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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Web servers Web servers Client/server computing Client/server computing

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Academic literature on the topic 'Web servers Web servers Client/server computing Client/server computing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Web servers Web servers Client/server computing Client/server computing"

1

Gupta, Meenakshi, and Atul Garg. "A Comparative Analysis of Content Delivery Network and Other Techniques for Web Content Delivery." International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 6, no. 4 (October 2015): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssmet.2015100104.

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Web content delivery is based on client-server model. In this model, all the web requests for specific contents are serviced by a single web server as the requested contents reside only on one server. Therefore, with the increasing reliance on the web, the load on the web servers is increasing, thus causing scalability, reliability and performance issues for the web service providers. Various techniques have been implemented to handle these issues and improve the Quality of Service of the web content delivery to end-users such as clustering of servers, client-side caching, proxy server caching, mirroring of servers, multihoming and Content Delivery Network (CDN). This paper gives an analytical and comparative look on these approaches. It also compares CDN with other distributed systems such as grid, cloud and peer-to-peer computing.

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Singh, Harikesh, and Shishir Kumar. "Dispatcher Based Dynamic Load Balancing on Web Server System." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 1, no. 2 (April 2012): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2012040102.

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The traffic increasing in the network creates bulk congestion while the bulk transfer of data evolves. Performance evaluation and high availability of servers are important factors to resolve this problem using various cluster based systems. There are several low-cost servers using the load sharing cluster system which are connected to high speed networks, and apply load balancing technique between servers. It offers high computing power and high availability. A distributed website server can provide scalability and flexibility to manage with emergent client demands. Efficiency of a replicated web server system will depend on the way of distributed incoming requests among these replicas. A distributed Web-server architectures schedule client requests among the multiple server nodes in a user-transparent way that affects the scalability and availability. The aim of this paper is the development of a load balancing techniques on distributed Web-server systems.

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Afriansyah, Muhammad Faizal, Adian Fatchur Rochim, and Eko Didik Widianto. "Rancang Bangun Layanan Cloud Computing Berbasis IaaS Menggunakan Virtualbox." Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2015): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.3.1.2015.87-94.

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Today, the growth of technology is very fast and a lot of technology that can facilitate users in helping their activity is made. A technology need a server to store both systems and users data. More users needed more servers to store user data. The server room became full and needed the extra space so that it required high cost to build the server and the server space itself. The purpose of this research is to create an IaaS based server virtualization that is connected to a router, switch, virtual client and administrator with VirtualBox application. The purpose of this research can be achieved by designing an appropriate research’s methodology. There are 5 stages of implementation/methodology in building virtualization server at this research which are the system definition, requirements specification, system configuration, system testing, and system analysis. First, phase of the definition system is by describing a system of early identification, system requirements and network topology on the implemented system. The second phase is the specification requirements to determine specifications hardware and software. The hardware consists of a computer with resources 8GB RAM and AMD Phenom II X6 as a processor. The software consists of VirtualBox and operating systems. The third stage is the system configuration to declare the source code in application on each server, routers and switches to perform the function of each device. The final stage is system testing and system analysis by checking the system is ready to use and works the best. Results in this research show IaaS-based server virtualization can be connected to display a web page on all clients through virtual switches and routers on a computer.

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Antonova, Аlfiia, and Svitlana Bartkova. "An overview of the advantages of cloud computing and online IDE." Automation of technological and business processes 12, no. 3 (November 5, 2020): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/atbp.v12i3.1927.

