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1
Nikos, Karacapilidis, ed. Solutions and innovations in web-based technologies for augmented learning: Improved platforms, tools, and applications. Information Science Reference, 2009.
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K, Kokula Krishna Hari, ed. A Web-based Mechanism to Avoid Mispricing Products on E-Commerce Platform: IC5E 2014. Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties, 2014.
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Magdalinski, Tara. Into the Digital Era. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038938.003.0006.
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This chapter discusses the numerous opportunities for incorporating interactive, Internet-based technologies for collaborative learning into sport history pedagogy. These include blogs, wikis, Wikipedia, Twitter, and Facebook, and extend to lesser-known platforms and tools such as Curatr and TED-Ed “Flip this Lesson.” Indeed, as new platforms continue to be developed, and as students—who are already largely digital natives—engage with these, and as pedagogical practice continues to move away from passive receipt of static knowledge toward active engagement in knowledge creation, sport historians themselves need to be “competent and critical users.” The interactive and collaborative potential of many web-based platforms offers possibilities for engagement both within the classroom and with external communities of interest.
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Davis, Gerald F., and S. D. Shibulal. Taming Platform Capitalism to Meet Human Needs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825067.003.0011.
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We are witnessing the emergence of an information and communication technology (ICT)-enabled platform capitalism in which traditional corporations are being displaced. Railing against traditional firms to rescue capitalism would, under these circumstances, seem like misdirected effort. The “working anarchies” (e.g. Uber, Wikipedia) and “pop-up firms” (e.g. Vizio) of this new world use “labor on demand.” Here too there is risk that platform owners exploit their power and become rapacious. Yet, ICT can enable platform capitalism to create community-based, locally controlled alternatives to corporations and states. Cooperatives and democratic software platforms (e.g. Linux) must be important business forms in the future.
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Kim, Jihoon. Documentary's Expanded Fields. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197603819.001.0001.
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Documentary's Expanded Fields: New Media and the Twenty-First-Century Documentary offers a theoretical mapping of contemporary non-standard documentary practices enabled by the proliferation of new digital imaging, lightweight and non-operator digital cameras, multiscreen and interactive interfaces, and web 2.0 platforms. These emergent practices encompass digital data visualizations, digital films that experiment with the deliberate manipulation of photographic records, documentaries based on drone cameras, GoPros, and virtual reality (VR) interfaces, documentary installations in the gallery, interactive documentary (i-doc), citizens' vernacular online videos that document scenes of the protests such as the Arab Spring, the Hong Kong Protests, and the Black Lives Matter Movements, and new activist films, videos, and archiving projects that respond to those political upheavals. Building on the interdisciplinary framework of documentary studies, digital media studies, and contemporary art criticism, Jihoon Kim investigates the ways in which these practices both challenge and update the aesthetic, epistemological, political, and ethical assumptions of traditional film-based documentary. Providing a diverse range of case studies that classify and examine these practices, the book argues that the new media technologies and the experiential platforms outside the movie theater, such as the gallery, the world wide web, and social media services, expand five horizons of documentary cinema: image, vision, dispositif, archive, and activism. This reconfiguration of these five horizons demonstrates that documentary cinema in the age of new media and platforms, which Kim labels as the “twenty-first-century documentary,” dynamically changes its boundaries while also exploring new experiences of reality and history in times of the contemporary crises across the globe, including the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Roach, Rebecca. Coda. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825418.003.0009.
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This coda looks to the future of the interview. With the advent of so-called Web 2.0 the threshold of public and private is radically shifting. For the interview, historically positioned on this boundary, the possibilities are manifold, if not yet certain. Methodologically, the long-standing dominance of interviewing within the social sciences is being called into question as web-based and social media platforms generate big data pools. The chapter discusses the import of chatbots and formats such as Reddit’s AMA for the interview’s future. It speculates that as the interview method becomes less tethered to data collection, within the literary field it may well become more overtly associated with the life writing tradition, recognized for its aesthetic features and creative possibilities.
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Lukač, Morana. From usage guides to language blogs. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808206.003.0007.
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Public debates on language use today have switched platforms from newspaper columns to social media, and instead of turning the pages of printed usage guides, English speakers most commonly turn to the internet for usage advice. One of the most successful web-based usage guides, here referred to as usage guides 2.0, is the educational podcast ‘Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing’, which is also available in blog format enabling comments from the audience. This paper presents an analysis of the blog entries and comments from this podcast with a two-fold aim. First, Grammar Girl, as a web-based usage guide, is compared to traditional usage guides available in the HUGE database in order to shed light on potential changes within the usage guide genre that have occurred in the new medium. Second, the analysis of the blog comments attempts to provide a systematic overview of online metalinguistic discussions.
