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Journal articles on the topic 'Weeds – Control – North Dakota'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Soltani, Nader, J. Anita Dille, Robert H. Gulden, et al. "Potential Yield Loss in Dry Bean Crops Due to Weeds in the United States and Canada." Weed Technology 32, no. 3 (2018): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2017.116.

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AbstractEarlier reports have summarized crop yield losses throughout various North American regions if weeds were left uncontrolled. Offered here is a report from the current WSSA Weed Loss Committee on potential yield losses due to weeds based on data collected from various regions of the United States and Canada. Dry bean yield loss estimates were made by comparing dry bean yield in the weedy control with plots that had >95% weed control from research studies conducted in dry bean growing regions of the United States and Canada over a 10-year period (2007 to 2016). Results from these fiel

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2

Dexter, Alan G. "History of Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) Herbicide Rate Reduction in North Dakota and Minnesota." Weed Technology 8, no. 2 (1994): 334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00038884.

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Phenmedipham was registered for use at 1.1 to 1.7 kg ai/ha in 1970 and desmedipham at 1.1 to 1.4 kg ai/ha in 1974 for postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in sugarbeet. Phenmedipham was sold from 1970 through 1981 and desmedipham plus phenmedipham (1:1), as a premixed product, has been sold since 1982. Development of multiple applications of reduced rates began in 1972 primarily to reduce sugarbeet injury. The technique was promoted to farmers after 1976. Ahalf-rate of phenmedipham and/or desmedipham applied twice at a 5- to 7-d interval controlled weeds better and caused less sugarbeet in

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3

Puka-Beals, Jesse, and Greta Gramig. "Weed Suppression Potential of Living Mulches, Newspaper Hydromulches, and Compost Blankets in Organically Managed Carrot Production." HortTechnology 31, no. 1 (2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04745-20.

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Direct seeding into strip-tilled zones (STZs) of living mulches may require weed suppression tactics for soil surfaces exposed within the STZ. Three surface mulch options (hydromulch, compost blanket, and a no-mulch control) were evaluated for their ability to suppress weeds and improve crop performance when applied in STZs seeded to carrot (Daucus carota). These STZs were located within one of five living mulch options [red clover (Trifolium pratense), white clover (Trifolium repens), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), a weed-free control, and a weedy control]. From measurements spanning 2

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4

DeVuyst, Eric A., Thomas Foissey, and George O. Kegode. "An economic comparison of alternative and traditional cropping systems in the northern Great Plains, USA." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 21, no. 1 (2006): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/raf2005128.

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AbstractCurrent production practices in the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota involve use of extensive tillage and/or herbicides to control weeds. Given the erosion potential, environmental concerns associated with herbicides, and herbicide-resistant weeds, alternative cropping systems that mitigate these problems need to be assessed economically. Furthermore, the role that government commodity programs play in the adoption of more ecologically friendly cropping systems needs to be determined. We evaluated 8 years of yield data (1994–2001) from field plots near Fargo, North Dakota

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5

Lym, Rodney G., Roger L. Becker, Michael J. Moechnig, Mary B. Halstvedt, and Vanelle F. Peterson. "Native Grass Establishment following Application of Pyridine Herbicides." Invasive Plant Science and Management 10, no. 01 (2017): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2017.6.

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Invasive species management is often more successful if desirable species are seeded after the target weed is controlled. However, control of invasive plants must be maintained following reseeding or the seeded species may fail to establish. A regional study conducted in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota evaluated the effect of aminopyralid, clopyralid, or picloram applied in the fall prior to fall-dormant seeding or seeding the following spring on cool- and warm-season native grass species establishment. Herbicides were applied at standard rates used to control invasive broadleaf weed

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6

Soltani, Nader, J. Anita Dille, Darren E. Robinson, et al. "Potential yield loss in sugar beet due to weed interference in the United States and Canada." Weed Technology 32, no. 6 (2018): 749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2018.88.

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AbstractThe objective of this WSSA Weed Loss Committee report is to provide quantitative data on the potential yield loss in sugar beet due to weed interference from the major sugar beet growing areas of the United States and Canada. Researchers and extension specialists who conducted research on weed control in sugar beet in the United States and Canada provided quantitative data on sugar beet yield loss due to weed interference in their regions. Specifically, data were requested from weed control studies in sugar beet from up to 10 individual studies per calendar year over a 15-yr period bet

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7

Dale, Trevor M., Karen A. Renner, and Alexandra N. Kravchenko. "Effect of Herbicides on Weed Control and Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) Yield and Quality." Weed Technology 20, no. 1 (2006): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-04-278r1.1.

