Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Web of Science citation index'

Conference proceedings represent a large part of the literature in computer science. Two Conference Proceedings Citation Index databases were merged with Web of Science in 2008, but very few studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of that merger of databases on citation indicators in computer science in comparison to other databases. This study explores whether or not the addition of the Conference Proceedings Citation Indexes to Web of Science has changed the citation analysis results when compared to Scopus. It compares the citation data of 25 randomly selected computer science faculty in Canadian universities in Web of Science (with Conference Proceedings Citation Indexes) and Scopus. The results show that Scopus retrieved considerably more publications including conference proceedings and journal articles. Scopus also generated higher citation counts and h-index than Web of Science in this field, though relative citation rankings from the two databases were similar. It is suggested that either database could be used if a relative ranking is sought. If the purpose is to find a more complete or higher value of citation counting or h-index, Scopus is preferable. It should be noted that no matter which source is used, citation analysis as a tool for research performance assessment must be constructed and applied with caution because of its technological and methodological limitations

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.
Some sections in thesis unnumbered.
Includes bibliographical references.
Imagine a world where computers are able to present desired information to people in the most relevant and effective way possible, where machines are able to adapt the way they interact with humans when they encounter different personality styles. Web Morphing captures the essence of this idea and applies it to realm of Digital Marketing, allowing companies to present product information in a manner in which the consumers are most comfortable with. By using user click-history, a Website with Morphing capability can display its information based on the user's inferred Cognitive and Cultural Styles. This thesis documents the process of building the Mathematical Inference Engine of a Web Morphing System that gives a Web site the ability to adapt itself to individual users. First, I will briefly discuss the history and motivation of Morphing. Then, I will discuss the theory of Morphing from the work of Hauser, Urban, Liberali, and Braun, and I will give a system overview of the Web Morphing System. The main contribution of the thesis is the technical implementation of the Mathematical Inference Engine, and I will describe in detail the construction of Mathematical Inference Engine's two major parts: the Bayesian Inference Engine, and the Gittins' Index Engine.
by Clarence Lee.
M.Eng.

Cette thèse présente une approche et des outils pour l'annotation de documents en se basant sur des ontologies. Dans notre contexte, ceci se traduit par des documents annotés par un ensemble de concepts clés issus de l'ontologie du domaine. Nous traitons le problème de l'annotation en développant une approche basée sur la relation de citation. Cette relation constitue la base d'une méthode pour affiner la propagation des annotations entre les documents. L'approche est indépendante du contenu et utilise un regroupement thématique des références construit à partir d'une classification floue non-supervisée. L'annotation étant basée sur l'utilisation d'ontologies, nous avons également abordé le problème de l'enrichissement de l'ontologie afin de pouvoir prendre en compte les différentes évolutions des documents et affiner la phase d'annotation. Un outil, nommé RAS, Reference Annotation System, a été développé et des expérimentations ont été réalisées en utilisant la base Citeseer.

Ist die Zitationsanalyse ein geeignetes Instrument zur Forschungsevaluation? Diese Dissertation untersucht, ob die zugrunde liegenden Zitationsdaten ausreichend fehlerfrei sind, um aussagekräftige Ergebnisse der Analysen zu erzielen, beziehungsweise sollte dies nicht der Fall sein, ob der Prozess, der die zitierenden und zitierten Artikel einander zurordnet, ausreichend robust gegenüber Ungenauigkeiten in den Daten ist. Ungenauigkeiten wurden als Unterschiede in den Datenwerten der bibliographischen Angaben definiert. Die untersuchten Daten setzen sich aus gezielt ausgewählten Publikationen des Web of Science (WoS) zusammen, welche eine geschichtete Stichprobe ergeben. Die bibliographischen Daten von 3.929 Referenzen wurden in einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse bewertet und die bibliographischen Ungenauigkeiten in einer Taxonomie zusammengefasst. Um genau festzulegen, welche von diesen tatsächlich den Zuordnungsprozess von Zitationen beeinflussen, wurde eine spezifische Untergruppe von Zitationen, d.h. Zitationen die von WoS nicht erfolgreich dem jeweilig zitierten Artikel zugeordnet wurden, untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den Daten zweier weiterer bibliographischen Datenbanken, Scopus und Google Scholar, sowie den Daten dreier angewandter bibliometrischer Forschungsgruppen, CWTS, iFQ und Science-Metrix, trianguliert. Die Zuordnungsalgorithmen von CWTS und iFQ konnten rund zwei Drittel dieser Zitierungen erfolgreich zuordnen. Scopus und Google Scholar konnten ebenso über 60% der fehlenden Zitierungen erfolgreich mit dem entsprechenden zitierten Artikel verbinden, während Science-Metrix nur eine geringe Anzahl an Referenzen (5%) schaffte. Vollkommen falsche erste Seitenzahlen sowie Zahlendreher in Publikationsjahren können in allen Datenquellen nicht richtig zugeordnete Zitierungen verursachen. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen wurden Lösungsvorschläge formuliert, die im Stande sind den Zuordnungsprozess von Zitationen in bibliometrischen Datenquellen zu verbessern.
Is citation analysis an adequate tool for research evaluation? This doctoral research investigates whether the underlying citation data is sufficiently accurate to provide meaningful results of the analyses and if not, whether the citation matching process can rectify inaccurate citation data. Inaccuracies are defined as discrepancies in the data values of bibliographic references, since they are the essential part in the citation matching process. A stratified, purposeful data sample was selected to examine typical cases of publications in Web of Science (WoS). The bibliographic data of 3,929 references was assessed in a qualitative content analysis to identify prevailing inaccuracies in bibliographic references that can interfere with the citation matching process. The inaccuracies were categorized into a taxonomy. Their frequency was studied to determine any strata-specific patterns. To pinpoint the types of inaccuracies that influence the citation matching process, a specific subset of citations, i.e. citations not successfully matched by WoS, was investigated. The results were triangulated with five other data sources: with data from two bibliographic databases in their role as citation indexes (Scopus and Google Scholar) and with data from three applied bibliometric research groups (CWTS, iFQ and Science-Metrix). The matching algorithms of CWTS and iFQ were able to match around two thirds of these citations correctly. Scopus and Google Scholar also handled more than 60% successfully in their matching. Science-Metrix only matched a small number of references (5%). Completely incorrect starting page numbers and transposed publication years can cause a citation to be missed in all data sources. However, more often it is a combination of more than one kind of inaccuracy in more than one field that leads to a non-match. Based on these results, proposals are formulated that could improve the citation matching processes of the different data sources.

