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Journal articles on the topic 'Web spider'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Willey, Marianne B., and Robert R. Jackson. "Olfactory cues from conspecifics inhibit the web-invasion behavior of Portia, web-invading araneophagic jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 7 (1993): 1415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-195.

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Portia is a genus of web-invading araneophagic spiders that use aggressive mimicry to capture their spider prey. In an experimental study, we demonstrate that adult females of Portia africana, P. fimbriata, P. labiata, and P. schultzi produce olfactory cues that affect the behavior of conspecific adult males, adult females, and juveniles. The olfactory cues of Portia spp. inhibit aggressive mimicry of conspecific spiders that are on a prey spider's web even if the prey spider is visible. This inhibition occurs regardless of the prey spider's web geometry. Prey pursuit by Portia is also inhibit

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Çorak Öcal, İlkay, Nazife Yiğit Kayhan, and Ümmügülsüm Hanife Aktaş. "Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772) Örümceğinin Ağ Yapısı ve Örü Aygıtının Morfolojisi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 3 (2021): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i3.577-583.4073.

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Spiders are one of the groups that best adapted to terrestrial life among in invertebrates and are represented by approximately 48,000 species in the world. Although all spiders do not weave webs, the webs of spiders are literally a work of art. The main reason for spider web weaving is hunting. Some spider species live in the nature dependent on the own web, while others continue to live without being dependent on the own web. Although basic taxonomic features generally remain unchanged, some spider-silk weaving apparatus may undergo adaptive variations. In this study, the web structure of th

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Fisher, David N., Jonathan N. Pruitt, and Justin Yeager. "Orb-weaving spiders show a correlated syndrome of morphology and web structure in the wild." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131, no. 2 (2020): 449–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa104.

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Abstract Extended phenotypes are traits that exist outside the physical body of organisms. Despite their role in the lives of the organisms that express them and other organisms influenced by extended phenotypes, the consistency and covariance with morphological and behavioural traits of extended phenotypes has rarely been evaluated. We repeatedly measured an extended phenotype involved in prey acquisition (web structure) of wild orb-weaving spiders (Micrathena vigorsii), which re-build their webs daily. We related web structure to behaviours and spider body length. Web diameter and web densit

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Zhang, Shichang, Teck Hui Koh, Wee Khee Seah, Yee Hing Lai, Mark A. Elgar, and Daiqin Li. "A novel property of spider silk: chemical defence against ants." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1734 (2011): 1824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2193.

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Spider webs are made of silk, the properties of which ensure remarkable efficiency at capturing prey. However, remaining on, or near, the web exposes the resident spiders to many potential predators, such as ants. Surprisingly, ants are rarely reported foraging on the webs of orb-weaving spiders, despite the formidable capacity of ants to subdue prey and repel enemies, the diversity and abundance of orb-web spiders, and the nutritional value of the web and resident spider. We explain this paradox by reporting a novel property of the silk produced by the orb-web spider Nephila antipodiana (Walc

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Keiser, Carl N., Tobin J. Hammer, and Jonathan N. Pruitt. "Social spider webs harbour largely consistent bacterial communities across broad spatial scales." Biology Letters 15, no. 9 (2019): 20190436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0436.

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Social animals that live in domiciles constructed from biomaterials may facilitate microbial growth. Spider webs are one of the most conspicuous biomaterials in nature, yet almost nothing is known about the potential for webs to harbour microbes, even in social spiders that live in dense, long-term aggregations. Here, we tested whether the dominant bacteria present in social spider webs vary across sampling localities and whether the more permanent retreat web harbours compositionally distinct microbes from the more ephemeral capture webs in the desert social spider, Stegodyphus dumicola . We

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Roberson, Elizabeth J., Michael J. Chips, Walter P. Carson, and Thomas P. Rooney. "Deer herbivory reduces web-building spider abundance by simplifying forest vegetation structure." PeerJ 4 (September 29, 2016): e2538. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2538.

