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Journal articles on the topic 'Weeds – Control – India'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Rao, Adusumilli Narayana, Suhas P. Wani, Mugalodi Ramesha, and Jagdish K. Ladha. "Weeds and Weed Management of Rice in Karnataka State, India." Weed Technology 29, no. 1 (2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-14-00057.1.

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Rice is one of the staple food crops of India, and Karnataka is one of the major rice-producing states. The primary method of rice establishment in Karnataka is transplanting, but farmers are opting to shift to direct-seeding of rice. Weed management is critical for realizing optimal yield of direct-seeded rice (DSR). The objective of this review was to synthesize the published literature on weeds and weed management in rice in Karnataka, identify improved weed-management technologies for delivery to farmers, and suggest research needs. Some 98 weed species are reported to be associated with r

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2

Singh, Rajinder, and S. K. Yadav. "Time and Method of Weed Control in Pearl Millet." Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 3 (1990): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700018482.

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SUMMARYField experiments during the rainy seasons (July–October) of 1984 and 1985 at Hisar, India showed that removing weeds in pearl millet from 10 to 60 days after sowing led to fewer weeds at harvest, and significantly higher grain yields were obtained when weeds were removed 20 days after the crop was sown. All the weed control methods tried (hand hoeing, hand wheel hoeing, or application of terbutryne or atrazine) were successful and significantly increased crop growth and grain yield. The maximum grain yield was obtained with atrazine at 0.5 kg ha−1 and the minimum in the unweeded contro

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3

Shad, Rashid A., and Sadar Uddin Siddiqui. "Problems Associated with Phalaris minor and Other Grass Weeds in India and Pakistan." Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 2 (1996): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700026065.

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SUMMARYThe composition and control of the grass weed flora of India and Pakistan are discussed, and the losses caused by the weeds are reviewed. The most important perennial weeds are Cynodon dactylon and Sorghum halepense and the most important annual weeds Echinochloa crusgalli and E. colona in the summer (kharif) crops and wild oats (Avena spp.) and Phalaris minor in the winter (rabi) crops. Losses caused by these weeds can be considerably reduced by the use of selective herbicides but these may be too expensive for many farmers. The problems and control of Phalaris minor are considered in

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4

Singh, Ajay, D. P. Nandal, and S. S. Punia. "Performance of sequential herbicides to control weeds in direct seeded rice." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 3 (2017): 1324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1361.

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Direct seeded rice is an emerging production technology in India due to less requirement of water, labour and capital input initially. But direct seeded rice face severe infestation of weeds. A field experiment was conducted during the kharif 2012 at Students’ Farm of College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University; Kaul campus (Kaithal) to study the performance of sequential application of herbicides on weed flora in direct seeded rice. The herbicidal treatments included two pre emergence herbicides i.e. pendimethalin 1000 g/ha and oxadiargyl 100 g/ ha and four post emergence herb

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5

Singh, Samunder, Ashok Yadav, Rajender S. Balyan, Ram K. Malik, and Megh Singh. "Control of Ragweed Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) and Associated Weeds." Weed Technology 18, no. 3 (2004): 658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-03-128r2.

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Field experiments were conducted to evaluate control of 90- to 100-cm-tall ragweed parthenium in a noncropped situation in Haryana State, India, during 2000 and 2001. Atrazine, 2,4-D ethyl ester, atrazine plus 2,4-D, metribuzin, metsulfuron, chlorimuron, glufosinate with and without surfactant, glyphosate with and without surfactant, and glyphosate formulations MON 8793 and 8794 were sprayed on ragweed parthenium. Also, the effect of water quality was studied with flat-fan and flood-fan nozzles using glyphosate and its formulation MON 8793 against ragweed parthenium and associated weeds. Glyph

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6

Kantwa, Suman, C. K. Jadon, J. P. Tetarwal, Baldev Ram, S. R. Kantwa, and R. K. Yadav. "Effect of Weed Management Practices on Weed Dynamics, Yield Attributes and Yield of Maize." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 11, no. 5 (2020): 488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2020.2133.

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A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Kota (Agriculture University, Kota), Rajasthan, India during kharif 2019 to find out the most effective herbicide combination for limiting the menace of weeds in maize. Results showed that density of monocot weeds were observed more than dicot weeds during the experimentation. The prominent weeds were Echinochloa colona, Cyperus rotundus, Digera arvensis, Amaranthus viridis, Acalypha indica and Trianthema portulacastrum etc. caused about 58.3% reduction in grain yield as over two hand weeding at 20 a

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7

Dukpa, Rinzim, Anupam Tiwari, and Dhriti Kapoor. "Biological management of allelopathic plant Parthenium sp." Open Agriculture 5, no. 1 (2020): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0027.