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The article discusses cloud computing and their impact on the field of software development, and analyzes several issues of developers that can be solved using the online IDE. Usage of cloud computing in the enterprise is not new, and it is not difficult in terms of implementation. That is why it is gaining popularity. First, due to the large number of technologies that allow you to optimize internal processes. Secondly, due to the large number of giant companies and small businesses that use these technologies. Cloud computing is very interesting in financial terms. After all, they allow not spending money on building and supporting the infrastructure. One can also not worry about risks, such as, for example, equipment that affects the system, weather conditions, and so on. It takes on all these moments. Evolving of architectural solutions also increases the impact on cloud technology. A service-oriented approach to software development is becoming increasingly popular. It is less and less possible to see the usual thin client and a single server-monolith. Clients are becoming more complex, attracting part of the business logic, servers are divided into parts, each of which is responsible for a particular part of the subject area, and in some cases may not know about the existence of others. The IDE, which requires developers for programming, also has analogs on the web platform. The online IDE has its advantages for solving some tasks and has become increasingly popular lately. Users of the online IDE can create, run, and customize software that works with a simple browser. The main goal of this study is to determine the main advantages of cloud technologies in the application development process, analyze the segment of online IDE. Based on these data to identify the main situations that determine their use, predict further development, and identify principles and technologies used in this area.

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Archana, E., V. Dickson Irudaya Raj, M. Vidhya, and J. S. Umashankar. "Secured information exchange in cloud using cross breed property based encryption." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.9 (March 1, 2018): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.9.9823.

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Individuals have the ability to get to the web anyplace and whenever. Distributed computing is an idea that treats the assets on the Internet as a brought together element, to be specific cloud. The server farm administrators virtualized the assets as per the necessities of the clients and uncover them as capacity pools, which the clients can themselves use to store documents or information protest s. Physically, the assets may get put away over numerous servers. Thus, Data heartiness is a noteworthy prerequisite for such stockpiling frameworks. In this paper we have proposed one approach to give information power that is by imitating the message with the end goal that every capacity server stores a duplicate of the message. We have improved the safe distributed storage framework by utilizing a limit intermediary re-encryption strategy. This encryption conspire bolsters decentralized deletion codes connected over scrambled messages and information sending operations over encoded and encoded messages. Our framework is exceedingly dispersed where every capacity server freely encodes and forward messages and key servers autonomously perform incomplete decoding.

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Gurusaran, M., P. Sivaranjan, K. S. Dinesh Kumar, P. Radha, K. P. S. Thulaa Tharshan, S. N. Satheesh, K. Jayanthan, et al. "Hydrogen Bonds Computing Server (HBCS): an online web server to compute hydrogen-bond interactions and their precision." Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no. 2 (February 24, 2016): 642–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576716002041.

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Hydrogen bonds in biological macromolecules play significant structural and functional roles. They are the key contributors to most of the interactions without which no living system exists. In view of this, a web-based computing server, the Hydrogen Bonds Computing Server (HBCS), has been developed to compute hydrogen-bond interactions and their standard deviations for any given macromolecular structure. The computing server is connected to a locally maintained Protein Data Bank (PDB) archive. Thus, the user can calculate the above parameters for any deposited structure, and options have also been provided for the user to upload a structure in PDB format from the client machine. In addition, the server has been interfaced with the molecular viewers Jmol and JSmol to visualize the hydrogen-bond interactions. The proposed server is freely available and accessible via the World Wide Web at http://bioserver1.physics.iisc.ernet.in/hbcs/.

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Sharma, Amit. "HULK and DDoS Attacks in Web Applications with Detection Mechanism." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 6 (June 29, 2018): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i6.268.

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Distributed Denial of Service attacks are significant dangers these days over web applications and web administrations. These assaults pushing ahead towards application layer to procure furthermore, squander most extreme CPU cycles. By asking for assets from web benefits in gigantic sum utilizing quick fire of solicitations, assailant robotized programs use all the capacity of handling of single server application or circulated environment application. The periods of the plan execution is client conduct checking and identification. In to beginning with stage by social affair the data of client conduct and computing individual user’s trust score will happen and Entropy of a similar client will be ascertained. HTTP Unbearable Load King (HULK) attacks are also evaluated. In light of first stage, in recognition stage, variety in entropy will be watched and malevolent clients will be recognized. Rate limiter is additionally acquainted with stop or downsize serving the noxious clients. This paper introduces the FAÇADE layer for discovery also, hindering the unapproved client from assaulting the framework.

