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1
Hamada, Azhari Abdelazim. "Weeds and Weed Control Methods in Sudan." Journal of Weed Science and Technology 45, Supplement (2000): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3719/weed.45.supplement_12.
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Sharofiddinova, M. J. "The Effects Of Weed Control Methods On Weeds In Cotton And Autumn Wheat Fields." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 02, no. 12 (December 27, 2020): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume02issue12-03.
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This article provides the results of harmonized weed control measures, which annual and biennial weeds in cotton and autumn wheat fields have been reduced by 80.2-82.7% in cotton fields and by 93.5% in autumn wheat fields.
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Njoroge, J. M. "Weeds and Weed Control in Coffee." Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 4 (October 1994): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700024662.
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SUMMARYThe effects of weeds on coffee productivity and the methods used for their control are discussed. The more common weeds are listed, together with the control methods that can be used at various phases of coffee production.Malezas y control de las mismas en el café
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Woyessa, Degefa. "Weed Control Methods Used in Agriculture." American Journal of Life Science and Innovation 1, no. 1 (July 24, 2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajlsi.v1i1.413.
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One of the most challenging duties in an agricultural field is weed control. Weed control is a major problem for peasant framers everywhere. This paper's objectives are to reviewing and reporting the weed management practices utilized in Ethiopian agriculture and to recommend the viability of mechanizing weeding operations for the further research. In agriculture, three weed management techniques are frequently used. These are chemical, mechanical, and manual control. Farmers that are convinced of its benefits quickly adopt mechanical weed control. In addition to pulling weeds out from between the rows of crops, mechanical weed management maintains the soil's top loose, improving soil aeration and water absorption. Mechanical weeding saves time and labor while lowering labor costs also. Some weeding tools that are powered by animals are effective in terms of time and money savings. Herbicides are occasionally used by farmers; however, they are not often used in farming. In conclusion, weed control is one of the most essential and expensive operation in agriculture. Weeding by mechanical device reduces the cost of labour and also saves time than any other methods of weed control. Therefore, instead of manual weeding and using chemicals, the use of a mechanical weeding machine should be given priority.
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Willard, Deborah, and Harlene Hatterman Valenti. "Juneberry Growth Is Affected by Weed Control Methods." HortTechnology 18, no. 1 (January 2008): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.18.1.75.
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Weed control is necessary to ensure success in early stages of juneberry (Amelanchier alnifolia) orchard development; however, juneberry growers have limited chemical weed control options. A field trial was initiated at Prosper, ND, to evaluate the efficacy of physical and chemical weed control methods and their effects on juneberry growth. Woven landscape fabric most effectively eliminated weed emergence, whereas winter rye (Secale cereale) cover crop allowed the most weeds to emerge throughout the study. During both years, a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) companion crop provided poor early- to midseason weed control, but weed suppression increased over time as hairy vetch grew to cover open areas. However, hairy vetch was very competitive with juneberry, reducing crop height, width, and overall growth. Plants within the herbicide treatments (glyphosate at 0.75 lb/acre plus oryzalin at 2 lb/acre and linuron at 1.7 lb/acre followed by flumioxazin at 1 oz/acre) and the hand-weeded control, which was weeded three times each year, had the greatest growth.
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Mathers, Hannah M. "Novel Methods of Weed Control in Containers." HortTechnology 13, no. 1 (January 2003): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.1.0028.
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Nursery growers estimate that they spend $500 to $4000/acre ($1235 to $9880/ha) of containers for manual removal of weeds, depending upon weed species being removed. Economic losses due to weed infestations have been estimated at about $7000/acre ($17,290/ha). Herbicide treated bark nuggets were found extremely effective for weed control in studies during 1998, regardless of whether oxyfluorfen, oryzalin, or isoxaben were applied to the bark. A study conducted in 2000 compared 24 treatments of novel nonchemical alternatives, conventional chemical practices and herbicide treated barks. Four of the best treatments were herbicide treated douglas fir bark, specifically, small [<1 inch (2.5 cm) length] douglas fir nuggets treated with oryzalin at the 1× rate, large (>1 inch length) douglas fir nuggets treated with oryzalin at the 0.5× rate, small douglas fir nuggets treated with oryzalin at the 0.5× rate and large douglas fir nuggets treated with flumioxazin at the 1× rate. The four bark treatments indicated above provided equivalent efficacy and phytotoxicity to Geodiscs. Penn Mulch and Wulpack provided poor weed control. Mori Weed Bag, a black polyethylene sleeve, and Enviro LIDs, a plastic lid provided less control than herbicide treated bark. Compared to the bark alone, herbicide treated bark provides a 1.8-fold increase in efficacy and a 2.8-fold extension in duration of efficacy. Compared to the herbicide alone, herbicide treated bark provides a 1.5-fold increase in efficacy and a 2.2-fold reduction in phytotoxicity. Of the innovative weed control products tested herbicide treated bark provided the most promising results. The data support that the bark nuggets are possibly acting as slow release carriers for the herbicides or reducing the leaching potential of the herbicides. Recent studies have indicated that the controlled release of herbicides using lignin as the matrix offers a promising alternative technology for weed control.
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Barney, Danny L., and Terry L. Finnerty. "A Comparison of Raspberry Weed Control Methods." Journal of Small Fruit & Viticulture 2, no. 2 (October 18, 1994): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j065v02n02_04.
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Głowacka, Aleksandra. "Changes in weed infestation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under conditions of strip intercropping and different weed control methods." Acta Agrobotanica 63, no. 2 (2012): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2010.045.
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The experiment was conducted in the years 2004-2006 in a private farm in the village of Frankamionka in Zamość district. There were two experimental factors: I. Cultivation methods - sole cropping and strip intercropping; and II. Tending methods - mechanical, mechanical-chemical, and chemical weed control. The subject of the study was weed infestation of the Mela variety of common bean. Beans were sown between 30 April and 5 May. Weed infestation was assessed in the last week before harvesting by determining its floristic composition and the frequency of occurrence of particular weed species, as well as the air-dry weight of weeds. The dominant weed species were <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>, <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i>, <i>Chenopodium album</i>, and <i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i>, which comprised 84.7% of the total number of weeds. Strip intercropping markedly reduced the number of weeds per unit area (by 50%), as well as the dry weight of their aerial parts. The most effective method of weed control was the mechanical-chemical method, which resulted in the lowest occurrence of weeds. It also significantly reduced the weight of weeds.
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IWAISHI, Shinji, Takaaki Miki, Yoshihide Takeichi, and Yanrong Wang. "An investigation of tilling methods for weed control." Journal of Weed Science and Technology 50, Supplement (2005): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3719/weed.50.supplement_172.
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Kim, Yoon-Ha, Sang-Mo Kang, Abdul Latif Khan, Joon-Hee Lee, and In-Jung Lee. "Aspect of Weed Occurrence by Methods of Weed Control in Rice Field." Korean Journal of Weed Science 31, no. 1 (March 31, 2011): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5660/kjws.2011.31.1.089.
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Harker, K. Neil, and John T. O'Donovan. "Recent Weed Control, Weed Management, and Integrated Weed Management." Weed Technology 27, no. 1 (March 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00109.1.