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AbstractGlobally, weeds have been considered as a major threat and act as a hindrance to crop production, even though the farmers put tremendous efforts to eliminate the weeds to get a better yield. Weeds stayed a steady threat to productivity and manageability of soil and environment, regardless of many years of research and advances in management practices. Parthenium hysterophorus is widely studied all around the world including India as a noxious and an unsafe weed responsible for many health risks in humans and animals. Many experts employed different biological methods using insects, bee

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8

Mani, Diwakar, M. K. Singh, and S. K. Prasad. "Varieties and mulching influence on weed growth in wheat under Indo- Gangetic plain of India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 2 (2016): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.827.

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Weeds are one of the primary factors responsible for reducing wheat yield. Despite, herbicidesâ€™ being one of the important components of weed management programme in India, but it was not adopted by resource poor farmers. Keeping these facts in view, a field experiment was carried out at Agricultural research farm, Institute of Agricultural sciences, Banaras Hindu University during the rabi (winter) season of the year 2012-13 to scrutinize the influence of â€˜mulchingâ€™ and â€˜varietiesâ€™ on weed control potential as well as growth and yield of wheat. The treatments comprised of five wheat

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9

Saha, Sanjoy, Sushmita Munda, Sudhanshu Singh, et al. "Crop Establishment and Weed Control Options for Sustaining Dry Direct Seeded Rice Production in Eastern India." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (2021): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020389.

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Dry direct seeded rice (DSR) has emerged as an economically viable alternative to puddled transplanted rice to address emerging constraints of labor and water scarcity and the rising cost of cultivation. However, wide adoption of DSR is seriously constrained by weed management trade-off. Therefore, the availability of effective weed control options is critical for the success and wide-scale adoption of DSR. A field study was conducted at ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India, in the dry seasons of 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the performance of three crop establishment methods and

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10

Singh, Yadvinder, and Rai Singh. "Weed diversity in rice crop fields of Fatehgarh Sahib District, Punjab, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 5 (2019): 13611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4508.11.5.13611-13616.

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A total of 31 species of weeds belonging to 11 families was collected from rice fields in Fatehgarh District of Punjab between June and November 2017. Of the 31 species, 15 were dicots and 16 were monocots. Of the 11 families, six (Portulacaceae, Lythraceae, Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Polygonaceae, and Commelinaceae) were represented by only one species each. Poaceae was the largest family represented by 10 species, followed by Asteraceae and Cyperaceae with five species each. The largest genus was Cyperus with four species, followed by Euphorbia, Echinochloa, and Eragrostis with two specie

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11

Pavithra, M., and R. Poonguzhalan. "Weed flora of aerobic rice and their effect on growth, yield and nutrient uptake by rice Oryza sativa in the coastal region of Karaikal of Puducherry, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (2018): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1637.

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A field experiment was conducted at farm lands of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal to know the weed floristic composition and their effect on growth, yield and nutrient uptake by aerobic rice (Oryza sativa). The results revealed that totally 29 species of weeds from 22 genera belonging to 17 families were noticed. Among them, four were grasses, six were sedges, and nineteen were broad leaved weeds. Of this 29 species, four were perennials, and the rest were annuals. During initial stages (30 DAS), sedges dominated (38.3%) whereas at later stages (

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12

Mahajan, Gulshan, and Bhagirath S. Chauhan. "Herbicide Options for Weed Control in Dry-Seeded Aromatic Rice in India." Weed Technology 27, no. 4 (2013): 682–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-13-00016.1.

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The looming water crisis and shortage of labor during rice transplanting in northwest India have led researchers to develop alternative methods to transition away from puddled transplanted rice. In this context, dry-seeded rice (DSR) is emerging as an efficient production technology to replace puddled transplanted rice. Weeds, however, are the main biological constraints to its success. A study comprising 12 treatments was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of PRE (pendimethalin and pyrazosulfuron) and POST herbicides (bispyribac, penoxsulam, and azimsulfuron) applied either alone or in a sequ

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13

Sahoo, S., G. N. Dhanapal, Pavankumar Goudar, M. T. Sanjay, and M. K. Lal. "Yield and weed density of Blackgram (Vignamungo (L.) Hepper) as influenced by weed control methods." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (2017): 693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1259.