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Indirect ecological effects are a common feature of ecological systems, arising when one species affects interactions among two or more other species. We examined how browsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) indirectly affected the abundance and composition of a web-building spider guild through their effects on the structure of the ground and shrub layers of northern hardwood forests. We examined paired plots consisting of deer-free and control plots in the Allegheny Plateau region Pennsylvania and Northern Highlands region of Wisconsin. We recorded the abundance of seven types

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Mortimer, B. "A Spider’s Vibration Landscape: Adaptations to Promote Vibrational Information Transfer in Orb Webs." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 6 (2019): 1636–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz043.

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Abstract Spider orb webs are used not only for catching prey, but also for transmitting vibrational information to the spider. Vibrational information propagates from biological sources, such as potential prey or mates, but also abiotic sources, such as wind. Like other animals, the spider must cope with physical constraints acting on the propagation of vibrational information along surfaces and through materials—including loss of energy, distortion, and filtering. The spider mitigates these physical constraints by making its orb web from up to five different types of silks, closely controllin

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Mortimer, B., A. Soler, C. R. Siviour, R. Zaera, and F. Vollrath. "Tuning the instrument: sonic properties in the spider's web." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, no. 122 (2016): 20160341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0341.

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Spider orb webs are multifunctional, acting to absorb prey impact energy and transmit vibratory information to the spider. This paper explores the links between silk material properties, propagation of vibrations within webs and the ability of the spider to control and balance web function. Combining experimental and modelling approaches, we contrast transverse and longitudinal wave propagation in the web. It emerged that both transverse and longitudinal wave amplitude in the web can be adjusted through changes in web tension and dragline silk stiffness, i.e. properties that can be controlled

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Blamires, Sean J., Dakota Piorkowski, Angela Chuang, Yi-Hsuan Tseng, Søren Toft, and I.-Min Tso. "Can differential nutrient extraction explain property variations in a predatory trap?" Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 3 (2015): 140479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140479.

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Predators exhibit flexible foraging to facilitate taking prey that offer important nutrients. Because trap-building predators have limited control over the prey they encounter, differential nutrient extraction and trap architectural flexibility may be used as a means of prey selection. Here, we tested whether differential nutrient extraction induces flexibility in architecture and stickiness of a spider's web by feeding Nephila pilipes live crickets (CC), live flies (FF), dead crickets with the web stimulated by flies (CD) or dead flies with the web stimulated by crickets (FD). Spiders in the

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Rao, Dinesh, Ken Cheng, and Marie E. Herberstein. "A natural history of web decorations in the St Andrew's Cross spider (Argiope keyserlingi)." Australian Journal of Zoology 55, no. 1 (2007): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo06010.

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A long-running debate in the spider literature concerns the function of the extra silk decorations in some spider webs. These decorations are appended to the web and constitute a highly visible signal, which is inconsistent with the trend towards web invisibility. Despite the sustained attention of researchers, the exact function of these decorations is yet to be understood. While most studies have focussed on testing particular hypotheses, there has been a dearth of natural history data regarding web decorations in field conditions. In this study we present baseline data regarding the influen

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Harmer, Aaron M. T., Todd A. Blackledge, Joshua S. Madin, and Marie E. Herberstein. "High-performance spider webs: integrating biomechanics, ecology and behaviour." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 57 (2010): 457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0454.

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Spider silks exhibit remarkable properties, surpassing most natural and synthetic materials in both strength and toughness. Orb-web spider dragline silk is the focus of intense research by material scientists attempting to mimic these naturally produced fibres. However, biomechanical research on spider silks is often removed from the context of web ecology and spider foraging behaviour. Similarly, evolutionary and ecological research on spiders rarely considers the significance of silk properties. Here, we highlight the critical need to integrate biomechanical and ecological perspectives on sp

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Kelly, Sean P., Elvira Cuevas, and Alonso Ramírez. "Stable isotope analyses of web-spinning spider assemblages along a headwater stream in Puerto Rico." PeerJ 3 (October 15, 2015): e1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1324.