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Kumar, K. S. Dinesh, M. Gurusaran, S. N. Satheesh, P. Radha, S. Pavithra, K. P. S. Thulaa Tharshan, John R. Helliwell, and K. Sekar. "Online_DPI: a web server to calculate the diffraction precision index for a protein structure." Journal of Applied Crystallography 48, no. 3 (April 25, 2015): 939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576715006287.

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An online computing server,Online_DPI(where DPI denotes the diffraction precision index), has been created to calculate the `Cruickshank DPI' value for a given three-dimensional protein or macromolecular structure. It also estimates the atomic coordinate error for all the atoms available in the structure. It is an easy-to-use web server that enables users to visualize the computed values dynamically on the client machine. Users can provide the Protein Data Bank (PDB) identification code or upload the three-dimensional atomic coordinates from the client machine. The computed DPI value for the structure and the atomic coordinate errors for all the atoms are included in the revised PDB file. Further, users can graphically view the atomic coordinate error along with `temperature factors' (i.e.atomic displacement parameters). In addition, the computing engine is interfaced with an up-to-date local copy of the Protein Data Bank. New entries are updated every week, and thus users can access all the structures available in the Protein Data Bank. The computing engine is freely accessible online at http://cluster.physics.iisc.ernet.in/dpi/.

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A., Selvakumar, and Gunasekaran G. "A Novel Approach of Load Balancing and Task Scheduling Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm." International Journal of Software Innovation 7, no. 2 (April 2019): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2019040102.

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Cloud computing is a model for conveying data innovation benefits in which assets are recovered from the web through online devices and applications, instead of an immediate association with a server. Clients can set up and boot the required assets and they need to pay just for the required assets. Subsequently, later on giving a component to a productive asset administration and the task will be a vital target of Cloud computing. Load balancing is one of the major concerns in cloud computing, and the main purpose of it is to satisfy the requirements of users by distributing the load evenly among all servers in the cloud to maximize the utilization of resources, to increase throughput, provide good response time and to reduce energy consumption. To optimize resource allocation and ensure the quality of service, this article proposes a novel approach for load-balancing based on the enhanced ant colony optimization.

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Boldrin, Fabio, Chiara Taddia, and Gianluca Mazzini. "Web Distributed Computing Systems Implementation and Modeling." International Journal of Adaptive, Resilient and Autonomic Systems 1, no. 1 (January 2010): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaras.2010071705.

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This article proposes a new approach for distributed computing. The main novelty consists in the exploitation of Web browsers as clients, thanks to the availability of JavaScript, AJAX and Flex. The described solution has two main advantages: it is client-free, so no additional programs have to be installed to perform the computation, and it requires low CPU usage, so client-side computation is no invasive for users. The solution is developed using both AJAX and Adobe®Flex® technologies embedding a pseudo-client into a Web page that hosts the computation. While users browse the hosting Web page, computation takes place resolving single sub-problems and sending the solution to the server-side part of the system. Our client-free solution is an example of high resilient and auto-administrated system that is able to organize the scheduling of the processes and the error management in an autonomic manner. A mathematical model has been developed over this solution. The main goals of the model are to describe and classify different categories of problems on the basis of the feasibility and to find the limits in the dimensioning of the scheduling systems to have convenience in the use of this approach. The new architecture has been tested through different performance metrics by implementing two examples of distributed computing, the cracking of an RSA cryptosystem through the factorization of the public key and the correlation index between samples in genetic data sets. Results have shown good feasibility of this approach both in a closed environment and also in an Internet environment, in a typical real situation.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Web servers Web servers Client/server computing Client/server computing"

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Case, Shane. "Remora aggressive power management for Apache HTTPD web server /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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Cross, Patrick L. "Fuzzy reliability modeling of distributed client-server systems." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1998. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=149.

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Ozkan, Gokhan. "Web based database processing for Turkish Navy Officers in USA." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02sep%5FOzkan.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2002.
Thesis advisor(s): William J. Haga, Gary Porter. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63). Also available online.