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Halegoua, Germaine. The Digital City. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479839216.001.0001.
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The Digital City focuses on the interface of people, urban place, and the role that digital media play in placemaking endeavors. Critics have understood digital media as forces that alienate and disembed users from space and place. This book argues that the exact opposite processes are observable: many different actors are consciously and habitually using digital technologies to re-embed themselves within urban space. Five case studies from cities around the world illustrate the concept of “re-placeing” by showing how different populations employ urban broadband networks, social and locative media platforms, digital navigation technologies, smart cities, and creative placemaking initiatives to reproduce abstract urban spaces as inhabited places with deep meanings and emotional attachments. Through clear and accessible language and timely narratives of everyday urban life, the author argues that a sense of place is integral to understanding contemporary relationships with digital media while highlighting our own awareness of the places where we find ourselves and where our technologies find and place us. Through ethnographic and discourse analysis of everyday digital media practices and technologies, this book expands practical and theoretical understandings of the ways urban planners envision and plan connected cities, the role of urban communities in shaping and interpreting digital architectures, and the tales of the city produced through mobile and web-based platforms. Digital connectivity is reshaping the city and the ways we navigate through it and belong within it. How this happens and the types of places we produce within these networked environments are what this book addresses.
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Levtov, Yuli. Algorithmic Music for Mass Consumption and Universal Production. Edited by Roger T. Dean and Alex McLean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190226992.013.15.
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This chapter explores algorithmic music and the software tools used to create it from the perspective of media that allow it to be distributed to mass audiences, such as smartphone apps, web-based experiences, and dedicated software packages. Different types of listener input and interaction for various algorithmic music formats are analysed, and examples of each are given. Advantages and disadvantages of various distribution platforms, both present and historic, are explored, and critical reaction to this wide body of work is also reviewed. Conclusions are drawn that the field is still relatively nascent, with advances in consumer technology being a main driver for innovation in this area of music distribution and creation.
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Robillard, Julie M., and Emily Wight. Communicating about the brain in the digital era. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786832.003.0028.
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Neuroscience communication is at a turning point, with tremendous opportunity for growth and democratization. The rise of the web and social media as platforms for dissemination of research findings and stakeholder engagement presents both unique opportunities and critical ethical considerations. Online- and mobile-based information and services for brain health may enhance the autonomy of users in health decision-making. However, nonadherence to ethical norms, such as informed consent and conflict of interest by digital content creators, may lead to harm. The challenges of communicating neuroscience in the digital era will require the rejection of the traditional top-down dissemination of research findings by the science community. Communicators must embrace participatory communication models, frame science in non-sensationalized, lay-friendly terms, improve the ethics of online resources and web users’ ability to assess the quality of information and source material, and educate scientists in the importance of transparency and public engagement.
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Creighton, Peggy Milam. School Library Infographics. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216011255.
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Find out how you can increase the impact of your school library instruction, promotion, and organization with the utilization of infographics created with do-it-yourself tips found within this guidebook. Infographics have become increasingly popular educational tools for visually conveying ideas and information—in class projects, in daily lessons, and for promoting school and library programs. This book—the only one of its kind—helps you create your own computer-generated visuals for your class and library using common software platforms and free web-based applications. A perfect primer for educators with little or no technological savvy, this resource features charts, tables, screenshots, bars, and graphs for making infographics easy to reproduce and create. Author Peggy Milam Creighton discusses the benefits of utilizing visuals with students and provides tips and strategies for creating your own graphics for various educational settings. The reference is organized into three topics: how to create infographics with Microsoft software such as Word, Excel, and PowerPoint; how to use graphics to support school library programs; and why using these visual-based learning tools is important. The work features easy-to-use tutorials, lesson plans, and project ideas for students.
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Kligler-Vilenchik, Neta, and Ioana Literat. Not Your Parents' Politics. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197795156.001.0001.
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Abstract Whether we like it or not, social media platforms have become a key space for youth political expression. Yet young people’s engagement with politics on social media looks and feels different from adult conceptions of political expression: it is creative, making inventive use of platform affordances; it is personal, shaped by young people’s experiences and identities; and it is meaningful to young people, as a space to exert their political voice. This book thus argues for the need to consider the potential value of social media, both as a space for young people to experiment with their political voice and as a window into the political and social concerns on their minds. Grounded in empirical research on three case studies of youth political expression (the US 2016 election, Black Lives Matter, and climate change) on musical.ly, Instagram, and YouTube, the book offers insights into the varied ways young people engage with political issues on the social media platforms most popular with youth audiences. On a theoretical level, the book offers a conceptual framework for analyzing how different platforms shape political expression through the interaction between their affordances, norms, and contents. This empirical and theoretically based investigation sets the stage for a normative discussion, asking how the forms of expressive citizenship identified throughout the book might bolster—or hinder—democratic engagement. Ultimately, the book considers what it means to take youth political expression on social media seriously, and what the stakes are for political socialization and democratic participation.