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Web-spinning spiders that inhabit stream channels are considered specialists of aquatic ecosystems and are major consumers of emerging aquatic insects, while other spider taxa are more commonly found in riparian forests and as a result may consume more terrestrial insects. To determine if there was a difference in spider taxa abundance between riverine web-spinning spider assemblages within the stream channel and the assemblages 10 m into the riparian forest, we compared abundances for all web-spinning spiders along a headwater stream in El Yunque National Forest in northeast Puerto Rico. By u

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13

Jayakumar, Samidurai, Joothi Paramanandham, Veerapan Duraimurugan, et al. "Study on Web-Site Attributes and Predatory Efficiency of Dark Tetragnathid Spider in Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary." International Letters of Natural Sciences 62 (March 2017): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.62.11.

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Spiders represent one of the most abundant components of the predatory arthropods in terrestrial ecosystem. Their effectiveness at restricting pest populations, both alone and as part of natural enemy complex has well demonstrated in many countries. The web, web-site attributes and predatory efficiency of Dark Tetragnathid Spider Tetragnatha mandibulata were assessed in Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary between August 2015 and March 2016. In the present study, the spiders used limited number of plants species. The relationship between web architecture and web-site attributes was estim

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14

Su, Isabelle, Neosha Narayanan, Marcos A. Logrono, et al. "In situ three-dimensional spider web construction and mechanics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 33 (2021): e2101296118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101296118.

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Spiders are nature’s engineers that build lightweight and high-performance web architectures often several times their size and with very few supports; however, little is known about web mechanics and geometries throughout construction, especially for three-dimensional (3D) spider webs. In this work, we investigate the structure and mechanics for a Tidarren sisyphoides spider web at varying stages of construction. This is accomplished by imaging, modeling, and simulations throughout the web-building process to capture changes in the natural web geometry and the mechanical properties. We show t

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Pasquet, Alain, Camille Toscani, and Mylène Anotaux. "Influence of aging on brain and web characteristics of an orb web spider." Journal of Ethology 36, no. 1 (2017): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10164-017-0530-z.

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Abstract In animals, it is known that age affects the abilities of the brain. In spiders, we showed that aging affects web characteristics due to behavioral alterations during web building. In this study, we investigated the effects of age on the associations between morphological changes to the spider brain and changes in web characteristics. The orb web spider Zygiella x-notata (Araneae, Araneidae) was used to test these relationships. Experiments were conducted on young (19 ± 2 days after adult molt, N = 13) and old (146 ± 32 days, N = 20) virgin females. The brain volume decreased with age

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Coddington, Jonathan A., Ingi Agnarsson, Chris A. Hamilton, and Jason E. Bond. "Spiders did not repeatedly gain, but repeatedly lost, foraging webs." PeerJ 7 (April 4, 2019): e6703. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6703.

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Much genomic-scale, especially transcriptomic, data on spider phylogeny has accumulated in the last few years. These data have recently been used to investigate the diverse architectures and the origin of spider webs, concluding that the ancestral spider spun no foraging web, that spider webs evolvedde novo10–14 times, and that the orb web evolved at least three times. These findings in fact result from a particular phylogenetic character coding strategy, specifically coding theabsenceof webs as logically equivalent, and homologous to, 10 other observable (i.e., not absent) web architectures.

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17

GAN, Wenjin, Fengxiang Liu, Zengtao Zhang, and Daiqin LI. "Predator perception of detritus and eggsac decorations spun by orb-web spiders Cyclosa octotuberculata: Do they function to camouflage the spiders?" Current Zoology 56, no. 3 (2010): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/56.3.379.

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Abstract Camouflage is one of the most widespread and powerful strategies that animals use to make detection/recognition more difficult. Many orb-web spiders of the genus Cyclosa add prey remains, plant debris, moults, and/or eggsacs to their webs called web decorations. Web decorations resembling spider body colour pattern have been considered to camouflage the spider from predators. While this camouflage is obvious from a human's perspective, it has rarely been investigated from a predator's perspective. In this study, we tested the visibility of web decorations by calculating chromatic and

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18

Su, Isabelle, Zhao Qin, Tomás Saraceno, et al. "Imaging and analysis of a three-dimensional spider web architecture." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 146 (2018): 20180193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0193.