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Youn, Hoony C. (Hoony Chong). "Web based client/server computing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40571.

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Hefner, Wayne. "A Java based client server database web application." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 2000. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 2000.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 3187. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaf. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-76).

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Sun, Hua. "Telephone directory web service." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2421.

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Teesri, Sumuscha. "Implementation business-to-business electronic commerce website using active server pages." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3023.

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E-commerce is the current approach for doing any type of business online, which uses the superior power of digital information to understand the requirements and preferences of each client and each partner, to adapt products and services for them, and then to distribute the products and services as swiftly as possible.

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Boutkhil, Soumaya. "A study and implementation of an electronic commerce website using active server pages." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1894.

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The purpose of this project is to design an electronic commerce site for MarocMart company. MarocMart.com is an one-stop shopping company for a number of high quality products: carpets, jewelry, pottery, wood, leather, metals, and fashion items, etc... Each article is unique, hand-made by Moroccan craftsmen.

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Chen, Xiaowei. "Measurement, analysis and improvement of BitTorrent Darknets." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2013. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1545.

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Lee, Min-Wei. "Vacation system." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2829.

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The purpose of this project was to explore the use of Web services to solve enterprise computing problems. XML-based Web services allow complex information systems to be subdivided. In order to explore this architectural paradigm, two systems were built: an employee records sytem, and a vacation system.

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Books on the topic "Web servers Web servers Client/server computing Client/server computing"

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The complete guide to servers and server+. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning, 2007.

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Inc, ebrary, ed. Lighttpd: Installing, compiling, configuring, optimizing, and securing this lightning-fast Web Server. Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing, 2008.

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Server load balancing. Beijing ; Sebastopol, Calif: O'Reilly, 2001.

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Building NT 4 Web servers. 2nd ed. Albany, NY: Coriolis Group Books, 1997.

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Inc, ebrary, ed. Microsoft SharePoint server 2010 bible. Indianapolis, Ind: Wiley Pub., Inc, 2010.

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Jason, Nadrowski, ed. SharePoint 2003 advanced concepts. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Addison-Wesley, 2006.

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Building and maintaining an NT Web server. Scottsdale, AZ: Coriolis Group Books, 1996.

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John, Mueller. Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 for dummies. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley Pub., 2009.

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Bauer, Michael D. Building secure servers with Linux. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly, 2003.

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Building secure servers with Linux. Beijing: O'Reilly, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Web servers Web servers Client/server computing Client/server computing"

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Abbas, Ash Mohammad, and Ravindra Kumar. "A Client Perceived Performance Evaluation of Web Servers." In Advances in Computing and Communications, 307–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22714-1_32.

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Liu, Baoqin. "Web Information Transfer Between Android Client and Server." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 435–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69096-4_60.

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Gohel, Hardik, and Priyanka Sharma. "Intelligent Web Security Testing with Threat Assessment and Client Server Penetration." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 555–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0135-2_54.

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Bhatt, Haresh S., V. H. Patel, and A. K. Aggarwal. "Web Enabled Client-Server Model for Development Environment of Distributed Image Processing." In Grid Computing — GRID 2000, 135–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44444-0_13.

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Sueishi, Junichiro, and Hiroshi Morihisa. "The System Enhancement Method for Combining a Legacy Client-Server System and a Web Based New System." In Distributed Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Bioinformatics, Soft Computing, and Ambient Assisted Living, 412–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02481-8_58.

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Aijaz, Fahad. "Mobile Web Services for P2P Computing." In Developing Advanced Web Services through P2P Computing and Autonomous Agents, 133–57. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-973-6.ch008.

