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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Wearable wireless sensor'
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1
Lapinski, Michael Tomasz. "A wearable, wireless sensor system for sports medicine." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46581.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-139).
This thesis describes a compact, wireless, wearable system that measures, for purposes of biomechanical analysis, signals indicative of forces, torques and other descriptive and evaluative features that the human body undergoes during bursts of extreme physical activity (such as during athletic performance). Standard approaches leverage high speed camera systems, which need significant infrastructure and provide limited update rates and dynamic accuracy, to make these measurements. This project uses 6 degree-of-freedom inertial measurement units worn on various segments of an athlete's body to directly make these dynamic measurements. A combination of low and high G sensors enables sensitivity for slow and fast motion, and the addition of a compass helps in tracking joint angles. Data from the battery-powered nodes is acquired using a custom wireless protocol over an RF link. This data, along with rigorous calibration data, is processed on a PC, with an end product being precise angular velocities and accelerations that can be employed during biomechanical analysis to gain a better understanding of what occurs during activity. The focus of experimentation was baseball pitching and batting at the professional level. Several pitchers and batters were instrumented with the system and data was gathered during several pitches or swings. The data was analyzed, and the results of this analysis are presented in this thesis. The dynamic results are more precise than from other camera based systems and also offer the measurement of metrics that are not available from any other system, providing the opportunity for furthering sports medicine research. System performance and results are evaluated, and ideas for future work and system improvements are presented.
by Michael Tomasz Lapinski.
S.M.
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Liu, Congrui. "Wearable Fall Detection using Barometric Pressure Sensor." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-29968.
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Wearable wireless sensor devices, which are implemented by deploying sensor nodes on objects, are widely utilized in a broad field of applica-tions, especially in the healthcare system for improving the quality of life or monitoring different types of physical data from the observed objects. The aim of this study is to design an in-home, small-size and long-term wearable fall detection system in wireless network by using barometric pressure sensing for elderly or patient who needs healthcare monitoring. This threshold-based fall detection system is to measure the altitude of different positions on the human body, and detect the fall event from that altitude information. As a surveillance system, it would trigger an alert when the fall event occurs so that to protect people from the potential life risk by immediate rescue and treatment. After all the performances evaluation, the measurement result shows that standing, sitting and fall state was detected with 100% accuracy and lying on bed state was detected with 93.3% accuracy by using this wireless fall detection system. Furthermore, this system with low power consumption on battery-node can operate continuously up to 150 days.
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Strauss, Marc D. "HandWave : design and manufacture of a wearable wireless skin conductance sensor and housing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32944.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-49).
This thesis report details the design and manufacture of HandWave, a wearable wireless Bluetooth skin conductance sensor, and dedicated housing. The HandWave collects Electrodermal Activity (EDA) data by measuring skin conductance over a pair of electrodes. The EDA data signal is used to infer the excitement level of the subject. The injection-molded housing is affixed to the wrist of the subject, and the electrodes are positioned on the fingers and/or palm. The HandWave amplification board utilizes a PIC to sample the EDA signal level with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), control the gain of the amplification circuitry, and pass the data to a Bluetooth module. The Bluetooth module manages the wireless connection to a remote base-station and streams the EDA data over this link. Driver software on the base-station recomposes the EDA signal into standard units of conductance for display or further analysis.
by Marc D. Strauss.
S.B.
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Celik, Numan. "Wireless graphene-based electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor including multiple physiological measurement system." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15698.
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In this thesis, a novel graphene (GN) based electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor is designed, constructed and tested to validate the concept of coating GN, which is a highly electrically conductive material, on Ag substrates of conventional electrodes. The background theory, design, experiments and results for the proposed GN-based ECG sensor are also presented. Due to the attractive electrical and physical characteristics of graphene, a new ECG sensor was investigated by coating GN onto itself. The main focus of this project was to examine the effect of GN on ECG monitoring and to compare its performance with conventional methods. A thorough investigation into GN synthesis on Ag substrate was conducted, which was accompanied by extensive simulation and experimentation. A GN-enabled ECG electrode was characterised by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy along with electrical resistivity and conductivity measurements. The results obtained from the GN characteristic experimentation on Raman spectroscopy, detected a 2D peak in the GN-coated electrode, which was not observed with the conventional Ag/AgCl electrode. SEM characterisation also revealed that a GN coating smooths the surface of the electrode and hence, improves the skin-to-electrode contact. Furthermore, a comparison regarding the electrical conductivity calculation was made between the proposed GN-coated electrodes and conventional Ag/AgCl ones. The resistance values obtained were 212.4 Ω and 28.3 Ω for bare and GN-coated electrodes, respectively. That indicates that the electrical conductivity of GN-based electrodes is superior and hence, it is concluded that skin-electrode contact impedance can be lowered by their usage. Additional COMSOL simulation was carried out to observe the effect of an electrical field and surface charge density using GN-coated and conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes on a simplified human skin model. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the addition of electrical field and surface charge capabilities and hence, coating GN on Ag substrates was validated through this simulation. This novel ECG electrode was tested with various types of electrodes on ten different subjects in order to analyse the obtained ECG signals. The experimental results clearly showed that the proposed GN-based electrode exhibits the best performance in terms of ECG signal quality, detection of critical waves of ECG morphology (P-wave, QRS complex and T-wave), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with 27.0 dB and skin-electrode contact impedance (65.82 kΩ at 20 Hz) when compared to those obtained by conventional a Ag/AgCl electrode. Moreover, this proposed GN-based ECG sensor was integrated with core body temperature (CBT) sensor in an ear-based device, which was designed and printed using 3D technology. Subsequently, a finger clipped photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor was integrated with the two-sensors in an Arduino based data acquisition system, which was placed on the subject's arm to enable a wearable multiple physiological measurement system. The physiological information of ECG and CBT was obtained from the ear of the subject, whilst the PPG signal was acquired from the finger. Furthermore, this multiple physiological signal was wirelessly transmitted to the smartphone to achieve continuous and real-time monitoring of physiological signals (ECG, CBT and PPG) on a dedicated app developed using the Java programming language. The proposed system has plenty of room for performance improvement and future development will make it adaptabadaptable, hence being more convenient for the users to implement other applications than at present.
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Shaban, Heba Ahmed. "A Novel Highly Accurate Wireless Wearable Human Locomotion Tracking and Gait Analysis System via UWB Radios." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27562.
