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Academic literature on the topic 'Wear pattern'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 July 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Wear pattern"

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Oraby, Samy E. "Determination of the Real Cutting Edge Wear Contact Area on the Tool-Workpiece Interface in the Light of Cutting Forces Variations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 1406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.1406.

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The determination of actual stresses over the tool-workpiece interface has long been a matter of debate among researchers. Evaluation of the nature and the geometry of the wear contact area were always associated with many, sometime impractical, assumptions. The indeterministic fashion of edge wear and deformation requires a more realistic way to predict the actual wear contact area. In the current study, many wear area patterns are proposed considering the different wear modes of the cutting edge. The selection of the most correlated pattern to a specific edge deformation is justified using the relevant variations in the radial and the axial force components. For a regular wear over the entire cutting edge, a wear pattern that considers nose and/or flank is justified. When the cutting edge plastically fails, a pattern that considers only nose wear is preferred. As the cutting edge is subjected to many types of irregular disturbances of edge fracture and chipping, a wear pattern considering both flank and nose wear is selected.

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Vernon, Wesley, Anne Parry, and Michael Potter. "A Theory of Shoe Wear Pattern Influence Incorporating a New Paradigm for the Podiatric Medical Profession." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 94, no. 3 (2004): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0940261.

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Qualitative analysis of shoe wear patterns collected from a questionnaire evaluating podiatric physicians’ experiences in this area suggests that wear patterns could indicate causative function within a known pathologic context. Several different functions are suggested by patterns associated with each of the pathologic entities involved, and analysis of the relationship between patterns and reasons given by respondents for pattern-form variations show the strongest associations to be with functionally termed conditions. A basic model is proposed to present factors important in wear pattern production, suggesting that a new concept of primary walking intention is more influential than foot pathologies in wear pattern formation and that external factors are also influential, with the combined factors being described as the “holistic foot function.” This model may provide a variety of benefits to podiatric medicine; as shoe wear patterns are records of the usual long-term activity of the functioning foot, this paradigm could form a basis for podiatric medical practice. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(3): 261–268, 2004)

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Wang, M. H., W. Wang, S. T. Huang, and Yue Sun. "Study on the Mechanism of Diamond Wear in Precision Cutting of Isotropic Pyrolytic Graphite." Key Engineering Materials 499 (January 2012): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.499.168.

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Isotropic pyrolytic graphite is a kind of graphite material. Because of its excellent performance, it is gradually used in aero-engine turbine shaft seals. But this material is a kind of brittle material, and it wears seriously during the cutting process. Through analysis of the process of cutting this material with PCD insert, the main wear region and the wear pattern at different cutting time were obtained. Using the scanning electron microscopy to observe the wear regions, the wear mechanism of PCD was obtained. At the first stage of the wear mechanisms were mainly mechanical wear and abrasive wear, the main wear regions were rake face and the cutting edge. With the increase of cutting distance, about 32 min later, both the depth of the crater on the rake face and the depth of micro grooves on the flank face were increased. Abrasive wear on the cutting face and the micro grooves wear on the flank face were the main wear pattern at the stable wear stage. At rapid wear stage, cutting edge was transformed from micro chipping into tool tipping. This caused by erosion wear .Experimental results indicated that the wear pattern was typical mechanical wear, abrasive wear, cutting edge erosion wear and possible adhesive wear.

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MORITA, Hidetoshi, Atsuo SUEOKA, Kenichiro MATUZAKI, and Takahiro RYU. "443 Pattern Formation Phenomena by Wear : Growth Process of Polygonal Wear." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2008 (2008): _443–1_—_443–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2008._443-1_.

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Vignesh, G., and Debabrata Barik. "An Experimental Investigation of Dimple-Texturing on the Tribological Performance of Hardened AISI H-13 Steel." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 1 (2022): 6391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.03.0722.

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The fabrication of dimple-texture is essential for reducing friction and wear in frictional interaction pairs. The tribological characteristics of the frictional interaction pairs can be improved by controlling the dimple pattern, the depth to diameter ratio, and the area density ratio. In this study, the tribological characteristics of tungsten carbide discs with various dimple-texture patterns and hardened AISI H-13 steel pins are tested experimentally using a pin on disc wear tester to identify the wear mechanism. Laser marking technology was utilized to fabricate the dimple-textures such as circular arrays of the honeycomb pattern and spherical dimple-texture pattern with varying area density ratios. The impact of dimple-texture patterns is examined experimentally under dry testing conditions. Dimple-textured surfaces have a positive influence as compared to non-textured smooth surfaces. Particularly, the spherical dimple-textured pattern reduces frictional coefficient and wear rate by 45% and 51%, respectively, compared to non-textured smooth surfaces. The dimple-texture pattern and area density ratio control are essential features in dimple-texturing.

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Tamada, Ryota, and Masaki Shiraishi. "Prediction of Uneven Tire Wear Using Wear Progress Simulation." Tire Science and Technology 45, no. 2 (2017): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.17.450201.