Se realizó un estudio bibliométrico para describir la producción científica peruana en cáncer en revistas de visibilidad internacional, y evaluar las redes de colaboración científica. Se incluyó los artículos publicados sobre cáncer hechos en Perú en el periodo 2000 a 2011 en revistas indizadas en SCOPUS o Science Citation Index Expanded. Se identificaron 358 artículos, evidenciándose un incremento en la producción de cuatro artículos en el 2000 a 57 en el 2011. Los cánceres más estudiados fueron los de cuello uterino (77 publicaciones); mama (53), y estómago (37). El Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN) fue la institución más productiva (121 artículos) y con mayor número de colaboraciones (180 instituciones distintas). Se identificaron 52 ensayos clínicos, 29 con al menos un autor del INEN. En conclusión, la investigación en cáncer en Perú se está incrementando, el INEN es la institución más productiva, con importante participación en ensayos clínicos.
A bibliometric study was carried out to describe the scientific production on cancer written by peruvians and published in international health journals, as well as to assess the scientific collaboration networks. It included articles on cancer written in Peru between the years 2000 and 2011 and published in health journals indexed in SCOPUS or Science Citation Index Expanded. In the 358 articles identified, an increase in the production was seen, from 4 articles in 2000 to 57 in 2011.The most studied types were cervical cancer (77 publications); breast cancer (53), and gastric cancer (37). The National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) was the most productive institution (121 articles) and had the highest number of collaborations (180 different institutions). 52 clinical trials were identified, 29 of which had at least one author from INEN. We can conclude that, cancer research is increasing in Peru, the INEN being the most productive institution, with an important participation in clinical trials.