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Gait analysis is the systematic study of human walking. Clinical gait analysis is the process by which quantitative information is collected for the assessment and decision-making of any gait disorder. Although observational gait analysis is the therapistâ s primary clinical tool for describing the quality of a patientâ s walking pattern, it can be very unreliable. Modern gait analysis is facilitated through the use of specialized equipment. Currently, accurate gait analysis requires dedicated laboratories with complex settings and highly skilled operators. Wearable locomotion tracking systems are available, but they are not sufficiently accurate for clinical gait analysis. At the same time, wireless healthcare is evolving. Particularly, ultra wideband (UWB) is a promising technology that has the potential for accurate ranging and positioning in dense multi-path environments. Moreover, impulse-radio UWB (IR-UWB) is suitable for low-power and low-cost implementation, which makes it an attractive candidate for wearable, low-cost, and battery-powered health monitoring systems. The goal of this research is to propose and investigate a full-body wireless wearable human locomotion tracking system using UWB radios. Ultimately, the proposed system should be capable of distinguishing between normal and abnormal gait, making it suitable for accurate clinical gait analysis.Ph. D.
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Gaszczyk, Dariusz. "Wearable Assistant For Monitoring Solitary People." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14592.
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Master Thesis presents the system consisting of software and components of Arduinoplatform along with modules compatible with it, intended for use indoor. The device fulfils thefollowing requirements which are: to ensure privacy preservation, low energy consumptionand the wireless nature. This thesis reports the development of a prototype that would ensure step detection,posture detection, indoor localization, tumble detection and heart rate detection using themicrocontroller, AltIMU-10 v4 module, heart rate monitor, WiFi module and battery. Veryimportant part of the thesis is algorithm, which uses comparison function. Thanks to thewireless nature of a prototype, the system collects data regardless of an environment and sendthem directly to every device supported by Microsoft Windows platform, Linux platform orOS X platform, which are monitored by the supervisor, who takes care of the solitary person. The main contributions of the prototype are: indoor localization, identification andclassification of occurring situations and monitoring vital signs of the solitary person. To ensure indoor localization the prototype must collect data from accelerometer. Ofcourse data from AltIMU-10 v4 module in basic form are useless for the supervisor, so thealgorithm, using by the prototype, is programmed to processing and filtering it. Algorithm is also used to identification and classification occurring situations. Datafrom accelerometer are processed by it and compared with the created pattern. Monitoring vital signs of the solitary person are more complicated function, because itrequires not only data from accelerometer, but also from heart rate monitor. This sensor isusing to the analyzing condition of the patient when dangerous situation occurs.
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Moravec, Luboš. "Nositelná elektronika." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241150.
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This master’s thesis deals with the explanation of the concept of smart wearables and the different application possibilities. This work also includes examples of finished demonstration devices in this category. Part of this work is devoted to guide the selection of appropriate components for the design of new equipment in the category of smart wearable. The result of this thesis is designed wearable and charging station. This device is able to read user input and display that information on a smart device running under Android system connected via Bluetooth technology.
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Palacios, Sebastian R. "A smart wireless integrated module (SWIM) on organic substrates using inkjet printing technology." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51906.
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This thesis investigates inkjet printing of fully-integrated modules fabricated on organic substrates as a system-level solution for ultra-low-cost and eco-friendly mass production of wireless sensor modules. Prototypes are designed and implemented in both traditional FR-4 substrate and organic substrate. The prototype on organic substrate is referred to as a Smart Wireless Integrated Module (SWIM). Parallels are drawn between FR-4 manufacturing and inkjet printing technology, and recommendations are discussed to enable the potential of inkjet printing technology. Finally, this thesis presents novel applications of SWIM technology in the area of wearable and implantable electronics. Chapter 1 serves as an introduction to inkjet printing technology on organic substrates, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and the requirements for low-power consumption, low-cost, and eco-friendly technology. Chapter 2 discusses the design of SWIM and its implementation using traditional manufacturing techniques on FR-4 substrate. Chapter 3 presents a benchmark prototype of SWIM on paper substrate. Challenges in the manufacturing process are addressed, and solutions are proposed which suggest future areas of research in inkjet printing technology. Chapter 4 presents novel applications of SWIM technology in the areas of implantable and wearable electronics. Chapter 5 concludes the thesis by discussing the importance of this work in creating a bridge between current inkjet printing technology and its future.
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Ferreira, Gonzalez Javier. "Textile-enabled Bioimpedance Instrumentation for Personalised Health Monitoring Applications." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Medicinska sensorer, signaler och system (MSSS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-120373.
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A growing number of factors, including the costs, technological advancements, an ageing population, and medical errors are leading industrialised countries to invest in research on alternative solutions to improving their health care systems and increasing patients’ life quality. Personal Health System (PHS) solutions envision the use of information and communication technologies that enable a paradigm shift from the traditional hospital-centred healthcare delivery model toward a preventive and person-centred approach. PHS offers the means to follow patient health using wearable, portable or implantable systems that offer ubiquitous, unobtrusive bio-data acquisition, allowing remote access to patient status and treatment monitoring. Electrical Bioimpedance (EBI) technology is a non-invasive, quick and relatively affordable technique that can be used for assessing and monitoring different health conditions, e.g., body composition assessments for nutrition. EBI technology combined with state-of-the-art advances in sensor and textile technology are fostering the implementation of wearable bioimpedance monitors that use functional garments for the implementation of personalised healthcare applications. This research studies the development of a portable EBI spectrometer that can use dry textile electrodes for the assessment of body composition for the purposes of clinical uses. The portable bioimpedance monitor has been developed using the latest advances in system-on-chip technology for bioimpedance spectroscopy instrumentation. The obtained portable spectrometer has been validated against commercial spectrometer that performs total body composition assessment using functional textrode garments. The development of a portable Bioimpedance spectrometer using functional garments and dry textile electrodes for body composition assessment has been shown to be a feasible option. The availability of such measurement systems bring closer the real implementation of personalised healthcare systems.QC 20130405
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Lapinski, Michael Tomasz. "A platform for high-speed biomechanical analysis using wearable wireless sensors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91852.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2013.116
Page 276 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 263-275).