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Integrated weed management (IWM) can be defined as a holistic approach to weed management that integrates different methods of weed control to provide the crop with an advantage over weeds. It is practiced globally at varying levels of adoption from farm to farm. IWM has the potential to restrict weed populations to manageable levels, reduce the environmental impact of individual weed management practices, increase cropping system sustainability, and reduce selection pressure for weed resistance to herbicides. There is some debate as to whether simple herbicidal weed control programs have now shifted to more diverse IWM cropping systems. Given the rapid evolution and spread of herbicide-resistant weeds and their negative consequences, one might predict that IWM research would currently be a prominent activity among weed scientists. Here we examine the level of research activity dedicated to weed control techniques and the assemblage of IWM techniques in cropping systems as evidenced by scientific paper publications from 1995 to June 1, 2012. Authors from the United States have published more weed and IWM-related articles than authors from any other country. When IWM articles were weighted as a proportion of country population, arable land, or crop production, authors from Switzerland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Australia, and Canada were most prominent. Considerable evidence exists that research on nonherbicidal weed management strategies as well as strategies that integrate other weed management systems with herbicide use has increased. However, articles published on chemical control still eclipse any other weed management method. The latter emphasis continues to retard the development of weed science as a balanced discipline.
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Nazir, Aijaz, Mohammad Anwar Bhat, Tauseef Ahmad Bhat, Suhail Fayaz, Mohammad Salim Mir, Umar Basu, Shafat Ahmad Ahanger, et al. "Comparative Analysis of Rice and Weeds and Their Nutrient Partitioning under Various Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices in Temperate Environment." Agronomy 12, no. 4 (March 27, 2022): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040816.
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A research trial was conducted at Agronomy Farm (SKUAST-K, Wadura, Jammu & Kashmir), during kharif 2017 and 2018 to evaluate nutrient removal in rice under various rice establishment methods and weed control measures. The study comprised of two factors: rice establishment techniques {Transplanting (TPR); Direct seeding (DSR) and System of rice intensification (SRI)} as main plot treatments and weed control measures {Butachlor @ 1500 g a.i ha−1 (B); Penoxsulam @ 22.5 g a.i ha−1 (P); Pyrazosulfuron ethyl + Pretilachlor @ 15 and 600 g a.i ha−1 (PP); Bensulfuron methyl + Pretilachlor @ 60 and 600 g a.i ha−1 (BP); 2 Conoweeding/Hand Weeding (CW/HW); Weed free (WF) and weedy check (WC)} as sub-plot treatments meant to evaluate the best establishment method and weed management practice for rice. Over DSR and transplanted rice, the SRI technique yielded a significant increase in dry biomass accumulation (17.04 and 17.20 t ha−1) and grain (7.92 and 8.17 t ha−1) and straw (9.60 and 10.17 t ha−1) yields. Penoxsulam herbicide significantly showed higher grain and straw yield of 8.19 and 8.28 t ha−1 and 10.13 and 10.44 t ha−1, respectively, than other weed management measures by comparing the means using critical difference. TPR excelled in reducing dry weed biomass more than other established methods. All herbicides considerably reduced dry weed biomass, but Penoxsulam herbicide showed the greatest reduction in dry weed biomass and proved superior against complex weed flora. Weeds showed maximum contribution towards total Biomass under DSR, among rice establishment techniques. In contrast, among different weed control measures, it was maximum in weedy check treatment (Untreated Control) and minimum in penoxsulam treatment. SRI significantly excelled in crop (grain and straw) nutrient uptake compared to the DSR and TPR method, although different crop establishment techniques non-significantly influenced nutrient concentrations. Furthermore, penoxsulam treatment demonstrated higher crop (grain and straw) nutrient uptake among the various weed management measures. However, available soil nutrients were observed among establishment techniques, highest in DSR and lowest in SRI. Moreover, direct-seeded rice excelled SRI and transplanted rice in weed nutrient uptake, and among the different herbicidal treatments, penoxsulam recorded the lowest uptake in weeds. Nutrient budgeting demonstrated that DSR showed the maximum percentage of nutrient removal by weeds, and the minimum ratio was in TPR. In contrast, the lowest rate of nutrients removed via weeds were seen in penoxsulam application under various weed management measures.
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Marble, S. Christopher, Andrew K. Koeser, and Gitta Hasing. "A Review of Weed Control Practices in Landscape Planting Beds: Part I–Nonchemical Weed Control Methods." HortScience 50, no. 6 (June 2015): 851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.6.851.
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Weed control continues to be one of the most expensive and time consuming aspects of landscape maintenance. Many homeowners are becoming more interested in nonchemical pest-management strategies due to increasing concern over the environmental impact of pesticide use. Nonchemical landscape weed control can be achieved using mechanical disruption (e.g., mowing, hand-pulling, hoeing, and tilling), physical barriers, or cultural control methods (e.g., mulching and plant selection). However, the best results are almost always achieved when employing a variety of methods (often involving chemical control methods). In adopting a weed control strategy, client expectations and weed tolerances must be addressed. While a virtually weed-free landscape is possible without the use of herbicides, this goal often requires a significant amount of time and money, and requires more planning to be successful. The goal of this manuscript is survey the literature pertaining to nonchemical weed control in landscape planting beds and determine: 1) the most effective strategies; 2) the advantages and disadvantages of common practices; and 3) highlight areas where research is needed or improvements could be made.
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Fetyukhin, Igor Viktorovich, and Viacheslav Vitalievich Tolpinskii. "IMPROVEMENT OF WEED CONTROL METHODS IN IRRIGATED CORN." Polythematic Online Scientific Journal of Kuban State Agrarian University, no. 170 (2021): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21515/1990-4665-170-018.
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Rifai, M. N., M. Lacko-Bartosova ., and P. Brunclik . "Alternative Methods of Weed Control in Apple Orchards." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 3, no. 6 (May 15, 2000): 933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2000.933.938.
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Tarchokov, Hassan. "AGROTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF WEED CONTROL IN SUNFLOWER CROPS." Scientific Life 14, no. 10 (2019): 1539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2019-14-10-1539-1546.
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Schroeder, W. R., and H. Naeem. "Effect of weed control methods on growth of five temperate agroforestry tree species in Saskatchewan." Forestry Chronicle 93, no. 03 (October 2017): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2017-035.
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Most tree species in agroforestry plantings are intolerant to vegetative competition and sites must be intensively cultivated to eliminate weeds. Many studies have been conducted to investigate what factors limit seedling growth because of the presence of vegetative competition in forest environments; however on agricultural sites there are few studies on weed management options for tree planting. This research quantified and compared growth of Manitoba maple (Acer negundo), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), Colorado spruce (Picea pungens), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Walker poplar (Populus x Walker) in response to combinations of in-row and between-row weed control methods. The study was established on an agroforestry planting on agricultural soils in Saskatchewan. Treatments included in-row weed control using herbicides or plastic mulch and between-row weed control using tillage compared with a non-weeded control. Weed control positively affected annual height increment, basal diameter and height of the agroforestry species. The impacts of weed control versus no weed control were significant in almost all instances. However, tree species responded differently to the method of weed control. Weed control by herbicide and plastic mulch were not significantly different for four of the five species under investigation. This research will help with prescribing weed control methods for agroforestry and afforestation plantings on agricultural soils.