Com base em indicadores bibliométricos de produção, colaboração e impacto, este trabalho investiga os artigos científicos brasileiros da Física de Altas Energias (FAE) indexados pelo Science Citation Index (SCI) da Web of Science (WoS) no período de 1983-2013. Fizeram parte do estudo todas as publicações em periódicos abrangidos na categoria de assunto Physics, Particles & Fields. Os dados foram organizados e analisados com auxílio dos softwares Bibexcel, UCINET, Gephi, Philcarto, SPSS, R e Excel 2007. Os 6.350 artigos sugerem que o crescimento anual da produção pode ter sido consequência da ampliação dos Programas de Pós-Graduação (PPGs) com linhas de pesquisa FAE e grupos do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), da participação do Brasil nas colaborações internacionais e da instituição da Rede Nacional de Física de Altas Energias (RENAFAE). A distribuição das artigos por Web of Science Category (WC) demonstrou que a área centraliza a publicação em um número reduzido de periódicos estrangeiros de língua inglesa, com destaque para Physical Review D (PRD). A Astronomia & Astrofísica com 45,63% e a Física Nuclear com 18,66% de participação foram as categorias predominantes. Os cientistas nacionais mais produtivos são da subárea experimental e filiados a instituições públicas do eixo Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo. As universidades foram responsáveis por 80,92% da produção. A coautoria entre indivíduos cresceu ao longo do período, registrando média de 155,89 autores por artigo. O estudo por amostragem provou que a parcela de publicações de autoria única (11,39%) está vinculada à Física Teórica. Tanto o crescimento do número de artigos quanto o de colaborações se ajustam ao modelo de regressão linear. O decréscimo da média de instituições por artigo quando consideradas somente as nacionais, denota a preferência pela colaboração internacional em razão do custo e complexidade das investigações. As análises de MDS e clusters confirmam a existência de grupos regionais. A média de países por artigo é de 4,87. A proporção de coautorias internacionais da FAE (49,07%) é superior aos índices verificados na produção científica brasileira em anos recentes. O predomínio de pesquisadores estrangeiros na rede de colaboração confirma a internacionalização da atividade e a presença do Brasil nos experimentos multinacionais. Os indicadores absolutos expressam que EUA, Rússia e França são os principais parceiros. Os indicadores relativos expõem um processo de desconcentração e diversificação das colaborações nacionais, com presença relevante da Colômbia e países do leste europeu. O impacto da pesquisa em FAE aponta que os artigos brasileiros receberam 78.812 citações provenientes de 41.152 documentos. Os dados mostram que 87,65% das publicações foram citadas uma ou mais vezes no período. As características gerais dos citantes revelam a prevalência do artigo publicado em periódico estrangeiro na língua inglesa. A Física de Partículas e Campos com 36,24% e a Astronomia & Astrofísica com 21,17% de participação foram as categorias citantes salientes. Os documentos internacionais representam 88,15% das citações, com distinção para as publicações dos EUA, Alemanha e Itália. O Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) se destaca entre as instituições de filiação dos autores citantes. Conclui que a FAE detém reconhecimento internacional, entretanto, o incremento da participação nas colaborações multinacionais e a intensificação da atividade científica na subárea experimental pode conceder ao Brasil o status dos países desenvolvidos.
Based on bibliometric indicators of production, collaboration and impact, this study investigates the Brazilian scientific papers on High Energy Physics (HEP) indexed by the Science Citation Index (SCI) in the Web of Science (WoS) from 1983 to 2013. All publications in journals embraced by the subject category Physics, Particles & Fields were part of this research. Data were organized and analyzed using the software Bibexcel, UCINET, Gephi, Philcarto, SPSS, R and Excel 2007. The 6.350 papers recovered suggest that the annual growth in production may have been caused by the expansion of Graduate Programs on lines of research related to HEP and by the expansion of groups of the same line in the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), as well as by Brazil’s participation in international collaborations and by the institution of the National Network of High Energy Physics (RENAFAE). The distribution of papers by Web of Science Category (WC) showed that the area centers its publication in a small number of journals in English, especially the Physical Review D (PRD). The predominant categories were Astronomy & Astrophysics, with 45,63% of the publications, and Nuclear Physics, with 18,66%. The most productive Brazilian scientists are from the experimental subarea and affiliated to public institutions in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Universities were responsible for 80,92% of the output. The numbers related to coauthorship grew in the researched period, registering an average of 155,89 authors per article. The study sample proved that the share of single authorship publications (11,39%) is tied to Theoretical Physics. The growth in both the number of articles and the number of collaborations is coherent with the linear regression model. The decrease in the average of institutions per article when considering only the Brazilian institutions indicates the preference for international collaborations due to the cost and complexity of the