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The Information Technology (IT) and Telecommunication (TelCo) sectors face enormous integration challenges, due to the prominent heterogeneity in existing systems. Service-oriented computing tackles such challenges by providing a fundamental platform that facilitates the convergence of distinct domains based on Web Services (WSs). With the mobility and technological advancements, service-oriented computing has been pushed towards the mobile sector enabling P2P Mobile Web Services (MobWSs) provisioning. In this work, we investigate the interaction, architecture and design characteristics of MobWSs for P2P computing. Here, the two MobWS interaction strategies are presented followed by the architectural discussion, enfolding server and client side components, of a resource-oriented MobWS framework. We follow REST design principles to propose an efficient way of architecting P2P MobWS systems, as an alternative to SOAP, enabling significant payload reduction and performance optimization in mobile servers. The detailed performance evaluation is also presented and compared to SOAP based on real-time measurements. By analyzing performance characteristics, we show that REST is a promising technique to architect P2P MobWS systems for resource-constraint mobile nodes.

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Molina, Benjamin, Carlos E. Palau, and Manuel Esteve. "CDN Modeling and Performance." In Next Generation Content Delivery Infrastructures, 1–28. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1794-0.ch001.

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Content Distribution Networks (CDN) appeared a decade ago as a method for reducing latencies, improving performance experienced by Internet users, and limiting the effect of flash-crowds, so as balance load in servers. Content Distribution has evolved in different ways (e.g. cloud computing structures and video streaming distribution infrastructures). The solution proposed in early CDN was the location of several controlled caching servers close to clients, organized and managed by a central control system. Many companies deployed their own CDN infrastructure– and so demonstrating the resulting effectiveness. However, the business model of these networks has evolved from the distribution of static web objects to video streaming. Many aspects of deployment and implementation remain proprietary, evidencing the lack of a general CDN model, although the main design concepts are widely known. In this work, the authors represent the structure of a CDN and the performance of some of its parameters, using queuing theory, simplifying the redirection schema and studying the elements that could determine the improvement in performance. The main contribution of the work is a general expression for a CDN environment and the relationship between different variables like caching hit ratios, network latency, number of surrogates, and server capacity; this proves that the use of CDN outperform the typical client/server architecture.

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Song, Lei, Xining Li, and Jingbo Ni. "A Database Service Discovery Model for Mobile Agents." In Mobile Computing, 858–69. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-054-7.ch070.

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The number of services that will become available in distributed networks (in particular, on the Internet) is expected to grow enormously. Besides classical services such as those offered by printers, scanners, fax machines, and so on, more and more services will be available nowadays. Examples are information access via the Internet, music on demand, Web services, and services that use computational infrastructure that has been deployed within the network. Moreover, the concept of service in mobile agent systems, which will be described in this article, has come into prominence recently. The mobile agent model is a new distributed software development paradigm as compared to the traditional client-server model. Instead of calling operations on servers with some form of synchronization, the user passes on his or her goal to an agent that can migrate within the computational environment and knows how to handle it without being controlled. In brief, mobile agents are active, autonomous, intelligent objects that are able to move between locations in a so-called agent system. Mobile agents must interact with their hosts in order to use their services or to negotiate services with other agents (Song & Li, 2004). Discovering services for mobile agents comes from two considerations. First, the agents possess local knowledge of the network and have a limited functionality, since only agents of limited size and complexity can migrate efficiently in a network and have little overhead. Hence, specific services are required that aim at deploying mobile agents efficiently in the system and the network.

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Boldrin, Fabio, Chiara Taddia, and Gianluca Mazzini. "Web Distributed Computing Systems." In Technological Innovations in Adaptive and Dependable Systems, 181–97. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0255-7.ch011.

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This article proposes a new approach for distributed computing. The main novelty consists in the exploitation of Web browsers as clients, thanks to the availability of Javascript, AJAX and Flex. The described solution has two main advantages: it is client-free, so no additional programs have to be installed to perform the computation, and it requires low CPU usage, so client-side computation is no invasive for users. The solution is developed using both AJAX and Adobe®Flex®technologies embedding a pseudo-client into a Web page that hosts the computation. While users browse the hosting Web page, computation takes place resolving single sub-problems and sending the solution to the server-side part of the system. Our client-free solution is an example of high resilient and auto-administrated system that is able to organize the scheduling of the processes and the error management in an autonomic manner. A mathematical model has been developed over this solution. The main goals of the model are to describe and classify different categories of problems on the basis of the feasibility and to find the limits in the dimensioning of the scheduling systems to have convenience in the use of this approach. The new architecture has been tested through different performance metrics by implementing two examples of distributed computing, the cracking of an RSA cryptosystem through the factorization of the public key and the correlation index between samples in genetic data sets. Results have shown good feasibility of this approach both in a closed environment and also in an Internet environment, in a typical real situation.