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Spiders are abundantly found in nature and most ecosystems, making up more than 47 000 species. This ecological success is in part due to the exceptional mechanics of the spider web, with its strength, toughness, elasticity and robustness, which originate from its hierarchical structures all the way from sequence design to web architecture. It is a unique example in nature of high-performance material design. In particular, to survive in different environments, spiders have optimized and adapted their web architecture by providing housing, protection, and an efficient tool for catching prey. T

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Garrison, Nicole L., Juanita Rodriguez, Ingi Agnarsson, et al. "Spider phylogenomics: untangling the Spider Tree of Life." PeerJ 4 (February 23, 2016): e1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1719.

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Spiders (Order Araneae) are massively abundant generalist arthropod predators that are found in nearly every ecosystem on the planet and have persisted for over 380 million years. Spiders have long served as evolutionary models for studying complex mating and web spinning behaviors, key innovation and adaptive radiation hypotheses, and have been inspiration for important theories like sexual selection by female choice. Unfortunately, past major attempts to reconstruct spider phylogeny typically employing the “usual suspect” genes have been unable to produce a well-supported phylogenetic framew

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20

Adarsh, C. K., and P. O. Nameer. "A preliminary checklist of spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 4 (2016): 8703. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2740.8.4.8703-8713.

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A preliminary study was conducted to document spider diversity in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Idukki District, Kerala State in southern India. The study was conducted from October to November 2012. A total of 101 species of spiders belonging to 65 genera from 29 families were identified from the sanctuary. This accounted for 6.98% of Indian spider species, 17.81% of Indian spider genera and 48.33% of the spider families of India. The dominant families were Lycosidae (11 species) and Araneidae (10). Two endemic genera of Indian spiders such as Annandaliella and Neoheterophrictus were found at C

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Folt, Brian, and Witold Lapinski. "New observations of frog and lizard predation by wandering and orb-weaver spiders in Costa Rica." Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology 16, no. 2 (2017): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v16i2p269-277.

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Studies have suggested that predation by spiders may be an important force regulating life history in neotropical frogs and lizards, but detailed descriptions of predator-prey relationships are few. Here we describe novel observations where spiders contributed to the mortality of frogs and lizards in northeastern Costa Rica, and we corrected or clarified three identification errors of spiders from the literature. The most frequently observed predators were wandering spiders (Ctenidae), which seem to be generalist predators on frogs and lizards. An orb-weaver spider (Araneidae) also contributed

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Knight, D. P., and F. Vollrath. "Spinning an elastic ribbon of spider silk." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 357, no. 1418 (2002): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.1026.

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The Sicarid spider Loxosceles laeta spins broad but very thin ribbons of elastic silk that it uses to form a retreat and to capture prey. A structural investigation into this spider's silk and spinning apparatus shows that these ribbons are spun from a gland homologous to the major ampullate gland of orb web spiders. The Loxosceles gland is constructed from the same basic parts (separate transverse zones in the gland, a duct and spigot) as other spider silk glands but construction details are highly specialized. These differences are thought to relate to different ways of spinning silk in the

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Dimitrov, Dimitar, and Gustavo Hormiga. "Spider Diversification Through Space and Time." Annual Review of Entomology 66, no. 1 (2021): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-061520-083414.

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Spiders (Araneae) make up a remarkably diverse lineage of predators that have successfully colonized most terrestrial ecosystems. All spiders produce silk, and many species use it to build capture webs with an extraordinary diversity of forms. Spider diversity is distributed in a highly uneven fashion across lineages. This strong imbalance in species richness has led to several causal hypotheses, such as codiversification with insects, key innovations in silk structure and web architecture, and loss of foraging webs. Recent advances in spider phylogenetics have allowed testing of some of these

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Venner, Samuel, and Jérôme Casas. "Spider webs designed for rare but life-saving catches." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272, no. 1572 (2005): 1587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3114.

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The impact of rare but positive events on the design of organisms has been largely ignored, probably due to the paucity of recordings of such events and to the difficulty of estimating their impact on lifetime reproductive success. In this respect, we investigated the size of spider webs in relation to rare but large prey catches. First, we collected field data on a short time-scale using the common orb-weaving spider Zygiella x-notata to determine the distribution of the size of prey caught and to quantify the relationship between web size and daily capture success. Second, we explored, with

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Théry, Marc, and Jérôme Casas. "The multiple disguises of spiders: web colour and decorations, body colour and movement." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1516 (2008): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0212.