Humanity's desire to capture and understand motion started in 1878 and has continually evolved. Today, the best-of- breed technology for capturing motion are marker based optical systems that leverage high speed cameras. While these systems are excellent at providing positional information, they suffer from an innate inability to accurately provide fundamental parameters such as velocity and acceleration. The problem is further compounded when the target of capture is high-speed human motion. When applied to biomechanical study, this inaccuracy is magnified when higher order parameters, such as torque and force, are calculated using optical information. This dissertation presents a a first-of-its-kind wearable dual-range inertial sensor platform that allows end-to-end investigation of high level biomechanical parameters. The platform takes a novel approach by providing these parameters more accurately and at a higher fidelity than the current state of the art.The dual-range sensing approach allows accurate capture of both slow-moving motion and rapid movement which pushes the limits of human ability. The platform addresses inherent problems with scaling clinical biomechanical analysis to tens-of-thousands of trials using the sensor platform's data. This end-to-end approach provides mechanisms for rapid player instrumentation, en masse data translation and calculation of clinically relevant joint forces and torques. I present design details for this platform along with kinematic testing and some early biomechanical insight gleamed from system measurements.
by Michael T. Lapinski.
Ph. D.
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Early, Jared W. Early. "Business Opportunity Analysis of Wearable and Wireless Electromyography Sensors in Athletics." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1470652934.
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Sundaravadivel, Prabha. "Application-Specific Things Architectures for IoT-Based Smart Healthcare Solutions." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157532/.
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Human body is a complex system organized at different levels such as cells, tissues and organs, which contributes to 11 important organ systems. The functional efficiency of this complex system is evaluated as health. Traditional healthcare is unable to accommodate everyone's need due to the ever-increasing population and medical costs. With advancements in technology and medical research, traditional healthcare applications are shaping into smart healthcare solutions. Smart healthcare helps in continuously monitoring our body parameters, which helps in keeping people health-aware. It provides the ability for remote assistance, which helps in utilizing the available resources to maximum potential. The backbone of smart healthcare solutions is Internet of Things (IoT) which increases the computing capacity of the real-world components by using cloud-based solutions. The basic elements of these IoT based smart healthcare solutions are called "things." Things are simple sensors or actuators, which have the capacity to wirelessly connect with each other and to the internet. The research for this dissertation aims in developing architectures for these things, focusing on IoT-based smart healthcare solutions. The core for this dissertation is to contribute to the research in smart healthcare by identifying applications which can be monitored remotely. For this, application-specific thing architectures were proposed based on monitoring a specific body parameter; monitoring physical health for family and friends; and optimizing the power budget of IoT body sensor network using human body communications. The experimental results show promising scope towards improving the quality of life, through needle-less and cost-effective smart healthcare solutions.
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Zincarelli, Nicola. "Progetto e realizzazione di un sensore indossabile, passivo e wireless per l'identificazione di fluidi biologici." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17665/.
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Il presente progetto di tesi è stato dedicato alla progettazione di un sensore indossabile, passivo e wireless in grado di rilevare fluidi biologici a contatto con la pelle. Il sistema di sensing consiste in un filtro a microonde (nella banda di 2,45 GHz) progettato con la tecnologia delle linee accoppiate con terminazioni di circuito aperto in cui una delle terminazioni della sezione centrale è sostituita da uno stub aperto la cui risonanza stabilita proprio dal contenuto del canale micro-fluidico integrato nell stub.In questo modo il comportamento del filtro è strettamente legato al fluido contenuto nel canale e si avvicina a quello ideale solo alla frequenza di risonanza dello stub che include il canale micro-fluidico contenente il liquido in esame.
Uno dei punti chiave del lavoro è l’aver definito un modello circuitale equivalente del componente a microonde che include il canale: questo modello è stato ricavato da simulazioni EM per garantire una progettazione accurata ed efficiente dell’intero sistema.
Al fine di rendere il sistema indossabile e passivo è stata progettata un’antenna a banda stretta connessa alla porta d’ingresso del filtro, la quale è in grado di ricevere la potenza necessaria per il sensing dei diversi fluidi presenti nel canale.
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Winkley, Jonathan James. "Behaviour recognition and monitoring of the elderly using wearable wireless sensors : dynamic behaviour modelling and nonlinear classification methods and implementation." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5762.
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In partnership with iMonSys - an emerging company in the passive care field - a new system, 'Verity', is being developed to fulfil the role of a passive behaviour monitoring and alert detection device, providing an unobtrusive level of care and assessing an individual's changing behaviour and health status whilst still allowing for independence of its elderly user. In this research, a Hidden Markov Model incorporating Fuzzy Logic-based sensor fusion is created for the behaviour detection within Verity, with a method of Fuzzy-Rule induction designed for the system's adaptation to a user during operation. A dimension reduction and classification scheme utilising Curvilinear Distance Analysis is further developed to deal with the recognition task presented by increasingly nonlinear and high dimension sensor readings, and anomaly detection methods situated within the Hidden Markov Model provide possible solutions to identification of health concerns arising from independent living. Real-time implementation is proposed through development of an Instance Based Learning approach in combination with a Bloom Filter, speeding up the classification operation and reducing the storage requirements for the considerable amount of observation data obtained during operation. Finally, evaluation of all algorithms is completed using a simulation of the Verity system with which the behaviour monitoring task is to be achieved.
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Jeong, Seung Hee. "Soft Intelligence : Liquids Matter in Compliant Microsystems." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Mikrosystemteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-281281.
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Soft matter, here, liquids and polymers, have adaptability to a surrounding geometry. They intrinsically have advantageous characteristics from a mechanical perspective, such as flowing and wetting on surrounding surfaces, giving compliant, conformal and deformable behavior. From the behavior of soft matter for heterogeneous surfaces, compliant structures can be engineered as embedded liquid microstructures or patterned liquid microsystems for emerging compliant microsystems. Recently, skin electronics and soft robotics have been initiated as potential applications that can provide soft interfaces and interactions for a human-machine interface. To meet the design parameters, developing soft material engineering aimed at tuning material properties and smart processing techniques proper to them are to be highly encouraged. As promising candidates, Ga-based liquid alloys and silicone-based elastomers have been widely applied to proof-of-concept compliant structures. In this thesis, the liquid alloy was employed as a soft and stretchable electrical and thermal conductor (resistor), interconnect and filler in an elastomer structure. Printing-based liquid alloy patterning techniques have been developed with a batch-type, parallel processing scheme. As a simple solution, tape transfer masking was combined with a liquid alloy spraying technique, which provides robust processability. Silicone elastomers could be tunable for multi-functional building blocks by liquid or liquid-like soft solid inclusions. The liquid alloy and a polymer additive were introduced to the silicone elastomer by a simple mixing process. Heterogeneous material microstructures in elastomer networks successfully changed mechanical, thermal and surface properties. To realize a compliant microsystem, these ideas have in practice been useful in designing and fabricating soft and stretchable systems. Many different designs of the microsystems have been fabricated with the developed techniques and materials, and successfully evaluated under dynamic conditions. The compliant microsystems work as basic components to build up a whole system with soft materials and a processing technology for our emerging society.