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Jayaputera, J. "Partial Global Indexing for Location-Dependent Query Processing." In Encyclopedia of Mobile Computing and Commerce, 739–43. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-002-8.ch124.

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The idea of this article is based on the parallel indexing concept (Taniar & Rahayu, 2002) in which an indexed object residing in a BS is either fully, partially, or not replicated to others BSs. Therefore, every server contains either partial or all indexes of other servers. In our proposed approach, whenever the requested results return from neighboring cells, we append the resulting items to the current cell. This implies that when the next user sends a request, the current cell needs to look up its own index first to verify if the data is in its local storage. If the data is not present, the current server sends a request to the neighboring cells on behalf of the client; otherwise, the current server directly sends the requested query to the client. We have evaluated our proposed approach and showed that the access time can be reduced by a factor of two.The next section of this article describes some related work. We then describe our proposed work and the simulation model, and we compare the performance of our proposed technique to other techniques. Finally, we conclude the article and suggest future work.

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Conference papers on the topic "Web servers Web servers Client/server computing Client/server computing"

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Shen, Weiming, and Hamada H. Ghenniwa. "A Distributed Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Framework Based on Web and Agents." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/cie-34461.

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Web technology is playing an increasingly important role in collaborative product development systems. However, most Web-based applications were developed using client/server architecture for information sharing. This paper presents some results of an on-going research project on developing a distributed multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) framework based on Web and agents. The primary objective is to develop an architectural framework for implementing MDO environments by integrating intelligent agents and Internet/Web based technologies. The principle is to leverage the right technology for the appropriate purpose. Agent-based negotiation is used for computing resource management or load balancing. Web-based interfaces are developed for users to access the MDO software environment and collaborate with each other. Active Web servers provide a way to integrate legacy systems separated by firewalls. The paper describes the proposed framework; presents a prototype environment for blow molded automotive parts design; and addresses some key issues in system implementation.

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Hale, Mark A., James I. Craig, and Dimitri N. Mavris. "A Lean-Server Approach to Enabling Collaboration Using Advanced Design Methods." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dac-8597.

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Abstract The design framework research community utilizes the internet as a facilitator for collaborative activities. The internet provides a platform independent interface and geographic distribution. Information can be easily represented to the end-user using the HyperText Markup Language and can be coded in a reasonable timeframe. A shortcoming of exploiting this technology further is the reliance on existing Web servers to interface with analysis tools and design services. In this case, interactive components require auxiliary processes (called CGI scripts) to be started by the server that are used in an inefficient manner. This model does not provide the user-oriented capability required by standalone applications. Java offers improvements in client-side processing but a server bottleneck still exists. A novel approach using lean-servers is introduced as an alternative method for providing an efficient server-side computing model. In this case, internet requests are brokered directly by the design application by providing a gateway to the application’s programming interface using a HyperText Transfer Protocol compliant layer. This allows requests to be managed directly by the application rather than requiring auxiliary services. Step-by-step directions for implementing this approach using a case study of an existing design framework are given in this paper. A prototype system, called the Systems Programming Architecture for Collaborative Engineering, is described as one scenario for implementing the lean-server technology. Usability of the approach is demonstrated through a Design of Experiments example that is representative of modern design methods. This example also demonstrates collaboration because it executes asynchronously with multi-user intervention at any time during the process. In hindsight, the lean-server approach is an enabling technology for collaborative design and focuses future research direction on the establishment of collaborative design practices.

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Lee, Jae Yeol, Hyun Kim, and Sung-Bae Han. "Web-Enabled Feature-Based Modeling in a Distributed Design Environment." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dfm-8941.