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Marble, S. Christopher, Andrew K. Koeser, and Gitta Hasing. "A Review of Weed Control Practices in Landscape Planting Beds: Part II—Chemical Weed Control Methods." HortScience 50, no. 6 (June 2015): 857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.6.857.
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Use of preemergence and postemergence herbicides is the most effective and economical method of weed control in landscape planting beds. When used correctly, herbicides can provide satisfactory weed control, reduce labor costs, and cause little or no negative environmental impacts. Major factors in herbicide efficacy include choosing the correct herbicide for the weed species present, following proper calibration procedures, and applying herbicides at the correct timing. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the research pertaining to herbicide use in landscape planting beds and present 1) the advantages and disadvantages of common chemical weed control strategies, 2) the most effective preemergence and postemergence herbicides in various landscape scenarios, 3) potential environmental concerns pertaining to improper application of herbicides, and 4) highlight knowledge gaps where additional research is needed or improvements could be made.
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File, S. L., P. A. Knight, C. G. Gilliam, D. B. Reynolds, and R. L. Harkess. "219 Alternative Weed Control Methods for Production of Large Container Ornamentals." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 428E—429. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.428e.
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Non-target herbicide losses pose environmental concerns for nurseries. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the ability of each alternative mulch to suppress weed growth when compared to traditional chemical methods. Uniform quart liners of Lagersroemia indica × faurei `Natchez' were planted in 15-gal containers 15 June 1999, on a gravel container pad using overhead irrigation. Weed pressure was uniform. Treatments include Regal 0-0 3 G (3 lb ai/a) as a broadcast or individual container application, recycled newspaper pellets (1 inch thick), Spin-out coated recycled newspaper pellets (1 inch thick) geotextile disks (Spin-out coated), kenaf mulch, waste tire crumbles, wheat straw (2 inches thick), oat straw (2 inches thick), cereal rye straw (2 inches thick), paper mill sludge (2 inches thick), a handweeded control, and a weedy control. Treatments were organized in a RCBD consisting of eight single-plant replicates. The geotextile disks, newspaper pellets treated with spin-out, and shredded rubber tire treatments all had better than 80% weed control from 30 to 180 DAT. These alternative weed control methods can provide a good alternative to conventional weed control practices in large container-grown ornamental.
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Case, L. T., H. M. Mathers, and A. F. Senesac. "A Review of Weed Control Practices in Container Nurseries." HortTechnology 15, no. 3 (January 2005): 535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.3.0535.
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Container production has increased rapidly in many parts of the U.S. over the past 15 years. Container production has been the fastest growing sector in the nursery industry and the growth is expected to continue. Weed growth in container-grown nursery stock is a particularly serious problem, because the nutrients, air, and water available are limited to the volume of the container. The extent of damage caused by weeds is often underestimated and effective control is essential. Various researchers have found that as little as one weed in a small (1 gal) pot affects the growth of a crop. However, even if weeds did not reduce growth, a container plant with weeds is a less marketable product than a weed-free product. Managing weeds in a container nursery involves eliminating weeds and preventing their spread in the nursery, and this usually requires chemical controls. However, chemical controls should never be the only management tools implemented. Maximizing cultural and mechanical controls through proper sanitation and hand weeding are two important means to prevent the spread and regeneration of troublesome weeds. Cultural controls include mulching, irrigation methods (subirrigation), and mix type. Nursery growers estimate that they spend $500 to $4000/acre of containers for manual removal of weeds, depending on weed species being removed. Economic losses due to weed infestations have been estimated at approximately $7000/acre. Reduction of this expense with improved weed control methodologies and understanding weed control would have a significant impact on the industry. Problems associated with herbicide use in container production include proper calibration, herbicide runoff concerns from plastic or gravel (especially when chemicals fall between containers) and the need for multiple applications. As with other crops, off-site movement of pesticides through herbicide leaching, runoff, spray drift, and non-uniformity of application are concerns facing nursery growers. This article reviews some current weed control methods, problems associated with these methods, and possible strategies that could be useful for container nursery growers.
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Osipitan, O. Adewale, I. Yahaya, and Joseph A. Adigun. "Economics of Weed Management Methods as Influenced by Row-Spacing in Cowpea." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 2 (January 12, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n2p98.
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Weed management is an important factor that influences the economic importance of cowpea as a cheap source of food and income for many farmers. A study was conducted to evaluate economic benefits of weed management methods used singly or in an integrated approach, and to understand the influence of row-spacing on economic benefits of weed management methods. Total variable cost of cowpea cultivation was substantially influenced by cost of weed control. A single input of hand weeding resulted in higher cost of weed control than a single input of PRE-herbicide for weed control. Increase in weed control inputs or frequency did not guarantee an increase in economic benefits. For example, removing weeds three times with hand at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after planting (WAP) during the cowpea growing season did not necessarily result in the highest yield, but rather increased the variable cost of weed control. Integrating PRE-herbicide and hand weeding for weed management resulted in the highest yield and gross profit. The lowest cost of weed control provided by using PRE-herbicide gave the highest benefit-cost ratio. The differences in economic values of weed management methods were mostly not affected by cowpea row-spacing, but generally, economic benefits of management methods decreased with increase in row-spacing. Practically, this study suggests that minimizing the use of hand weeding by complementing with PRE-herbicide for weed management could help to optimize yield, and increase profitability, particularly under a narrow row-spacing in cowpea cultivation.
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ABOUZIENA, H. F., and W. M. HAGGAG. "Weed Control in Clean Agriculture: A Review1." Planta Daninha 34, no. 2 (June 2016): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582016340200019.
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ABSTRACT Weed control is consider the major obstacle for the growers in the organic farming. Lower plant productivity in organic farming mainly related to the poor weed control. It is widely known, in most cases, that losses caused by weeds exceeded the losses from any category of agricultural pests. Under water-stress condition, weeds can reduce crop yields more than 50% through moisture competition alone. In the light of the environmental and toxicological problems created by herbicides, it has become necessary to develop the safety methods for controlling weeds. Soil Solarization, Mulching, Biodegradable Mulch, Natural Herbicides, Hot Water, and Agronomic Practices have been successfully adopted in many countries as safe methods for controlling weeds in the organic farming. In addition, there are some promising new and non-traditional measures such as Fresnel Lens, Electrical Weed Control, Lasers, etc which could be employed for controlling the weeds in organic farming. Also the agronomic practices such as choice of competitive varieties, stale seedbeds had a significant impact on weeds. The growers in organic farming should keep these three points in mind: 1) start clean stay clean successful, 2) Prevention is always better than treatment and, 3) One year's seeds will lead to seven year's weed infestation. Successful and sustainable weed management systems are those that employ combinations of techniques rather than relying on one method. The objectives of this paper are to review some safe weed control methods in the clean agricultural.
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Menegat, Alexander, and Anders T. S. Nilsson. "Interaction of Preventive, Cultural, and Direct Methods for Integrated Weed Management in Winter Wheat." Agronomy 9, no. 9 (September 19, 2019): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090564.