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Sinclair, Melissa Ann. "Modeling and Design of Antennas for Loosely Coupled Links in Wireless Power Transfer Applications." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538705/.
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Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems are important in many areas, such as medical, communication, transportation, and consumer electronics. The underlying WPT system is comprised of a transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX). For biomedical applications, such systems can be implemented on rigid or flexible substrates and can be implanted or wearable. The efficiency of a WPT system is based on power transfer efficiency (PTE). Many WPT system optimization techniques have been explored to achieve the highest PTE possible. These are based on either a figure-of-merit (FOM) approach, quality factor (Q-factor) maximization, or by sweeping values for coil geometries. Four WPT systems for biomedical applications are implemented with inductive coupling. The thesis later presents an optimization technique for finding the maximum PTE of a range of frequencies and coil shapes through frequency, geometry and shape sweeping. Five optimized TX coil designs for different operating frequencies are fabricated for three shapes: square, hexagonal, and octagonal planar-spirals. The corresponding RX is implemented on polyimide tape with ink-jet-print (IJP) silver. At 80 MHz, the maximum measured PTE achieved is 2.781% at a 10 mm distance in the air for square planar-spiral coils.
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"Wireless Wearable Sensor to Characterize Respiratory Behaviors." Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.62938.
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abstract: Respiratory behavior provides effective information to characterize lung functionality, including respiratory rate, respiratory profile, and respiratory volume. Current methods have limited capabilities of continuous characterization of respiratory behavior and are primarily targeting the measurement of respiratory rate, which has relatively less value in clinical application. In this dissertation, a wireless wearable sensor on a paper substrate is developed to continuously characterize respiratory behavior and deliver clinically relevant parameters, contributing to asthma control. Based on the anatomical analysis and experimental results, the optimum site for the wireless wearable sensor is on the midway of the xiphoid process and the costal margin, corresponding to the abdomen-apposed rib cage. At the wearing site, the linear strain change during respiration is measured and converted to lung volume by the wireless wearable sensor utilizing a distance-elapsed ultrasound. An on-board low-power Bluetooth module transmits the temporal lung volume change to a smartphone, where a custom-programmed app computes to show the clinically relevant parameters, such as forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume delivered in the first second (FEV1) and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Enhanced by a simple, yet effective machine-learning algorithm, a system consisting of two wireless wearable sensors accurately extracts respiratory features and classifies the respiratory behavior within four postures among different subjects, demonstrating that the respiratory behaviors are individual- and posture-dependent contributing to monitoring the posture-related respiratory diseases. The continuous and accurate monitoring of respiratory behaviors can track the respiratory disorders and diseases' progression for timely and objective approaches for control and management.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2020
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Chiu, Hung-Chi, and 邱弘棋. "A Flexible Antenna for Wearable Wireless Sensor Nodes." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46455247614079160020.
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碩士元智大學
通訊工程學系
99
Due to the rapid development of the semiconductor and MEMS technology, the sizes of the mote and sensors of the wireless sensor networks (WSN) are reduced tremendously. Hence, continuous wireless monitoring of the human activity and health status, so called mobile health care, become much more feasible. For mobile health care, abbreviated as M-health, the sensor node is usually attached on the human body and that forces the planar antenna the better choice for the node. This thesis presents the antenna design based on the printed planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for a wearable wireless pulsation sensor node. The first antenna proposed is a dual-band modified PIFA for 866MHz (779MHz~928MHz) and 2.4GHz(2.4GHz~2.48GHz). This antenna is fabricated on a 29cm long strip with flexible FR-4 substrate and can be wore on the wrist. However, this antenna occupies an area with 13cm x 3.1cm and then an antenna with smaller size is proposed but only for 2.4GHz. The second antenna is implemented on a four-layer flexible PCB and the circuit effect on the antenna is measured. During the pulsation measurement, the sensor node is worn on the wrist and the antenna is basically adjacent to the skin with the distance of the thickness of the flexible PCB, about 0.3mm. In this case, the human tissues affect the performance of the antenna significantly, especially on the frequency detuning and the efficiency. Those effects result from the absorption of electromagnetic wave by the tissues inside the wrist. To reduce the wave into the wrist and have quasi in-phase reflected wave, an electromagnetic bandgap structure (EBG) is proposed and inserted between the antenna and skin. Satisfactory results on improving the working frequency and efficiency are observed and presented in this thesis. The EBG-based solution is then shown to be a feasible mean to have the wireless transmission of the pulsation sensor node work properly.
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Huang, Sheng-Chia, and 黃聖嘉. "Monitoring Manufactory ESD Risk Using Wearable Wireless Sensor Device." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53805330183813634323.
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碩士國立臺北大學
多媒體與網路科技產業碩士專班
103
As the precision requirements of manufacture process for electronic products and semiconductors become critical and strict, impropriate treatment of Electro Static Discharge (ESD) can cause more serious damage on sophisticated products. In order to avoid ESD damage, the manufacturers have to deploy effective ESD protection systems in their manufacturing environments. However, human error is very difficult to control for the production process protection. Although several rules and standard operation procedures have been set and the staffs have to follow and implement them strictly, the inadvertent carelessness can still cause significant losses. This paper presents two major contributions. First, this paper presents a Zigbee wireless ESD wearable device, including hardware and software implantations. To monitor ESD risks, a factory operator can wear the device for preventing ESD damages from the manufacturing product. Second, the Zigbee software in the device can locate the position of the operator wearing the device to ensure the operator staying in the safe area. In case of leaving the safe area, the device can notify this event for preventing ESD damages upon manufacturing products. Experiment results validate the operations of the device hardware, including wireless transmissions, ESD monitoring, and human safety testing. The software evaluations show the location of the operator wearing the device can be determining correctly nearby the pre-defined reference location in order to ensure the location is inside the safe area. Therefore, the proposed wireless ESD wearable device can fully satisfy the demands of ESD risk control.
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Bo-ShengWu and 吳栢昇. "A Wearable Wireless Body Sensor Network for Quantitative Evaluation of Stroke Patients." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4z4eps.
