami, and Nava Weiss. "Significant enhancement of academic achievement through application of the Theory of Constraints (TOC)." Human Systems Management 24, no. 1 (2005): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-2005-24103.

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Changes in the administration of matriculation examinations in Israel (based on the Theory of Constraints), has produced a marked improvement in the high school graduation rate of underprivileged students, without the need for additional manpower or resources and without changing the pedagogical way teachers are asked to teach the relevant knowledge. Because of changes made within the educational system in the early 1990's, the high school diploma has become the prime measure of success also for underprivileged students, within the vocational/technological high school track. This article prese

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26

Shibata, Taiju, Junya Sumita, Sinichi Baba, et al. "Basic Concept on Structural Design Criteria for Zirconia Ceramics Applying to Nuclear Components." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 728–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.728.

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As an advanced in-core material in high temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs), superplastic ceramics is attractive due to the possibility of the plastic working. For the application to the nuclear fields, the basic concept of design criteria was studied for typical superplastic ceramics, tetragonal zirconia polycrystals containing 3mol% yttria (3Y-TZP). The experimental results on 3Y-TZP showed that it is possible to apply the Weibull weakest-link theory to decide the stress limits in the criteria. The Weibull parameter m was evaluated as 9.5 for the bending and as 26.5 for the compressive.

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27

Sakellaropoulos, Spyros. "Lenin’s Theory of the Weakest Link and the Intervention by the Greek Radical Left in the Course of the Crisis: Lessons for the Future." International Critical Thought 11, no. 1 (2021): 98–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21598282.2020.1866639.

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28

Bažant, Zdeněk P. "Design of quasibrittle materials and structures to optimize strength and scaling at probability tail: an apercu." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2224 (2019): 20180617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0617.

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The objective in materials or structure design has been to maximize the mean strength. However, as generally agreed, engineering structures, such as bridges, aircraft or microelectromechanical systems must be designed for tail probability of failure less than 10 −6 per lifetime. But this objective is not the same. Indeed, a quasibrittle material or structure with a superior mean strength can have, for the same coefficient of variation, an inferior strength at the less than 10 −6 tail. This tail is unreachable by histogram testing. So, one needs a rational theory, physically based and experimen

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Hosseini, Seyed Abdolkarim, Li-Ting Lin, and Frank Ko. "Investigation of the mechanical properties of lignin nanofibrous structures using statistical modeling." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 17 (2017): 1943–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517715080.

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The growing use of nanomaterials, environmental concerns and related industrial applications have provided unique opportunities for the development of nanofibers from natural biopolymers such as lignin. The main purpose of this study was to develop a direct relationship between lignin single nanofiber, the aligned nanofiber mat and the twisted nanofiber yarn’s strength using the weakest link theory of strength and the statistical model proposed for parallel fiber bundles. Twisted yarn strength was obtained via in situ mechanical properties of yarn constituent nanofibers affected by the Weibull

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30

Shetty, D. K. "Mixed-Mode Fracture Criteria for Reliability Analysis and Design With Structural Ceramics." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 109, no. 3 (1987): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240037.

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Increasing use of ceramics in structural applications has led to the development of a probabilistic design methodology that combines three elements: linear elastic fracture mechanics theory that relates strengths of ceramics to size, shape, and orientation of critical flaws, a characteristic flaw size distribution function that accounts for the size effect on strength via the weakest-link concept, and a time-dependent strength caused by subcritical crack growth or other mechanisms. This paper reviews recent research that has been focused on the first of the above three elements, the investigat

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31

Januszko-Szakiel, Aneta, Paloma Korycińska, and Aleksandra Dereń. "Infobrokering project management in line with the Theory of Constraints - a case study." Zagadnienia Informacji Naukowej - Studia Informacyjne 58, no. 2(116) (2020): 64–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36702/zin.729.

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Purpose/Thesis: The paper aims to introduce practical applications of the Theory of Constraints (TOC), developed by the Israeli physicist Eliyahu M. Goldratt. Special attention is paid to the TOC-derived project management methodology called the Critical Chain Concept, seldom yet successfully applied in business practice. An attempt to have TOC implemented in the management of an infobrokering project is reported. Approach/Methods: Two methods were applied: (1) a critical review of the literature on the subject, (2) a case study for the purpose of which both a participatory and non-par

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32

Yao, Mei, Qingxian Yan, and Yu Kui Gao. "'Micro-Meso-Process Theory' for Fatigue Source Evolution in Metallic Parts." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.90.