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Schnieders, Arnd. Application of Web Service Technologies on a B2B Communication Platform by Means of a Pattern and Uml Based Software Development Process. GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2003.
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Goldsmith, Francisca. Crash Course in Contemporary Reference. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400632891.
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A fresh, detailed, and thoughtful examination of reference services in the context of evolving community information needs and habits, a changing technological landscape, and new search strategies. Professional practices in the field of library reference services have changed dramatically in the past decade in response to shrinking print reference collections and evolving technology, search strategies, and user needs and interests. This new guide explains all the basics of reference services, covering resource types and awareness of their appropriate uses, collection development and maintenance techniques that support reference service work, the latest online searching techniques, and best practices for service interactions through various platforms, including email, chat, text, phone, and face to face. Additionally, it addresses reference service ethics; communication and conducting reference interviews; important policies related to reference service development, provision, and maintenance; alternative reference service delivery points now in use; and professional service provider networking. Both experienced reference librarians and those new to reference service will benefit from in-depth coverage of recent changes in online reference resources and print-based resources, guidelines for authoritative evaluation of web-based resources, explanations of online catalog searching skills, and tips for reference web page construction. The book also contains an expanded section on making digitized collections accessible and relevant; information on the growing need of members of the general population for help with various federal government access programs ranging from Veterans Affairs and Social Security to health care access, income tax regulation fulfillment, and immigrant documentation; and explanations of copyright in the digital sphere of resource use and transfer.
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Vandenbroucke, Frank. Social Investment as a Policy Platform. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790488.003.0029.
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This contribution argues for a truly reciprocal social investment pact for Europe: member states should be committed to policies that respond to the need for social investment; simultaneously, member states’ efforts in this direction—notably efforts by those in a difficult budgetary context—should be supported in a tangible way. Social investment is a policy perspective that should be based on a broad consensus between people who may entertain certain disagreements regarding the level of their empirical and/or normative understanding of the social world. For that reason, the expression of an ‘overlapping consensus’ is used for delineating social investment advocacy. Data on education spending show that we are far removed from a social investment perspective at the European Union (EU) level. This underscores the fact that social investment advocates need to clearly consider the role the EU has to play in social investment progress.
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Ali, Christopher. Interventions in Localism. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040726.003.0008.
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Chapter 7 focuses on two concrete recommendations for policy makers interested in protecting media localism and encouraging local news. The first advocates for comprehensive local media policy frameworks. These frameworks must take into account the different platforms providing local news and local media, and the different funding systems as well. The second recommendation is larger in scope and argues that we need to reclassify local news from a public good to a merit good. Based on the work of Richard Musgrave, the designation of “merit good” would allow us to justify greater regulatory interventions, such as encouraging cross-media subsidies to support local news on a variety of platforms.
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Franks, Patricia C., Lori A. Bell, and Rhonda B. Trueman, eds. Teaching and Learning in Virtual Environments. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216022831.
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Useful to school librarians, teachers, and faculty, this book explains the range of possibilities for creating immersive learning experiences through the use of virtual worlds, virtual simulations, virtual collections, exhibits by libraries and museums, and archives. There is a renaissance occurring in education with immersive learning via virtual applications and environments, even at the elementary school level. This widespread new movement is happening over more platforms than before—Second Life, Open Sim, Unity3D, Curio, and others. Teaching and Learning in Virtual Environments: Archives, Museums, and Libraries presents readers with the scope of possibilities for education in virtual environments today. Written from the perspective of the practitioner, it provides a wealth of teaching tips for virtual environments and for combining virtual environments with other emerging technologies for libraries and education. Chapters describe how recent developments in technology have made web-based virtual worlds more accessible for teaching and learning and discuss the unique benefits and affordances of educating in virtual environments as well as their applications to different subjects. The teaching applications cover the primary and secondary school levels, higher education and graduate-level environments, and even beyond formal education into building immersive "information experiences" for professional training applications, library users, and the general public. The text provides an up-to-date overview for educators, academic and public librarians, and archives and museum staff on recent developments with immersive learning; presents innovative programs and teaching ideas; covers administrative issues; and addresses the student's perspective as well.
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Gieseler, Carly. Milestone Celebrations in the Age of Social Media. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., 2022. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666997415.