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碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系
102
This thesis presents a wearable inertial-sensing-based wireless human body sensor network system for quantitative evaluation of upper limb function in patients with stroke. The system consists of an upper limb body sensor network and a personal computer. We developed related algorithms and its user-friendly human-machine interface. An upper limb motion trajectory reconstruction algorithm had been established to estimate accurate velocities, trajectories, and orientations, in which a sensor fusion algorithm based on a quaternion-based unscented Kalman filter is utilized to minimize the cumulative errors of the inertial signals. We used an elbow range of motion (ROM) algorithm to measure the ROM of the elbow joint via the orientation angles of the upper arm and forearm. In order to differentiate the similarity of motions between unaffected and affected upper limbs of patients with stroke during task-specific training in rehabilitation, a dynamic time warping (DTW) method for comparison was adopted. The following conclusions can be drawn from our present experimental results. 1) We proved that the proposed system can be used anywhere without any external reference information and shows good concurrent validity and excellent intratester reliability. 2) The unscented Kalman filter-based sensor fusion algorithm can accurately estimate orientations, velocities, and trajectories of upper limbs in patients with stroke. 3) This system can measure elbow ROM and quantitate the motion similarity for both upper limbs in patients with stroke.
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chang, Yao-Kun, and 張耀坤. "The Study of Wireless Sensor Optimization Performance for Wearable NFC Smart Card." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2kb755.
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碩士景文科技大學
電子工程系電腦與通訊碩士班
104
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the manufacture of smart cards of ring by using HF13.56MHz RFID/NFC(RFID, Radio Frequency Identification System，NFC, Near Field Communication) which meet the international standards of ISO/IEC 14443-Type A(ISO, International Organization Standardization，IEC, International Electrontechnical Commission) and the characteristics of popularizing the smart cards, advantages of lower cost and easier producing. Nowadays, as to mobile payment in Taiwan, therer are easy co-brander cards and ipass besides smart cards. With so many mobile payment, it is possible for people to use confusly. Furthermore, they may have no idea they have lost these cards. Also, it’s not convenient and distracting for users to take out the mobile payment as a tool to pay their bills each time. Thus, the researcher explores that the smart cards of ring changed from present smart cards which have the characteristics of not being lost easily are not only convenient but also useful. Finally, this study will show that the error rate of standard smart cards and the smart cards of ring made from the coils and chips from smart cards is +-2.4%. Moreover, the present study is intended to probe the antennas in smart cards are shortened up to 80%.
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Alexandre, Ricardo José Farinha. "Wearable and IoT technologies application for physical rehabilitation." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/17829.
Full textAbstract:
This research consists in the development an IoT Physical Rehabilitation solution based
on wearable devices, combining a set of smart gloves and smart headband for use in
natural interactions with a set of VR therapeutic serious games developed on the Unity
3D gaming platform. The system permits to perform training sessions for hands and
fingers motor rehabilitation.
Data acquisition is performed by Arduino Nano Microcontroller computation platform
with ADC connected to the analog measurement channels materialized by piezo-resistive
force sensors and connected to an IMU module via I2C. Data communication is performed
using the Bluetooth wireless communication protocol. The smart headband, designed to
be used as a first- person-controller in game scenes, will be responsible for collecting the
patient's head rotation value, this parameter will be used as the player's avatar head
rotation value, approaching the user and the virtual environment in a semi-immersive
way.
The acquired data are stored and processed on a remote server, which will help the
physiotherapist to evaluate the patients' performance around the different physical
activities during a rehabilitation session, using a Mobile Application developed for the
configuration of games and visualization of results.
The use of serious games allows a patient with motor impairments to perform exercises
in a highly interactive and non-intrusive way, based on different scenarios of Virtual
Reality, contributing to increase the motivation during the rehabilitation process.
The system allows to perform an unlimited number of training sessions, making possible
to visualize historical values and compare the results of the different performed sessions,
for objective evolution of rehabilitation outcome. Some metrics associated with upper
limb exercises were also considered to characterize the patient’s movement during the
session.Este trabalho de pesquisa consiste no desenvolvimento de uma solução de Reabilitação Física IoT baseada em dispositivos de vestuário, combinando um conjunto de luvas inteligentes e uma fita-de-cabeça inteligente para utilização em interações naturais com um conjunto de jogos terapêuticos sérios de Realidade Virtual desenvolvidos na plataforma de jogos Unity 3D. O sistema permite realizar sessões de treino para reabilitação motora de mãos e dedos. A aquisição de dados é realizada pela plataforma de computação Arduino utilizando um Microcontrolador Nano com ADC (Conversor Analógico-Digital) conectado aos canais de medição analógicos materializados por sensores de força piezo-resistivos e a um módulo IMU por I2C. A comunicação de dados é realizada usando o protocolo de comunicação sem fio Bluetooth. A fita-de-cabeça inteligente, projetada para ser usada como controlador de primeira pessoa nos cenários de jogo, será responsável por coletar o valor de rotação da cabeça do paciente, esse parâmetro será usado como valor de rotação da cabeça do avatar do jogador, aproximando o utilizador e o ambiente virtual de forma semi-imersiva. Os dados adquiridos são armazenados e processados num servidor remoto, o que ajudará o fisioterapeuta a avaliar o desempenho dos pacientes em diferentes atividades físicas durante uma sessão de reabilitação, utilizando uma Aplicação Móvel desenvolvido para configuração de jogos e visualização de resultados. A utilização de jogos sérios permite que um paciente com deficiências motoras realize exercícios de forma altamente interativa e não intrusiva, com base em diferentes cenários de Realidade Virtual, contribuindo para aumentar a motivação durante o processo de reabilitação. O sistema permite realizar um número ilimitado de sessões de treinamento, possibilitando visualizar valores históricos e comparar os resultados das diferentes sessões realizadas, para a evolução objetiva do resultado da reabilitação. Algumas métricas associadas aos exercícios dos membros superiores também foram consideradas para caracterizar o movimento do paciente durante a sessão.
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Ferreira, Javier. "Modular textile-enabled bioimpedance system for personalized health monitoring applications." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-207135.
