Relevant bibliographies by topics / Weeds – Biological control – Zimbabwe

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Weeds – Biological control – Zimbabwe'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Weeds – Biological control – Zimbabwe"

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Kurugundla, C. N., B. Mathangwane, S. Sakuringwa, and G. Katorah. "Alien Invasive Aquatic Plant Species in Botswana: Historical Perspective and Management." Open Plant Science Journal 9, no. 1 (June 14, 2016): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874294701609010001.

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Aquatic ecosystems in Botswana have been under threat by the aquatic alien invasive plant species viz., salvinia Salvinia molesta Mitchell, water lettuce Pistia stratiotes L., and water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laub. While salvinia has been termed the major threat to the Botswana wetlands, water lettuce and water hyacinth are considered to be of minor importance. This review presents the species biology, distribution, historical spread, negative impacts, control achieved right from their discovery in the country by referring to their control and management in the world. Having infested the Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers in the 1970s, salvinia was initially tried by the use of herbicides, paraquat and glyphosate, between 1972 and 1976. With the discovery of the host specific biological control weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands in 1981, the weevil was introduced by Namibians on Kwando and Chobe Rivers in 1983 and by Botswana in 1986 in the Okavango Delta. While the control was slowly establishing in Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers, it became apparent that lakes and perennial swamps within and outside Moremi Game Reserve of the Okavango Delta were infested with salvinia from 1992 onwards. With continuous and sustained liberation of the weevil in the Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers and in the Okavango Delta between 1999 and 2000, salvinia control was achieved by 2003, and since then the weevil constantly keeps the weed at low levels. The success is mainly due to sustainable monitoring through the application of physical and biological control methods. However, salvinia is still threatening the Okavango Delta due to factors such as tourism activities, boat navigation fishing and transporttion by wild animals. The first occurrence of water lettuce was recorded on Kwando and Chobe Rivers in 1986. Its biocontrol weevil Neohydronomous affinis Hustache was released in the year 1987. The weevil became extinct in Selinda Canal and Zibadianja Lake on Kwando River due to dry and wet events for over 10 years and the weed had been under control biologically on Chobe River. Having surface covered the Selinda and a part of the Zibadianja in high flood and rainfall in 1999/2000 season, research was undertaken to contain water lettuce, which led to its eradication by 2005. Regular physical removal of the water lettuce prior to fruit maturity is an effective method of control or eradicating the weed in seasonal water bodies. The Limpopo Basin (shared by Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique) has become vulnerable to water hyacinth infestation. Water hyacinth infested the trans-boundary Limpopo River in 2010 sourced from Hartbeesport Dam on Crocodile River in South Africa. Botswana and South Africa have been consulting each other to implement integrated control of the weed jointly in the Limpopo River. Water hyacinth could be a continuous threat to the dams and the rivers in the Limpopo basin if its control is not taken seriously. These three species are found growing in Botswana in a range of pH between 4.5 and 10.3 and in the range of conductivities between 20 and 580 µS cm-1. Range of soluble nitrates, phosphates and potassium in the habitats of salvinia infestations were 0.02 to 1.5, 0.01 to 1.78 and 0.3 to 6.92 mg L-1 respectively. Water lettuce infestation in the seasonal Selinda Canal had a maximum of 4.7 mg L-1 nitrates, 2.8 mg L-1 phosphates and 7.9 mg L-1 potassium. Nevertheless, these three nutrients were in the range of 0.41 to 9.56 mg L-1, 0.2 to 2.9 mg L-1, and 7.7 to 11.53 mg L-1 respectively in the Limpopo River where water hyacinth infestations were observed. These nutrients were considerably high during decomposition phase of biological control of weeds. The Government of Botswana “regulates the movement and importation of boats and aquatic apparatus, to prevent the importation and spread of aquatic weeds both within and from the neighboring countries” by “Aquatic Weed (Control) Act” implemented in 1986. These measures, combined with communities, conservation groups, NGOs and public awareness campaigns, have highlighted the gravity of aquatic weeds spreading into wetlands, dams and other water bodies. In conclusion, the Government of Botswana is committed and supportive through the Department of Water Affairs in protecting the wetlands of the country efficiently and prudently.
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Chikwenhere, Godfrey P., and C. L. Keswani. "Economics of biological control of Kariba weed (Salvinia molesta Mitchell) at Tengwe in north-western Zimbabwe- a case study." International Journal of Pest Management 43, no. 2 (January 1997): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096708797228780.