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This paper is an overview of our previous works [1-15]. A “micro-meso-process theory” [1, 3, 7] for quantitative analyses of the critical conditions of fatigue source evolution in metals and metallic parts has been established under comprehensive considerations of the processes occurring in individual weak grains (called as “micro-processes”) and the cooperative processes occurring in their surrounding grains (called as “meso-processes”), as well as the macro-scopical features of the fatigue behaviour. All these processes have stochastic and harmonizing characters, then it is concluded, that t

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Sadananda, Ramana. "A probabilistic approach to bone fracture analysis." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 1 (1991): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.0202.

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Bones are biological structural materials made of dynamically adaptable tissues. They can be considered as complex natural composite materials with load bearing constituents such as osteons and interstitial lamellae cemented with weak bonding materials. In addition, they contain Haversian and Volkmann canals that are functionally needed but are structurally weak. Because of large variation in microstructure, the strength of a bone varies from bone to bone and animal to animal. In this study the applicability of Weibull statistics to fracture strength of bones has been evaluated. The statistics

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Takeo, Kyohei, Yuya Aoki, Toshio Osada, Wataru Nakao, and Shingo Ozaki. "Finite Element Analysis of the Size Effect on Ceramic Strength." Materials 12, no. 18 (2019): 2885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12182885.

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The most prominent effect of the weakest link theory, which is used to derive the Weibull statistics of ceramic strength, is the size effect. In this study, we analyze the size effect on ceramic strength using the finite element analysis (FEA) methodology previously proposed by the authors. In the FEA methodology, the data of the microstructure distribution (i.e., relative density, size, and aspect ratio of the pore and the grain size) are considered as input parameters of a continuum damage model via a fracture mechanical model. Specifically, we examine five sizes of rectangular specimens und

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35

Trampus, Péter. "Micro Structural Aspects of Unstable Crack Propagation in Ferritic Steels." Materials Science Forum 537-538 (February 2007): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.537-538.465.

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Fracture of ferritic reactor pressure vessel steels is determined by temperature and specimen size. In low temperature fracture occurs by cleavage, with elevation of temperature and decrease of specimen size the ratio of ductile tearing prior to cleavage increases and, in the end, fracture will have a ductile character. There is a temperature interval where both fracture mechanisms are present. Hypothesis of the traditional (global) assessment method has been that the shift of the fracture toughness reference curves due to neutron irradiation is equal with the shift of the ductile-to-brittle t

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Karbassi, Amin, and Marie-José Nollet. "Performance-Based Seismic Vulnerability Evaluation of Masonry Buildings Using Applied Element Method in a Nonlinear Dynamic-Based Analytical Procedure." Earthquake Spectra 29, no. 2 (2013): 399–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000148.

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A thorough four-step performance-based seismic evaluation for a six-story unreinforced masonry building is conducted. Incremental dynamic analysis is carried out using the applied element method to take advantage of its ability to simulate progressive collapse of the masonry structure including out-of-plane failure of the walls. The distribution of the structural responses and inters-tory drifts from the incremental dynamic analysis curves are used to develop both spectral-based (Sa) and displacement-based (interstory drift) fragility curves at three structural performance levels. The curves r

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Wang, Xingang, Bingxiang Wang, Miaoxin Chang, and Lei Li. "Reliability and sensitivity analysis for bearings considering the correlation of multiple failure modes by mixed Copula function." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 234, no. 1 (2019): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x19876137.

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The correlation between contact fatigue failure and wear failure of rolling bearing is analyzed, and the reliability model of rolling bearing based on multi-correlation failure mode is established. Based on the improved linear fatigue cumulative damage theory and wear theory, the limit state equations of two failure modes are established, and the correlation of state functions of contact fatigue and wear failure modes is described by the mixed Copula function. The random sample data are generated by Monte Carlo method, and the unknown parameters are estimated by genetic algorithm based on the

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Wang, Yong, Weidong Yu, and Fumei Wang. "Experimental evaluation and modified Weibull characterization of the tensile behavior of tri-component elastic-conductive composite yarn." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 10 (2017): 1138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517698991.