Full textAbstract:
A growing number of factors, including costs, technological advancements, ageing populations, and medical errors, are leading industrialized countries to invest in research on alternative solutions to improve their health-care systems and increase patients’ quality of life. Personal health systems (PHS) examplify the use of information and communication technologies that enable a paradigm shift from the traditional hospital-centered healthcare delivery model toward a preventive and person-centered approach. PHS offer the means to monitor a patient’s health using wearable, portable or implantable systems that offer ubiquitous, unobtrusive biodata acquisition, allowing remote monitoring of treatment and access to the patient’s status. Electrical bioimpedance (EBI) technology is non-invasive, quick and relatively affordable technique that can be used for assessing and monitoring different health conditions, e.g., body composition assessments for nutrition. When combined with state-of-the-art advances in sensors and textiles, EBI technologies are fostering the implementation of wearable bioimpedance monitors that use functional garments for personalized healthcare applications. This research work is focused on the development of wearable EBI-based monitoring systems for ubiquitous health monitoring applications. The monitoring systems are built upon portable monitoring instrumentation and custom-made textile electrode garments. Portable EBI-based monitors have been developed using the latest material technology and advances in system-on-chip technology. For instance, a portable EBI spectrometer has been validated against a commercial spectrometer for total body composition assessment using functional textile electrode garments. The development of wearable EBI-based monitoring units using functional garments and dry textile electrodes for body composition assessment and respiratory monitoring has been shown to be a feasible approach. The availability of these measurement systems indicates progress toward the real implementation of personalized healthcare systems.QC 20170517
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Lu, Chiung-En, and 呂穹恩. "A Fall Detection System using Wireless Wearable Sensors." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67311236970640828720.
Full textAbstract:
碩士樹德科技大學
資訊工程系碩士班
102
In this paper will combine tri-axis accelerometer and gyroscope sensor, and disposed in the body of the chest and right side waist, as a quick to judge fall accident, also analysis casualty falls on what direction, and help to understand its fall injuries. This study is based ZigBee environment to transmit wireless signals by the sampling rate of 620Hz, against human body to do fall forward, fall right, and fall left, implement the fall of 20 tests, according to SVM formula, with via human to analyze the tri-axis characteristic values of sensor, finally according to the way of equipartition threshold, obtained each feature axis threshold, the threshold as a parameter to judge the fall, can accurately determine the fall tri-axis direction. The experimental results showed: Forward fall angular velocity of the chest and right side waist, have a greater axial is -X axis and -Z axis, and acceleration is the-Z axis and -X axis. Right fall angular velocity of the chest and right side waist, have a greater axial is +Z axis and -X axis, and acceleration is the +X axis and -Z axis. Left fall angular velocity of the chest and right side waist, have a greater axial is -Z axis and +X axis, and acceleration is the -X axis and +Z axis. In this paper is proposed the features axis threshold judge of method, forward fall of chest and waist sensors, respectively achieve 75% and 100% accuracy; and the right fall of chest and waist sensors’ accuracy all are achieve 100%; left fall of chest and waist sensors, respectively achieve 100% and 65% accuracy. The chest and right side waist of the combined detection sensors, respectively were to judge to fall forward and right fall, are able to achieve 100% accuracy rate, while left fall there is a 95% accuracy rate. In this paper the proposed fall detection system, by wearable wireless sensors to judge the direction of fall, for fall events for the rescue, will provide fall direction information to help understand the impact of their injuries.
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Wang, Yong-Ting, and 王詠婷. "Real-Time Continuous Gesture Recognition with Wireless Wearable IMU Sensors." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6dw7eq.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
電機工程學系所
105
Gesture recognition is a wide topic in computer science and language technology with the goal of interpreting human gestures via mathematical algorithms. In this thesis, we we have recorded signals of ten kinds of hand movements into the computer using a wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) wireless device with six axes data (including the accelerometer and gyroscope). The sensor is worn on the wrist, and the raw data are transmitted to the computer via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to verify the captured data, a recognition system with machine learning classification process is built. Our movements can be divided into two categories, with the first being single gestures, which includes ten basic movements, and the second the continuous combinational gestures, which is com- posed of the previous ten basic movements through different combinations. In order to achieve higher recognition accuracy, we used machine learning process in the system and two analyses, principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), to extract well distinguished features. The main advantage of PCA and LDA is reducing dimensions of data while preserving as much of the class discriminatory information as possible. In addition, later processing time can be decreased due to reduced dimensions of data. The experiment is then proceeded with support vector machine (SVM) and dynamic time warping (DTW). With SVM technique, we can recognize movement with higher accuracy and less computation time. High dimension data are also supported. Even non-linear relations can be modeled with more precise classication due to SVM kernels. Dynamic time warping increases recognition accuracy by categorizing movements through the measurement of the resemblance among several temporal sequences which may alter in speed. In our experiment, we can get the accuracy of recognition at 100% for 10 classes with 40 subjects in single gesture under the case of user-dependent, and for the user-independent case, the recognition rate is 90%. And in continuous combinational gesture for the user-independent case, we can get the accuracy of recognition at 86.99% in fixed combinational gesture, and 60% in arbitrary combinational gesture. We have also overcame one of restrictions of the support vector machine, instead of running the algorithm off-line after all the data are measured, the algorithm can be held during the process of measurement, which greatly shortened the predict time from 2.118 seconds to 0.195 seconds, enhancing the efficiency of the application.
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Lee, Chin-Yao, and 李景堯. "The study of a STROKE-GUARDIAN with wireless wearable multiple physiological sensors." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9xn6h4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
電資碩士班
98
Stroke not only influence patient himself, this will indeed reduces the life quality of the patient’s family. How to lower the probability of patients'' worsening conditions and to promote the better quality of the patient’s family are our major subjects of this study. We propose the “STROKE-GUARDIAN Rehabilitation Device” mechanism, which is to integrate the wireless sensor network (WSN) and wearable multiple physiological sensors and then apply to the stroke rehabilitation. “GUARDIAN” can automatically record the bio-information of the stroke’s daily life such that our system can send out the alarm information to those care persons when there is an abnormal condition. Hence, those medical care persons can make the proper response for lowering the probability of patients'' worsening conditions. Moreover, the patients'' member can understand and monitor the stroke’s newest information by the tele-care to make the proper action such that they can promote their life quality. In our system, the wearable electrodes can be employed to detect the ECG and heart rate from the stroke. Then, the temperature and respiration sensor can be sewed within the wearable vita-bent and then detect the body temperature and the amount of respiration, respectively. Finally, the accelerometer sensor and gyroscope sensor within our system can detect correctly whether the stroke falls down or not. All bio-information of the stroke’ daily life can be transmitted to the data collector by WSN, and then the authorized users can show all information by their browser with the graphic interface.
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Kiran, Neev. "SkinnySensor: Enabling Battery-Less Wearable Sensors Via Intrabody Power Transfer." 2018. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/694.