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McFadyen, Rachel E. Cruttwell. "BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS." Annual Review of Entomology 43, no. 1 (January 1998): 369–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.369.

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Templeton, George E. "Biological control of weeds." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 3, no. 2-3 (1988): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002204.

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AbstractA shortage of effective, non-chemical pest control measures is a major constraint to more widespread adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. Overcoming this constraint with biological pest control tactics appears to be an attainable goal but will require substantial public sector support. Biological agents that are self-perpetuating do not offer profit incentive to private industry. On the other hand, microbial pesticides, which do require annual application, often are so highly specific for particular pests that the private sector is unable to risk venture capital for their development. Collaboration between public- and private-sector scientists is essential for biological pesticide development. In the U.S., a model working relationship for technology transfer between the private and public sector has been achieved with two commercial mycoherbicides, Collego™ and DeVine™. The model illustrates the strengths of the public sector for creating and storing fundamental knowledge of biological interactions at the organismal and ecosystem levels, also the capability of the private sector for large-scale production of fungi, for drying labile, living products, for effective patent protection, for satisfying EPA registration requirements, and for the commercial distribution, marketing and servicing of agricultural products. From three perspectives-biological, technical, and commercial—the success of Collego™ and DeVine™ has provided a definite step in the quest for low-cost weed control methods that are not hazardous to the environment nor in ground water. These successes also provide a model for an approach to reducing the dependence of agriculture upon chemical herbicides, the most extensively used chemical pesticides in agricultural production, likewise a useful insight toward technology that can lead to more widespread adoption of low-input, environmentally compatible and sustainable agricultural production.
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Bekuzarova, S. A., I. M. Khanieva, G. V. Lushchenko, D. M. Mamiev, and A. A. Tedeeva. "Weeds biological control technique." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 548 (September 2, 2020): 082008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/548/8/082008.

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Strobel, Gary A. "Biological Control of Weeds." Scientific American 265, no. 1 (July 1991): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0791-72.

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Boyetchko, Susan M. "Principles of Biological Weed Control." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 750D—750. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.750d.

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Weeds continue to have a tremendous impact on crop yield losses in Canada and the United States, despite efforts to control them with chemicals. Biological control offers an additional means for reducing weed populations while reducing the reliance of the agri-food industry on chemical pesticides. Effective biological strategies that are compatible with good soil conservation practices would benefit farmers while maintaining environmental quality and a sustained production for the future. Inundative biological control of weeds with microbial agents involves the mass production and application of high concentrations of a plant pathogen to a target weed. Historically, biocontrol agents used on weeds have been foliar fungal pathogens. More recently, the soil has become a source for microorganisms, such as rhizobacteria, for development as biological control agents. Several naturally occurring rhizobacteria have weed suppressive properties, where growth and development of weeds such as downy brome, wild oats, leafy spurge, and green foxtail are significantly inhibited. Although the focus in weed biocontrol has been on the eradication of weeds, rhizobacteria may be used to improve seedling establishment of the crop by reducing the weed competition. This can be achieved through a reduction in weed growth, vigor, and reproductive capacity and improvement in the ability of the crop to compete with the weed. Current research in weed biocontrol with microorganisms and its application to weed management systems will be discussed.
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Kumar, Naveen, and Aribam Sonali Devi. "Biological control of weeds: A review." International Journal of Chemical Studies 8, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 1316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i6s.10942.

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Mortensen, K. "Biological control of weeds with plant pathogensBiological control of weeds with plant pathogens." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 8, no. 2 (June 1986): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060668609501832.

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Groenteman, R., D. Kelly, and S. V. Fowler. "Multitargeting for biological control of sleeper weeds." New Zealand Plant Protection 61 (August 1, 2008): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2008.61.6875.

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Sleeper weeds are weeds at the early stage of invasion exotic species that have become naturalised and are highly likely to turn invasive in due course New Zealand has more naturalised exotic vascular plant species than natives many of which are considered sleeper weeds Biological control is more likely to succeed on weeds that have not yet fulfilled their invasive potential hence its significance in management of sleeper weeds Multitargeting is suggested here as a new approach for safe and effective management of multiple closely related invasive and sleeper weed species from groups not represented in the native flora using agents with a relatively wide host range While specifically targeting an invasive species in the group such agents could prevent closely related sleeper weeds from becoming a problem in the first place Thistles were used as a case study and strong support was found for the multitargeting approach Thus three nontarget less preferred thistle species were attacked and damaged by the biocontrol agent Rhinocyllus conicus more in the presence of its preferred host Carduus nutans (nodding thistle) than in its absence both in a field experiment and in a field survey
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Weeds – Biological control – Zimbabwe"

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Mpofu, Bellah. "Biological control of waterhyacinth in Zimbabwe." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40203.