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In the decade spanning 2010–2020, social media showcased growing celebrations of lifetime milestones across multiple platforms. Utilizing theoretical and methodological approaches based in cultural studies, Milestone Celebrations in the Age of Social Media analyzes social media phenomena including gender-reveal parties; promposals; publicized marriage proposals; divorce celebrations; and the rites of the Death Positive Movement. Carly Gieseler illustrates how the public sharing of major life events on social media platforms reshapes the way we communicate about topics including courtship, birth, marriage, divorce, and death. While each trend represents a unique occasion, these celebrations share themes inherent to our human experience in the digital age. Culminating in the wake of the pandemic and its impact on each communal celebration, this book illustrates one of our most vital human drives—connection.
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Hilgurt, S. Ya, and O. A. Chemerys. Reconfigurable signature-based information security tools of computer systems. PH “Akademperiodyka”, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/akademperiodyka.458.297.
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The book is devoted to the research and development of methods for combining computational structures for reconfigurable signature-based information protection tools for computer systems and networks in order to increase their efficiency. Network security tools based, among others, on such AI-based approaches as deep neural networking, despite the great progress shown in recent years, still suffer from nonzero recognition error probability. Even a low probability of such an error in a critical infrastructure can be disastrous. Therefore, signature-based recognition methods with their theoretically exact matching feature are still relevant when creating information security systems such as network intrusion detection systems, antivirus, anti-spam, and wormcontainment systems. The real time multi-pattern string matching task has been a major performance bottleneck in such systems. To speed up the recognition process, developers use a reconfigurable hardware platform based on FPGA devices. Such platform provides almost software flexibility and near-ASIC performance. The most important component of a signature-based information security system in terms of efficiency is the recognition module, in which the multipattern matching task is directly solved. It must not only check each byte of input data at speeds of tens and hundreds of gigabits/sec against hundreds of thousand or even millions patterns of signature database, but also change its structure every time a new signature appears or the operating conditions of the protected system change. As a result of the analysis of numerous examples of the development of reconfigurable information security systems, three most promising approaches to the construction of hardware circuits of recognition modules were identified, namely, content-addressable memory based on digital comparators, Bloom filter and Aho–Corasick finite automata. A method for fast quantification of components of recognition module and the entire system was proposed. The method makes it possible to exclude resource-intensive procedures for synthesizing digital circuits on FPGAs when building complex reconfigurable information security systems and their components. To improve the efficiency of the systems under study, structural-level combinational methods are proposed, which allow combining into single recognition device several matching schemes built on different approaches and their modifications, in such a way that their advantages are enhanced and disadvantages are eliminated. In order to achieve the maximum efficiency of combining methods, optimization methods are used. The methods of: parallel combining, sequential cascading and vertical junction have been formulated and investigated. The principle of multi-level combining of combining methods is also considered and researched. Algorithms for the implementation of the proposed combining methods have been developed. Software has been created that allows to conduct experiments with the developed methods and tools. Quantitative estimates are obtained for increasing the efficiency of constructing recognition modules as a result of using combination methods. The issue of optimization of reconfigurable devices presented in hardware description languages is considered. A modification of the method of affine transformations, which allows parallelizing such cycles that cannot be optimized by other methods, was presented. In order to facilitate the practical application of the developed methods and tools, a web service using high-performance computer technologies of grid and cloud computing was considered. The proposed methods to increase efficiency of matching procedure can also be used to solve important problems in other fields of science as data mining, analysis of DNA molecules, etc. Keywords: information security, signature, multi-pattern matching, FPGA, structural combining, efficiency, optimization, hardware description language.
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Cohen, Julie E. Between Truth and Power. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190246693.001.0001.
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This book explores the relationships between legal institutions and political and economic transformation. It argues that as law is enlisted to help produce the profound economic and sociotechnical shifts that have accompanied the emergence of the informational economy, it is changing in fundamental ways. We are witnessing the emergence of legal institutions adapted to the information age, but their form and their substance remain undetermined and are the subjects of intense struggle. One level for legal-institutional transformation involves baseline understandings of entitlement and disentitlement. Both lawyers and laypeople tend to think of legal entitlements as relatively fixed, but the ongoing transformation in political economy has set things in motion in ways that traditional accounts do not contemplate. In particular, the datafication of important resources and the shift to a platform-based, massively intermediated communications environment have profoundly reshaped both the organization of economic activity and the patterns of information exchange. The authority of platforms is both practical and normative, and it has become both something taken for granted and a powerful force reshaping the law in its own image. Another level for legal-institutional transformation involves the structure and operation of regulatory and governance institutions. Patterns of institutional change in the networked information era express a generally neoliberalized and managerialist stance toward the law’s projects and processes. They reflect deeply embedded beliefs about the best uses of new technological capabilities to manage legal and regulatory processes and account for activities of legal and regulatory concern.