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The study conducted with pre-emergent herbicides alone and with sequential application of post-emergent herbicides at All India Co-ordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Weed management, Gandhi KrishiVignyan Kendra (GKVK), Bangalore in late rabi season of 2013 revealed the predominance of grasses over broad leaved weeds in blackgram. Interculture @ 20 days after sowing (DAS) and hand weeding @ 40 DAS resulted in higher yield (1182 and 5873 kg ha-1 seed and haulm yield, respectively) and least weed density of 41.33 m-2 during harvest. Uncontrolled weed growth recorded maximum population (70.00 m

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14

Suthari, Sateesh, Ramesh Kandagatla, Sarede Geetha, Ajmeera Ragan, and Vatsavaya S. Raju. "Intrusion of devil weed Chromolaena odorata, an exotic invasive, into Kinnerasani and Eturnagaram wildlife sanctuaries, Telangana, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 2 (2016): 8538. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2134.8.2.8538-8540.

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The spread of devil weed is alarming in areas of <em>podu</em> cultivation, on the bunds of agricultural lands, wastelands, along roadsides, tracks, forest gaps, protected areas and plantations in the two said wildlife sanctuaries. It is found invading new territories easily along the river banks and steadily destroying the riparian elements. The manual removal of this weed (mechanical method) before flowering is the effective means to mitigate the spread of the species in comparison to the biological (<em>Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata, P. insulata, Actinote thalia-pyrrha</e

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15

B.N., Ramesh, Sunil Kumar R., Pramod R., and Jayaramiah R. "Harmful Effects of Parthenium hysterophorus and Management Through Different Approaches”- A review." Annals of Plant Sciences 6, no. 05 (2017): 1614. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2017.05.002.

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Parthenium hysterophorus is commonly known as congress grass or carrot weed in India. It belongs to Asteraceae family and native to subtropics of North and South America. It is an invasive plant species that disturbs cultivated areas, roadside vegetation, gardens etc. P. hysterophorus is considered as one of the worst weeds responsible for causing health problems in animals and humans viz., dermatitis, asthma and bronchitis besides loss to agriculture and ecosystem. Nowadays, it has become one of the major weeds in almost all types of agricultural lands and other areas. Many control methods ra

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16

Peterson, David J., and Raj Prasad. "The biology of Canadian weeds. 109. Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 3 (1998): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-079.

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Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius [L.] Link.) is an exotic perennial, leguminous, deciduous shrub, which during the past century has greatly expanded its range along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America, and in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Chile, Iran, and India. This shrub rapidly invades disturbed areas, forming dense thickets, which can suppress and inhibit native vegetation, including economically important conifer seedlings. The developmental characteristics whereby Scotch broom invades new sites include specialized stem photosynthesis, prolific seed production, longevi

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17

Singh, Ajay, D. P. Nandal, S. S. Punia, and Priti Malik. "Integrated weed management in direct seeded rice in Trans Indo-Gangetic plains of India- A review." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 2 (2018): 779–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i2.1679.

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In the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is taken by conventional tilled puddled transplanted (CT-PTR) method. CT-PTR requires a lot of water (2000-2500 mm) which comes mainly from groundwater. Due to declining water table and changing climate, the sustainability of CT-PTR rice is under immense pressure. The alternative to CT-PTR could be direct seeded rice (DSR) which requires less water, labor, initial cost and energy than CT-PTR. But direct seeded rice is heavily infested with weeds which cause severe loss to the grain yield. Thus, the success of aerobic rice depen

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18

Kaur, Charanjeet, and Sat Paul Mehra. "Smothering effect of different crops on weed Malva neglecta Wallr." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 2 (2016): 530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.830.

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Field study was conducted at experimental farm of Punjab Agricultural University ,Ludhiana (India) during rabi seasons of 2004-05 and 2005-06. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with fourteen treatments having combination of seven different crops viz. bread wheat, durum wheat, six - rowed barley, two-rowed barley, raya, gobhi sarson, linseed and two weed control treatments i.e. hand weeded and unweeded. The study was planned with an objective to find out the most suitable Rabi crop that can suppress the weeds to maximum extent with minimum reduction in yield as there was no

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19

J.K., Sinchana, and Sheeja K. Raj. "A review on integrated approach for the management of weeds in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 12, no. 4 (2020): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i4.2386.

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Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is the most important leguminous crop raised as pulse as well as a vegetable crop in India. The slow initial growth and wider spacing necessitate weed control in the early stages of crop growth. The critical period of crop weed competition in cowpea was 20 to 30 DAS. Season-long crop weed competition resulted in a yield reduction of 40 to 90 per cent in cowpea depending on the intensity of weed infestation, weed flora, season, location, and the climatic condition prevailed. Mulching, manual weeding and stale seedbed are the different cultural methods which can be ado

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20

Das, S. K. "Chemical weed management in Brassica rapa var. yellow sarson." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 2 (2016): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.855.