researches. MDS and clusters analyzes confirm the existence of regional groups. The average of countries per article is of 4,87. HEP’s proportion of international coauthorship (49,07%) is higher than the rates found in the Brazilian scientific output in recent years. The predominance of foreign researchers in the collaboration network confirms the internationalization of the activity and the presence of Brazil in multinational experiments. Absolute indicators show that the U.S.A., Russia and France are Brazil’s main partners in coauthored publications. Relative indicators display a process of decentralization and diversification of Brazilian collaborations, with a significant presence of Colombia and Eastern Europe in the coauthorships. Impact indicators show that Brazilian papers received 78.812 citations to 41.152 documents. The data show that 87,65% of the publications were mentioned one or more times during the period. The general characteristics of the articles that cited Brazilian works revealed a predominance of publications in foreign journals and in English. Field and Particle Physics, with 36,24%, and Astronomy & Astrophysics, with 21,17%, were the two categories that most cited Brazilian works in the area. International documents represent 88,15% of the citations, especially the publications by the U.S.A., Germany and Italy. The Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) stands out among the institutions which the citing authors are affiliated to. The study concludes that HEP has international recognition; however, the increase in Brazil’s participation in multinational collaborations and the intensification of scientific activity in the experimental subarea can give Brazil the same status granted to developed countries.
Con base en indicadores bibliométricos de producción, colaboración e impacto, este trabajo investiga los artículos científicos brasileños de Física de Altas Energías (FAE) indexados por el Science Citation Index (SCI) de la Web of Science (WoS) en el período de 1983-2013. Hicieron parte del estudio todas las publicaciones en revistas incluidas en la categoría de materias Physics, Particles & Fields. Los datos fueron organizados y analizados con ayuda de los softwares Bibexcel, UCINET, Gephi, Philcarto, SPSS, R y Excel 2007. Los 6.350 artículos sugieren que el crecimiento de la producción anual puede haber sido consecuencia de la expansión de los Programas de Postgrado con líneas de investigación FAE y grupos del Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), de la participación de Brasil en las colaboraciones internacionales y de la institución de la Rede Nacional de Física de Altas Energias (RENAFAE). La distribución de los artículos por Web of Science Category (WC) demostró que la área centraliza la publicación en un número reducido de periódicos extranjeros de lengua inglesa, con realce para Physical Review D (PRD). Astronomía & Astrofísica con 45,63% y Física Nuclear con 18,66% de participación fueron las categorías predominantes. Los científicos brasileños más productivos son de la subárea experimental y pertenecen a instituciones públicas del eje Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo. Las universidades fueron responsables por 80,92% de la producción. La co-autoría entre individuos creció durante el período, registrando media de 155,89 autores por artículo. El estudio por muestreo demostró que la fracción de publicaciones de autoria única (11,39%) está vinculada a la Física Teórica. Tanto el crecimiento del número de artículos como el de colaboraciones se ajustan al modelo de regresión lineal. La disminución de la media de las instituciones por artículo cuando consideradas solamente las nacionales, denota a preferencia por la colaboración internacional debido a los costos y complejidad de las investigaciones. Los análisis de MDS y clusters confirman la existencia de grupos regionales. La media de países por artículo es de 4,87. La proporción de co-autorías internacionales de la FAE (49,07%) es superior a las tasas verificadas en la producción científica brasileña en los últimos años. El predominio de investigadores extranjeros en la red de colaboración confirma la internacionalización de la actividad y la presencia de Brasil en los experimentos multinacionales. Los indicadores absolutos muestran que los EE.UU., Rusia y Francia son los principales socios. Los indicadores relativos exponen un proceso de descentralización y diversificación de las colaboraciones nacionales, con presencia relevante de Colombia y países del este europeo. El impacto de la investigación en FAE señala que los artículos brasileños recibieron 78.812 citas provenientes de 41,152 documentos. Los datos muestran que 87,65% de las publicaciones fueron citadas una o más veces en el período. Las características generales de los citandos revelan el predominio del artículo publicado en revista extranjera en lengua inglesa. La Física de Partículas y Campos con 36,24% y la Astronomía & Astrofísica con 21,17% de participación fueron las categorías citandas salientes. Los documentos internacionales representan 88,15% de las citas, con distinción para las publicaciones de Estados Unidos, Alemania e Italia. El Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) se destaca entre las instituciones de los autores citandos. Concluye que la FAE tiene reconocimiento internacional, sin embargo, el aumento de la participación en las colaboraciones multinacionales y la intensificación de la actividad científica en la subárea experimental pueden darle al Brasil el status de los países desarrollados.