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Crop rotations dominated by winter annual crops and relying on the use of herbicides to control weeds have resulted in weed communities dominated by a few highly specialized species such as Alopecurus myosuroides. Integrated weed management (IWM) represents a sensible strategy to target such difficult weeds, through a combination of preventive, cultural, and direct means. In six field trials over three years, we tested the effect of stale seedbed preparation, winter wheat seed rate, and chemical weed control strategy on Alopecurus myosuroides control efficacy and variability in efficacy. The field experiments were carried out under reduced tillage practice and without pre-sowing use of glyphosate. Stale seedbed preparation alone reduced A. myosuroides infestation level by 25% on average. No clear effect was found of increasing winter wheat seed rate from 300 to 400 seeds m−2. A combination of stale seedbed preparation and herbicide treatment in autumn and spring was found to be synergistic, improving weed control efficacy significantly and moreover reducing the variability in control efficacy and hence the risk for weed control failure.
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Ilyas, Mohammad. "RESPONSE OF BITTER GOURD (Momordica charantia) TO CULTURAL AND CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL METHODS." JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 27, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.851.
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Experiments were conducted at the farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the effect of different weed control methods in bitter gourd. The treatments comprised of four mulches (Rumex crispus, Silybum marianum, news papers, and saw-dust), a herbicide i.e. Stomp 330 EC (pendimethalin) applied as pre-emergence, a hand weeding and a control treatment (weedy check). Data were collected on weed biomass, number of plants ha-1 and fruit weight. The parameters were significantly affected by the applied treatments during both the years. Weed biomass in 2012 and 2013 was the highest (2971 and 3595 kg ha-1, respectively in the weedy check treatments and lowest in hand weeded plots (68 and 83 kg ha-1) in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Moreover the effect of the mulching treatments and the herbicide treatment were statistically at par with each other and different from the weedy check. The highest number of plants ha-1 (9773 and 8077) and fruit weight plant-1 (756 and 657 g) were recorded in the hand weeded treatments in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Hand weeding was followed by the treatment of Stomp 330 EC with the respective values in the two years as 8834 and 7301 plants ha-1, and 667 and 580 g plant-1 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Moreover, the performance of the mulching treatments was also significantly more effective than the weedy check plots. Mulches of S. marianum and R. crispus reduced the weed biomass to 1072 and 1615 kg in 2012 and 1297 and 1954 kg in 2013 as compared to the weedy control with weed biomass of 2971 and 3595 kg ha-1 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The respective no. of plants ha-1 for the mulches of S. marianum and R. crispus were 8548 and 8489 in 2012 and 7065 and 7016 in 2013 whereas and the fruit weight plant-1 was 435 and 396 in 2012 and 378 and 344 g in 2013. Keeping in view the good performance of weed biomass as mulches, the cost of production and the environmental safety, the hand weeding and herbicide use cannot be preferred alone for use as weed management tools. Therefore, the herbicide use and hand weeding should be used only on casual basis or in emergency; and the mulching methods should be adopted in the long run as mulching method is not only good for weed control but also for maintaining the soil fertility, moisture conservation, and environmental safety.
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Holt, Jodie S. "Impact of Weed Control on Weeds: New Problems and Research Needs." Weed Technology 8, no. 2 (June 1994): 400–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00039002.
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Concerns in the public and agricultural sectors about the impacts of agricultural practices have led many weed scientists to refocus research efforts toward development of alternative strategies of weed management. To develop methods of weed management that will supplement or replace herbicides, the impacts of agricultural practices on weeds must be better understood. With a foundation of knowledge in basic weed biology, alternatives to herbicides can be made available in the future.
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Kundu, Susanta, and Sharif Ahmad. "WEED CONTROL IN IMPROVING CROP YIELD WITH TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i01.014.
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The need for agricultural production is directly associated with the increased global population and limited agricultural land resources. Natural dependencies on weather & climatic conditions and factors like weeds, diseases, pests, or combinatorial issues play a significant role in the final agricultural yield. While disease and pest controls are relatively straightforward, weed control has more challenges since it coexists with crops as a contender of the same soil nutrition and favorable environment during the plant growth period. Weeds are detrimental to harvest, but it is manageable to protect through various biological, chemical, cultural, or physical mechanisms and compliant with ecological methods. Literature reveals that the weed control methods have few shortcomings, influencing overall crop production. However, the advent of precision technology in agriculture will provide a way to overcome such drawbacks. This article highlights the literature, uses various technological methods to control weeds more precisely and considers other factors influencing weed management. The study also highlights a brief covering the need for management and development of technology involved in weed management, with more thrust on identifying a few more prevailing weed control challenges in India and provision for futuristic planning to support the small farmers as end-users!
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Hoyle, Jared A., J. Scott McElroy, and J. Jack Rose. "Weed Control Using an Enclosed Thermal Heating Apparatus." Weed Technology 26, no. 4 (December 2012): 699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00057.1.
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Weed control by heat or flaming typically uses flames to burn small weeds, directed away from desired crops. This research studied an enclosed flaming system for weed control before turfgrass establishment. Field research trials were conducted to explore the efficacy of a PL-8750 flame sanitizer at two application timings. Treatments included various application methods of PL-8750 flame sanitizer and common thermal and chemical weed control methods. Data were weed control relative to the control treatment. Species evaluated included carpetweed, Virginia buttonweed, spotted spurge, large crabgrass, goosegrass, old world diamond-flower, cocks-comb kyllinga, and yellow nutsedge. Turfgrass establishment was not successful in summer but was successful in fall. Fall-application timing trials resulted in > 60% tall fescue establishment at 6 wk after seeding (WAS) for all treatments. Summer-application timing trials resulted in unacceptable turfgrass establishment (≤ 18%) for all evaluated turfgrass species at 6 WAS. Broadleaf and grassy weeds were better controlled compared with sedge weeds. Overall, solarization; covered, emerged-weed flaming; and double applications of covered, emerged-weed flaming were the most successful treatments. Solarization controlled carpetweed, Virginia buttonweed, spotted spurge, large crabgrass, and goosegrass > 80% at 6 WAS. Weed control across thermal treatments were equal to or greater than the comparison chemical treatment (dazomet at 389 kg ha−1). Results indicate thermal weed control has potential for reducing weed populations before turfgrass establishment.
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jang, Il, Ji Eun Kang, Hyang Mi Kim, Yong Seog Park, Jeong Deug Lee, and Sang Jae Suh. "Weed Control Efficacy and Production of Fruit according to Several Weed Control Methods in an Apple Orchard." Weed & Turfgrass Science 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5660/wts.2015.4.2.104.
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Zarzecka, Krystyna, Alicja Baranowska, and Marek Gugała. "The influence of soil tillage systems and weed control methods on weed infestation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Acta Agrobotanica 62, no. 2 (2012): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2009.045.
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A field experiment was conducted in the years 2002- 2004 at the Zawady Agricultural Experimental Station (52<sup>o</sup>06' N; 22<sup>o</sup>06' E), belonging to the University of Podlasie in Siedlce, Poland. The investigated factors were two soil tillage systems (traditional and reduced) and seven methods of weed control in potato canopies with herbicide application. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of tillage systems and weed control methods on the weed species composition and weed density. Tillage systems, weed control methods and atmospheric conditions prevailing in the study years significantly varied weed infestation of potato canopies at the beginning of vegetation and before tuber harvest. The lowest number of weeds, compared to the control treatment, was recorded in the treatments in which chemical and mechanical weed control had been applied. The treatments with the traditional tillage system also showed lower weed infestation than those in which simplifications had been applied.