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Field experiments were conducted for three years at Pulses and Oilseeds Research Station, Berhampore, Murshidabad, West Bengal, India during rabi 2008, 2009 and 2010 to develop an efficient chemical weed management practice with newer herbicidal molecules in yellow sarson. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications having eleven treatments. Experimental results revealed that highest seed yield (1456 kg ha-1) was recorded under the treatment twice hand weeding and lowest with weedy check (910 kg ha-1). Twice hand weeding recorded 60% higher seed yield over

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21

Balyan, Rajender S., and Ram K. Malik. "Control of Horse Purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) and Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata)." Weed Science 37, no. 5 (1989): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500072659.

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Four postemergence herbicides were evaluated for control of horse purslane and barnyardgrass occurring alone and in combination in three separate field experiments at Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India). Haloxyfop, fluazifop, and sethoxydim controlled barnyardgrass. Fomesafen controlled horse purslane most effectively when applied at the two-branch stage of horse purslane in mung bean. Combinations of haloxyfop, fluazifop, or sethoxydim with fomesafen applied at the five-branch stage of horse purslane and two-leaf stage of barnyardgrass controlled both weeds. Mung bean treated with

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22

SHARMA, A. R. "Effect of integrated weed management and nitrogen fertilization on the performance of rice under flood-prone lowland conditions." Journal of Agricultural Science 129, no. 4 (1997): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859697004887.

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Field experiments were conducted at Cuttack, India during 1991–94 to study the effect of tillage, methods of crop establishment and weed control at varying levels of N fertilizer on the performance of rice under flood-prone lowland conditions (0·60 cm water depth). The loss in grain yield of direct-sown rice caused by unchecked weed growth ranged from 18·2 to 59·2% in the different years, and was greater when N fertilizer was applied and when the conventional practice of ploughing the fields just before sowing was followed. Increasing the number of tillage operations before sowing improved the

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23

Teuton, Travis C., J. Bryan Unruh, Barry J. Brecke, Greg E. Macdonald, Grady L. Miller, and Joyce Tredaway Ducar. "Tropical Signalgrass (Urochloa subquadripara) Control with Preemergence- and Postemergence-Applied Herbicides." Weed Technology 18, no. 2 (2004): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-03-155r1.

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Tropical signalgrass is one of the most serious weed problems in the St. Augustinegrass sod production in Florida, and its presence increases production costs and lowers turfgrass quality. The objectives of our research were to: (1) evaluate herbicides preemergence and postemergence for control of tropical signalgrass and (2) compare control of tropical signalgrass and other problem weeds (torpedograss, blanket crabgrass, and India crabgrass) with postemergence herbicides. In preemergence herbicide field trials, only benefin + oryzalin, imazapic, imazapic + 2,4-D, and oryzalin provided ≥75% tr

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24

Chaudhary, Ankur, Rajender Singh Chhokar, Sachin Dhanda, et al. "Herbicide Resistance to Metsulfuron-Methyl in Rumex dentatus L. in North-West India and Its Management Perspectives for Sustainable Wheat Production." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (2021): 6947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126947.

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Herbicide resistance in weeds is a global threat to sustaining food security. In India, herbicide-resistant Phalaris minor was the major problem in wheat for more than two decades, but the continuous use of metsulfuron-methyl (an ALS inhibitor) to control broadleaf weeds has resulted in the evolution of ALS inhibitor-resistant Rumex dentatus L. This review summarizes the current scenario of herbicide resistance in R. dentatus, along with its ecology and management perspectives. Studies have provided valuable insights on the emergence pattern of R. dentatus under different environments in relat

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25

Abhilash, ES, Sheeja P. Parayil, Brijesh Sathian, AR Raju, NA Bilal, and Kafsa Bind Salih. "A study on the ecology and economic impact of major invasive weed species of coconut homesteads of Nattika, India." Asia Pacific Journal of Environment Ecology and Sustainable Development 1, no. 1 (2014): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/apjeesd.v1i1.9509.

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Out of the 4 alien invasive species three are of high risk namely Mikania micrantha, Chromolaena odorata and Mimosa diplotricha. Lantana camara is found to be medium risk. The farmers spent a considerable amount of money nearly Rs 4800 per year for one acre land pertaining to mechanical weeding of invasive species. The herbicide is widely used by farmers to control the weeds are capable to cause various health problems including genetic aberration. So an effective and comprehensive weed management strategy have to be developed in the country to combat the threats of IAS in agriculture fields.

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26

Kandasamy, O. S., H. C. Bayan, and L. Devarajan. "EFFECT OF LONG-TERM APPLICATION OF MANURES AND FERTILIZERS ON CHANGES IN THE WEED SPECIES IN THE 138TH CROPPING UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 48, no. 4 (2001): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.48.2000.4.12.