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Abstract Network and Internet technology open up another domain for building future CAD/CAM environments. The environment will be global, network-centric, and spatially distributed. In this paper, we present Web-enabled feature-based modeling in a distributed design environment. The presented approach combines the current feature-based modeling technique with distributed computing and communication technology for supporting product modeling and collaborative design activities over the network. The approach is implemented in a client/server architecture, in which Web-enabled feature modeling clients, neutral feature model server, and other applications communicate with one another via a standard communication protocol. The paper discusses how the neutral feature model supports multiple views and maintains naming consistency between geometric entities of the server and clients as the user edits the part in a client. Moreover, it explains how to minimize the network delay between the server and client according to dynamic feature modeling operations.

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He Guo, Chunyan Guo, Feng Chen, and Hongji Yang. "Wrapping Client-Server Application to Web Services for Internet Computing." In Sixth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Applications and Technologies (PDCAT'05). IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pdcat.2005.256.

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Kim, Hyun, Jae Yeol Lee, and Sung-Bae Han. "Process-Centric Distributed Collaborative Design Based on the Web." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/cie-9081.

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Abstract In this paper, we discuss a distributed collaborative design for embodying concurrent engineering. The concept of a process-centric collaborative design is proposed to progress collaboratively an engineering design. It is implemented in the PEDWorks (Process-centric Engineering Design Workspace) as a prototype system for the Web-based collaborative workspace to integrate design activities in a distributed and heterogeneous computing environment. The PEDWorks has a client/server architecture, which consists of server applications such as a process controller, a design board, a communication server and a CAD server, and the client browsers with a Web-based process-driven user interface. We have conformed to CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) standard to support interoperability between distributed objects and have used JAVA to support cross-platform and distributed user access to PEDWorks on the Web. PEDWorks enables design teams to define the design process collaboratively, execute it in a distributed environment, share design information and communicate with each other.

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Wong, Nathan, Kevin Gucwa, and Harry H. Cheng. "Web-Based Computing in C/C++." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47838.

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An interactive, web-based C/C++ computing environment has been developed to facilitate programming education. An editor with syntax highlighting is provided for students to solve the educational lessons designed to introduce computer programming concepts. The system uses SafeCh, a secure C/C++ interpreter that sandboxes the user to protect against server access, to execute code written by the user. Node.js, a JavaScript framework, is used to interface with SafeCh to redirect user input and output data from client to server and vice versa, creating an interactive programming environment. Users are able to access the learning environment conveniently using any internet-enabled device, including mobile phones and tablets. Most other web-based interactive programming tutorials teach scripting languages such as Python or JavaScript. The few existing web tutorials for C/C++ use server-side compilation and thus lack the same interactivity as is available with this system. Given the increasing popularity of programming education events such as Hour of Code, this web-based computing system can be a simple, interactive method to introduce and teach C/C++.

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Yodo, Kaworu, Ryuji Shioya, Akio Miyoshi, and Takuru Asaumi. "Parallel CAE System for Large Scale Problems Based on HTML5 and WebGL." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70818.

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We have developed a prototype of web based CAE system with HTML5 and WebGL technology and the ADVENTURE system. The main system including solver part is operated on the remote server like a cloud computing and user interface client is operated in a web browser on the Internet devices (including PCs, smartphones, and tablet devices) without any additional software or plug-ins. In this system, we use the ADVENTURE system as server-side CAE system. The ADVENTURE system is a general-purpose computational analysis system we have been developing. Aim of the system is to enable to analyze a three dimensional finite element model of arbitrary shape over 100 million Degrees Of Freedom (DOF) mesh on massive parallel computers like a large-scale PC cluster or a super computer. To solve large scale problem, domain-decomposition-based parallel algorithms are implemented in pre-processes (domain decomposition), main processes (system matrix assembling and solutions) and post-process (visualization) of the ADVENTURE system, respectively. The hierarchical domain decomposition method (HDDM) with the balancing domain decomposition (BDD) as a pre-conditioned iterative solver is adopted in the main processes. Module-based architecture of the system with standardized I/O format and libraries are also developed and employed to attain flexibility, portability, extensibility and maintainability of the whole system. Since the software has become a quite large system, it is not easy to install or operate the system on parallel machines by users. To solve this issue, the authors have been developed CAE system for large scale problems based on computer network. With this system, the main system including solver part is operated on the remote server like a cloud computing and to operate such a system from a client PC through the network. Users need not to touch server system and easy operation on client system was developed. But this system requires for users to install client software, which may become a barrier to start using the system.