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Baron, Naomi S. How We Read Now. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190084097.001.0001.
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The digital revolution has transformed reading. Onscreen text, audiobooks, podcasts, and videos often replace print. We make these swaps for pleasure reading, but also in schools. How We Read Now offers a ringside seat to the impact of reading medium on learning. Teachers, administrators, librarians, and policy makers need to select classroom materials. College students must weigh their options. And parents face choices for their children. Digital selections are often based on cost or convenience, not educational evidence. Current research offers essential findings about how print and digital reading compare when the aim is learning. Yet the gap between what scholars and the larger public know is huge. How We Read Now closes the gap. The book begins by sizing up the state of reading today, revealing how little reading students have been doing. The heart of the book connects research insights to practical applications. Baron draws on work from international researchers, along with results from her collaborative studies of student reading practices ranging from middle school through college. The result is an impartial view of the evidence, including points on which the jury is still out. The book closes with two challenges. The first is that students increasingly complain print is boring. And second, for all the educational buzz about teaching critical thinking, digital reading is inherently ill suited for cultivating these habits of mind. Since screens and audio are now entrenched—and valuable—platforms for reading, we need to rethink how to help learners use them wisely.
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FitzGerald, Sharron A., and Kathryn McGarry. Realising Justice for Sex Workers. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881812218.
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In the past two decades, feminist politics on prostitution has become more polarised and ideological. On the one hand, those on the radical spectrum of feminist politics have fought long and hard to criminalise sex purchase with the intention of ultimately abolishing prostitution. Other feminists have lobbied the state to recognise and institutionalise sex workers’ human rights. The collection is both a critical intervention in and a re-orientation of the schism in contemporary feminist prostitution politics. Contributors will use this schism as a platform from which to challenge current debates, and ‘think’ an alternative sex worker-centred politics for social justice. By placing sex workers’ lived experiences of prostitution at the centre of the conversation, the book rejects the hegemony of neo-abolitionism as the solution to the ‘problem’ of sex work. The book brings international, trans-disciplinary scholars together to address a rights-based agenda for sex work law and policy and consequently for sex workers’ lives. This collection offers an invaluable resource on the subject of how sex workers experience injustices and how we can mitigate this globally through a transformative vision of social justice.
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autores, Varios. A practical guidance on estimation of european wild ungulate population density. Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/atenea_2022.41.00.
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Given the diversity of available methods and the geographical diversity of Europe, methodological harmonization is duly needed. The general aim of this guidance is to review the methods for estimating density in European wild ungula¬tes. This guidance is based in previous comprehensive reviews carried out by the ENETWILD Consortium, which propo¬sed general recommendations for practical implementation of methods to estimate wild ungulate density. We present 9 methods used in nineteen wild ruminant species and wild boar distributed across Europe, paying special attention to most practical methods for further implementation in the field to calculate reliable and accurate density estimates, allowing further comparable results over their distribution ranges. This guidance provides recommendations to select the methods to estimate the density and its implementations for ungulate populations with the aim of increasing the output quality (good accuracy and precision). The method should be used in a harmonized way: we provide detailed instructions for the design of most recommended methods, but specific protocols must be specifically adapted to local conditions. Every method on estimating reliable and comparable wild ungulate population density has some advanta¬ges and disadvantages depending on the habitat, the weather conditions and the benefit and do not discard their use if applied in a harmonized way. It arises from this guidance the need of developing a permanent network and a data platform to collect and share local density estimates, so as abundance in the EU.
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Davenport, Thomas H., and Steven M. Miller. Working with AI. The MIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/14453.001.0001.
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Two management and technology experts show that AI is not a job destroyer, exploring worker-AI collaboration in real-world work settings. This book breaks through both the hype and the doom-and-gloom surrounding automation and the deployment of artificial intelligence-enabled—“smart”—systems at work. Management and technology experts Thomas Davenport and Steven Miller show that, contrary to widespread predictions, prescriptions, and denunciations, AI is not primarily a job destroyer. Rather, AI changes the way we work—by taking over some tasks but not entire jobs, freeing people to do other, more important and more challenging work. By offering detailed, real-world case studies of AI-augmented jobs in settings that range from finance to the factory floor, Davenport and Miller also show that AI in the workplace is not the stuff of futuristic speculation. It is happening now to many companies and workers. These cases include a digital system for life insurance underwriting that analyzes applications and third-party data in real time, allowing human underwriters to focus on more complex cases; an intelligent telemedicine platform with a chat-based interface; a machine learning-system that identifies impending train maintenance issues by analyzing diesel fuel samples; and Flippy, a robotic assistant for fast food preparation. For each one, Davenport and Miller describe in detail the work context for the system, interviewing job incumbents, managers, and technology vendors. Short “insight” chapters draw out common themes and consider the implications of human collaboration with smart systems.