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A field study was made at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India in a permanent fertilization experiment to assess the influence of the long-term application of manure and fertilizer schedules on changes in the weed flora and their growth in the 138th (rainfed) crop of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). The weed flora of the experimental field in the unfertilized plot at 50 days after sowing (DAS) consisted of 44.1% grasses, 26.4% sedges and 29.5% broad-leaved weeds, of which Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Beauv., Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Digera arvensis Forsk. and

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27

Kenney, Donald S. "DeVine®—The Way It Was Developed—An Industrialist's View." Weed Science 34, S1 (1986): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500068302.

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The use of biological control agents for the control of noxious pests is not new conceptual research. There are examples that predate by centuries the modern use of both herbicides and insecticides. For example, the successful control of insects by biological control was shown in 1762 by the introduction of the Mynah bird (Gracula religiosa Linnaeus) from India to Mauritius (4). In 1888, the Vedalia beetle (Rodolia cardinalis Muslant) was introduced to control the cottony-cushion scale (Icerya purchasi Maskell) of citrus (3). An example of biological control of weeds was reported in 1863 when

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Lateef, S. S., W. Reed, and J. LaSalle. "Tanaostigmodes cajaninae LaSalle sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Tanaostigmatidae), a potential pest of pigeon pea in India." Bulletin of Entomological Research 75, no. 2 (1985): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300014395.

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AbstractTanaostigmodes cajaninae LaSalle sp. n., the larvae of which feed in pods of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), is described. This insect, which also feeds on the weeds Atylosia spp. and Rhynchosia spp., has reached pest status on ICRISAT's research farm in Andhra Pradesh, India, where more than half of the pods on the late-maturing pigeon pea crops may be infested. However, surveys of the crops in farmers' fields in India showed that, although this insect is widespread, it is not yet a serious pest. The abnormal populations of this insect on the ICRISAT research farm appear to be associated

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29

Bhullar, Makhan S., Simerjeet Kaur, Tarundeep Kaur, and Amit J. Jhala. "Integrated Weed Management in Potato Using Straw Mulch and Atrazine." HortTechnology 25, no. 3 (2015): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.25.3.335.

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Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of four major food crops in the world. Weed control is a major component in potato production and has been accomplished using different methods, including but not limited to the use of herbicides and straw mulch. A combination of preemergence herbicide and straw mulch may improve weed control; however, no information is available for combining both methods, along with their effects on weed control, weed density, and potato tuber yields. The objective of this study was to evaluate weed control in potato using atrazine or straw mulch applied alone at different r

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Bhullar, Makhan Singh, U. S. Walia, Surjit Singh, Megh Singh, and Amit J. Jhala. "Control of Morningglories (Ipomoeaspp.) in Sugarcane (Saccharumspp.)." Weed Technology 26, no. 1 (2012): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-11-00112.1.

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Morningglories are summer annual or perennial dicots, and are troublesome weeds in sugarcane cultivated in northern India. If not controlled, they may compete with sugarcane, interfere in the harvest operation, and reduce yields. Managing morningglories in sugarcane continues to be a serious challenge for sugarcane growers. Field experiments were conducted during the 3-yr period from 2007 to 2009 to evaluate herbicides applied PRE and POST for control of morningglories in sugarcane. The herbicides applied PRE included diuron, metribuzin, and atrazine at 1.6, 1.4, and 1.0 kg ai ha−1, respective

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31

Garba, Y. "Response of onion (Allium cepa L.) to plant population and weed control methods in a chicken weed (Portulaca quadrifida L.) infested field In Sudan Savanna, Nigeria." Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences 20, no. 1 (2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v20i1.3.

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Chicken weed is a significant weed in India and it occurs under onion cultivated field at Birnin Kebbi in the Sudan Savannah, Nigeria. On-farm experiment was conducted at Birnin Kebbi during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 dry season to evaluate the effect of plant population and weed control methods on the management of chicken weed (Portulaca quadrifida) alongside other weeds in onion field. The experiment consisted of three plant populations (500,000, 333,333 and 250,000 plants per hectare) and twelve weed control methods (Pendimethalin at 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1, + 1Hw; pendimethalin at 1.5 kg a.i. h

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32

Basu, Sayantani, and Y. Vasudeva Rao. "Environmental Effects and Management Strategies of the Herbicides." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 11, no. 6 (2020): 518–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2020.2069d.