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Das, R., B. C. Patra, M. K. Mandal, A. Pathak, and A. K. Dolai. "Efficacy of some weed control methods in soybean during kharif season." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i1.766.
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An experiment was undertaken at the C block research farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, to find out the efficacy of some weed control methods in soybean (cv. Bragg) during kharif season of 2011 -12 and 2012-13. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design (RBD) with 8 treatments in 4 replications. Treatments comprised of two different kinds of mulching (paddy straw @ 5 t ha-1 and polyethylene), two herbicides (Flumioxazin @ 30 g a.i. ha-1 as pre-emergence and Quizalofop-ethyl @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 as post-emergence) alone and in combination, twice hand weeding at 25 and 50 days after sowing (DAS), integrated approach of Flumioxazin @ 30 g a.i. ha-1 as pre-emergence along with one hand weeding at 25 DAS and one weedy check treatment. Among the weed control treatments, twice hand weeding at 25 and 50 DAS resulted the highest control of weeds (5.91 gm-2, 6.09 gm-2 at 30 DAS and at harvest respectively) and produced the highest grain yield at harvest (2797 kg ha-1), followed by Flumioxazin @ 30 g a.i. ha-1 as pre-emergence along with one hand weeding at 25 DAS, straw mulch @ 5 t ha-1, polyethylene mulch and combination of Flumioxazin @ 30 g a.i. ha-1 as pre-emergence + Quizalofop-ethyl @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 as post-emergence.
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Vitelli, J. S., and J. L. Pitt. "Assessment of current weed control methods relevant to the management of the biodiversity of Australian rangelands." Rangeland Journal 28, no. 1 (2006): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj06016.
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The Australian rangelands contain extensive and often dense populations of a wide variety of weed species. An array of techniques is available for effectively controlling many of these. To achieve long-term weed control, weeds should be targeted objectively and the dependence on the use of single treatments such as herbicides and machinery reduced, with greater adoption of integrated methods. The combination of methods will differ if the primary objective within the rangelands is to restore and maintain biodiversity or to improve forage production for domestic and native animals. Revegetation of sites and exclusion of herbivores from weed treated areas is important in establishing species that will compete with invasive weeds. Due to rangelands being sparsely populated, the necessary equipment, skills and finances to use appropriate control options on extensive weed infestations are often lacking, with landholders requiring the assistance of local, state and federal authorities to assist in managing weeds.
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Popy, Fahima Sultana, AKM Mominul Islam, Ahmed Khairul Hasan, and Md Parvez Anwar. "Integration of chemical and manual control methods for sustainable weed management in inbred and hybrid rice." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 15, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v15i2.35057.
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Herbicidal weed control is gaining popularity in the developing countries but its efficacy still remains unclear. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to find out appropriate weed management practices for inbred and hybrid rice. The experiment comprised of inbred and hybrid varieties (two of each), and eight weed control treatments arranged in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Hybrid varieties performed better in terms of yield attributes and yield than inbred varieties. The highest grain yield (5.3 t ha−1) was obtained from the hybrid Agrodhan-12 and the lowest one (4.3 t ha−1) was from inbred Binadhan-7. Weed free treatment resulted in the highest grain yield (6.1 t ha−1) and the lowest one was with weedy treatment (1.96 t ha−1). The highest grain yield was obtained from Agrodhan-12 in weed free condition (6.9 t ha-1), while the lowest value was in inbred BRRI dhan49 under weedy condition (1.73 t ha−1). Weed-free treatment and the treatments of Pretilachlor fb Penoxsolum, Pretilachlor fb hand weeding, and Pendimethalin fb hand weeding showed similar performances in reducing weed density and eventually resulted in similar and the highest grain yield. Based on these results it may conclude that Pretilachlor applied at 2 days after transplanting (DAT) fb Penoxsolum at 21 DAT is the best weed management option. But from sustainability viewpoint, Pretilachlor or Pendimethalin applied at 2 DAT along with one hand weeding at 35 DAT may be recommended for effective weed management in inbred and hybrid rice during monsoon season.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 158-166, December 2017
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Ivanov, S. "Weeds and weed control in forage pea: A Review." Agricultural Science and Technology 11, no. 2 (June 2019): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2019.02.017.
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Abstract. A major limitation factor for the low productivity in peas is weeding. A particularly critical moment in the race between the crop and weeds is the early period of growth and development. Given the influence of the varying climatic and soil conditions on the diversity and density of weed species, a differentiated approach is needed to remove them by using chemical and agrotechnical means. Studies on the varietal susceptibility to herbicides in forage pea in Bulgaria are very limited due to the fact that varietal diversity was not available in the recent past. The objective of the paper is to present a short analysis of the studies relating to weeding in peas and the control of the more important weed groups in it as well as to establish an individual approach in applying agrotechnical and chemical methods for weed control in growing different pea varieties of winter and spring forms. The use of pea varieties different in biological type as well as the possibilities to use varieties from the European variety list in modern agriculture determines the need to test the reaction of each individual variety not only to the herbicides recommended for this crop, but also to new herbicidal preparations and doses. Determining the composition of weed associations, applying suitable herbicides and herbicide mixtures in weed control of pea, combined with proper agrotechnics, is a prerequisite for optimizing the biological productive potential of the crop.
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Hossain, J., MO Ali, MA Islam, MS Alam, MR Islam, and J. Rahman. "Seed Yield and Yield Components of Sesame as Affected by Various Weed Control Methods." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 23, no. 1 (November 4, 2020): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v23i1.50126.
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Weed control strategy greatly influences on weed infestation and yield of sesame. An experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna during Kharif-1 season of two consecutive years 2015-16 and 2016-17 to find out the suitable weed control methods in sesame. It comprises five weed control methods viz., Application of Panida (T1), Application of Panida with one hand weeding at 20 DAE (T2), One hand weeding at 20 DAE (T3), Two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAE (T4) and Control (no weeding) (T5 ). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Among the weed species, Cyperus rotundus and Digitaria sangunalis were the most abundant weeds. Application of Panida with one hand weeding at 20 DAE (T2) gave the lowest weed density, weed biomass and the highest weed control efficiency followed by application of Panida (T1) in both years. Weed biomass influenced negatively on plant height, number of capsule plant-1, seed yield and stalk yield. The maximum seed yield and stalk yield were also obtained from T2 which was statistically similar to T1 treatment and the minimum seed yield from T5. Economic analysis indicated that T2 gave higher gross return but T1 provided higher gross margin and benefit cost ratio. The treatment, T4 showed higher total variable cost due to the high cost of labour for hand weeding with the increase of variable cost, which affected the marginal return and benefit-cost ratio. However, based on the economic point of view, application of Panida in pre-emergence condition (T1) was a profitable and suitable weed control method in summer sown sesame.