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Amir Anwar, Mohammad, and Mark Graham. The Digital Continent. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840800.001.0001.
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Only ten years ago, there were more internet users in countries like France or Germany than in all of Africa put together. But much has changed in a decade. The year 2018 marks the first year in human history in which a majority of the world’s population are now connected to the internet. This mass connectivity means that we have an internet that no longer connects only the world’s wealthy. Workers from Lagos to Johannesburg to Nairobi and everywhere in between can now apply for and carry out jobs coming from clients who themselves can be located anywhere in the world. Digital outsourcing firms can now also set up operations in the most unlikely of places in order to tap into hitherto disconnected labour forces. With CEOs in the Global North proclaiming that ‘location is a thing of the past’ (Upwork, 2018), and governments and civil society in Africa promising to create millions of jobs on the continent, the book asks what this ‘new world of digital work’ means to the lives of African workers. It draws from a year-long fieldwork in South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, Ghana, and Uganda, with over 200 interviews with participants including gig workers, call and contact centre workers, self-employed freelancers, small-business owners, government officials, labour union officials, and industry experts. Focusing on both platform-based remote work and call and contact centre work, the book examines the job quality implications of digital work for the lives and livelihoods of African workers.
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Weingart, Peter, Marina Joubert, and Bankole Falade. Science Communication in South Africa: Reflections on Current Issues. African Minds, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928502036.
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Why do we need to communicate science? Is science, with its highly specialised language and its arcane methods, too distant to be understood by the public? Is it really possible for citizens to participate meaningfully in scientific research projects and debate? Should scientists be mandated to engage with the public to facilitate better understanding of science? How can they best communicate their special knowledge to be intelligible? These and a plethora of related questions are being raised by researchers and politicians alike as they have become convinced that science and society need to draw nearer to one another. Once the persuasion took hold that science should open up to the public and these questions were raised, it became clear that coming up with satisfactory answers would be a complex challenge. The inaccessibility of scientific language and methods, due to ever increasing specialisation, is at the base of its very success. Thus, translating specialised knowledge to become understandable, interesting and relevant to various publics creates particular perils. This is exacerbated by the ongoing disruption of the public discourse through the digitisation of communication platforms. For example, the availability of medical knowledge on the internet and the immense opportunities to inform oneself about health risks via social media are undermined by the manipulable nature of this technology that does not allow its users to distinguish between credible content and misinformation. In countries around the world, scientists, policy-makers and the public have high hopes for science communication: that it may elevate its populations educationally, that it may raise the level of sound decision-making for people in their daily lives, and that it may contribute to innovation and economic well-being. This collection of current reflections gives an insight into the issues that have to be addressed by research to reach these noble goals, for South Africa and by South Africans in particular.
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Lowe, Hannah, Shuying Huang, and Nuran Urkmezturk. A UK ANALYSIS: Empowering Women of Faith in the Community, Public Service, and Media. Dialogue Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/zhqg9062.