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In order to clarify the effects of the extension rate and gauge length upon the distribution of tensile strength of tri-component elastic-conductive composite yarn (t-ECCY), experimental as well as theoretical studies have been performed in this paper. Influences of the extension rate and gauge length are highlighted. The yarn exhibits an extension-rate strengthening effect, and the higher extension rate results in a higher strength and fracture strain, irrespective of the gauge length considered, and vice versa. Expressed in terms of gauge length, yarn tenacity shows a drop for a longer testi

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Yuryna Connolly, Lena, Michael Lang, John Gathegi, and Doug J. Tygar. "Organisational culture, procedural countermeasures, and employee security behaviour." Information & Computer Security 25, no. 2 (2017): 118–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-03-2017-0013.

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Purpose This paper provides new insights about security behaviour in selected US and Irish organisations by investigating how organisational culture and procedural security countermeasures tend to influence employee security actions. An increasing number of information security breaches in organisations presents a serious threat to the confidentiality of personal and commercially sensitive data. While recent research shows that humans are the weakest link in the security chain and the root cause of a great portion of security breaches, the extant security literature tends to focus on technical

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40

Fuis, Vladimír, and Premysl Janicek. "Stress Analysis of the Hip Joint Endoprosthesis Ceramic Head for Different Values of Shape Deviations." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.770.

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The paper deals with the problems of ceramic head of hip joint endoprosthesis destructions, and with assessing the impact of shape deviations of conical surfaces on the tensile stress under ISO 7206-5 loading. The failure of the hip joint endoprosthesis ceramic head has always traumatic consequences for the patient, since a part of or even the whole endoprosthesis has to be reoperated. Hence, it is desired to reduce the number of implant re-operations to the minimum. Therefore the computational modelling of the stress of the head was realised. The shape deviations of the ideal contact cone are

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Takashima, Yasuhito, Mitsuru Ohata, and Fumiyoshi Minami. "Analysis of Statistical Scatter in Charpy Impact Toughness." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 2394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2394.

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Charpy impact toughness values show large statistical scatter, particularly in the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) range. Although the statistical distribution of Charpy absorbed energy has not been clarified, critical values of the stress intensity factor, J-integral and crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD) at brittle fracture generally show the Weibull distribution with two or three parameters. This study proposes a brittle fracture model, based on the weakest link theory, for evaluating the scatter in Charpy absorbed energy KV. The numerical results show that the amplitude

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Lechner, Philipp, Christoph Hartmann, Florian Ettemeyer, and Wolfram Volk. "A Plane Stress Failure Criterion for Inorganically-Bound Core Materials." Materials 14, no. 2 (2021): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020247.

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Inorganically-bound core materials are used in foundries in high quantities. However, there is no validated mechanical failure criterion, which allows performing finite-element calculations on the core geometries, yet. With finite-element simulations, the cores could be optimised for various production processes from robotic core handling to the decoring process after the casting. To identify a failure criterion, we propose testing methods, that enable us to investigate the fracture behaviour of inorganically-bound core materials. These novel testing methods induce multiple bi-axial stress sta

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V, Balaji, P. Venkumar, and Sabitha MS. "Smart Manufacturing through TOC based Efficiency Monitoring System (TBEMS)." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.10 (2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.10.20820.

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The very purpose of business is to devise profitability and enhance it in all possible avenues sustainable. In a manufacturing environment, thus, there had been a number of techniques and concepts adapted to improvise the effectiveness thereby profits continuously. Theory of Constraints (TOC) adopts a unique con-cept exploiting the constraint to deliver the customer needs. TOC is built on the premise that the weakest link determines the strength of the whole chain. With the advent of Industry 4.0, the manufacturing systems could be exploited to the next best level, leveraging the interaction o

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Немировский, Юрий Владимирович. "Maximum permissible inelastic deformations of hybrid rectangular plates during intense explosions." Вестник Чувашского государственного педагогического университета им. И.Я. Яковлева. Серия: Механика предельного состояния, no. 1(47) (June 30, 2021): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2021.1.47.012.