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Diverse functions have been assigned to the visual appearance of webs, spiders and web decorations, including prey attraction, predator deterrence and camouflage. Here, we review the pertinent literature, focusing on potential camouflage and mimicry. Webs are often difficult to detect in a heterogeneous visual environment. Static and dynamic web distortions are used to escape visual detection by prey, although particular silk may also attract prey. Recent work using physiological models of vision taking into account visual environments rarely supports the hypothesis of spider camouflage by dec

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Smith, Evans Lansing. "Spider Woman’s Web." International Journal of the Image 1, no. 2 (2011): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2154-8560/cgp/v01i02/58317.

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Lenin, K. "ENHANCED SPIDER ALGORITHM FOR MINIMIZATION OF REAL POWER LOSS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 4 (2018): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i4.2018.1665.

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In this paper Enhanced Spider (ES) algorithm is proposed to solve reactive power Problem. Enthused by the spiders, a new Enhanced Spider (ES) algorithm is utilized to solve reactive power problem. The composition is primarily based on the foraging approach of social spiders, which make use of of the vibrations spread over the spider web to choose the position of prey. The simulation results demonstrate high-quality performance of Enhanced Spider (ES) algorithm in solving reactive power problem. The projected Enhanced Spider (ES) algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 57,118 bus systems and

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Cady, Alan, Robin Leech, Louis Sorkin, Gail Stratton, and Michael Caldwell. "ACROCERID (INSECTA: DIPTERA) LIFE HISTORIES, BEHAVIORS, HOST SPIDERS (ARACHNIDA: ARANEIDA), AND DISTRIBUTION RECORDS." Canadian Entomologist 125, no. 5 (1993): 931–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent125931-5.

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AbstractThe family Acroceridae (Insecta: Diptera; "Small Headed Flies") are a seldom seen yet cosmopolitan group of endoparasitoids of spiders. Recent host and distribution records are presented here for six species of acrocerids: Ogcodes borealis Cole, 1919; Ogcodes pallidipennis (Loew, 1866); Opcodes sp.; Acrocera bimaculata Loew, 1866; Turbopsebius sulphuripes (Loew, 1869); and Exetasis eickstedtae Schlinger, 1972. New hosts for each fly species are; O. borealis—Schizocosa rovneri Uetz and Dondale, 1979, Pardosa spp.; O. pallidipennis—Schizocosa rovneri, Schizocosa spp.; OgcodesSp.—Anyphaen

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Ximenes, Nathalia G., Vinicius De Souza Moraes, Jean C. G. Ortega, and Felipe M. Gawryszewski. "Color lures in orb-weaving spiders: a meta-analysis." Behavioral Ecology 31, no. 2 (2020): 568–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz210.

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Abstract Lures are deceptive strategies that exploit sensory biases in prey, usually mimicking a prey’s mate or food item. Several predators exploit plant–pollinator systems, where visual signals are an essential part of interspecific interactions. Many diurnal, and even nocturnal, orb-web spiders present conspicuous body coloration or bright color patches. These bright colors are regarded as color-based lures that exploit biases present in insect visual systems, possibly mimicking flower colors. The prey attraction hypothesis was proposed more than 20 years ago to explain orb-web spider color

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Bateman, Philip W., and Patricia A. Fleming. "The influence of web silk decorations on fleeing behaviour of Florida orb weaver spiders, Argiope florida (Aranaeidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 91, no. 7 (2013): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2012-0312.