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(1): 107-116
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Głowicka-Wołoszyn, Romana, Andrzej Wołoszyn, Joanna Stanisławska, Agnieszka Kozera, and Zuzanna Sawinska. "ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF WEED CONTROL METHODS IN WINTER WHEAT CULTIVATION ON LARGE-SCALE FARMS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5966.
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In modern agriculture, on large-scale farms using monoculture, reduced tillage and intense chemical protection, the phenomenon of herbicide resistance in weeds is the cause of ecological and economic losses. More and more attempts are made to answer the question about the profitability of reducing agrotechnical treatments and intensifying chemical methods of weed control with a simultaneous intensification of the problem of herbicide resistance in weeds occurring in winter wheat crops, which dominates the structure of cereal sowing in Poland. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the costs of weed control for winter wheat cultivation on large-scale farms where there was no problem of weed resistance and on farms where resistant biotypes were identified. The research was based on a survey conducted among owners of farms cultivating winter wheat in 2019. The collected data were elaborated using basic methods of descriptive statistics and economic analysis. Based on the research results, it was found that with an increase in the area of farms, reduced tillage and monoculture are used more frequently than conventional tillage and crop rotation. At the same time, the commonly used chemical weed control methods are more frequently applied than mechanical ones. Economic efficiency indicators for winter wheat protection against weeds indicate a decrease in this efficiency with an increase in farm size. This is because the larger the farms, the more frequently the occurrence of resistant weed biotypes, which was confirmed by laboratory tests, and farmers more often assumed that such a problem occurred on their farms
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Sahoo, S., G. N. Dhanapal, Pavankumar Goudar, M. T. Sanjay, and M. K. Lal. "Yield and weed density of Blackgram (Vignamungo (L.) Hepper) as influenced by weed control methods." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1259.
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The study conducted with pre-emergent herbicides alone and with sequential application of post-emergent herbicides at All India Co-ordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Weed management, Gandhi KrishiVignyan Kendra (GKVK), Bangalore in late rabi season of 2013 revealed the predominance of grasses over broad leaved weeds in blackgram. Interculture @ 20 days after sowing (DAS) and hand weeding @ 40 DAS resulted in higher yield (1182 and 5873 kg ha-1 seed and haulm yield, respectively) and least weed density of 41.33 m-2 during harvest. Uncontrolled weed growth recorded maximum population (70.00 m-2). During initial days pendimethalin 30 EC @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 and alachlor 50 EC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 recorded significantly least weed population of 29.33 m-2at p< 0.05 level of significance. Uncontrolled weed growth resulted in maximum reduction in yield of 65.64 per cent.
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Samanta Tanu, Shaon, Purnendu Biswas, Sultan Ahmed, and Swadesh Chandar Samanta. "EFFICACY OF SUNFLOWER RESIDUES AND HERBICIDES IN CONTROLLING WEEDS IN TRANSPLANTED RICE." International Journal of Applied Biology 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijab.v4i1.10360.
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The experiment was conducted at Agronomy Field Laboratory of Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh from July 2018 to November 2018 to find out the effect of sunflower residues and herbicides on weed control and yield of T. Aman rice. Weed control methods tested were T1= weedy check,T2 = Weed free check, T3 = Pendimethalin,T4 = Pretilachlor,T5= Butachlor,T6 = Pyrazosulfuron ethyl,T7 = Bensulfuron methyl + Acetachlor,T8 = Bispyriback sodium,T9 =2,4-D amine,T10 =MCPA,T11 = Sunflower residues ,T12 = Sunflower residues + 100%Pyrazosulfuron ethyl,T13 = Sunflower residues + 75%Pyrazosulfuron ethyl,T14 = Sunflower residues + 50%Pyrazosulfuron ethyl. The weed spectrum of the experimental field consisted of all the three groups of weeds viz., grasses (15.78%), sedges (59.02%) and broad-leaved weeds (25.2%). The dominants weeds were Cynodon dactylonand Echinochloa crusgalli among grasses; Cyperus difformis, Fimbristylis miliacea and Scirpus supinus among sedges and Jussiaea decurrens among broad-leaved weeds. Hand weeding recorded the highest weed control efficiency (99.05%) and weedy check recorded the lowest. Among different herbicides applied alone, butachlor had the highest weed control efficiency (87.59%).Hand weeding produced the highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1) which was statistically similar to butachlor, pendimethalin, pretilachlor, bensulfuron methyl + acetachlor and sunflower residues + 100% pyrazosulfuronethyl. Application of sunflower residues along with the reduced rate (75 or 50%) of pyrazosulfuron ethyl had effective weed control and satisfactory yield comparable to butachlor. The farmers can use this technology as an eco-friendly approach in transplanted Aman rice field.
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Pattanayak, Sarthak, Satyananda Jena, and Rabindra Kumar Paikaray. "Effect of crop establishment methods and weed management practices in rice on weed density, weed dry weight and weed control efficiency." International Journal of Chemical Studies 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2021.v9.i1q.11390.
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Jehangir, Intikhab Aalum, Ashaq Hussain, Najeeb R. Sofi, Shabir H. Wani, Omar M. Ali, Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef, Waseem Raja, and M. Anwar Bhat. "Crop Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices Affect Grain Yield and Weed Dynamics in Temperate Rice." Agronomy 11, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 2137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112137.
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Higher demand and cost of labor and water shortage have forced the farmers to look for an alternate method of cultivation in rice as a substitute to the existing conventional transplanting. Dry direct seeding and water seeding have emerged as better alternatives over transplanting method. These methods not only result in labor saving, but also result in significant water saving in rice. These are important adaptation strategies to the impending climate change. However, the direct seeding method is confronted with severe weed infestation and yield losses if weeds are not managed well. Against this backdrop, a field study was undertaken during kharif seasons of 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the effect of crop establishment methods and weed management practices on rice and its associated weed flora. The results demonstrated that grain yields obtained under water seeding (WS) were statistically at par with transplanting (CT), but significantly superior to dry direct seeding (DDSR). Yield attributes were significantly superior in WS as compared DDSR, but were at par with CT. Weed density followed the order of DDSR > WS > CT. With the advancement in age of the crop, sedges dominated in DDSR, whereas broad-leafweeds (BLW) dominated in WS and CT methods of establishment. All the herbicides reduced the weed density significantly as compared to weedy check. Penoxulam (PE) reduced the weed density and weed dry matter on an average by 91% and 92% at 30 DAS/DAT over weedy check, respectively. PE proved significantly superior in controlling all the sedges and grasses but was less effective against BLW. Maximum reduction in yield due to weeds was observed in weedy check (WC) (58%) and the lowest was observed in PE (3%). Application of PE @ 22.5 g ha−1 under the WS method of crop establishment resulted in highest average weed control efficiency and grain yield.
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Nath, Somendra, Sandeep Kumar, and Suresh Kumar Kannaujiya. "Effect of different weed control methods to yield of lowland transplanted rice in the Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 1, no. 02 (December 31, 2016): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2016.1.2.9.