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The “micro-rate” application, a POST combination of desmedipham plus phenmedipham at 0.045 + 0.045 kg ai/ha (desphen) or desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus ethofumesate (1:1: 1 ratio) (desphenetho) at 0.09 kg ai/ha plus triflusulfuron at 0.004 kg ai/ha plus clopyralid at 0.026 kg ae/ha plus 1.5% methylated seed oil received registration in 1998 and 2000 in North Dakota and Michigan, respectively. Herbicide rates are reduced by 80%, compared to standard-split applications, and growers typically apply the micro-rate three to five times to very small weeds that are 1 cm or less in height. In stan

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8

Haugrud, Nathan H., and Thomas J. Peters. "Inter-row cultivation timing effects on waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) control and sugarbeet yield and quality." Weed Technology 35, no. 3 (2021): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2021.10.

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AbstractThe invasion of waterhemp into northern sugarbeet growing regions has prompted producers to re-integrate inter-row cultivation into weed management programs, as no currently registered herbicides can control glyphosate-resistant waterhemp POST in crop. Inter-row cultivation was a common weed control practice in sugarbeet until the release of glyphosate-resistant sugarbeet cultivars in 2008 made the use of inter-row cultivation unnecessary. In the late 2010s, producers began again to use inter-row cultivation to remove weeds that glyphosate did not control, but producers need informatio

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9

Almquist, Travis L., Katie L. Wirt, Jason W. Adams, and Rodney G. Lym. "Adaptive Development of Yellow Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris) Chemical Control Recommendations." Invasive Plant Science and Management 8, no. 3 (2015): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-14-00082.1.

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AbstractYellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris P. Mill.) infestations in North Dakota increased 300-fold from 1997 to 2011, when the plant was added to the state noxious weed list. Long-term control of other invasive species had included biological control agents, but no effective agents for yellow toadflax had been identified, so a control program using herbicides was needed. The objective was to shift from short-term control with picloram applied in the fall at maximum allowed rates to long-term management with minimal nontarget species impact with an adaptive management approach. Yellow toadflax

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10

Sell, Randall S., Dean A. Bangsund, and F. Larry Leistritz. "Euphorbia esula: perceptions by ranchers and land managers." Weed Science 47, no. 6 (1999): 740–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500091426.

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Euphorbia esula is an exotic perennial weed that is estimated to infest 650,000 ha in North and South Dakota, Montana, and Wyoming. The estimated annual economic effect of E. esula infestations in the four-state area is about $130 million. We present the results of a survey of ranchers, local decision makers, and public land managers of grazing and nongrazing property from a five-county area in North and South Dakota, Montana, and Wyoming. A total of 565 ranchers, local decision makers, and public land managers were surveyed, which resulted in 267 completed questionnaires. The main objective o

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11

Chittem, K., S. M. Mansouripour, and L. E. del Río Mendoza. "First Report of Clubroot on Canola Caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae in North Dakota." Plant Disease 98, no. 10 (2014): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-14-0430-pdn.

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North Dakota leads the United States in canola (Brassica napus L.) production (4). A canola field with a distinct patch of dead plants spreading over an area of approximately 0.4 ha was detected in Cavalier County, North Dakota, in early September 2013. Numerous spots within the patch had plant mortalities >80%. Dead plants pulled from the soil had roots with severe galling and clubbing. Clubbed roots were brittle and disintegrated easily when pressed between fingers. Root and soil samples collected at several locations within and outside the affected patch were pooled in separate groups. A

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12

Bahm, Matt A., Thomas G. Barnes, and Kent C. Jensen. "Restoring Native Plant Communities in Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis)–Dominated Grasslands." Invasive Plant Science and Management 4, no. 2 (2011): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-10-00047.1.

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AbstractSmooth brome (Bromus inermis) is an introduced, cool-season perennial, sod-forming grass that has been shown to invade both native cool-and warm-season grasslands throughout North America. During the fall of 2005 through spring 2007, we implemented a smooth brome removal study at five sites in eastern South Dakota. Sites were selected to represent a range of soil and environmental conditions. Seven fall herbicide treatments, five spring herbicide treatments, an untreated plot that was planted with a native seed mix, and an untreated control that received no herbicide or seed addition w

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13

Butts, Thomas R., Chase A. Samples, Lucas X. Franca, et al. "Droplet Size Impact on Efficacy of a Dicamba-plus-Glyphosate Mixture." Weed Technology 33, no. 1 (2019): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2018.118.

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AbstractChemical weed control remains a widely used component of integrated weed management strategies because of its cost-effectiveness and rapid removal of crop pests. Additionally, dicamba-plus-glyphosate mixtures are a commonly recommended herbicide combination to combat herbicide resistance, specifically in recently commercially released dicamba-tolerant soybean and cotton. However, increased spray drift concerns and antagonistic interactions require that the application process be optimized to maximize biological efficacy while minimizing environmental contamination potential. Field rese

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14

Hatterman-Valenti, Harlene M. "A Screening of Weed Control Options During Juneberry (Amelanchier alnifolia) Establishment." Weed Technology 19, no. 3 (2005): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-04-167r1.1.