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India has wide range of agro-climates and soil types and highly diverse agriculture farming systems with different types of weed problems. So, herbicides are the integrated part of the general cropping systems. In general, herbicides are formulated in such a way that they degrade from the environment after completion of their intended work, but a few of them persist in the environment and cause a serious hazard to the succeeding crop and also to the surrounding environments. Hence, a proper knowledge of herbicides is important to understand the management procedure, organization and hierarchy

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Al-Rowaily, Saud L., Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad, Abdulaziz M. Assaeed, et al. "Essential Oil of Calotropis procera: Comparative Chemical Profiles, Antimicrobial Activity, and Allelopathic Potential on Weeds." Molecules 25, no. 21 (2020): 5203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215203.

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Plants are considered green resources for thousands of bioactive compounds. Essential oils (EOs) are an important class of secondary compounds with various biological activities, including allelopathic and antimicrobial activities. Herein, the present study aimed to compare the chemical profiles of the EOs of the widely distributed medicinal plant Calotropis procera collected from Saudi Arabia and Egypt. In addition, this study also aimed to assess their allelopathic and antimicrobial activities. The EOs from Egyptian and Saudi ecospecies were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed via GC

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Agrawal, G. D. "Diffuse agricultural water pollution in India." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 3 (1999): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0131.

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Concern over agricultural diffuse pollution sources in integrated water quality management has been growing recently. Such sources are likely to be even more critical in developing countries, including India, where agriculture and rural habitats are still dominant, unlike the G7 or other affluent industrialised nations. A number of special features of the Indian scene need to be considered. These include: (i) extremely varying rainfall and stream-flow patterns; (ii) still largely traditional agricultural practices with average application of fertilizers and pesticides and significant areas und

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Ghosh, Pranabesh, Chandrima Das, Swagata Biswas, et al. "Phytochemical composition analysis and evaluation of in vitro medicinal properties and cytotoxicity of five wild weeds: A comparative study." F1000Research 9 (June 2, 2020): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22966.1.

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Background: Medicinal plants are a source of phytochemicals and they are used for the treatment of several oxidative stress-related or other diseases for their effectiveness, low toxicity and easy availability. Five traditionally used and less characterized herbaceous weeds of West Bengal, India, namely, Heliotropium indicum, Tridax procumbens, Cleome rutidosperma, Commelina benghalensis and Euphorbia hirta, were investigated for the current research study. Methods: Aqueous and 70% ethanolic extracts of the leaves were analyzed for estimation of essential phytochemicals and to evaluate their i

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Dutta, Deba Kumar, Pranab Jyoti Bora, Rita Mahanta, Amit Sharma, and Anindya Swargowari. "Seasonal variations in food plant preferences of reintroduced Rhinos Rhinoceros unicornis (Mammalia: Perrissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae) in Manas National Park, Assam, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 13 (2016): 9525. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2486.8.13.9525-9536.

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The food preferences of translocated Rhinos in Manas National Park were studied to find out variations in seasonal and annual preferences. A total of 139 plants species belonging to 39 families were observed to be consumed as food. On an average, grasses (n=33) contributed 24% of Rhino food, aquatic plants (n=23) 16.5%, shrubs (n=11) 7.5%, herbs (n = 31) 22.3% trees (n=26) 18.7%, creepers (n=3) 2.1% and agricultural crops (n=12) 8.6%. Among the grasses, throughout the year Arundo donax, Cynodon dactylon, Imperata cylindrica, Saccharum elephantinus and Saccharum spontaneum were the maximum pref

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Kumar, P. Sreerama, and S. P. Singh. "First Report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae as a Foliar Pathogen of Parthenium hysterophorus." Plant Disease 84, no. 12 (2000): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.12.1343c.

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Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) has been a target of weed researchers in India for more than four decades. The weed is attacked by many pathogens, some of which have been tried as mycoherbicides with mixed results (1). In an effort to identify more pathogens of parthenium, surveys were conducted in different regions. A typical foliar disease was frequently observed in several districts of Karnataka State, especially during the winter months of 1996 to 1998. The primary symptoms were circular to irregular, light brown to gray leaf spots, ranging from 2 to 8 mm in diameter. Careful obse

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Mondal, Surajit, Santosh Kumar, A. Abdul Haris, S. K. Dwivedi, B. P. Bhatt, and J. S. Mishra. "Effect of different rice establishment methods on soil physical properties in drought-prone, rainfed lowlands of Bihar, India." Soil Research 54, no. 8 (2016): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr15346.