La notion de données semi-structureées est liée au monde du web. On appelle donnée semi-structurée une donnée dont le schéma n'est pas défini a priori. Par exemple, il peut s'agir d'une page HTML, d'un site Web tout entier ou encore d'un document XML. Cette thèse étudie les requêtes sur les données modélisées par des graphes. Plus précisément, on s'intéresse à différents langages de requêtes associés. Dans le cas des graphes orientés, on utilise des techniques de réécriture et d'automates pour étudier - à des fins d'optimisation de requêtes - les contraintes d'inclusions. Elles portent sur les chemins qui permettent de naviguer dans la donnée. Par ailleurs, on génère un index d'une donnée qui préserve toutes les contraintes d'inclusions. Ensuite, on étend cette étude pour obtenir le concept de requête graphe. Appliqué au cas des documents "XML coloré", elles permettent d'étudier formellement l'expressivité et la complexité de langages de requêtes inspirés de XPath et de XQuery. Enfin, les résultats théoriques sont validés par des expérimentations.

M.Phil
Citing is the process by which scholars give recognition to research used by another academic researcher. Citation resources are tools used by academic scholars for keeping track of who did what research and the impact of the research within the discipline. Citation analysis is therefore an attempt to measure the impact and contribution of a study to the body of knowledge and research. Citation tracking and citation analysis is facilitated by making use of information resources which specialize in citations and tools for conducting citation analysis. The citation resource by The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Web of Science (WOS), was traditionally the citation tool of choice of academics for more than 40 years. The arrival in 2004 of Scopus, a fee-based citation resource, and Google Scholar (GS), a citation resource available for free and accessible via the Web, presented WOS with competition. The prolific growth of the citation resources created new opportunities for academics in citation tracking and citation analysis. The question of which citation resource to use in the process of tracking citations and conducting citation analysis posed a challenge to librarians and information professionals at academic institutions. It became essential to establish which citation resource was not only most relevant to use for which subject discipline, but which was the most cost-effective with the advent of shrinking library budgets. Therefore the need arose for citation resources to be compared with the aim of establishing whether the newcomers Scopus and GS are substitutes for or complementary to the traditional WOS. The objectives of this study included comparing WOS, Scopus and GS in order to determine whether evaluation criteria existed for citation resources, to define scholarly environmental sciences journals within a South African context, to determine which citation resource presented the most comprehensive citation coverage of the South African scholarly environmental sciences journals, to determine whether GS could be considered a substitute for the fee-based citation resources WOS and Scopus, and to determine how the content of the exported data for the journal sample population compared in terms of content completeness and quality. The research study consisted of a detailed literature review, followed by an empirical component using a comparative research design and the technique of purposive non-probability sampling in order to define the sample population for the study. The South African scholarly environmental sciences journals internationally accredited during the period 2004-2008 were chosen as the sample target population. The study consisted of a pilot study and three measuring instruments that were compiled based on the literature review. The results of the macro-level evaluation established that Scopus surpasses both WOS and GS. On the other hand, the micro-level evaluation concluded that WOS surpasses Scopus and GS. The content verification process conducted determined that Scopus and WOS both surpass GS. These findings were presented at the 12th Annual World Wide Web Applications conference in September 2010. The study was able to establish that GS is not a substitute for WOS and/or Scopus for the South African scholarly environmental sciences journals. In addition, it was concluded that GS can be used as a supplementary citation resource to the fee-based citation resources WOS and Scopus. It was further determined that the citation resource Scopus can be considered a substitute for WOS, which was traditionally the citation resource of choice of academic researchers.

This study examines the differences between Scopus and Web of Science in the citation counting, citation ranking, and h-index of 22 top human-computer interaction (HCI) researchers from EQUATOR--a large British Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration project. Results show that Scopus provides significantly more coverage of HCI literature than Web of Science, primarily due to coverage of relevant ACM and IEEE peer-reviewed conference proceedings. No significant differences exist between the two databases if citations in journals only are compared. Although broader coverage of the literature does not significantly alter the relative citation ranking of individual researchers, Scopus helps distinguish between the researchers in a more nuanced fashion than Web of Science in both citation counting and h-index. Scopus also generates significantly different maps of citation networks of individual scholars than those generated by Web of Science. The study also presents a comparison of h-index scores based on Google Scholar with those based on the union of Scopus and Web of Science. The study concludes that Scopus can be used as a sole data source for citation-based research and evaluation in HCI, especially if citations in conference proceedings are sought and that h scores should be manually calculated instead of relying on system calculations.

The two Journal Citation Reports of the Science Citation Index 2004 and the Social Science Citation Index 2004 were combined in order to analyze and map journals and specialties at the edges and in the overlap between the two databases. For journals which belong to the overlap (e.g., Scientometrics), the merger mainly enriches our insight into the structure which can be obtained from the two databases separately; but in the case of scientific journals which are more marginal in either database, the combination can provide a new perspective on the position and function of these journals (e.g., Environment and Planning Bâ Planning and Design). The combined database additionally enables us to map citation environments in terms of the various specialties comprehensively. Using the vector-space model, visualizations are provided for specialties that are parts of the overlap (information science, science & technology studies). On the basis of the resulting visualizations, â betweennessâ â a measure from social network analysisâ is suggested as an indicator for measuring the interdisciplinarity of journals. This paper is forthcoming in Scientometrics.

This is a presentation (22 slides) at the XXVI Annual Charleston Conference November 4-11, 2006 Charleston, South Carolina, of a study which examined how well three citation tracking tools (Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science) cover two subject areas (physics and oncology) in two years (1993 and 2003). In a previous study (data collected in November 2005), Web of Science returned the highest average number of citations for 1993 articles in both subjects. Scopus returned the highest number for 2003 articles in oncology and Web of Science in physics. Furthermore, the study examined the overlap as well as unique citations returned by the three tools. (See http://www.bio-diglib.com/content/3/1/7). Data were updated in September 2006, and these new results are reported.

Examining a comprehensive set of papers (n = 1837) that were accepted for publication by the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition (one of the prime chemistry journals in the world) or rejected by the journal but then published elsewhere, this study tested the extent to which the use of the freely available database Google Scholar (GS) can be expected to yield valid citation counts in the field of chemistry. Analyses of citations for the set of papers returned by three fee-based databases – Science Citation Index, Scopus, and Chemical Abstracts – were compared to the analysis of citations found using GS data. Whereas the analyses using citations returned by the three fee-based databases show very similar results, the results of the analysis using GS citation data differed greatly from the findings using citations from the fee-based databases. Our study therefore supports, on the one hand, the convergent validity of citation analyses based on data from the fee-based databases and, on the other hand, the lack of convergent validity of the citation analysis based on the GS data.