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Few weed management options are available for juneberry, which has limited the potential for this new crop. Field trials were initiated at three locations in North Dakota to evaluate efficacy and crop safety associated with chemical and physical weed control treatments applied just before or immediately after transplanting. All treatments except norflurazon and trifluralin provided at least 85% control of redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, common purslane, and yellow foxtail for the duration of the trial at Absaraka, ND, during 2001. Stinkgrass weed control 8 wk after treatment (WAT) dropp

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15

Thilmony, Blake M., and Rodney G. Lym. "Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) Control and Soil Seedbank Composition Fifteen Years after Release of Aphthona Biological Control Agents." Invasive Plant Science and Management 10, no. 2 (2017): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2017.18.

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Aphthona spp. flea beetles were released in two ecological sites of the Little Missouri National Grasslands in southwestern North Dakota in 1999 to control leafy spurge. The change in leafy spurge density and soil seedbank composition was monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of the biological weed control agent and the associated change in plant communities 5, 10, and 15 yr after release in loamy overflow (valleys) and loamy sites (ridges). In 2014, 15 yr after release, leafy spurge stem density had decreased 94% from 110 to 7 stems m−2 in the loamy overflow sites and 88% from 78 to 9 stems

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16

Messersmith, Calvin G. "“Our” Weed Science Society of America: In Transition." Weed Technology 12, no. 4 (1998): 764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00044687.

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Dr. Calvin G. Messersmith is Professor of Plant Sciences at North Dakota State University (NDSU), where he has been involved in teaching and research since 1966. He developed the undergraduate weed science option, the introductory weed science course, and the internship program for crop and weed science majors at NDSU. Dr. Messersmith introduced many teaching innovations into his undergraduate courses, including development of autotutorial laboratories, lecture and laboratory manuals, permanent plant mounts embedded in plastic resin, and educational films. Dr. Messersmith serves as coordinator

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17

del Río, L. E., C. A. Bradley, and B. L. Johnson. "First Report of White Mold Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Echium (Echium vulgare)." Plant Disease 89, no. 6 (2005): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0684c.

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Echium, also known as common viper's bugloss, is a member of the botanical family Boraginaceae. Echium is being evaluated for its potential use as an oilseed crop in North Dakota. In 2003, 40% of echium plants in a field in Cass County were observed showing classical symptoms of infection by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plants in advanced stages of infection were dead. Stems of dead plants peeled off easily when touched and numerous cylindrical, black sclerotia that were 2 to 3 mm in diameter and 4 to 7 mm long were found in the pith. Younger stem lesions were watery soft, many of them with a whi

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18

Windels, C. E., J. R. Brantner, C. A. Bradley, and M. F. R. Khan. "First Report of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Yellows on Sugar Beet in the Red River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota." Plant Disease 89, no. 3 (2005): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0341b.

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In 2002, somel sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) fields in the Red River Valley (RRV) of Minnesota and North Dakota had symptoms characteristic of Fusarium yellows (4). In 2004, ≈5% of fields in the RRV had symptomatic plants. Interveinal yellowing of older leaves typically began in mid-July and as the disease progressed, younger leaves turned yellow. Sometimes, one side of the leaf was yellow or necrotic while the other side remained green. As leaves died, they remained attached to the crown. Transverse sections of roots revealed a light gray-brown discoloration of the vascular tissue but no exte

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19

Masters, Robert A., Daniel D. Beran, and Fernando Rivas-Pantoja. "Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Response to AC 263,222." Weed Technology 12, no. 4 (1998): 602–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00044444.

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Leafy spurge is an exotic perennial weed that infests more than 1 million ha in North America and reduces rangeland carrying capacity. Experiments were initiated on range sites in Nebraska and North Dakota in 1994 and 1995 to determine the response of leafy spurge and other vegetation to AC 263,222. Herbicide treatments evaluated included AC 263,222 at 0 to 280 g ai/ha, picloram at 560 g ai/ha plus 2,4-D at 1,120 g ae/ha, and quinclorac at 1,120 g ai/ha. In Nebraska, a single application of AC 263,222 in the fall at 140 g/ha provided ≥ 90% leafy spurge control 11 to 12 mo after treatment. At J

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20

Ahrens, William H., and Gregory J. Endres. "Trifluralin and ethalfluralin granules in conservation-tillage soybeans (Glycine max)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 4 (1996): 891–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-150.