Full textAbstract:
Tremendousadvancement inultra-low powerelectronics and radiocommunica tionshas significantly contributed towards the fabrication of miniaturized biomedical sensors capable of capturing physiological data and transmitting them wirelessly. However, most of the wearable sensors require a battery for their operation. The battery serves as one of the critical bottlenecks to the development of novel wearable applications, as the limitations offered by batteries are affecting the development of new form-factors and longevity of wearable devices. In this work, we introduce a novel concept, namely Intra-Body Power Transfer (IBPT), to alleviate the limitations and problems associated with batteries, and enable wireless, batteryless wearable devices. The innovation of IBPT is to utilize the human body as the medium to transfer power to passive wearable devices, as opposed to employingon-boardbatteries for each individual device. The proposed platform eliminates the on-board rigid battery for ultra-low power and ultra-miniaturized sensors such that their form-factor can be flexible, ergonomically designed to be placed on small body parts. The platform also eliminates the need for battery maintenance (e.g., recharging or replacement) for multiple wearable devices other than the central power source. The performance of the developed system is tested and evaluated in comparison to traditional Radio Frequency based solutions that can be harmful to human interaction. The system developed is capable of harvesting on average 217µW at 0.43V and provides an average sleep/high impedance mode voltage of 4.5V.
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Almansouri, Abdullah S. "Wireless Magnetic Sensors to Empower the Next Technological Revolution." Diss., 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/668914.
Full textAbstract:
The next technological revolution, Industry 4.0, is envisioned as a digitally
connected ecosystem where machines and gadgets are driven by artificial intelligence. By 2025, more than 75 billion devices are projected to serve this revolution. Many of which are to be integrated into the fabrics of everyday life in the form of smart wireless sensors. Still, two major challenges should be addressed to realize truly wireless and wearable sensors. First, the sensors should be flexible and stretchable, allowing for comfortable wearing. Second, the electronics should scavenge the energy it requires entirely from the environment, thus, eliminating the need for batteries, which are bulky, create ecological problems, etc. By addressing these two challenges, this dissertation paves the way for truly wearable sensors.
The first part of the dissertation introduces a biocompatible magnetic skin with exceptional physical properties. It is highly-flexible, breathable, durable, and realizable in any desired shape and color. Attached to the skin of a user, the magnetic skin itself does not require any wiring, allowing to place the electronics and delicate components of the wireless sensor in a convenient nearby location to track the magnetic field produced by the magnetic skin. To demonstrate the performance of the magnetic skin, wearable systems are implemented as an assistive technology for severe quadriplegics, a touchless
control solution for eliminating cross contaminations, and for monitoring blinking and eye
movement for sleep laboratories.
The second part of the dissertation is about wirelessly powering wireless sensors.
In doing so, radio frequency (RF) rectifiers are a bottleneck, especially for ambient RF energy harvesting. Therefore, two RF rectifiers are introduced in standard CMOS technologies. The first architecture utilizes double-sided diodes to reduce the reverse leakage current, thus achieving a high dynamic range of 6.7 dB, -19.2 dBm sensitivity, and 86% efficiency. The second rectifier implements a dual-mode technique to lower the effective threshold voltage by 37%. Consequently, it achieves a 38% efficiency at −35 dBm input power and a 10.1 dB dynamic range while maintaining the same efficiency and sensitivity. Ultimately, combining these wireless powering techniques with the magnetic skin allows for truly wireless and wearable solutions.
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Catarino, Tiago Filipe Rodrigues. "Development of Hand-Tracker: Wireless Solutation Based on Inertial Sensors." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/81666.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaO sucesso da realidade virtual deriva da sensação de imersão que esta oferece, replicando o mundo real, esta cria artificialmente experiências sensoriais que simulam a presença física de um utilizador. Esta percepção de autenticidade é ainda mais notória quando as acções descritas pelo utilizador são fielmente replicadas neste mundo virtual, especialmente movimentos e interacções que envolvam as mãos. O reconhecimento e seguimento de movimentos detalhados da mão oferece uma solução de controlo que nos é natural e intuitiva, não só em realidade virtual mas em qualquer sistema de interacção homem-computador.A maior parte dos sistemas existentes de seguimento de mãos têm, geralmente, um preço elevado ou apresentam limitações que das duas uma, ou constringem movimentos naturais das mãos ou apresentam um limite no alcance do seguimento. Restringindo desta forma a quantidade de possíveis interacções no ambiente virtual.Neste trabalho propomos uma solução de baixo custo, ergonómica e sem fios utilizando sensores inerciais baseados em sistemas Microelectromecânicos. A nossa solução obtém dados de orientação de sensores como giroscópios, acelerómetros e magnetómetros, utilizando um filtro de fusão sensorial de baixa complexidade. Para garantir o desempenho de sensores inerciais de baixo custo, é feito um estudo sobre o ruído associado a estes sensores, de forma a compor métodos de calibração que reduzam estes efeitos. De forma a obter o seguimento da mão em relação a um sistema de referência local no pulso, no protótipo desenvolvido estes sensores são colocados em pontos específicos da mão. Este sistema de referência local é externamente capturado por um sensor Kinect, adicionando informação relativa à posição do pulso e completando assim a informação necessária para obter a pose completa da mão. O filtro de baixa complexidade desenvolvido, conhecido como Filtro Complementar, é comparado com algoritmos mais conhecidos, mas mais pesados computacionalmente, e o seu desempenho avaliado em relação a um produto comercial de referência na área. Estas experiências demonstram um bom comportamento por parte do Filtro Complementar, com resultados equiparáveis a estes filtros de maior complexidade. Esta implementação possui então requisitos computacionais baixos, sendo possível o desenvolvimento de plataformas onde o poder computacional é limitado.Sendo o objectivo desta solução melhorar as formas de interacção num cenário virtual, com trabalho produzido ao longo desta dissertação, foi desenvolvido um protótipo de seguimento da mão confortável de usar. Com esta nova ferramenta é esperado um aumento da sensação de imersão atingido num ambiente de realidade virtual, sendo possível a utilização intuitiva das nossas mãos.