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (forthcoming).
Forthcoming in the Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. Abstract: The journal structure in the China Scientific and Technical Papers and Citations Database (CSTPCD) is analysed from three perspectives: the database level, the specialty level and the institutional level (i.e., university journals versus journals issued by the Chinese Academy of Sciences). The results are compared with those for (Chinese) journals included in the Science Citation Index. The frequency of journal-journal citation relations in the CSTPCD is an order of magnitude lower than in the SCI. Chinese journals, especially high-quality journals, prefer to cite international journals rather than domestic ones. However, Chinese journals do not get an equivalent reception from their international counterparts. The international visibility of Chinese journals is low, but varies among fields of science. Journals of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) have a better reception in the international scientific community than university journals.

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology [JASIST] (forthcoming)
To be published in Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology 57(12) (2006) 1616-1628. Abstract: Co-occurrence matrices, such as co-citation, co-word, and co-link matrices, have been used widely in the information sciences. However, confusion and controversy have hindered the proper statistical analysis of this data. The underlying problem, in our opinion, involved understanding the nature of various types of matrices. This paper discusses the difference between a symmetrical co-citation matrix and an asymmetrical citation matrix as well as the appropriate statistical techniques that can be applied to each of these matrices, respectively. Similarity measures (like the Pearson correlation coefficient or the cosine) should not be applied to the symmetrical co-citation matrix, but can be applied to the asymmetrical citation matrix to derive the proximity matrix. The argument is illustrated with examples. The study then extends the application of co-occurrence matrices to the Web environment where the nature of the available data and thus data collection methods are different from those of traditional databases such as the Science Citation Index. A set of data collected with the Google Scholar search engine is analyzed using both the traditional methods of multivariate analysis and the new visualization software Pajek that is based on social network analysis and graph theory.

碩士
淡江大學
資訊與圖書館學系碩士班
93
Citedness score is a widely accepted metric for the quality of scholarly literatures, therefore, the forming calculation and corresponsive consequence of citation counts becomes of importance for academic researchers, especially for the research assessment. However, the distinction of citedness score exists in heterogeneous information systems resulted from considerations for system construction and development, such as purpose, procedure and policy of data processing, and that would bring various meanings and impacts for citedness score. This paper aims to examine the distinctive factors and results on calculation of citedness score of scholarly literatures between SCIE and Scopus by adoption of comparison as research methodology. In this empirical study, we selected 372 research papers from research grant publications of the College of Engineering at Tamkang University, and 251 engineering journals published in Taiwan and the Mainland China as research subject to test the citation counts from SCIE and Scopus simultaneously. As a consequence, one may generalize that four factors heavily impacts on the different citedness scores between SCIE and Scopus and factors are: coverage of collected data, integrity of cited references, quality of citation record and citation pointer between citing and cited references. Based on our results in this study, one may draw conclusions in the following: 1.In addition to the amount of scholarly literatures determined by citation information system producers, citation counts are also varied resulted from the selection policy, especially concerning about comprehensiveness of journal coverage and type of scholarly literatures, such as conference proceedings and so on. 2.It has proven to be economical effectiveness for the use of core journals, according to the citation counts both of SCIE and Scopus. 3.Record fields and style of cited references collected by information systems has a far–reaching influence on calculation of citation counts. 4.The distinctive recognition on granularity of references for scholarly literatures between SCIE and Scopus also deeply impact the calculation of citation counts. 5.The policy of quality assurance on data verification and correction is another influential factor resulting in various calculations of citation counts. 6.Errors stemmed from misquotation of original scholarly literatures get the accuracy of citation counts into disputable. 7.The errors from production of information system are much worse than those stemmed from misquotation of original scholarly literatures, such as omission of cited references, record linkage errors and so on. Based on the conclusions above, five suggestions for improving citedness score of information systems are raised as follows: 1.To expand the data coverage of journals into the other scholarly literatures, such as conference papers. 2.To enhance quality assurance on citations. 3.To record the fullness of paper title and author rather than in an abbreviation ways, in order to facilitate the identification of cited and citing references. 4.To build up a consistent policy for inclusion of cited references. 5.To adopt record identifier mechanism for reference pointer function, instead of reference-matching one.

This thesis describes bibliometric indicators and bibliometric methods and presents their potential practical application on the analysis of the Czech scientific journal Czechoslovak Psychology. The introduction provides a historical development of bibliometry, a scientific classification of bibliometry and presents some of the main thinkers in the field. The thesis then continues with the exploration of bibliographic methods and laws and sets them into wider context with the issue of current evaluation of scientific journals and the issue of the scientific work itself. The research deals with the scientific journal Czechoslovak Psychology and the subject of psychology is briefly presented to the reader. The practical part of the research focuses on the use of bibliometric methods in the qualitative analysis of data from Web of Science and Scopus citation databases, these registers are compared with each other. The conclusion presents the results from this bibliometric analysis and suggests recommendations for further bibliometric research.