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To enhance productivity, alleviate environmental and management constraints, and enhance farmers’ incomes in the rice–wheat cropping system of the Indo Gangetic Plains, new approaches that are labour-saving, more productive and sustainable need to be developed. Most systems of rice cultivation use puddling to prepare the seedbed and control weeds in rice fields of rainfed, stress-prone environments. This practice might be helpful to reduce weed pressure and obtain slightly higher productivity, but might have negative impacts on soil physical properties. A better understanding is needed of the

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Datta, Subhas Chandra. "WEEDS-VEGETABLES AND FRUITS ACT AS POTENTIAL BIOMEDICINES AGAINST COVID-19: ENRICHED AGRICULTURE BIODIVERSITY SOCIO-ECONOMY SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY COMMUNICATION BY CONTROLLING PLANT DISEASES." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 8, Spl-1-SARS-CoV-2 (2020): S139—S157. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2020.8(spl-1-sars-cov-2).s139.s157.

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The past two decades have seen several viral-epidemics, causing great loss of human lives. The recent COVID-19 epidemics emerge as serious-global-threat to human civilization, public health, agriculture, travel, socioeconomic, education and even clinical research also. It has no specific therapeutics, and effective treatment options. Though the middle and upper classes are able to manage, but the low income households are really suffering. So Government of India wants to reorient the COVID-19 crisis by developing policy initiative. So it is focused on the consumption of nutritious as well as t

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Wilen, Cheryl A., Ursula K. Schuch, and Clyde L. Elmore. "Mulches and Subirrigation Control Weeds in Container Production." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 17, no. 4 (1999): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-17.4.174.

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Abstract Weed control efficacy of organic mulches as well as a copper hydroxide-coated geotextile (fabric) disk was examined using Rhaphiolepis indica L. or Callistemon citrinus [(Curtis) Stapf] growing in containers. Rout (oxyfluorfen plus oryzalin) and corn gluten meal were included as herbicide treatments. In a second experiment, the effect of subirrigation versus surface irrigation and different depths of pine bark mulch on weed control was studied. In the mulch/herbicide studies, all of the mulch treatments, including the geotextile disk, provided broadleaf weed control, but not annual bl

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Nalini, R., and S. Porpavai. "Enhancing floral and habitat diversity for augmenting natural enemies in rice ecosystem of Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 56, no. 3 (2019): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2019.56.3.4.

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Field experiments on "Enhancing floral and habitat diversity for augmenting natural enemies in Thanjavur rice belt" was conducted during kharif (2017 and 2018) and rabi (2017). In habitat diversified rice crop, the main crop of rice was maintained along with flowering vegetation in field bunds viz., cowpea, green gram, black gram, sunflower, gingelly, bhendi, cluster bean, maize and marigold. Weeds mainly from Umbelliferae, Leguminosae and Compositae that support natural enemies were also maintained adjacent to rice bunds. Non-crop habitat included straw heaps on rice bunds. Daincha was plante

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Srivastava, Sumit, Ashish Dvivedi, and Ravindra Prasad Shukla. "Invasive Alien Species of Terrestrial Vegetation of North-Eastern Uttar Pradesh." International Journal of Forestry Research 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/959875.

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The vegetational landscape of north-easternTerairegion at the foot hills of Central Himalayas is a mosaic of grassland, old-field, wasteland, and forest ecosystems. Like many other parts of the country, this region is also infested with alien intruders which not only interfere with the growth and production of food crops but also exercise adverse effects on the biodiversity of native species. The present study attempts to catalogue the invasive alien species of the terrestrial vegetation of north-eastern Uttar Pradesh especially with reference to their habit, taxonomic position, and nativity.

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Rob, Md Mahfuzur, Kawsar Hossen, Arihiro Iwasaki, Kiyotake Suenaga, and Hisashi Kato-Noguchi. "Phytotoxic Activity and Identification of Phytotoxic Substances from Schumannianthus dichotomus." Plants 9, no. 1 (2020): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010102.

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The phytotoxic potential of plants and their constituents against other plants is being increasingly investigated as a possible alternative to synthetic herbicides to control weeds in crop fields. In this study, we explored the phytotoxicity and phytotoxic substances of Schumannianthus dichotomus, a perennial wetland shrub native to Bangladesh, India, and Myanmar. Leaf extracts of S. dichotomus exerted strong phytotoxicity against two dicot species, alfalfa and cress, and two monocot species, barnyard grass and Italian ryegrass. A bioassay-driven purification process yielded two phenolic deriv

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Gupta, V., V. K. Razdan, D. John, and B. C. Sharma. "First Report of Leaf Blight of Cyperus iria Caused by Fusarium equiseti in India." Plant Disease 97, no. 6 (2013): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-12-0690-pdn.