The success of virtual reality comes from the sense of immersion it offers, using realistic sensations to replicate the real world, virtual realities artificially create sensory experiences that simulate a user's physical presence. This sense of authenticity is further extended when the actions made by a user are faithfully replicated in this virtual world, specially hand movements and interactions. The tracking and recognition of detailed hand motions offer a controller solution that is natural and intuitive to us, not only on virtual reality but on any kind of human-computer interaction system.Most existing systems for hand tracking in general are high-cost solutions or exhibit limitations that either hinder the natural hand movements or have limited range of action, constraining the set of possible interactions in a virtual environment.We propose a low-cost, ergonomic and wireless solution based on MEMS inertial sensors. This system fuses orientation data from gyroscopes, accelerometers and magnetometers in a developed low-complexity fusion filter. To guarantee the performance of the low-cost sensors, a study is performed describing the motion sensors used, its disturbances and calibration solutions to mitigate these effects. On the developed prototype, the sensors are placed on specific places of the hand, in order to achieve hand and finger tracking relative to a reference frame on the wrist. This frame is externally captured with a Kinect camera, adding position data for complete information about the hand pose, and the proposed system extends the tracking area providing full hand motion tracking. The developed low-complexity filter, known as a Complementary Filter, is examined in contrast to the more computationally intensive fusion algorithms and the performance evaluation compared to a well-known commercial solution. The results demonstrate that the implementation provides an acceptable accuracy and is even comparable to more complex filters. This implementation is kept with low computational requirements, making it possible to develop a battery-operated/wearable device where computational power is limited.The work developed during this dissertation culminated to a comfortable-to-use prototype solution and intends to provide a supportive tool which extends the set of possible interactions within a virtual reality scenario. This way, we expect to improve a user’s experience in a virtual experience by adding the feeling of full virtual hand ownership.
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(8647860), Aniket Pal. "Design and Fabrication of Soft Biosensors and Actuators." Thesis, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
Soft materials have gained increasing prominence in science and technology over the last few decades. This shift from traditional rigid materials to soft, compliant materials have led to the emergence of a new class of devices which can interact with humans safely, as well as reduce the disparity in mechanical compliance at the interface of soft human tissue and rigid devices.One of the largest application of soft materials has been in the field of flexible electronics, especially in wearable sensors. While wearable sensors for physical attributes such as strain, temperature, etc. have been popular, they lack applications and significance from a healthcare perspective. Point-of-care (POC) devices, on the other hand, provide exceptional healthcare value, bringing useful diagnostic tests to the bedside of the patient. POC devices, however, have been developed for only a limited number of health attributes. In this dissertation I propose and demonstrate wireless, wearable POC devices to measure and communicate the level of various analytes in and the properties of multiple biofluids: blood, urine, wound exudate, and sweat.
Along with sensors, another prominent area of soft materials application has been in actuators and robots which mimic biological systems not only in their action but also in their soft structure and actuation mechanisms. In this dissertation I develop design strategies to improve upon current soft robots by programming the storage of elastic strain energy. This strategy enables us to fabricate soft actuators capable of programmable and low energy consuming, yet high speed motion. Collectively, this dissertation demonstrates the use of soft compliant materials as the foundation for developing new sensors and actuators for human use and interaction.
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(7046372), Shovan Maity. "Electro-Quasistatic Human Body Communication: From Bio-Physical Modeling to Broadband Circuits and HCI Applications." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
Decades of scaling in semiconductor technology has resulted in a drastic reduction in the cost and size of unit computing. This has enabled computing capabilities in small form factor wearable and implantable devices. These devices communicate with each other to form a network around the body, commonly known as the Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). Radio wave transmission over air is the commonly used method of communication among these devices. However, the human body can be used as the communication medium by utilizing its electrical conductivity property. This has given rise to Human Body Communication (HBC), which provides higher energy efficiency and enhanced security compared to over the air radio wave communication enabling applications like remote health monitoring, secure authentication. In this thesis we characterize the human body channel characteristics at low frequencies, utilize the insight obtained from the channel characterization to build high energy-efficiency, interference-robust circuits and demonstrate the security and selectivity aspect of HBC through a Common Off the Shelf (COTS) component-based system. First, we characterize the response of the human body channel in the 10KHz1MHz frequency range with wearable transmitter/ receiver to study the feasibility of using it as a broadband communication channel. Voltage mode measurements with capacitive termination show almost at-band response in this frequency range, establishing the body as a broadband channel. The body channel response is also measured across different interaction scenario between two wearable devices and a wearable and a computer. A bio-physical model of the HBC channel is developed to explain the measurement results and the wide discrepancies found in previous studies.We analyze the safety aspect of different type of HBC by carrying out theoretical circuit and FEM based simulations. A study is carried out among multiple subjects to assess the effect of HBC on the vital parameters of a subject. A statistical analysis of the results shows no signicant change in the vital parameters before and during HBC transmission, validating the theoretical simulations showing >!000x safety margin compared to the established ICNIRP guidelines. Next, an HBC transceiver is built utilizing the wire-like, broadband human body channel to enable high energy efficiency. The transceiver also provides robustness to ambient interference picked up by the human body through integration followed by periodic sampling. The transceiver achieves 6.3pJ/bit energy effciency while operating at a maximum data rate of 30Mbps, while providing -30dB interference tolerant operation. Finally, a COTS based HBC prototype is developed, which utilizes low frequency operation to enable selective and physically secure communication strictly during touch for Human Computer Interaction (HCI) between two wearable devices for the rst time. A thorough study of the effect of different parameters such as environment, posture, subject variation, on the channel loss has also been characterized to build a robust HBC system working across different use cases. Applications such as secure authentication (e.g. opening a door, pairing a smart device) and information exchange (e.g. payment, image, medical data, personal profile transfer) through touch is demonstrated to show the impact of HBC in enabling new human-machine interaction modalities.
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(10195706), Shreeya Sriram. "Electro - Quasistatic Body Communication for Biopotential Applications." Thesis, 2021.
Find full textAbstract:
The current state of the art in biopotential recordings rely on radiative electromagnetic (EM) fields. In such transmissions, only a small fraction of this energy is received since the EM fields are widely radiated resulting in lossy inefficient systems. Using the body as a communication medium (similar to a ’wire’) allows for the containment of the energy within the body, yielding order(s) of magnitude lower energy than radiative EM communication. The first part of this work introduces Animal Body Communication for untethered rodent biopotential recording and for the first time this work develops the theory and models for animal body communication circuitry and channel loss. In vivo experimental analysis proves that ABC successfully transmits acquired electrocardiogram (EKG) signals through the body with correlation greater than 99% when compared to traditional wireless communication modalities, with a 50x reduction in power consumption. The second part of this work focusses on the analysis and design of an Electro-Quasistatic Human Body Communication (EQS-HBC) system for simultaneous sensing and transmission of biopotential signals. In this work, detailed analysis on the system level interaction between the sensing and transmitting circuitry is studied and a design to enable simultaneous sensing and transmission is proposed. Experimental analysis was performed to understand the interaction between the Right Leg-Drive circuitry and the HBC transmission along with the effect of the ADC quantization on signal quality. Finally, experimental trials proves that EKG signals can be transmitted through the body with greater than 96% correlation when compared to Bluetooth systems at extremely low powers.