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In the UK, belief, and faith are protected under the legal frame of the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) and the Equality Act 2010 (Perfect 2016, 11), in which a person is given the right to hold a religion or belief and the right to change their religion or belief. It also gives them a right to show that belief as long as the display or expression does not interfere with public safety, public order, health or morals, or the rights and freedoms of others (Equality Act 2010). The Equality Act 2010 protects employees from discrimination, harassment and victimisation because of religion or belief. Religion or belief are mainly divided into religion and religious belief, and philosophical belief (Equality Act 2010, chap. 1). The Dialogue Society supports the Equality Act 2010 (Perfect 2016, 11). Consequently, The Dialogue Society believes we have a duty to eliminate discrimination, advance equality of opportunity, and foster good relations within our organisation and society. The Dialogue Society aims to promote equality and human rights by empowering people and bringing social issues to light. To this end, we have organised many projects, research, courses, scriptural reasoning readings/gatherings, and panel discussions specifically on interfaith dialogue, having open conversations around belief and religion. To encourage dialogue, interaction and cooperation between people working on interreligious dialogue and to demonstrate good interfaith relations and dialogue are integral and essential for peace and social cohesion in our society, the Dialogue Society has been a medium, facilitating a platform to all from faith and non-faith backgrounds. The Dialogue Society thrives on being more inclusive to those who might be overlooked in society as a group. Although women seem to be in the core of society as an essential element, the women who contravene the monotype identity tend to remain in the shadows. The media is not just used to get information but also used as a way of having a sense of belonging by the audience. The media creates collective imaginary identities for public opinion. It gathers the audience under one consensus and creates an identity for the people who share this consensus. Hence, a form of media functions as a medium for identity creation and representation. Therefore, the production and reproduction of stereotypes and a monotype representation of women and women of faith in media content are the primary sources of the public's general attitudes towards women of faith. In the context of this report, the media limits not only women's gender but also their religious identity. The monotype identity of women opposes the plurality of the concept of women. Notably, media outlets are criticised for not recognising the differences in women's identities. Women of faith are susceptible to the lack of representation or misrepresentation and get stuck between the roles constructed for their gender and religion. Women who do not fit in these policies' stereotypes get misrepresented or disregarded by the media. Moreover, policymakers also limit their scope to a single monotype of women's identity when policies are made, creating a public consensus around women of faith. As both these mediums lack representation or have very symbolic and distorted representations of women of faith, we strive to provide a platform for all women from faith and non-faith backgrounds. The Dialogue Society has organised women-only community events for women of faith to have a bottom-up approach, including interfaith knitting, reading, and cooking clubs. Several women-only courses have informed women of the importance of interfaith dialogue, promoting current best practices, and identifying and promoting promising future possibilities. We have hosted panel discussions and held women-only interfaith circles where women from different faith backgrounds came together to discuss boundaries within religion and what they believed to transgress their boundaries. Consequently, we organised a panel series to focus on the roles of women of faith within different areas of society, aiming to highlight their unique individual and shared experiences and bring to light issues of inequality that impact women of faith. Although women of faith exist within all areas of society, we chose to explore women's experiences within three different settings to give a breadth of understanding about women of faith's interactions within society. Therefore, we held a panel series titled 'Women of Faith', including three panels, each focusing on a particular area: Women of Faith in Community, Women of Faith in Public Service, and Women of Faith in Media. In this report, following the content analysis method to systematically sort the information gathered by the panel series, we have written a series of recommendations to address these issues in media and policymaking. This paper has a section on specific policy recommendations for those in decision-making positions in the community, public service, and media, according to the content and findings gathered. This report aims to initiate and provide interactive and transferable advice and guidance to those in a position. The policy paper gives insight to social workers, teachers, council members, liaison officers, academics and relevant stakeholders, policymakers, and people who wish to understand more about empowering women of faith and hearing their experiences. It also aims to inspire ongoing efforts and further action to accelerate the achievement of complete freedom of faith, gender equality in promoting, recommending, and implementing direct top-level policies for faith and gender equality, and ensuring that existing policies are gender-sensitive and practices are safe from gender-based and faith-based discrimination for women of faith. Finally, this report is to engage and illustrate the importance of allyship, the outstanding achievement through dialogue based on real-life experience, and facilitate resilient relationships among people of different religious positions. We call upon every reader of this report to join the efforts of the Dialogue Society in promoting an equal society for women of faith.
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Fedosov, Anton. Supporting the Design of Technology-Mediated Sharing Practices. Carl Grossmann, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24921/2020.94115943.
Full textAbstract:
Online social networks have made sharing personal experiences with others mostly in form of photos and comments a common activity. The convergenceof social, mobile, cloud and wearable computing expanded the scope of usergeneratedand shared content on the net from personal media to individual preferencesto physiological details (e.g., in the form of daily workouts) to informationabout real-world possessions (e.g., apartments, cars). Once everydaythings become increasingly networked (i.e., the Internet of Things), future onlineservices and connected devices will only expand the set of things to share. Given that a new generation of sharing services is about to emerge, it is of crucialimportance to provide service designers with the right insights to adequatelysupport novel sharing practices. This work explores these practices within twoemergent sharing domains: (1) personal activity tracking and (2) sharing economyservices. The goal of this dissertation is to understand current practices ofsharing personal digital and physical possessions, and to uncover correspondingend-user needs and concerns across novel sharing practices, in order to map thedesign space to support emergent and future sharing needs. We address this goalby adopting two research strategies, one using a bottom-up approach, the otherfollowing a top-down approach.In the bottom-up approach, we examine in-depth novel sharing practices within two emergent sharing domains through a set of empirical qualitative studies.We offer a rich and descriptive account of peoples sharing routines and characterizethe specific role of interactive technologies that support or inhibit sharingin those domains. We then design, develop, and deploy several technology prototypesthat afford digital and physical sharing with the view to informing the design of future sharing services and tools within two domains, personal activitytracking and sharing economy services.In the top-down approach, drawing on scholarship in human-computer interaction (HCI) and interaction design, we systematically examine prior workon current technology-mediated sharing practices and identify a set of commonalitiesand differences among sharing digital and physical artifacts. Based uponthese findings, we further argue that many challenges and issues that are presentin digital online sharing are also highly relevant for the physical sharing in thecontext of the sharing economy, especially when the shared physical objects havedigital representations and are mediated by an online platform. To account forthese particularities, we develop and field-test an action-driven toolkit for designpractitioners to both support the creation of future sharing economy platformsand services, as well as to improve the user experience of existing services.This dissertation should be of particular interest to HCI and interaction designresearchers who are critically exploring technology-mediated sharing practicesthrough fieldwork studies, as well to design practitioners who are building and evaluating sharing economy services.