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In India, rice (Oryza sativa L.) plays a major role in national food security, with total production of 102.75 million t, harvested from 44 million ha during 2011 (1). Weeds are one of the major causes of losses in rice. Cyperus iria, locally known as chatriwala dela (rice flat sedge), is an annual weed in the Cyperaceae that can reach 50 to 60 cm tall. A leaf blight of C. iria was observed during August 2010 in a 20-ha rice field (cv. Basmati 370) at the University Research Farm, Chatha, Jammu (32° 43′ N, 74° 54′ E). Symptomatic plants were scattered randomly in the field and had water-soaked

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BLACKSHAW, R. E., H. H. MUENDEL, and D. A. DERKSEN. "HERBICIDES FOR WEED CONTROL IN SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 1 (1990): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-026.

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Field studies were conducted in 1986, 1987 and 1988 at Lethbridge, Alberta and in 1987 and 1988 at Indian Head, Saskatchewan to determine herbicides suitable for selective control of weeds in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Safflower exhibited acceptable tolerance to trifluralin, ethalfluralin, sethoxydim, fluazifop-p-butyl, clethodim, diclofop methyl, difenzoquat, imazamethabenz, chlorsulfuron, thiameturon, metsulfuron and DPX-A7881 over all years and locations. These herbicides offer the grower the option of preplant incorporated or postemergent herbicide application or a combination of

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Handiseni, Maxwell, Jack Brown, Robert Zemetra, and Mark Mazzola. "Herbicidal Activity of Brassicaceae Seed Meal on Wild Oat (Avena fatua), Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), and Prickly Lettuce (Lactuca serriola)." Weed Technology 25, no. 1 (2011): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00068.1.

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The need for sustainable agricultural-production systems has generated demand for effective, nonsynthetic, alternative weed-control strategies. For some vegetable crops there are few herbicide options available, and there is little prospect of new herbicides being registered for vegetable crops. Brassicaceae seed meal, a residue product of the seed oil extraction process, can provide a resource for supplemental nutrients, disease control, and weed suppression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different Brassicaceae seed meals and application rates on the emergence of w

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Redlick, Colleen, Lena D. Syrovy, Hema S. N. Duddu, et al. "Developing an Integrated Weed Management System for Herbicide-Resistant Weeds Using Lentil (Lens culinaris) as a Model Crop." Weed Science 65, no. 6 (2017): 778–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2017.47.

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The escalating evolution of weed species resistant to acetolactase synthase (ALS)-inhibitor herbicides makes alternative weed control strategies necessary for field crops that are dependent on this herbicide group. A fully integrated strategy that combined increased crop seeding rates (2X or 4X recommended), mechanical weed control with a minimum-tillage rotary hoe, and reduced-rate non–ALS inhibitor herbicides was compared with herbicides, rotary hoe, and seeding rates alone as a method of controlling ALS inhibitor–tolerant Indian mustard as a model weed. The full-rate herbicide treatment had

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Julien, M. H. "Biological control of rangeland weeds in Australia." Rangeland Journal 28, no. 1 (2006): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj06013.

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Weeds of Australian rangelands have been the target for biological control since 1914. There have been several spectacular successes, e.g. prickly pear cactus (Opuntia spp.), with extraordinary ecological and commercial benefits. There have also been projects where no positive outcome has occurred, e.g. prickly acacia [Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile ssp. indica (Benth.) Brenan], parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata L.), and creeping lantana [Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq.]. Numerous other projects are currently underway and require continuing support to achieve the stated aims. Ther

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Chauhan, Bhagirath S., and David E. Johnson. "Seed Germination Ecology of Purple-Leaf Button Weed (Borreria ocymoides) and Indian Heliotrope (Heliotropium indicum): Two Common Weeds of Rain-Fed Rice." Weed Science 56, no. 5 (2008): 670–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-07-199.1.

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Purple-leaf button weed and Indian heliotrope are widespread and common weed species of rain-fed rice in many tropical countries. The influence of various environmental factors on seed germination of these species was studied. Seeds of both species germinated at a range of alternating temperatures (25/15, 30/20, and 35/25 C day/night). Germination of purple-leaf button weed was similar among light conditions after an after-ripening period of 3 mo, whereas germination of Indian heliotrope was always greater in light. Seed germination of both species was not affected by a high level of salt and

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Silvernail, Anthony, and Michael K. Bomford. "(157) Weed Control in Organic Edamame Soybean Production." HortScience 41, no. 4 (2006): 1031D—1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1031d.

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Weed control is a major challenge confronting growers transitioning to organic vegetable production. Organic standards require that growers manage weeds without synthetic herbicides while maintaining or enhancing soil quality. In 2005, we evaluated the effects of two seedbed preparation methods and six weed management tactics, compatible with organic standards, on soil quality indicators, weed pressure, and yield of edamame soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Seedbed preparation was conducted with either a moldboard plow and roto-tiller or a spading machine. Weeds were managed by a) regular ha

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