The Institute for Scientific Information's (ISI) citation databases have been used for decades as a starting point and often as the only tools for locating citations and/or conducting citation analyses. ISI databases (or Web of Science [WoS]), however, may no longer be sufficient because new databases and tools that allow citation searching are now available. Using citations to the work of 25 library and information science faculty members as a case study, this paper examines the effects of using Scopus and Google Scholar (GS) on the citation counts and rankings of scholars as measured by WoS. Overall, more than 10,000 citing and purportedly citing documents were examined. Results show that Scopus significantly alters the relative ranking of those scholars that appear in the middle of the rankings and that GS stands out in its coverage of conference proceedings as well as international, non-English language journals. The use of Scopus and GS, in addition to WoS, helps reveal a more accurate and comprehensive picture of the scholarly impact of authors. WoS data took about 100 hours of collecting and processing time, Scopus consumed 200 hours, and GS a grueling 3,000 hours.

Design patterns have the potential to provide the reuse of the same solution over and over again in different instances of the same problem, to improve the quality of an application and to reduce the cost of design and development. Design patterns are becoming popular for both software and hypermedia applications. The number of hypermedia design patterns is increasing and different authors are writing them in different notations. To be effective, these patterns should be collected into a repository writing them in a uniform notation and the relationships among the patterns should be identified which will increase the understandability and usability of those patterns. In this thesis, design patterns are collected by tracing different publications; and a system of patterns for Web navigation is created by forming a catalog in a uniform notation, identifying the relationships among the patterns, describing their evolution and refinements and providing guidelines for implementation of the patterns. The patterns included in this system are implemented into a framework that is intended to be used to navigate an information space on the Web.

Using the proper search engine is crucial for efficient and effective web search. The objective of this thesis is to develop methodologies to evaluate search engines in a systematic and reliable manner. A new model for evaluation and comparison of search engines is proposed. This hierarchical model classifies the most common features found in search engines and search results into groups and subgroups. To illustrate the usefulness of the proposed model, several Chinese search engines are evaluated and compared as a case study. It is also very important to evaluate the performance of a search engine over time. Three performance measurement metrics are formulated for this purpose. Performance results for English and Chinese search engines are represented by histograms for visual inspection. The histograms are classified into groups to facilitate the interpretation of the performance metrics and examination of the associated behaviours of the search engines. An automated classification method is developed that eliminates the subjectivity and ambiguity found in visual classification of the histograms.

Indexing data for efficient search capabilities is a core problem in many domains of computer science. As applications centered around semantic data sources become more common, the need for more sophisticated indexing and querying capabilities arises. In particular, the need to search for specific information in the presence of a terminology or ontology (i.e. a set of logic based rules that describe concepts and their relations) becomes of particular importance, as the information a user seeks may exists as an entailment of the explicit data by means of the terminology. This variant on traditional indexing and search problems forms the foundation of a range of possible technologies for semantic data. In this work, we propose an ordering language for specifying partial orders over semantic data items modeled as descriptions in a description logic. We then show how these orderings can be used as the basis of a search tree index for processing \emph{concept searches} in the presence of a terminology. We study in detail the properties of the orderings and the associated index structure, and also explore a relationship between ordering descriptions called \emph{order refinement}. A sound and complete procedure for deciding refinement is given. We also empirically evaluate a prototype implementation of our index structure, validating its potential efficacy in semantic query problems.

This thesis presents space-efficient algorithms to sample from random web graphs generated by two important stochastic graph models based on concept of copying: the linear copy model and the hostgraph model. The goal is to avoid constructing the entire random graph, and instead use an amount of space nearer to the desired (smaller) sample size. The efficiency of our algorithms is achieved by refraining from making unnecessary random decisions when constructing the sample. The construc- tion of a sample subgraph from a random graph with n nodes and k outgoing links on each node based on the linear copying model uses an expected O(klnn) words for each node in the sample subgraph. The construction of a sample subgraph from a random graph with n nodes based on the hostgraph model uses, for any small sample size, an expected n+o(n) words.

The thesis focuses on the evaluation of Research and Development in the Czech Republic. The introductory part of thesis highlights the recency of the topic and describes the quantitative and qualitative methods of assessing outlets of science. The second part of the thesis discusses in detail the evaluation of science in the Czech Republic; the legislative framework and the evaluation of Research and Development are mentioned. The third chapter shows the evaluation of institutional Research and Development and uses the 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague as an example. The core of the thesis is the fourth chapter with an analysis of selected primary scientometric data. The final part summarizes the entire topic and highlights some problem areas [Author's abstract].