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ABSTRACT Tire wear performance is very important in terms of safety and economic benefit for customers and environmental conservation. Tire wear performance can be sorted into “global” or “local” wear. Local wear means uneven tire wear, for example, heel/toe wear, one-sided shoulder wear, feather edge wear, etc. This uneven wear decreases tire life locally and has the potential for causing a noise problem, so it is very important to improve uneven wear performance for long life tire. It is difficult to correctly evaluate the uneven tire wear performance of a brand-new tire, because the tire wear performance changes with tire pattern shape transformation as it wears. In order to experimentally evaluate uneven wear performance accurately, we have to do time-consuming tire road tests. Therefore, we need a prediction method for uneven wear. In this paper, we introduce “wear progress simulation” developed in order to evaluate heel/toe wear performance, which occurs in the shoulder blocks. This method involves “wearing out the finite element (FE) tire model” using wear energy calculated from tire rolling simulation. By this method, we can observe the transformation of tire pattern shape and wear energy distribution. As a result, we can estimate the difference of heel/toe wear performance among tires by our developed simulation.

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Cho, J. C., and B. C. Jung. "Prediction of Tread Pattern Wear by an Explicit Finite Element Model3." Tire Science and Technology 35, no. 4 (2007): 276–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2804913.

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Abstract Tread pattern wear is predicted by using an explicit finite element model (FEM) and compared with the indoor drum test results under a set of actual driving conditions. One pattern is used to determine the wear rate equation, which is composed of slip velocity and tangential stress under a single driving condition. Two other patterns with the same size (225/45ZR17) and profile are used to be simulated and compared with the indoor wear test results under the actual driving conditions. As a study on the rubber wear rate equation, trial wear rates are assumed by several constitutive equations and each trial wear rate is integrated along time to yield the total accumulated wear under a selected single cornering condition. The trial constitutive equations are defined by independently varying each exponent of slip velocity and tangential stress. The integrated results are compared with the indoor test results, and the best matching constitutive equation for wear is selected for the following wear simulation of two other patterns under actual driving conditions. Tens of thousands of driving conditions of a tire are categorized into a small number of simplified conditions by a suggested simplification procedure which considers the driving condition frequency and weighting function. Both of these simplified conditions and the original actual conditions are tested on the indoor drum test machines. The two results can be regarded to be in good agreement if the deviation that exists in the data is mainly due to the difference in the test velocity. Therefore, the simplification procedure is justified. By applying the selected wear rate equation and the simplified driving conditions to the explicit FEM simulation, the simulated wear results for the two patterns show good match with the actual indoor wear results.

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Ko, Tae Jo, and Dong Woo Cho. "Tool Wear Monitoring in Diamond Turning by Fuzzy Pattern Recognition." Journal of Engineering for Industry 116, no. 2 (1994): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901934.

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This paper introduces a fuzzy pattern recognition technique for monitoring single crystal diamond tool wear in the ultraprecision machining process. Selected features by which to partition the cluster of patterns were obtained by time series AR modeling of dynamic cutting force signals. The wear on a diamond tool edge appears to be classifiable into two types, micro-chipping and gradual, both very small compared to conventional tool wear. In this regard, we used a fuzzy technique in pattern recognition, which considers the ambiguity in classification as well as the weakness of the cutting force variation, to monitor the diamond tool wear status, with satisfactory results.

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Lohr, Cheryl A., Tammy Esmaili, Harriet Mills, and Roberta Bencini. "Estimating the age structure of a population of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) by comparing tooth wear and cementum lines." Australian Mammalogy 33, no. 1 (2011): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am10054.

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We used cementum lines from a sample of possums to calibrate tooth wear patterns in free-ranging common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) to estimate of the age structure of a wild population of the species living at the Perth Zoo, Western Australia. We assessed patterns of tooth wear and incremental cementum lines in teeth extracted from 40 possums via necropsy. Rank regression for non-parametric data revealed a weak relationship between the number of cementum lines per tooth (y), which was assumed to correspond to the age of the possums (in years), and tooth wear (males: age = 0.51x + 3.4, r2 = 0.098, n = 27; females: age = 1.17x + 0.35, r2 = 0.345, n = 45). We used these relationships and the tooth wear pattern of 149 live possums caught at Perth Zoo to develop an estimate of the age structure of the population. Most (63.1%) possums were between 4 and 6 years of age. Very few young (1–2 years) or old (6–8 years) possums were caught at Perth Zoo. These results yielded an approximate age distribution for possums within Perth Zoo and should be used with caution because the relationship between the number of cementum lines and tooth wear was weak.

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Hoffmann, N. P., and U. Stolz. "On transient growth of wear pattern properties." Wear 268, no. 7-8 (2010): 886–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2009.12.030.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Wear pattern"

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Pendergast, Megan. "Environmental effects on nano-wear of gold and KBr single crystal." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002306.