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Spider web silk decorations may (i) act to attract prey, (ii) be decoys for predators, and (iii) make the web visible to prevent larger animals from destroying them. To disentangle the last two hypotheses, we examined the fleeing response and flight initiation distance (FID) of the Florida orb weaver spider (Argiope florida Chamberlin and Ivie, 1944). Spiders were approached in one of two manners: (1) a “predatory” one mimicking a bird and (2) a “looming” approach mimicking the approach of a large animal. We predicted that if silk decorations had an antipredator function, then the extent of si

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Jose, Alex Chembakassery, Puthoor Pattammal Sudhin, Prejith Madasseril Prasad, and Kalpuzha Ashtamoorthy Sreejith. "Spider Diversity in Kavvayi River Basin, Kerala, Southern India." Current World Environment 13, no. 1 (2018): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.13.1.10.

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Kavvayi river basin is a typical lateritic biotope situated in the Northern part of Kerala, which holds various ecological units such as lateritic vegetation, agro-ecosystems, seasonal pools, Grass lands, Kanams, Sacred groves, Mangrove marsh and riparian vegetation. Many of these microhabitats are unique in character and poorly documented. A preliminary study was conducted to document the diversity of spider fauna inhabiting in the different ecosystems of Kavvayi river basins. India is having 1,686 species of spiders belonging to 60 families and 438 genera, which constitutes 3.6% of world’s s

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Guiliano, Stefanie M., Cerina M. Karr, Nathalie R. Sommer, and Robert W. Buchkowski. "Woodlice change the habitat use of spiders in a different food chain." PeerJ 8 (June 1, 2020): e9184. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9184.

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Background In old field systems, the common woodlouse may have an indirect effect on a nursery web spider. Woodlice and nursery web spiders feed in different food chains, yet previous work demonstrated that the presence of woodlice is correlated with higher predation success by nursery web spiders upon their grasshopper prey. This finding suggested a new hypothesis which links two seemingly disparate food chains: when woodlice are present, the spider predator or the grasshopper prey changes their location in the vegetative canopy in a way that increases their spatial overlap and therefore pred

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Nakata, Kensuke. "Spatial learning affects thread tension control in orb-web spiders." Biology Letters 9, no. 4 (2013): 20130052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0052.

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Although it is well known that spatial learning can be important in the biology of predators that actively move around in search for food, comparatively little is known about ways in which spatial learning might function in the strategies of sit-and-wait predators. In this study, Cyclosa octotuberculata , an orb-web spider that uses its legs to contract radial threads of its web to increase thread tension, was trained to capture prey in limited web sectors. After training, spiders that had captured prey in horizontal web sectors applied more tension on radial threads connected to horizontal se

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Barton, Brandon T. "Local adaptation to temperature conserves top-down control in a grassland food web." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1721 (2011): 3102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0030.

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A fundamental limitation in many climate change experiments is that tests represent relatively short-term ‘shock’ experiments and so do not incorporate the phenotypic plasticity or evolutionary change that may occur during the gradual process of climate change. However, capturing this aspect of climate change effects in an experimental design is a difficult challenge that few studies have accomplished. I examined the effect of temperature and predator climate history in food webs composed of herbaceous plants, generalist grasshopper herbivores and spider predators across a natural 4.8°C temper

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Wijerathna, Tharaka, Dilini Tharanga, Inoka C. Perera, and Mayuri R. Wijesinghe. "Effects of Habitat Change on the Web Characteristics and Fitness of the Giant Wood Spider (Nephila pilipes) in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Zoology 2019 (January 27, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6395015.

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We compare web properties and fitness of the Giant wood spider Nephila pilpes within and outside its natural rainforest habitat in Sri Lanka. The nonforest habitats comprised rural home gardens and plantations. We hypothesize that marked differences would be evident between the two habitats in (i) web properties and (ii) fitness of the female spiders. Web architectural and silk thread properties were measured in 25 webs of adult female spiders in each of the two habitats, while female abdomen size was used as the proxy for fitness. Findings support both hypotheses. The nonforest webs were more

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Blackledge, Todd, and John Wenzel. "SILK MEDIATED DEFENSE BY AN ORB WEB SPIDER AGAINST PREDATORY MUD-DAUBER WASPS." Behaviour 138, no. 2 (2001): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685390151074357.