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Cheng, Harry H. "A Network Computing Language Environment for Design and Manufacturing." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/dfm-4354.

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Abstract With the development of the World Wide Web (WWW), the computing paradigm has been shifted from the central processing in the 1970s, client/server based computing in 1980s, to today’s network computing. In the network computing, it is not computers on the network, but the network itself is the computer. This fundamental change of computing paradigm is opening up a whole new world of opportunities for design and manufacturing that have not existed before. We have developed a network computing language environment for design and manufacturing. The language environment is a superset of ANSI C. It has also been used for Web-based design of mechanisms, geometrical modeling, machine tool database search, CNC code verification, remote performance monitoring, control of real-time mechatronic systems. This language environment will be presented in comparison with ANSI C in this article. Major extensions to C will be highlighted. Of particular interest are the restricted and safe shells for Web-centric network computing. Details about integration of the language environment with Web server and browser will be described. This language environment and its Web-based application programs are available on the WWW at http://iel.ucdavis.edu.

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Yu, Chan, Nan Liu, Kishore Pochiraju, Souran Manoochehri, and K. H. Ko. "Development of Distributed Computing Framework for Parallel Multi-Disciplinary Optimization." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99496.

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This paper discusses the detailed design and development of a web based parallel multi-disciplinary optimization (PMDO) framework in the distributed computing environment. This system consists of the HTTP server, the XML parser and the communication module based on TCP/IP, and is built around a computational kernel called the ACES kernel, which provides powerful computation and evaluation capabilities as well as optimization routines specifically designed for engineering purposes. We formulate and subdivide an optimization problem into several sub-problems such that one node is designated as a master which solves the overall problem and the others are distributed to client nodes each of which handles each independent sub-optimization problem. In the iteration to solve the overall optimization problem, the master forwards necessary data to each client for updated values which are the solutions of sub-optimization problems and collects the results from all the client nodes. The master continues the iteration until the optimum is reached. All optimization problems are represented in XML form and provided as input to the master and each client node.

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Van Katwyk, Kirk, and Harry H. Cheng. "Xlinkage: A Web-Based Analysis and Simulation Tool for Planar Mechanical Systems." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/dac-3863.

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Abstract Web-based network computing is fundamentally different from domain-based computing. Web-based network computing is accomplished through execution of a collection of small programs across different computer platforms on a network. Most tools currently used for analysis and simulation of mechanical systems, such as ADAMS and I-DEAS, are developed for domain specific applications. These programs are very large with significant initialization overhead and a complicated user interface. They are, therefore, not suitable for analysis of mechanical systems through the World Wide Web. In this paper, a new Web-based paradigm for analysis and simulation of mechanical systems will be presented. Web-based analysis of mechanical systems is not optimally achieved through large programs. Instead, it is accomplished through a collection of small utilities executed on different computers across a network. These small utilities are developed using the CH language environment, a superset of C for network computing. Using a Web browser, small programs can be generated by a Web server on the fly and downloaded through the network, and executed on a local client machine. The details about the implementation of the Xlinkage program for Web-based analysis and simulation of planar mechanical systems as well as its integration with analysis utilities and the WWW will be described in this paper. Because of its modular nature, our Web-based system is simple to use and maintain. It is especially suitable for distance learning. The system has been used as a teaching and learning tool at the University of California, Davis. Mechanism design utilities and the Xlinkage program are available for downloading on the WWW at the URL address http://iel.ucdavis.edu/design/.

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