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In a survey conducted in Zimbabwe in 1993, waterhyacinth was present in seven out of the eight provinces. No control measures were imposed on 35% of the infested dams and 61% of the infested rivers, while in 47% of the infested dams and 11% of the infested rivers control of waterhyacinth was being attempted with a combination of 2,4-D and mechanical control methods. The population of Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi declined during the period 1993 to 1995 in the Hunyani River system. Several fungi were isolated from diseased waterhyacinth, and Fusarium moniliforme (isolate 2ex 12), F. solani (isolates 5a ex25 and 2a3), and F. pallidoroseum (isolate 3ex1) were found to be the most pathogenic. Large numbers of viable conidia were produced in shake-flask liquid fermentation with modified Richard's medium and in solid fermentation with food grains. Conidia production in straw was poor with the exception of waterhyacinth straw. Host range studies conducted in pots and in the field indicated that Commelina benghalensis was moderately susceptible to both isolates of F. solani in the field, while Setaria verticilata grown in pots was moderately susceptible to isolate 2a3. Brassica rapa and Crotalaria juncea grown in pots were moderately susceptible to F. moniliforme but they showed no infection in the field. Fifty-nine additional plant species of ecological and agricultural importance were not susceptible to the Fusarium species. When F. solani, F. pallidoroseum and Neochetina spp. were used individually in ponds, they did not control waterhyacinth. When the fungi were combined with Neochetina spp., the area covered by waterhyacinth and the volume of waterhyacinth were significantly reduced.
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Mutinda, Irene. "Biological control of mignonette weeds." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266625.

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Hallett, Steven George. "A dual pathogen strategy for the biological control of weeds." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306579.

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Shaw, Richard Hamilton. "Classical Biological Control of Weeds in Europe : Principles and Practice." Thesis, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498358.

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Diop, Ousseynou. "Management of invasive aquatic weeds with emphasis on biological control in Senegal." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005414.

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In 1985 the Diama Dam was built near the mouth of the Senegal River to regulate flows during the rainy season and prevent the intrusion of seawater during the dry season. This created ideal conditions upstream of the dam wall for invasion by two highly invasive aquatic weeds, first by water lettuce Pistia stratiotes Linnaeus (Araceae) in 1993, and then by salvinia Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell (Salviniaceae) in 1999. This study was focused on the management of P. stratiotes and S. molesta. Following successes that were achieved elsewhere in the world, biological control programmes involving two weevil species were inaugurated against both weeds and research was focused on several aspects. These included pre-release studies to determine the weevils' host-specificity and impact on the plants in the laboratory, their subsequent mass-rearing and releases at selected sites and post-release evaluations on their impact on the weed populations in the field. Both programmes, which reprepresented the first biocontrol efforts against aquatic weeds in Senegal, proved highly successful with severe damage inflicted on the weed populations and complete control achieved within a relatively short time span. A laboratory exclusion experiment with N. affinis on P. stratiotes showed that in treated tubs, the weevil strongly depressed plant performance as measured by the plant growth parameters: mass, rosette diameter, root length, number of leaves and daughter plants whereas control plants were healthy. Field releases started in September 1994 and water coverage by P. stratiotes at Lake Guiers was reduced by 25% in January 1995 and 50% in April 1995. A general decline of 65% in water coverage by P. stratiotes was observed in June 1995 and by August 1995, eight months after releases P. stratiotes mats were destroyed. Further, although no releases were made there, good results were obtained within 18 months at Djoudj Park water bodies, located 150 km NW from Lake Guiers indicating the potential of the weevil to disperse long distances. In 2005, P. stratiotes reappeared and the weevil N. affinis has located and controlled all of these P. stratiotes recurrences after new releases. In 1999, S. molesta covered an estimated area of 18 000 ha on the Senegal River Left Bank and tributaries (Senegal) and 7 840 ha on the Senegal River Right Bank (Mauritania). Military and Civil Development Committee (CCMAD) and community volunteers made an effort to control S. molesta using physical removal, but this costly and labour-intensive approach was unsustainable. Hence, biological control was adopted by Senegal and Mauritania to manage the weed. Host range tests to assess feeding by C. salviniae on S. molesta and non-target plants and carried out on 13 crop species showed that no feeding damage was observed on the latter and weevils only fed on S. molesta. Field releases of some 48 953 weevils at 270 sites were made from early January 2002 to August 2002. Within one year, weevils were established and were being recovered up to 50 km from the release sites. In a case study conducted at one of the release sites, the S. molesta infestation was reduced from 100% to less than 3% 24 months after release. These results are discussed in the context of the weeds’ negative impact on aquatic systems and riverside communities, and in the involvement of these communities in the programmes.
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De, Luna Lilian Z. "Pathogenicity of the three Curvularia isolates to Cyperaceae weeds and rice, Oryza sativa L." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35869.