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Varadarajan, Bhadri Narayanan. "MICROMECHANICS OF DEBOND GROWTH AND INTERFACIAL WEAR UNDER FATIGUE LOADING IN A TRANSPARENT CERAMIC COMPOSITE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin975352464.

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Binsaeid, Sultan Hassan. "Multisensor Fusion for Intelligent Tool Condition Monitoring (TCM) in End Milling Through Pattern Classification and Multiclass Machine Learning." Scholarly Repository, 2007. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/7.

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In a fully automated manufacturing environment, instant detection of condition state of the cutting tool is essential to the improvement of productivity and cost effectiveness. In this paper, a tool condition monitoring system (TCM) via machine learning (ML) and machine ensemble (ME) approach was developed to investigate the effectiveness of multisensor fusion when machining 4340 steel with multi-layer coated and multi-flute carbide end mill cutter. Feature- and decision-level information fusion models utilizing assorted combinations of sensors were studied against selected ML algorithms and their majority vote ensemble to classify gradual and transient tool abnormalities. The criterion for selecting the best model does not only depend on classification accuracy but also on the simplicity of the implemented system where the number of features and sensors is kept to a minimum to enhance the efficiency of the online acquisition system. In this study, 135 different features were extracted from sensory signals of force, vibration, acoustic emission and spindle power in the time and frequency domain by using data acquisition and signal processing modules. Then, these features along with machining parameters were evaluated for significance by using different feature reduction techniques. Specifically, two feature extraction methods were investigated: independent component analysis (ICA), and principal component analysis (PCA) and two feature selection methods were studied, chi square and correlation-based feature selection (CFS). For various multi-sensor fusion models, an optimal feature subset is computed. Finally, ML algorithms using support vector machine (SVM), multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLP), radial basis function neural network (RBF) and their majority voting ensemble were studied for selected features to classify not only flank wear but also breakage and chipping. In this research, it has been found that utilizing the multisensor feature fusion technique under majority vote ensemble gives the highest classification performance. In addition, SVM outperformed other ML algorithms while CFS feature selection method surpassed other reduction techniques in improving classification performance and producing optimal feature sets for different models.

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Likouris, Arianna P. "Aphosiosi." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1494198472667557.

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Dalstam, Anna. "Better fashion for a better future : Exploring geometrical pattern-making in relation to trend based ready-to-wear garments, with a focus on no fabric waste." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-25178.

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This study examines how to make trend fashion based ready-to-wear apparels with no fabric waste in the cutting phase through geometric pattern-making. To work with sustainability through geometrical pattern-making in construction, within the context of commercial fashion. The fashion industry is one of the world's top polluters. Several million tonnes of textile ends up in landfills all over the world every year, landfills are overwhelmed and that has a great impact on the environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the method of geometric pattern making can have a commercial value in sustainability. How it can bring benefits within fashion design to become more sustainable, and thus help tackle issues in relation to fabric waste in garment production. Significantly, the project discusses if there can be a way of making commercial clothes more sustainable through geometric pattern-making so no fabric is wasted when it is being cut. The work proposes potential solutions and expressions through this chosen methodology.

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Lännevall, Joel. "Operation dependent costs of non-optimal hydropower production : Effects on the operational pattern of the Small Lule River." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-294867.

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In the present electrical market there is an increasing penetration of intermittent energy sources. Several studies have examined its effect on the planning of hydropower operation and the conclusion is that an increasing intermittent production is likely to result in a more variable hydropower operation, utilising a wider span of operational set points. The wear of a hydropower unit is generally at a minimum when operated close to best efficiency and increases when operating at higher or lower set points. This study introduces a method to calculate an operation dependent cost (ODC) function for an arbitrary hydropower unit or unit combination based on vibration measurements and operational data. The method is tested in a case study where an ODC is implemented in Akkats, located in the Small Lule River in order to evaluate its effect on operational pattern, profitability and balancing contribution. The results show that the implemented ODC mainly affects Akkats. For an increasing ODC, Akkats is operated closer to the best point of efficiency and the operational pattern gets less variable and the effect gets more apparent the lower the spot price. Akkats ability to follow the spot price is reduced, decreasing the earning per produced energy with a few percentages. Akkats balancing contribution decreases significantly more, due to a less variable operational pattern. The study compares the reduced ODC to the reduced spot income and concludes that the wear cost in Akkats has to be above 1,21 €/MWh in order to be economically feasible to include in the planning. The operational pattern for the simulated river is close to unchanged at highest price hours but during lower price hours an increasing ODC results in an increased production, due to an increasing mean flow and changed operational pattern in Akkats. More production during low prices hours results in a decreasing profitability for all plants along the river. The balancing contribution is close to unchanged in all plants except Akkats, since the production still follows the same pattern.

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Taylor, Matthew H. "Defining a Model for Tool Consumption Rate on Asphalt Reclamation Machines." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1293.