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AbstractStabilimenta are zigzag and spiral designs of seemingly conspicuous silk included at the centers of many spider webs. We examined the association of stabilimenta with the ability of spiders to defend themselves against predatory mud-dauber wasps. We found that Argiope trifasciata (Araneae, Araneidae) were significantly more likely to survive attacks by Chalybion caeruleum and Sceliphron caementarium (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) when spiders included stabilimenta in webs. This association could not be explained by factors such as differences in sizes or conditions of spiders nor locations o

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Kaewunruen, Sakdirat, Chayut Ngamkhanong, and Tianyu Yang. "Large-Amplitude Vibrations of Spider Web Structures." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (2020): 6032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10176032.

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Spider silk, as a natural material, shows exceptional performance in its properties. The combination of the superior properties of spider silk and the geometry of spider structures make the spider web very resilient. A spider web structure can be considered as a cable-like structure with inappreciable torsional, bending and shear rigidities. An investigation emphasising on natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes with and without the consideration of geometric nonlinearity is presented in this paper. This study is the world’s first discovery of large amplitude free vibration behaviour

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Wignall, Anne E., and Phillip W. Taylor. "Assassin bug uses aggressive mimicry to lure spider prey." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1710 (2010): 1427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2060.

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Assassin bugs ( Stenolemus bituberus ) hunt web-building spiders by invading the web and plucking the silk to generate vibrations that lure the resident spider into striking range. To test whether vibrations generated by bugs aggressively mimic the vibrations generated by insect prey, we compared the responses of spiders to bugs with how they responded to prey, courting male spiders and leaves falling into the web. We also analysed the associated vibrations. Similar spider orientation and approach behaviours were observed in response to vibrations from bugs and prey, whereas different behaviou

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Sensenig, Andrew T., Kimberly A. Lorentz, Sean P. Kelly, and Todd A. Blackledge. "Spider orb webs rely on radial threads to absorb prey kinetic energy." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 73 (2012): 1880–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0851.

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The kinetic energy of flying insect prey is a formidable challenge for orb-weaving spiders. These spiders construct two-dimensional, round webs from a combination of stiff, strong radial silk and highly elastic, glue-coated capture spirals. Orb webs must first stop the flight of insect prey and then retain those insects long enough to be subdued by the spiders. Consequently, spider silks rank among the toughest known biomaterials. The large number of silk threads composing a web suggests that aerodynamic dissipation may also play an important role in stopping prey. Here, we quantify energy dis

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Frohman, Charles. "Spider evaluation and representations of web groups." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 28, no. 04 (2019): 1950021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216519500214.

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The topology of [Formula: see text]-representation varieties of the fundamental groups of planar webs so that the meridians are sent to matrices with trace equal to [Formula: see text] are explored, and compared to data coming from spider evaluation of the webs. Corresponding to an evaluation of a web as a spider is a rooted tree. We associate to each geodesic [Formula: see text] from the root of the tree to the tip of a leaf an irreducible component [Formula: see text] of the representation variety of the web, and a graded subalgebra [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. The spider eval

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Jiang, Min. "Urban Electromagnetic Spider Web." OALib 04, no. 11 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1104007.

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De Quehen, A. H. "Richard Bentley’s spider-web." International Journal of the Classical Tradition 1, no. 2 (1994): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02678997.

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Opell, Brent D. "Changes in web-monitoring forces associated with web reduction in the spider family Uloboridae." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 4 (1987): 1028–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-163.

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Members of the genera Uloborus, Hyptiotes, and Miagrammopes have similar web-monitoring postures, but very different webs and tactics for monitoring them. Orb weavers of the genus Uloborus construct horizontal webs and hang from their hubs, whereas reduced-web uloborids construct vertical webs and monitor them from a single thread. To determine if changes in spider strength accompanied web reduction, resting and maximum force measurements were taken of a developmental series of Hyptiotes cavatus, Uloborus glomosus, Miagrammopes animotus, Miagrammopes pinopus, and an undescribed Costa Rican Mia

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Penney, David, and Vicente M. Ortuño. "Oldest true orb-weaving spider (Araneae: Araneidae)." Biology Letters 2, no. 3 (2006): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0506.