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An experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2014 at crop cafeteria form of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jaunpur to assess the effect of different weed control methods to yield of low land rice (Oryza sativa L.). Weed competition will reduce rice yield. It has been conducted from 15 June 2014 until October 2014 with variety Pusa Sugandha-5 (It is non basmati variety but aromatic) nursery was done on 15 June and 23 days old seedling were transplanted. The experiment laid out using Randomized Block design with five treatments (A = unweed control (Weedy check), B = manual weeding (Two hand weeding), C = herbicide containing Penoxulam + Cyhalofop- butyl, D = Bispyribac sodium, and E = 2, 4 D + Methyl metsulfuron). The results showed that weed control using herbicides containing Bispyribac sodium and 2.4 D + Methyl metsulfuron showed similar results as manual weed control on rice yield. The maximum weed index was observed in weedy check plots.
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Satapathy, BS, B. Duary, Sanjoy Saha, S. Munda, and D. Chatterjee. "Impact of sowing methods and weed control practices on yield and economics of wet direct seeded rice." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 58, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.4.
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Wet direct seeding is proved as a viable alternate to conventional transplanting method of rice. Maintenance of optimum population by adopting an appropriate sowing method followed by judicious weed control practices ensures profitability of wet direct seeded rice (W-DSR). A field experiment was carried out to find out a suitable sowing technique and weed control options for enhancing productivity and economics of W-DSR. The W-DSR was infested with twelve numbers of weed species comprising of eight families under different sowing methods. The composition of sedges, broadleaved (BLW) and grassy weeds was 83.07, 11.0 and 5.93%, respectively. Irrespective of sowing methods, weeds such as, Echinochloa glabrescens and Leptochloa chinensis among grasses, Cyperus difformis and Scirpus juncoides among sedges and Lindernia anagallis among BLW were dominant. Drum seeding recorded 6.9 and 12.7% higher gross and net return, respectively than broadcasting, but it was at par with spot seeding. Highest B: C ratio of 2.07 was recorded with drum seeding, whereas spot seeding recorded lowest B: C ratio (1.99). Crop-weed competition caused 31.7% reduction in grain yield with W-DSR. Application of early post-emergent herbicide bensulfuron-methyl + pretilachlor @ 60+600 g/ha at 10 DAS, azimsulfuron @ 35 g/ha at 20 DAS, and bispyribac sodium @ 30 g/ha at 20 DAS recorded increase in grain yield 40.3, 40.1 and 39.8%, respectively over the weedy check. Ready mix bensulfuron-methyl + pretilachlor @ 60+600 g/ha at 10 DAS registered highest B: C ratio (2.16) but it did not vary significantly with bispyribac sodium @ 30 g/ha and azimsulfuron @ 35 g/ha.
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Shehata, Said A., Hussein F. Abouziena, Karima F. Abdelgawad, and Fathia A. Elkhawaga. "Weed Control Efficacy, Growth and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as Affected by Alternative Weed Control Methods." Potato Research 62, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11540-018-9404-1.
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Adamchuk, V. V., M. L. Mintz, I. F. Savchenko, A. M. Boris, M. I. Gritsyshyn, P. A. Rykhlivskyi, I. K. Kasprovich, and V. S. Galai. "Promising directions for the creation and use of technical means for weed control in the system of organic farming." Mehanization and electrification of agricultural, no. 14(113) (2021): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2021-14-7.
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Annotation Purpose. Reduction of labor costs for the production of organic vegetable products through the creation and use of new methods and techniques for weed control. Methods. Monographic, analytical, abstract-logical, structural modeling, design and manufacture of alternative technical means for the implementation of effective methods of weed control in the system of organic farming. Results. The main alternative methods and technical means for weed control in the system of organic farming in the world and in Ukraine are identified. Currently, alternative methods of weed control are weed control by flame, hot water and steam, and electropulse weed control. In fire cultivation, when the soil heating temperature does not exceed 70 °C, proteins in weed plants are damaged in the “thread” stage. In phase 4–6 the leaves, at the same temperature, destroy up to 90 %, and in the later phase of development – up to 75 % of weeds. Conclusions. An analysis of research and publications has shown that the use of known mechanical, thermal and electropulse weed control methods in various technological operations for growing crops will allow effective weed control in organic farming without the use of chemicals. The high-precision navigation system developed in the NSC “IAEE”, which is capable of carrying out a machine-tractor unit at a predetermined trajectory with a deviation of ±2 cm, will solve the problem of combating weeds in the ranks of vegetables and ingun crops in the system of organic farming. Keywords: organic farming, fire cultivation, weed control, steam and hot water, electropulse action.
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ADIGUN, J. A., O. R. ADEYEMI, S. T. O. ,. LAGOKE, P. M. OLORUNMAIYE, O. S. DARAMOLA, and A. O. BABATUNDE. "INFLUENCE OF INTER-ROW SPACING AND WEED CONTROL METHODS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogeal (L.)." Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 16, no. 1 (November 22, 2017): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v16i1.1689.
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Weed competition has been identified as one of the major obstacles in crop production. The produc-tion of groundnut is limited by high weed infestation resulting in yield losses ranging from 50 - 80% in Nigeria. Hence, the need to evaluate integrated weed control in its production. Field trials were there-fore conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (7o 20’ N, 30 23’ E) to evaluate the influence of inter-row spacing and weed control methods on growth and yield of groundnut during the wet seasons in 2009 and 2010. The experiment was a Randomised Complete Design (RCBD) laid out in a split plot with three replications. The main plot treatment con-sisted of three inter-row spacings of 60 cm, 75 cm and 90 cm while the subplots included five weed control treatments of commercial formulation of metolachlor plus promethyne mixture (codal) at 1.0 kg a.i/ha, codal at 1.0 kg a.i./ha followed by supplementary hoe weeding at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS), codal at 2 kg a.i./ha, hoe weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS and a weedy check. Inter-row spacings of 60 cm and 75 cm reduced weed growth with consequent higher yields compared to the inter-row spacings of 90 cm in the early season of 2009. Application of codal at 1.0 kg a.i./ha followed by supplementary hoe weeding at 6 WAS combined with 60cm inter-row spacing gave effective weed control and higher groundnut pod yield than hoe-weeded control in both years of experimentation.
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Kolören, Onur, and Feyzullah Nezihi Uygur. "Cansız Malçlama Yöntemlerinin Mandalina Bahçesinde Yabancı Otlanma Üzerine Olan Etkisi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 12 (November 20, 2015): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i12.920-925.507.
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The possible use of three different thickness black geotextile materials (GEO-50, GEO-100 and GEO-150) , the new control methods for our country, compared with weedy check among of the rows and using herbicide (Glyphosate), mowing, black polyethylene with weedy check on the rows have been investigated for controlling of weeds which is a considerable problem of tangerine orchard. Experimental randomly plots were arranged by considering complete block design with five replications on the rows treatment. Mulch materials were applied apart for width of 160 cm on the rows. When weed coverage (%) reached 10-15%, herbicide (Glyphosate) was applied with 600 cc/da. Mowing was applied when weed lenght and coverage (%) reached 10-15 cm and 10-15, respectively. Weed coverage (%) and numbers were counted in 15 days intervals at the quadrats for all plots. The results of the studies for tangerine orange 4 years old showed that mulching with black geotextile and polyethylene were more supressed than the other control methods on the row. Average weed coverage (%) was found 56.09% in control (weedy), 24.66% in mowing, 11.05% in herbicide, 3.09% in black polyethylene, 2.78% in GEO-50, 0.87% GEO-100 and 0.76% JEO-150, respectively. As observed weed coverage (%), the similar result was found for weed number in black geotextile treatments.