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Asphalt and concrete reclamation machines are used to cut roadways when a repair is required. The performance of these machines can affect the quality of road repairs, and cost/profitability for both contractors and governments. We believe that several performance characteristics in reclamation machines are governed by the placement and pattern of cutting picks on the cutter head. Previous studies, focused on mining and excavation applications, have shown strong correlation between placement and wear. The following study employs a screening experiment (observational study) to find significant contributors to tool wear, in applications of asphalt milling or reclamation. We have found that picks fail by two primary modes: tip breakage, and body abrasive wear. Results indicate that the circumferential spacing of a bit, relative to neighboring bits, has the strongest effect on tip breakage. We have also shown that bit skew angle has a large positive effect on body abrasive wear.

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Genin-Blanchard, Elodie. "Etude des mécanismes élémentaires d'usure des élastomères chargés réticulés." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECDL0042.

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L'usure des élastomères chargés réticulés génère souvent des faciès à rides, que l'on peut voir notamment sur les pneumatiques dans certaines conditions d’utilisation. Le but de cette étude est d’étudier ces rides, reproduites en laboratoire au moyen d'un tribomètre spécifique, afin d'en expliquer le mécanisme de formation. Des grandeurs telles que la perte de masse, le coefficient de frottement, la rugosité et les propriétés mécaniques de surface sont analysées. L'apparition d'un tel faciès est reliée à des aspects de vibrations dans le contact et de champ de contraintes de traction à l'arrière du contact. Les rides obtenues présentent parfois des languettes plus ou moins enroulées et évoluent vers des débris d'usure en forme de rouleaux. Ce faciès à rides s'estompe ensuite au cours de l'essai tribologique pour disparaître lorsque la distance glissée devient grande. Une approche énergétique permet de souligner les couplages existant entre les différentes propriétés du matériau, le frottement, le faciès et l'usure<br>The wear of filled rubber compounds often produces a ridge pattern which can be seen on tyres in certain driving conditions. The goal of this work is to study the ridges obtained in laboratory experiments on a specific tribometer and explain the mechanism of their formation. Parameters such as friction coefficient, loss of weight, rugosity and surface mechanical properties have been studied. The origin of this pattern is linked to contact vibrations and tensile stress field at the rear of the contact. The upper part of the ridges sometimes presents tongs which can be rolled and the ridges lead to roll shaped wear debris. The pattern then fades during the next part of the tribological test and disappears when the sliding distance becomes high. An energetical approach leads to emphasize the links between material properties, friction, pattern and wear

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Melzacka, Wiktoria Anna, and Ning Jiang. "Måttlistans påverkan på passform : En undersökning av sambandet mellan mått och passform på overall för barn." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26572.

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Studien görs i samarbete med ett företag som jobbar med bl a. barnoveraller. Företaget gör ingen egen mönsterkonstruktion, utan köper denna tjänst av leverantören. Materialet leverantören får av företaget är en måttlista, men när olika leverantörer sytt upp prover åt dem har de fått varierande passform, trots att overallerna hållit samma mått. Författarna har därför jobbat på ett sätt att systematisera måttlistan för att kunna reproducera den aktuella passformen. Detta har gjorts genom att försöka återskapa företagets overall med hjälp av måttlistan och därefter utvärderat vad som skulle göra måttlistan mer tydlig och praktisk för leverantörerna. Utvecklingen av måttlistan har innefattat namn på mått, måttordning, samt skiss och placering av mått. Avgörande faktorer för passformen på barnoverallen har visat sig vara luvan, måttet axel till gren, midjeresår, knävidd och stussens position. En slutlig måttlista har tagits fram som ett förslag på ett sätt för företag utan egen mönsterkonstruktion att systematisera passformen.<br>The study is being conducted in collaboration with a company that works with, among other things, children's overalls. The company does not make its own pattern design, but buys this service from the supplier. The material the supplier receives from the company is a measurement chart. However when different suppliers have sewn samples for them, they have been of varying fit, despite the fact that the overalls have kept the same dimensions. The authors have therefore worked to systematize the measurement chart in order to be able to reproduce the current fit. This has been done by trying to recreate the company's overalls using the measurement chart and then evaluating what would make the measurement chart clearer and more practical for the suppliers. The development of the measurement chart has included names of measurements, measurement order, and sketch and placement of measurements. Key factors for the fit of the children's overalls have proven to be the hood, shoulder to crotch, waist elastic, knee width and the placement of the seat. A final measurement chart has been developed as a proposal to help companies who prefer full package production.

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Cruwys, Elizabeth. "Tooth wear patterns in modern human populations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272343.

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Books on the topic "Wear pattern"

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Metric pattern cutting for women's wear. 5th ed. Blackwell Pub., 2008.

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Metric pattern cutting for children's wear: From 2 -14 years. BSP Professional Books, 1987.

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Aldrich, Winifred. Metric pattern cutting for children's wear: From 2-14 years. 2nd ed. BSP Professional Books, 1991.