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Для гибридных прямоугольных слоистых пластин из произвольных наборов изотропных конструкционных материалов с симметричной структурой расположения слоев относительно отчетной (нейтральной) поверхности получены аналитические формулы оценок допустимой остаточной повреждаемости при воздействии интенсивных нагрузок взрывного типа. Закрепления контура предусматривают любую комбинацию из жестких или шарнирных условий отдельных сторон прямоугольного контура. В основе рассмотренной модели использованы традиционные кинематические гипотезы Кирхгофа, деформационная теория А.А. Ильюшина, принцип слабейшего

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Lim, Daryl. "Can Computational Antitrust Succeed?" Stanford Journal of Computational Antitrust, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51868/3.

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Computational antitrust comes to us at a time when courts and agencies are underfunded and overwhelmed, all while having to apply indeterminate rules to massive amounts of information in fast-moving markets. In the same way that Amazon disrupted e-commerce through its inventory and sales algorithms and TikTok’s progressive recommendation system keeps users hooked, computational antitrust holds the promise to revolutionize antitrust law. Implemented well, computational antitrust can help courts curate and refine precedential antitrust cases, identify anticompetitive effects, and model innovatio

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Madsen, Borg. "Length effects in 38 mm spruce–pine–fir dimension lumber." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 2 (1990): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-028.

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This paper deals with some of the problems arising when the strength of a structural member varies along its length such as occurs in timber members where knots and other natural growth characteristics create cross sections with varying strengths along the length of the member. Failure may then take place wherever a weak cross section happens to be subjected to high stresses. A different concept of strength must be introduced into the design codes in order to reflect the probability of such an occurrence. Strength becomes a function of length, depth, and load configuration, all of which must b

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Kim, Min Chul, Bong Sang Lee, Won Jon Yang, and Jun Hwa Hong. "Determination of the Key Microstructural Parameter for the Cleavage Fracture Toughness of Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels in the Transition Region." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 1672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.1672.

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The effects of the microstructural parameters, such as the prior austenite grain size and carbide size, on the cleavage fracture toughness were investigated in the transition region of Mn-Mo-Ni bainitic low alloy steels. Cleavage fracture toughness was evaluated by the ASTM standard E 1921 Master curve method. In order to clarify the effects of each microstructure, the grain size and carbide size of the test materials were independently controlled by modifying the heat treatment process. Firstly, the grain sizes were changed from 25㎛ to 110㎛ without any significant changes in the carbide size

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Vogl, Joseph. "The Undoing of Functional Differentiation." October 149 (July 2014): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00185.

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On Friday morning, September 12, 2008, the New York investment bank Lehman Brothers was on the brink of bankruptcy. Over the course of the next four days, this situation would precipitate a rapid series of crisis meetings between American and British government officials, central-bank leaders, major international banks, and private investors. Already in March of the same year, the investment bank Bear Stearns had been forced to accept a merger with JPMorgan Chase, supported by a $29 billion government guarantee, and after the mortgage lenders Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac received a $140 billion

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Burton, Jasmine, Devika Patel, Grace Landry, Sarah M. Anderson, and Emma Rary. "Failure of the “Gold Standard”: The Role of a Mixed Methods Research Toolkit and Human-Centered Design in Transformative WASH." Environmental Health Insights 15 (January 2021): 117863022110183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302211018391.

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From preventing cholera and diarrhea by reducing exposure to human waste, to reducing transmission of COVID-19 through handwashing, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) can save lives. Numerous global health initiatives have been created to combat the spread of infectious diseases. However, according to the Sanitation and Hygiene Fund, “decades of under investment in sanitation and hygiene have made this sector the weakest link in our efforts to achieve the [Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)].” There appear to be various reasons for the lag in global attention to, funding toward, and innova

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Sedley, David. "The Ethics of Brutus and Cassius." Journal of Roman Studies 87 (November 1997): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/301367.

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Among that select band of philosophers who have managed to change the world, and not just to interpret it, it would be hard to find a pair with a higher public profile than Brutus and Cassius — brothers-in-law, fellow-assassins, and Shakespearian heroes. Yet curiously little is understood of the connection, if any, between the fact that they were philosophers and their joint decision to form the conspiracy against Caesar. It may not even be widely known that they were philosophers.What work has been done on this question has been focused on Cassius' Epicureanism, thanks above all to a famous r

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