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Martin, Daniel E., Mohamed A. Latheef, Juan D. Lopez, and Sara E. Duke. "Aerial Application Methods for Control of Weed Species in Fallow Farmlands in Texas." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111764.
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Prolific growth of weeds, especially when followed by abundant rainfall, is common in Texas farmlands during early winter and progresses into spring when farmers begin chiseling and disking operations for spring-seeded cropping. This research sought to develop aerial application technologies designed to control unwanted vegetation in croplands left fallow until spring. The aerial nozzles used in the study were conventional hydraulic (CP), rotary atomizer, and electrostatically (ES) charged nozzles. Glyphosate at 0.4145 kg ae·ha−1 was applied on weeds using a fixed-wing aircraft equipped with various aerial nozzles used as treatments. The spray application rate for the conventional and rotary atomizer nozzles was 28.1 L·ha−1, while that for the ES charged nozzle was 9.4 L·ha−1. Aerial and ground-based remote sensing and visual estimates quantified weed vigor and canopy health. Both the CP and rotary atomizer nozzles were efficacious in suppressing weeds. ES charged on nozzles at one-third of the spray application rate of the CP and the rotary atomizer nozzles were equally effective in reducing weed vigor. More aerially applied replicated field research trials conducted over time and space are needed to unravel the differences between aerial spray nozzle technologies for controlling weed populations in Texas farmlands.
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Johnson, W. Carroll. "A Review of Weed Management Challenges in Organic Peanut Production." Peanut Science 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps18-12.1.
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ABSTRACT Organic peanut production is a high-risk cropping system, largely due to difficulties in managing weeds using methods acceptable for certified-organic production. In contrast with conventional peanut production that relies heavily on synthetic herbicides, organic peanut production must use an integrated system to manage weeds. The foundation for an integrated weed management system is cultural weed control which is a system of production practices that promote uniform peanut growth to suppress weeds. Cultural weed control includes practices that promote vigorous early-season peanut growth and lessen chances for weed escapes. Mechanical weed control is based on repeated cultivation using a tine weeder and sweep cultivator to control weeds before they emerge. However, weed control consistency from cultivation is affected by rainfall that can delay scheduled cultivations and hinder implement function. Handweeding is also a form of mechanical weed control that is used to supplement other weed control efforts by controlling escapes. Herbicides derived from natural products and thermal weed control using propane flaming have limited value in organic peanut production due to limited weed control spectra, specifically poor control of annual grasses and perennial weeds. Successful weed management in certified organic peanut production will depend on an integrated system, not a single form of weed control.
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Saha, Sanjoy, Sushmita Munda, Sudhanshu Singh, Virender Kumar, Hemant Kumar Jangde, Ashirbachan Mahapatra, and Bhagirath S. Chauhan. "Crop Establishment and Weed Control Options for Sustaining Dry Direct Seeded Rice Production in Eastern India." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020389.
Full textAbstract:
Dry direct seeded rice (DSR) has emerged as an economically viable alternative to puddled transplanted rice to address emerging constraints of labor and water scarcity and the rising cost of cultivation. However, wide adoption of DSR is seriously constrained by weed management trade-off. Therefore, the availability of effective weed control options is critical for the success and wide-scale adoption of DSR. A field study was conducted at ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India, in the dry seasons of 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the performance of three crop establishment methods and five weed control practices on weed management, productivity, profitability and energetics of dry DSR. The results demonstrated that weed density and weed dry weight was lower in drill seeding than broadcast seeding by 26–36% and manual line-seeding by 16–24%, respectively, at 30 and 60 days after crop emergence (DAE). Among herbicides, post-emergence application (17 DAE) of azimsulfuron was most effective in controlling weeds compared to early post application of bispyribac-sodium and bensulfuron-methyl+pretilachlor. Weed competition in the weedy check treatment resulted 58% reduction in rice yield. Among establishment methods, drill-seeding was most profitable with US $ 685 ha−1 higher net income than broadcast seeding primarily due to higher yield. Among weed control treatments, azimsulfuron was most profitable resulting in US $ 160 and 736 ha−1 higher net income than weed free and weedy check, respectively. The specific energy was lowest for drill seeding among establishment method and azimsulfuron among weed control practices, suggesting lowest energy consumed in producing per unit of grain yield.
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Radosevich, Steven R. "Methods to Study Interactions Among Crops and Weeds." Weed Technology 1, no. 3 (July 1987): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00029523.
Full textAbstract:
Studies of weed and crop competition can be used to predict yield losses from weed presence and to determine optimum levels or periods of weed control. However, competition is a complex phenomenon that is governed by various biological, environmental, and proximity factors. The factors of proximity include plant density, species proportion, and spatial arrangement among individuals. Several experimental methods have been developed that attach different levels of importance to proximity factors. These methods are described, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. Density, proportion, and arrangement of plants influence the outcome of competition experiments and should be incorporated into studies of crop-weed interference, since differing estimates for the effects of weeds on crop productivity can be obtained, depending upon the experimental method used.
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Kurdiukova, O., and O. Tyshchuk. "Measures of weed control by means of environmentally friendly technologies in summer-autumn period." Karantin i zahist roslin, no. 2-3 (March 19, 2020): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.2-3.10-13.
Full textAbstract:
Goal. To select criteria for optimal solutions for calculating techniques of effective control of weeds in the summer-autumn period, taking into account their biological groups, the level of weed infestation and harmfulness.
Methods. The experiments were carried out in a stationary field crop rotation, laid down in 2010. Carrying out the experiment and determining weed infestation was performed according to generally accepted methods. To process data and criteria for optimal combinations of weed control methods, the calculation method was used.
Results. The essence of the optimal solution for controlling weeds in the summer-autumn period is as follows. The period of time, during which effective control of weeds can be carried out is determined. This is the period from harvesting the crop to the end of the weed growing season. The number of possible agro-technical technique of control is taken into account. It is assumed that for the emergence of annual seedlings or the restoration of the organs of vegetative propagation of perennial weeds, an average of 15 days is required. The possible harm in the given field of various biological groups of weeds is calculated in points by multiplying the actual weed infestation in points by the value of their harmfulness by rank. A table is compiled of the ranks of the effectiveness of agro-technical control techniques for each biological group of weeds. The most effective individual weed control techniques or their combination are selected. Each technique or combination thereof is evaluated and summing up the results; effective methods for controlling weeds are determined by indicators of the least residual damage. In order to determine the reasonability of increasing the number of agricultural practices, the conditional weed harm score is calculated by dividing the sum of the results by the square of the number of techniques. A decrease in the conditional score with an increase in the number of agro-technical measures shows that a further increase in the number of weed control methods is impractical.
Conclusions. In the system of ecologically safe farming, the main attention in the weed control system belongs to summer-autumn agro-technical techniques. Calculation of such weed control in specific soil and climatic conditions can significantly increase the effectiveness of both individual agricultural methods and their combinations.