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Aldrich, Winifred. Metric pattern cutting for children's wear: From 2-14 years. Collins, 1985.

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Metric pattern cutting for children's wear and babywear: From birth to 14 years. 4th ed. Blackwell Pub., 2009.

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Sippel, Diana Lynn. Rainbow wear for baby. American School of Needlework, 2004.

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Marquart, Doreen L. Saturday style casual knits for weekend wear. Martingale & Company, 2010.

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Marquart, Doreen L. Saturday style: Casual knits for weekend wear. Martingale & Co., 2010.

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Richards, Thomas H. Microwear patterns on experimental basalt tools. B.A.R., 1988.

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Needlework, American School of. Wear America in cross stitch with waste canvas. American School of Needlework, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Wear pattern"

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Diez, Alberto, and Alberto Carrascal. "A Multiclassifier Approach for Drill Wear Prediction." In Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31537-4_48.

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Küsel, Michael, and Eberhard Brommundt. "Wavy Wear Pattern on the Tread of Railway Wheels." In System Dynamics and Long-Term Behaviour of Railway Vehicles, Track and Subgrade. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45476-2_8.

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Zawada-Tomkiewicz, Anna, and Dariusz Tomkiewicz. "Assessment of Tool Wear Intensity Based on the Frequency Pattern." In Innovations Induced by Research in Technical Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37566-9_4.

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Dalferth, Jasmin, Sven Winkelmann, and Friedhelm Schwenker. "Using Mask R-CNN for Image-Based Wear Classification of Solid Carbide Milling and Drilling Tools." In Artificial Neural Networks in Pattern Recognition. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58309-5_18.

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Liu, Jianxiu, Yongjun Liu, Minxin Zheng, and Xiangke Ning. "Research on the Wear-Resisting Material Produced by Vacuum Evaporation Pattern Casting." In Advanced Tribology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03653-8_138.

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Sapkal, S. U., I. C. Patil, and S. K. Darekar. "Dimensional Variation and Wear Analysis of 3D Printed Pattern for Sand Casting." In Proceedings of International Conference in Mechanical and Energy Technology. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2647-3_41.

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Hale, Robert C., Meredith E. Seeley, Ashley E. King, and Lehuan H. Yu. "Analytical Chemistry of Plastic Debris: Sampling, Methods, and Instrumentation." In Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78627-4_2.

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AbstractApproaches for the collection and analysis of plastic debris in environmental matrices are rapidly evolving. Such plastics span a continuum of sizes, encompassing large (macro-), medium (micro-, typically defined as particles between 1 μm and 5 mm), and smaller (nano-) plastics. All are of environmental relevance. Particle sizes are dynamic. Large plastics may fragment over time, while smaller particles may agglomerate in the field. The diverse morphologies (fragment, fiber, sphere) and chemical compositions of microplastics further complicate their characterization. Fibers are of growing interest and present particular analytical challenges due to their narrow profiles. Compositional classes of emerging concern include tire wear, paint chips, semisynthetics (e.g., rayon), and bioplastics. Plastics commonly contain chemical additives and fillers, which may alter their toxicological potency, behavior (e.g., buoyancy), or detector response (e.g., yield fluorescence) during analysis. Field sampling methods often focus on >20 μm and even >300 μm sized particles and will thus not capture smaller microplastics (which may be most abundant and bioavailable). Analysis of a limited subgroup (selected polymer types, particle sizes, or shapes) of microplastics, while often operationally necessary, can result in an underestimation of actual sample content. These shortcomings complicate calls for toxicological studies of microplastics to be based on “environmentally relevant concentrations.” Sample matrices of interest include water (including wastewater, ice, snow), sediment (soil, dust, wastewater sludge), air, and biota. Properties of the environment, and of the particles themselves, may concentrate plastic debris in select zones (e.g., gyres, shorelines, polar ice, wastewater sludge). Sampling designs should consider such patchy distributions. Episodic releases due to weather and anthropogenic discharges should also be considered. While water grab samples and sieving are commonplace, novel techniques for microplastic isolation, such as continuous flow centrifugation, show promise. The abundance of nonplastic particulates (e.g., clay, detritus, biological material) in samples interferes with microplastic detection and characterization. Their removal is typically accomplished using a combination of gravity separation and oxidative digestion (including strong bases, peroxide, enzymes); unfortunately, aggressive treatments may damage more labile plastics. Microscope-based infrared or Raman detection is often applied to provide polymer chemistry and morphological data for individual microplastic particles. However, the sheer number of particles in many samples presents logistical hurdles. In response, instruments have been developed that employ detector arrays and rapid scanning lasers. The addition of dyes to stain particulates may facilitate spectroscopic detection of some polymer types. Most researchers provide microplastic data in the form of the abundances of polymer types within particle size, polymer, and morphology classes. Polymer mass data in samples remain rare but are essential to elucidating fate. Rather than characterizing individual particles in samples, solvent extraction (following initial sample prep, such as sediment size class sorting), combined with techniques such as thermoanalysis (e.g., pyrolysis), has been used to generate microplastic mass data. However, this may obviate the acquisition of individual particle morphology and compositional information. Alternatively, some techniques (e.g., electron and atomic force microscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry) are adept at providing highly detailed data on the size, morphology, composition, and surface chemistry of select particles. Ultimately, the analyst must select the approach best suited for their study goals. Robust quality control elements are also critical to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the sampling and analysis techniques. Further, improved efforts are required to assess and control possible sample contamination due to the ubiquitous distribution of microplastics, especially in indoor environments where samples are processed.