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Three isolates of Curvularia belonging to Curvularia tuberculata (isolates 93-020 and 93-022) and Curvularia oryzae (isolate 93-061) were obtained from diseased Cyperus difformis, Cyperus iria, and Fimbristylis miliacea, respectively, in the Philippines in 1993. Under greenhouse conditions, these fungal isolates caused high mortality and significant plant dry weight reduction in C. difformis, C. iria, and F. miliacea when sprayed at the rate of 1 x 108 spores/m3. Cross-pathogenicity of the isolates was demonstrated in three other sedge weed species. C. difformis, C. iria, and F. miliacea were killed but C. rotundus was resistant. Most of the thirteen rice varieties tested were resistant to the fungal isolates. The order of decreasing pathogenicity to rice was C. oryzae (93-061), C. tuberculata (93-020), and C. tuberculata (93-022). The infection process of C. tuberculata and C. oryzae was similar. Spore germination was polar for C. tuberculata and bipolar for C. oryzae. Germ tube growth was random and branching. Appressoria were formed preferentially over epidermal cell wall junctions on sedge hosts and over stomatal apertures in rice. Complex infection cushions were observed only on sedge hosts. Infection hyphae developed inter- and intracellularly, causing epidermal cell walls to separate and mesophyll cells to shrink and collapse. The vascular bundles were not invaded. Colonization of susceptible weeds was rapid and conidiophores emerged from the stomatal aperture between 96 to 120 hours post inoculation (HPI). Resistance to C. tuberculata and C. oryzae in C. rotundus and rice was expressed as a delay in appressorial formation, inhibition of fungal growth after penetration, and lack of sporulation.
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Léger, Christian. "Development of a Colletotrichum dematium as a bioherbicide for the control of fireweed." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq29737.pdf.

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Crider, Kimberly Kay. "BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: EFFECTS OF TYRIA JACOBAEAE ON THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF SENECIO JACOBAEA IN NORTHWEST MONTANA." The University of Montana, 2010. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-03092010-140634/.

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Biological control, using introduced, specialist insects is a common strategy for controlling plant invasions. However, the efficacy of biological control agents in controlling their host plants is rarely quantified population level. I quantified the impact of a specialist biological control agent, the cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae) on its host plant, tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) in northwest Montana. Cinnabar moth damage and its effects on important plant vital rates were tested with and without specialist herbivores. The presence of moth larvae corresponded to a reduction in population growth rates to less than one, compared to herbivore-free controls, indicating the potential for successful biological control by this insect. However, delayed effects of cinnabar moth herbivory on tansy ragwort vital rates were realized during the year following moth herbivory, after the moths had disappeared from the system. Individual damage to flowering plants in 2005 led to increased survival of these plants in the following year compared to controls, by reverting back to a vegetative state. In addition, seed set was reduced in plants that were damaged as juvenile rosettes in 2005 that went on to flower in 2006. When these delayed effects were combined in matrix models, gains in adult survival did not outweigh the decreases in fecundity or transition rates in terms of population growth and our initial conclusions remained unchanged. However, further study revealed that moth larvae were more likely to be depredated by carpenter ants in xeric sites suggesting that moth populations may not be sustained in these areas. Cinnabar moth larvae can be effective in this system provided they consume a large number of seeds (>90%) in consecutive years, but requires that moth populations are established and sustained from year to year. While herbivores do show the ability to control an invasive plant species, this relationship is strongly contextual in this system. This work emphasizes the importance of recognizing the influence of habitat context on the outcome plant-herbivore interactions, specifically in invaded ecosystems.

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Morin, Louise. "Development of the field bindweed bioherbicide, Phomopsis convolvulus : spore production and disease development." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59614.