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Stankovic, Dusan. Youth, Guns and Safety: Analysis of the Response to the Multiple Murders of 3 and 4 May. Belgrade Centre for Security Policy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55042/dtsn3219.
Full textAbstract:
After the multiple murders that took place on 3 and 4 May 2023, the Government of Serbia adopted a series of measures to improve gun control and increase safety in schools and among youth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of these measures. The research was based on different sources of data: the state authorities’ official reports, expert literature, media reports, interviews conducted with police officers, the Armed Violence Monitoring Platform (AVMP) database, and a survey of the citizens’ satisfaction with measures, their perception of security and trust in institutions. Most of the measures that have been adopted are related to firearms, while a smaller part refers to the safety of young people and education. Also, measures related to firearms have been implemented more than others, and some are still in effect (gun control, moratorium on the issuance of gun permits). The public call for handing over arms produced results in terms of a large number of collected weapons (significantly larger than before), but there is a question of why previous such actions were not accompanied by appropriate media campaigns, which would have produced similar results. Another question is why there are no current campaigns that would educate citizens about the dangers of firearms, their misuse and the way they are to be kept and handled, as these things are very important for the prevention of armed violence. Also, the collection of firearms showed problems regarding their transport, accommodation and disposal after handing over. Measures for the safety of young people were mostly of declarative (tougher penal policy) and formal nature (establishment of councils and working groups). The only measure that was immediately implemented and visible to citizens was the placement of police officers in schools. It is possible that some students, school staff or parents did feel safer because of this, but there is no evidence that the presence of police managed to reduce violence. This measure, as well as the measures related to gun control, significantly increased the scope of work of the general jurisdiction police, creating a situation in which other forms of crime may flourish. Most of the measures were not implemented even though more than six months have passed since their adoption. Some of them, like tougher penalties for firearms-related offences or lowering the threshold for criminal liability, require legislative changes. In addition, the research and experience of other countries do not support the idea that tougher penal policies would decrease criminality. The conclusions show that the measures were motivated by political interests to satisfy the public and that they were not adopted by professionals from the fields of public security, justice or education, which is why some have turned out to be impossible to implement (restricting access to the Dark Net, reducing the threshold for criminal responsibility, gun control in the short term) or are unsustainable for the system (police presence in schools, testing students for the presence of psychoactive substances). Analysis of data from the regional Armed Violence Monitoring Platform, which records media-covered incidents involving firearms, indicates that the number of such incidents did not change much after 3 and 4 May. Also, other data sources show that levels of violence and incidents involving firearms are not decreasing and that implemented measures have not changed anything in this sense. The results of the public opinion survey show that the number of citizens who are not satisfied with the measures is slightly higher than the number of those who are. Satisfaction with safety measures in schools (47% of the respondents) is a bit higher than satisfaction with measures related to gun control (54% of the respondents). Six months after the adoption of these measures, the satisfaction of citizens is visibly decreasing - 44% of them are satisfied with the measures, while 56% are not. Comparing the results of public opinion polls in 2023 with those from 2022, it is evident that citizens’ trust in institutions has dropped significantly: 63% trust the police (76% in 2022), 49% trust the courts (57%), and 50% trust the prosecutor’s office (56%). Also, the perception of citizens’ safety considering the environment has decreased at all levels: in their homes, neighbourhoods and in Serbia in general. Finally, the survey also showed that more citizens now feel threatened by phenomena such as murder (56%) and illegal possession of firearms (61%) than was the case in 2022 (murder 49%, illegal possession of firearms 54%). It should be noted here that we are talking about two different public opinion surveys here, and their comparison should be viewed with some reservation. Although both were conducted using a national, representative sample, the 2023 survey was conducted online and was not conducted on a random sample, while the 2022 survey was conducted face-to-face on a random sample.
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