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Ferragina, Paolo. "On the Weak Prefix-Search Problem." In Combinatorial Pattern Matching. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21458-5_23.

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Fraenkel, Aviezri S., Jamie Simpson, and Mike Paterson. "On weak circular squares in binary words." In Combinatorial Pattern Matching. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63220-4_51.

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Allauzen, Cyril, Maxime Crochemore, and Mathieu Raffinot. "Efficient Experimental String Matching by Weak Factor Recognition*." In Combinatorial Pattern Matching. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48194-x_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Wear pattern"

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Jing Kang, Ni Kang, Chang-jian Feng, and Hong-ying Hu. "Pattern recognition of tool wear and failure prediction." In 2008 7th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2008.4592851.

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Olortegui-Yume, Jorge A., Moon-Chul Yoon, and Patrick Y. Kwon. "Crater Wear Patterns and Evolution on Multi-Layer Coated Carbides Using the Wavelet Transform." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72402.

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The crater topography of wear patterns on a series of multi-layer coated tools after machining for a series of machining times has been measured using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Stylus Profilometry in order to study the crater wear patterns and their evolution. The crater profile and raw patterns were processed using multi-resolution 1D and 2D wavelet analysis to eliminate noise, spike/pits and then to decouple the large/short scale wear features in order to examine the development and history of crater wear accurately. The wavelet method proved to be very powerful to extract the meso-scale crater wear pattern free of noise/artifacts without losing the general crater pattern. Microscale details were successfully identified which indicates a great potential for the local analysis of wear mechanisms.

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Nosonovsky, Michael, and Vahid Mortazavi. "Pattern Formation During Frictional Mechanical Contact." In STLE/ASME 2010 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2010-41219.

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Friction and wear are usually viewed as irreversible processes, which lead to energy dissipation (friction) and material deterioration (wear). On the other hand, it is known that under certain circumstances frictional sliding can provide mechanisms for the spatial and temporal pattern-formation (self-organization). We discuss the contact mechanics aspects of the pattern-formation and suggest quantitative metrics and criteria for this effect including the stability criteria for the transition from the steady-state sliding to pattern-formation.

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Parekh, Viral, Karimulla Shaik, Soma Biswas, and Muthusamy Chelliah. "Fine-Grained Visual Attribute Extraction from Fashion Wear." In 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw53098.2021.00447.

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Copot, C., S. Syafiie, S. Vargas, R. de Keyser, L. Van Langenhove, and C. Lazar. "Carpet wear classification based on support vector machine pattern recognition approach." In 2009 IEEE 5th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccp.2009.5284769.

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Slavicˇ, Janko, and Miha Boltezˇar. "The Development of a Surface Waviness Pattern During Brake-Like Applications." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24969.

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Dynamical systems with contacts are often exposed to wear even under small loads. The wear develops at the micro, macro or global level and changes the contact shape. This changed contact shape alters the dynamics of the system and can further increase the wear. This research presents a numerical investigation of the interaction between the wear at the contacts and the dynamics. The research involves a dynamical model normally used in the research of car-brake dynamics and simulates the run-in wear of the brake pad and the development of waviness on disc. Special attention is given to the real roughness of the contacting surfaces and to on exact numerical simulation; because concurrent contacts between rough asperities occur, a specifically developed multibody dynamics approach is presented. This research shows that after the run-in period a concave pad produces a waviness pattern on the disc. Using a spectral analysis of the disc’s surface it is possible to show the effect of the wear particle-size and the pad-width on the surface waviness.

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Srinidhi, S., Mayank Tiwari, Rajni Burra, Hombe Gowda, and Paul A. Siemers. "Bearing Wear Due to Mechanical Stresses and Electrical Currents." In ASME/STLE 2009 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2009-15255.

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Passage of current through moving conductive contacts results in electrical discharge and then melting of the material, which leads to wear. Such kind of bearing wear is common in electrical machines. There are however certain patterns which are unique to this kind wear. This wear pattern is called ‘fluting’, which are repetitive in nature. Electrical discharge can create higher surface roughness. Also the thermal and rheological properties of the lubricant play a big role in the film thickness formation. The passage of current through the lubricant also changes this and is determined by the electrical properties of the lubricant. In this work effect of bearing currents on a 7204 angular contact ball bearing is studied. This is tested with and without different cage materials with an axial load and no radial load, rotating at 2700 rpm. Four experiments were done at different-level of voltage, lube and cage material. Type of lubricant was seen to play a significant role in fluting.