We look at the underlying friendships and relationships between Chinese Internet users. We identify the presence and characteristics of the different types of online friendships and online relationships by analyzing various online social networks. First, we look at the concept of guanxi as it is applied to the interaction between web sites. Guanxi is a type of dyadic social interaction based on feelings and trust which has been well studied by scholars in China. We define guanxi in the web: particular linking patterns that appear in the web as well as supporting textual evidence in the web pages which we believe are indicative of the presence and varying strengths of the underlying guanxi between Chinese web site owners. Through our empirical study of the Chinese web, the general web, and the Japanese, Iranian, and French web, we show that guanxi between web sites is a more prevalent feature in the Chinese web. Next, we study the formation of online friendships in Douban, an online social networking platform frequently used by the youth in China. We look at several factors that can affect the evolution of friendships such as having memberships in the same discussion groups and sharing common interests or common friends. We compare these factors in influencing the formation of online friendships. Our work provides the first study on the underlying relationships between web sites in the Chinese web and the first large scale empirical analysis on the evolution of friendships in a Chinese online social network.

Web applications have become increasingly popular in recent years. They are widely used in security-critical areas, such as financial, medical, and military systems. Meanwhile, the number and sophistication of attacks against web applications have increased rapidly. It is important for organizations and companies to add security functions to existing web application servers in order to maintain the confidentiality of critical information. One common approach to protect web systems is to build an Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS). In this thesis, we propose an IDPS framework to detect and prevent web attacks by employing Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) and Autonomic Computing (AC) technologies. This framework can also be used to discover whether a web application under protection has abilities to prevent certain web attacks itself. We developed a prototyping tool to implement the functionality of this framework partially. We evaluated this tool on two Java web applications to detect and prevent Cross Scripting Site (XSS) and Structured Query Language (SQL) Injection, which are two of the most common web attacks. The experimental results show that the prototyping tool based on AOP and AC technologies can be applied to detect and prevent the two common web attacks effectively.

Described as accommodating both traditional and new information spaces (Fourie 2002: 53), the Web has significantly changed the milieu of research and study. The study determined how this changing research and study environment has affected the research behaviour of students in African higher education environments, specifically at the research entry level of master's degree programmes. The study examined both explicit examples of the affect of the Web on students' citation behaviour and tacit influences that may have determined the extent of this affect. Explicit examples of the affect of the Web were drawn from analysing changes in the citation patterns of Master of Information Studies (MIS) theses during a period of access to the Web, and specifically in the years 1996, 1999 and 2002. Tacit influences on students' citation behaviour were inferred from an investigation of the level and nature of MIS supervisors' use and support of the Web for research and of a background study of the facilities, resources and services supporting student access to the Web at the University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg. Findings of this study concluded that the use of the Web medium has grown and in 2002 accounted for 17.5% of all citations included in MIS bibliographies. However use of this medium is disparate with a few bibliographies accounting for much of this growth. Findings indicated that the Web medium was mostly utilised for the delivery of sources that do not meet the traditional description of a scholarly source. The study also found that the Web was used as an alternative medium for the delivery of informal and grey literature sources without necessarily increasing the level of use of these sources. The study revealed greater support for this medium from the masters programme's supervisors than was evidenced from a citation analysis of the bibliographies of theses. Disparities in the support of this medium for research, within the University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg's supporting infrastructure was also observed. Recommendations drawn from these conclusions include the need for greater intervention from teaching faculty, librarians and the institution in the provision of clear guidelines of expectations, relevant instruction and sufficient physical access at points of expertise, to effectively support the use of Web resources.
Thesis (M.I.S.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.

This thesis concerns the issues of bibliometrics and scientometrics. The first part is dedicated to the science of information measurement, selected citation databases and bibliometric indicators. The practical part is dedicated to the measurement and quantitative analysis of the documents of the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR in the citation databases of Web of Science and Scopus.

This thesis presents the design and analysis of Spasiba, a context-aware mobile advisor. We argue that current context-aware mobile applications exhibit significant flaws with respect to (1) limited use of context information, (2) incomplete or irrelevant content generation, and (3) low usability. The proposed model attempts to tackle these limitations by advancing the usage and manipulation of context information, automating the back-end systems in terms of self-management and seamless extensibility, and shifting the logic away from the client side. A distinguishing characteristic of Spasiba is the proactive approach to notifying the user of information of interest. In this proactive approach, the user subscribes to the service and receives content updates as the context changes. This proposed model is realised in a proof-of-concept prototype that uses a Nokia Web Runtime widget as the client application. The widget, which sports an elegant, touch-optimised interface, collects multiple context parameters to deliver high-quality results. The server-side architecture employs the publish/subscribe paradigm for managing the active users and Comet—for proactively notifying the clients of updated information of interest. IRS-III, a Semantic Web Services broker, handles the process of content generation. The prototype employs nine data sources, seven of which are open API web services and two of which are regular web pages, to deliver diverse and complete results. A simple autonomic element, implemented with the help of aspect-oriented programming, ensures partial self-management of the back-end systems. Spasiba is evaluated by means of a case study that involves a tourist couple visiting Victoria. The application assists the tourist couple with finding attractions, relevant stores, and places serving food.