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Phomopsis convolvulus Ormeno, a foliar pathogen of field bindweed, is a good candidate to be developed as a bioherbicide. Large numbers of infective propagules were produced in shake-flask liquid fermentation with modified Richard's (V-8) medium and in solid-substrate fermentation with pearl barley grains. In complex liquid media, pycnidium-like structures were observed. Most conidia stored at $-$70$ sp circ$C remained viable and virulent for at least six months.
In controlled environment studies, a minimum of 18 hr of dew was required for severe disease development on inoculated plants. The addition of gelatin, Sorbo $ sp{ rm TM}$, or BOND$ sp{ rm TM}$ to the inoculum did not enhance the disease under various leaf wetness periods. A continuous dew period of 18 hr was superior to the cumulative effect of three interrupted 6 hr dew periods. Secondary inoculum was produced on diseased plants placed under moist conditions for 48 hr or more.
In greenhouse experiments, seedlings at the cotyledon and 3- to 5- leaf stage were severely diseased and killed when inoculated with 10$ sp9$ conidia/m$ sp2$. This inoculum density adversely affected the regenerative ability of 4 wk old seedlings and established plants, but few plants were killed. Inoculation of the healthy regrowth from plants previously inoculated with the fungus resulted in much less disease symptoms than expected.
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Zhang, Wenming. "Biological control of Echinochloa species with pathogenic fungi." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40293.

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Six pathogenic fungal species were isolated from naturally-infected Echinochloa species and evaluated as biological control agents for E. crus-galli, E. colona, and E. glabrescens in rice. Bipolaris sacchari, Curvularia geniculata, and Exserohilum monoceras were non-pathogenic to rice and caused high mortality of Echinochloa species. E. monoceras was selected for further study. Under regulated greenhouse conditions, an inoculum dose of 2.5 $ times$ 10$ sp7$ conidia/m$ sp2$ killed E. crus-galli and E. glabrescens seedlings while 5.0 $ times$ 10$ sp7$ conidia/m$ sp2$ caused 100% mortality of E. colona seedlings. The 1.5-leaf stage was the most susceptible growth stage for all three Echinochloa species. E. glabrescens was most susceptible to E. monoceras infection, E. crus-galli had an intermediate susceptibility, and E. colona was least susceptible. The optimum temperature for 100% mortality was between 20 and 30 C for all Echinochloa species, whereas the minimum dew period for 100% mortality was 16 h for E. colona, 12 h for E. crus-galli, and 8 h for E. glabrescens. Under screenhouse conditions and in the absence of an artificial dew period, over 90% of Echinochloa seedlings were killed when inoculum was sprayed in an oil emulsion or when applied as a dry powder to the water surface of a simulated paddy field. Maximum conidia production occurred on V-8 juice agar or centrifuged V-8 juice agar, at 28 C in the dark. No conidia were produced in liquid media. Of various agricultural products tested as solid substrates, the highest sporulation (1.81 $ times$ 10$ sp6$ conidia/g dry weight) occurred on corn leaves. Host range tests on 54 plant species in 43 genera and 19 families showed that Rottboellia cochinchinensis, was also highly susceptible to this fungus. Of the crops tested, only corn seedlings were lightly infected under optimum greenhouse conditions but no disease occurred on corn under field conditions. Bipolaris sacchari, Exserohilum monoceras, and E. oryzae
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Books on the topic "Weeds – Biological control – Zimbabwe"

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Controlling garden weeds. Pownal, Vt: Storey Pub., 1997.

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Muniappan, Rangaswamy, Gadi V. P. Reddy, and Anantanarayanan Raman, eds. Biological Control of Tropical Weeds Using Arthropods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511576348.

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Driesche, Roy Van. Control of pests and weeds by natural enemies: An introduction to biological control. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2008.

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Driesche, Roy Van. Control of pests and weeds by natural enemies: An introduction to biological control. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2008.

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Walton, Craig. Reclaiming lost provinces: A century of weed biological control in Queensland. Queensland, Australia: Dept. of Natural Resources and Mines, 2005.

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MacLean, Jayne T. IPM and biological control of weeds: January 1990 - September 1992. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1992.

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MacLean, Jayne T. IPM and biological control of weeds: January 1989 - December 1990. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1991.

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Ascard, Johan. Thermal weed control by flaming: Biological and technical aspects. Alnarp: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, 1995.