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Liu, Juan, Hongyuan Xu, Longhao Qi, and He Li. "Study on Erosive Wear and Novel Wear-Resistant Materials for Centrifugal Slurry Pumps." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56248.

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The erosive wear of the impellers and liner of centrifugal slurry pumps was investigated. The eroded material surfaces of different parts in impellers and liner have been studied by using scanning electron microscopic (SEM). The examination shows that the eroded surface pattern and eroded degree of different parts in slurry pump are different. The microstructure SEM analysis provides insights into the erosive wear mechanisms in pumps. The material removal processes include chipping out of lateral cracks caused by impact of the erodent particles, grain boundary cracking and grain pull out, as well as plastic deformation caused by the repeated sliding and impact of the particles. A new kind of anti-erosive wear material- Al2O3 engineering ceramic has been made. Engineering ceramics have a high application potential for wear-protection of different working parts used for slurry pumps and mineral industries. Measurements of the erosive wear of various materials used in centrifugal slurry pumps have been studied in a simple slurry pot tester in aqueous slurry of silicon carbide grits. Effects of varying the size distribution and volume content of erodent particle are investigated.

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Banazadeh-Neishabouri, Nafiseh, and Siamack A. Shirazi. "Erosive Wear Behavior of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Composite and Polyethylene." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5537.

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Abstract Effects of particle velocity, impact angle and particle size and shape on erosive behavior of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) and Polyethylene were investigated. Experiments were carried out with two particle velocities (18 and 32 m/s) and different impact angles ranging from 15 to 90 degrees. Silica sands with sizes of 75, 150 and 300 μm was utilized as erodent to study effects of sand shape and size. Results revealed erosion data of FRP and Polyethylene are similar to ductile materials as they display maximum erosion ratio at 30 degrees impact angle. However, Polyethylene showed an interesting behavior at 75 and 90 degrees; sand particles were embedded into the specimen and mass gain of specimen has been observed. 3D scan of wear patterns of specimens was obtained by 3D profilometer in order to evaluate the erosion depth and wear pattern of the surface.

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Borgstede, Laura L., Thorsten Schwenke, Thomas P. Andriacchi, and Markus A. Wimmer. "The Influence of Sliding Velocity on Wear of Total Knee Arthroplasties." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59866.

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Polyethylene wear remains a major cause of aseptic loosening and subsequent revision of total knee arthroplasties (TKA). During implant development and evaluation, simulator wear tests provide valuable information on material and design performance of TKA but have not yet replicated the wear patterns seen in vivo. Recent studies indicate that the combination of contact forces, sliding velocity, and distance, impacts the wear outcome [1, 2]. However, the detailed role of sliding velocity between condyle and tibial plateau, in combination with axial loading, remained unresolved. We hypothesize that implant wear can be strongly correlated with the so-called FV-factor, the product of applied axial force and sliding velocity of the condyle on its tibial counterpart. The aim of this study was to look at wear pattern formation and overall volumetric material loss versus varying FV-factors.

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Reports on the topic "Wear pattern"

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Lee, Y. Tina. Extensions of the prototype application protocol of ready-to-wear apparel pattern making. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5727.

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Manasse, R. The detection of weak signal patterns in radar ocean intensity images. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/279551.

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Singh, Aarti. Resource-constrained Data Collection and Fusion for Identifying Weak Distributed Patterns in Networks. Defense Technical Information Center, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada591821.

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Steel, Anna, Bertrand Lemasson, David Smith, and Joshua Israel. Two-dimensional movement patterns of juvenile winter-run and late-fall-run Chinook salmon at the Fremont Weir, Sacramento River, CA. Environmental Laboratory (U.S.), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/22766.

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Everest, Grace, Louise Marshall, Caroline Fraser, and Adam Briggs. Addressing the leading risk factors for ill health. The Health Foundation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37829/hf-2022-p10.

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Smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity and harmful alcohol use are leading risk factors driving the UK’s high burden of preventable ill health and premature mortality. All are socioeconomically patterned and contribute significantly to widening health inequalities. This Health Foundation report summarises recent trends for each of these risk factors and looks at national-level policies for England, introduced or proposed by the UK government between 2016 and 2021. The report reviews the government’s approach and finds a heavy reliance on policies aimed at changing individual behaviour and an uneven approach across risk factors, with particularly weak action on alcohol. The report also identifies that decision making across departments has been disjointed, undermining health improvement targets.

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Tarif, Kheira. Climate Change and Violent Conflict in West Africa: Assessing the Evidence. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/vhiy5372.