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The aerial orb web woven by spiders of the family Araneidae typifies these organisms to laypersons and scientists alike. Here we describe the oldest fossil species of this family, which is preserved in amber from Álava, Spain and represents the first record of Araneidae from the Lower Cretaceous. The fossils provide direct evidence that all three major orb web weaving families: Araneidae, Tetragnathidae and Uloboridae had evolved by this time, confirming the antiquity of the use of this remarkable structure as a prey capture strategy by spiders. Given the complex and stereotyped movements that

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Soley, Fernando-G. "A possible role of decorations in spiderwebs as protection devices that distract predators." Revista de Biología Tropical 67, no. 2SUPL (2019): S164—S173. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v67i2supl.37227.

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Several functions have been proposed for silk decorations (i.e., stabilimenta) in spiderwebs. One hypothesis is that web decorations protect spiders from predators, either by concealing the spiders, physically shielding them, or by deflecting predatory attacks. This study uses data gathered in opportunistic manner when studying the behavior of Stenolemus giraffa, an assassin bug that preys almost exclusively on web-building spiders. Stenolemus giraffa approach orb spiders on foot, and usually capture the spiders at the hub region of the web. When pursuing spiders, S. giraffa routinely tap the

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Jackson, Robert, Chris Carter, and Michael Tarsitano. "TRIAL-AND-ERROR SOLVING OF A CONFINEMENT PROBLEM BY A JUMPING SPIDER, PORTIA FIMBRIATA." Behaviour 138, no. 10 (2001): 1215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685390152822184.

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Abstract Portia is a genus of web-invading araneophagic jumping spiders known from earlier studies to derive aggressive-mimicry signals by using a generate-and-test algorithm (trial-and-error tactic). Here P. fimbriata's use of trial-and-error to solve a confinement problem (how to escape from an island surrounded by water) is investigated. Spiders choose between two potential escape tactics (leap or swim), one of which will fail (bring spider no closer to edge of tray) and the other of which will partially succeed (bring spider closer to edge of tray). The particular choice that will partiall

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Vollrath, Fritz, and Thiemo Krink. "Spider webs inspiring soft robotics." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, no. 172 (2020): 20200569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0569.

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In soft robotics, bio-inspiration ranges from hard- to software. Orb web spiders provide excellent examples for both. Adapted sensors on their legs may use morphological computing to fine-tune feedback loops that supervise the handling and accurate placement of silk threads. The spider's webs embody the decision rules of a complex behaviour that relies on navigation and piloting laid down in silk by behaviour charting inherited rules. Analytical studies of real spiders allow the modelling of path-finding construction rules optimized in evolutionary algorithms. We propose that deconstructing sp

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Zschokke, Samuel, Yann Hénaut, Suresh P. Benjamin, and J. Alvaro García-Ballinas. "Prey-capture strategies in sympatric web-building spiders." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 7 (2006): 964–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-074.

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Arthropods in several orders use traps to capture prey. Such trap-building predators expend most of their foraging energy prior to any prey contact. Nevertheless, relative investments in trap construction and actual prey capture may vary among trap builders, and they are likely to face a trade-off between building very effective but energetically costly traps and building less effective traps requiring faster reaction times when attacking prey. We analysed this trade-off in a field experiment by comparing the prey capture behaviour of four different sympatric web-building spiders (Araneae: Ara

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Zhang, Yuping, Lin Guo, and Shihe Yang. "Three-dimensional spider-web architecture assembled from Na2Ti3O7 nanotubes as a high performance anode for a sodium-ion battery." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 90 (2014): 14029–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc06451h.

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Wang, Jun, Song Gao, Shimin Zhao, Guang Hu, Xiaoli Zhang, and Guowang Xie. "Research on Artificial Spider Web Model for Farmland Wireless Sensor Network." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6393049.

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Through systematic analysis of the structural characteristics and invulnerability of spider web, this paper explores the possibility of combining the advantages of spider web such as network robustness and invulnerability with farmland wireless sensor network. A universally applicable definition and mathematical model of artificial spider web structure are established. The comparison between artificial spider web and traditional networks is discussed in detail. The simulation result shows that the networking structure of artificial spider web is better than that of traditional networks in term

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