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1936-, Rosen David, ed. Biological control by natural enemies. 2nd ed. Cambridge, [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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East African Weed Science Conference (17th 1999 Harare, Zimbabwe). Proceedings of the 17th Biennial Weed Science Society Conference for Eastern Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe. Edited by Chivunge O. A and Weed Science Society for Eastern Africa. Harare: WSSEA, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Weeds – Biological control – Zimbabwe"

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DeLoach, C. Jack. "Biological Control of Snakeweeds." In Noxious Range Weeds, 220–26. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429046483-21.

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Rees, Norman E. "Biological Control of Thistles." In Noxious Range Weeds, 264–73. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429046483-27.

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Evans, Harry C. "Biological Control of Weeds." In Agricultural Applications, 135–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03059-2_8.

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Berry, Colin, Jason M. Meyer, Marjorie A. Hoy, John B. Heppner, William Tinzaara, Clifford S. Gold, Clifford S. Gold, et al. "Biological Control of Weeds." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 501–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_321.

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Quimby, P. C., W. L. Bruckart, C. J. DeLoach, Lloyd Knutson, and M. H. Ralphs. "Biological Control of Rangeland Weeds." In Noxious Range Weeds, 84–102. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429046483-9.

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Rosenthal, Sara S., Gaetano Campobasso, Luca Fornasari, Rouhollah Sobhian, and C. E. Turner. "Biological Control of Centaurea Spp." In Noxious Range Weeds, 292–302. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429046483-29.

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Rees, Norman E., and Neal R. Spencer. "Biological Control of Leafy Spurge." In Noxious Range Weeds, 182–92. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429046483-17.

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Lacy, George H. "Perspectives for Biological Engineering of Prokaryotes for Biological Control of Weeds." In Microbial Control of Weeds, 135–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9680-6_8.

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Stowell, Larry J. "Submerged Fermentation of Biological Herbicides." In Microbial Control of Weeds, 225–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9680-6_13.

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Parker, Paul E. "Nematodes as Biological Control Agents of Weeds." In Microbial Control of Weeds, 58–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9680-6_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Weeds – Biological control – Zimbabwe"

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Tipping, Philip. "Biological control facilitates conventional control of weeds." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.110012.

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Shaw, Richard H. "Growing prospects for classical biological control of weeds in Europe." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.109232.

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Guliyev, S. R. "AGROECOLOGICAL ADVANTAGES OF A HERBITFLESS (BIOLOGICAL) MEASURES FOR CONTROL OF WEEDS IN CORN SEEDS." In VIII International Conference "Science and Society - Methods and Problems of Practical Application". Prague: Premier Publishing s.r.o., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29013/viii-conf-canada-viii-78-84.

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Kashefi, Javid. "Biological control of silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium), one of the worst alien invasive weeds of the Mediterranean basin." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.111538.

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Cristofaro, Massimo. "Protocol for foreign exploration and field studies in the biological control of invasive weeds in the United States." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114504.

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Hansen, Rich. "Classical biological control programs for exotic weeds in the western USA: Long-term assessment of weed management, nontarget effects, and economic and ecological impacts." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.110266.

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Reports on the topic "Weeds – Biological control – Zimbabwe"

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Safeguarding through science: Center for Plant Health Science and Technology 2009 Accomplishments. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7296843.aphis.

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Abstract:
The Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST) provides scientific support for the regulatory decisions and operations of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s (APHIS) Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) program in order to safeguard U.S. agriculture and natural resources. CPHST is responsible for ensuring that PPQ has the information, tools, and technology to make the most scientifically valid regulatory and policy decisions possible. In addition, CPHST ensures that PPQ’s operations have the most scientifically viable and practical tools for pest exclusion, detection, and management. This 2009 CPHST Annual Report is intended to offer an in-depth look at the status of our programs and the progress CPHST has made toward the Center’s long-term strategic goals. CPHST's work is organized into six National Science Programs: Agricultural Quarantine Inspection and Port Technology; Risk and Pathway Analysis; Domestic Surveillance, Detection, and Identification; Emergency Response; Response and Recovery Systems Technology - Arthropods; and Response and Recovery Systems Technology - Plant Pathogens and Weeds. the scientists of CPHST provide leadership and expertise in a wide range of fields, including risk assessments that support trade, commodity quarantine treatments, pest survey and detection methods, molecular diagnostics, biological control techniques, integrated pest management, and mass rearing of insects. Some highlights of significant CPHST efforts in 2009 include: Establishment of the National Ornamentals Research Site at Dominican University of California, Established LBAM Integrated Pest Management and Survey Methods, Continue to develop Citrus Greening/Huanglongbing Management Tools, and further European Grapevine Moth (EGVM) Response.
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