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West Africa is widely cited as a hotspot of climate change and insecurity. This SIPRI Insights uses a systematic literature review of academic research to build a better understanding of the relationship between climate change and violent conflict in the region. Its findings are structured around four established ‘pathways’ of climate insecurity: (a) worsening livelihood conditions; (b) increasing migration and changing pastoral mobility patterns; (c) tactical considerations by armed groups; and (d) elite exploitation of local grievances. The literature review highlights a number of important variables in the relationship between climate change and violent conflict in West Africa: maladaptation to livelihood insecurity; migration away from climate-exposed areas; escalating farmer–herder conflicts; and sometimes weak, sometimes divisive, sometimes exploitative governance. Despite these findings, the literature review reveals current research and policy discussions on climate change and violent conflict in West Africa are informed by a very limited amount of academic research.

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Lind, Jeremy, Rachel Sabates-Wheeler, and Carolina Szyp. Cash and Livelihoods in Contexts of Conflict and Fragility: Implications for Social Assistance Programming. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.008.

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This paper examines the role of cash-plus programming (including graduation) for livelihoods, income, protection, and health outcomes in contexts of different conflict intensity. We assess the origins of cash-plus programming (including graduation) for livelihoods outcomes as it has developed in settings that are more peaceful and where social protection systems are stronger. The paper then considers fragile and conflict-affected settings (FCAS), where social protection systems are often weak, and the threat of conflict-related violence undermines livelihoods as well as programming operations. We introduce a simple framework to understand programming contexts in FCAS, using both the strength of the social protection system as well as the intensity of conflict to identify four broad categories or landscapes for cash-plus programming. We use this framework to present the findings of a comprehensive review and analysis of 42 cash-plus programmes in 17 fragile and conflict-affected countries. This review maps key features in design and implementation of social and humanitarian cash assistance augmented by livelihood support across FCAS. There is significant variation, and few dominant patterns, in the objectives, coverage, duration, type of support, implementers, and impacts of programmes. This reflects the very different landscapes of conflict and systems of social assistance provisioning that exist across the countries covered in the review. Finally, we draw out lessons, questions, and challenges for programme design and implementation across different contexts and provide suggestions for future deeper research on these themes in the Better Assistance in Crises (BASIC) Research programme.

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Chejanovsky, Nor, Diana Cox-Foster, Victoria Soroker, and Ron Ophir. Honeybee modulation of infection with the Israeli acute paralysis virus, in asymptomatic, acutely infected and CCD colonies. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594392.bard.

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Honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony losses pose a severe risk to the food chain. The IAPV (Israeli acute paralysis virus) was correlated with CCD, a particular case of colony collapse. Honey bees severely infected with IAPV show shivering wings that progress to paralysis and subsequent death. Bee viruses, including IAPV, are widely present in honey bee colonies but often there are no pathological symptoms. Infestation of the beehive with Varroa mites or exposure to stress factors leads to significant increase in viral titers and fatal infections. We hypothesized that the honey bee is regulating/controlling IAPV and viral infections in asymptomatic infections and this control is broken through "stress" leading to acute infections and/or CCD. Our aims were: 1. To discover genetic changes in IAPV that may affect tissue tropism in the host, and/or virus infectivity and pathogenicity. 2. To elucidate mechanisms used by the host to regulate/ manage the IAPV-infection in vivo and in vitro. To achieve the above objectives we first studied stress-induced virus activation. Our data indicated that some pesticides, including myclobutanil, chlorothalonil and fluvalinate, result in amplified viral titers when bees are exposed at sub lethal levels by a single feeding. Analysis of the level of immune-related bee genes indicated that CCD-colonies exhibit altered and weaker immune responses than healthy colonies. Given the important role of viral RNA interference (RNAi) in combating viral infections we investigated if CCD-colonies were able to elicit this particular antiviral response. Deep-sequencing analysis of samples from CCD-colonies from US and Israel revealed high frequency of small interfering RNAs (siRNA) perfectly matching IAPV, Kashmir bee virus and Deformed wing virus genomes. Israeli colonies showed high titers of IAPV and a conserved RNAi pattern of targeting the viral genome .Our findings were further supported by analysis of samples from colonies experimentally infected with IAPV. Following for the first time the dynamics of IAPV infection in a group of CCD colonies that we rescued from collapse, we found that IAPV conserves its potential to act as one lethal, infectious factor and that its continuous replication in CCD colonies deeply affects their health and survival. Ours is the first report on the dominant role of IAPV in CCD-colonies outside from the US under natural conditions. We concluded that CCD-colonies do exhibit a regular siRNA response that is specific against predominant viruses associated with colony losses and other immune pathways may account for their weak immune response towards virus infection. Our findings: 1. Reveal that preventive measures should be taken by the beekeepers to avoid insecticide-based stress induction of viral infections as well as to manage CCD colonies as a source of highly infectious viruses such as IAPV. 2. Contribute to identify honey bee mechanisms involved in managing viral infections.

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A prototype application protocol for ready-to-wear pattern making. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5115.

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