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Field experiments were conducted on loam soils in North Dakota to evaluate green and yellow foxtail control and grain yield in soybeans after fall application of trifluralin or ethalfluralin granules in untilled wheat stubble. Herbicides applied in October or November were left unincorporated or were "incorporated" with conservation-tillage methods including an undercutter, rotary hoe, or undercutter followed by a rotary hoe. A conventionally tilled standard treatment was included where trifluralin or ethalfluralin were incorporated by a field cultivator. Levels of postplant residue were at le

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21

Setter, Cassandra M., and Rodney G. Lym. "Change in Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Density and Soil Seedbank Composition 10 Years following Release of Aphthona spp. Biological Control Agents." Invasive Plant Science and Management 6, no. 1 (2013): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-12-00031.1.

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AbstractFlea beetles (Aphthona spp.) were released in the Little Missouri National Grasslands (LMNG) in western North Dakota in 1999 to control leafy spurge. The changes in leafy spurge density and soil seedbank composition were evaluated on two ecological sites 10 yr (2009) after Aphthona spp. release to monitor the effectiveness of the insects on weed control and the associated changes in plant communities. In 2009, leafy spurge stem density averaged 2 and 9 stems m−2 (0.19 to 0.84 ft−2) in the loamy overflow and loamy sites, respectively, compared with 110 and 78 stems m−2, respectively, in

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22

Casady, Grant M., Rodney S. Hanley, and Santhosh K. Seelan. "Detection of Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Using Multidate High-Resolution Satellite Imagery." Weed Technology 19, no. 2 (2005): 462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-03-182r1.

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Leafy spurge is a deep-rooted perennial weed that displaces native rangeland vegetation and replaces forage for cattle and other forages used by vertebrate herbivores. Strategic planning to control this weed requires monitoring its distribution and spread. Classical monitoring techniques, which often involve extensive ground survey efforts, can be aided by the synoptic nature of remotely sensed imagery. This research addresses the use of Space Imaging's 4-m multispectral Ikonos imagery for the survey and detection of leafy spurge infestations. Survey data were collected at a site in western No

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23

Chitrampalam, Periasamy, and Berlin D. Nelson. "Effect of Fusarium tricinctum on Growth of Soybean and a Molecular-based Method of Identification." Plant Health Progress 15, no. 3 (2014): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-rs-14-0014.

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Infection of soybean seedlings by Fusarium tricinctum and effects of isolates on growth and yield were evaluated in laboratory and field experiments in Fargo, North Dakota. Twenty one isolates from soybean roots collected in the field-infected cortical root tissue of soybean seedlings within 40 h at 23°C. In two field experiments conducted in 2012 and 2013, selected isolates significantly reduced emergence by 38 to 59% at three weeks after planting compared with noninoculated control. In 2013, isolates 91-1-8 and 91-319-3 significantly reduced plant height, number of plants with trifoliate lea

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Carter, Travis R., and Rodney G. Lym. "Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Affects Herbage Production in the Northern Great Plains." Invasive Plant Science and Management 10, no. 4 (2017): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2017.34.

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Canada thistle can cause greater than 50% yield loss in small grain crops, but little is known about production losses when the weed invades pasture and wildlands. Change in grass, forb, and woody species production from Canada thistle infestations was evaluated in two separate studies in North Dakota. The first measured change in production following aminopyralid applied at 120 g ha−1to control Canada thistle at two prairie sites. In general, grass, broadleaf, woody, and total plant yields were similar between treated and untreated prairie, regardless of the near-complete control of Canada th

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25

Greenland, Richard G. "Evaluation of Herbicides and Herbicide Application Timings for Carrot." HortScience 40, no. 4 (2005): 1102C—1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1102c.

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Few herbicides are available for weed control in carrot. Many of those that are available are old and are in danger of being discontinued. From 2000–04, field experiments were conducted on sandy loam soils at the Oakes Irrigation Research Site in North Dakota to evaluate some of the newer herbicides for possible use in carrot production. Herbicides were tested with preplant incorporated (PPI), preemergence (PRE), and/or several postemergence (POST) application timings. The major weed in this study was hairy nightshade. Cloransulam applied PRE severely injured carrot. Dimethenamid reduced carro

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Pereyra, S. A., and S. E. Germán. "First Report of Spot Type of Barley Net Blotch Caused by Pyrenophora teres f. sp. maculata in Uruguay." Plant Disease 88, no. 10 (2004): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.10.1162c.

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In September 2003, leaves exhibiting spot-type lesions similar to those produced by Cochliobolus sativus Drechs. ex Dastur were widely observed in six commercial barley crops of cvs. Norteña Daymán, Norteña Carumbé, and MUSA 936 in Soriano and Río Negro provinces, the main barley production region in western Uruguay. Spot lesions were tan to dark brown, circular to elliptical, and 3 to 10 mm in diameter. Larger lesions were surrounded by a chlorotic margin of varying width. Affected leaf pieces (10 to 15) from each field were placed in a moist chamber for 2 days to promote sporulation. A fungu

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27

Christoffers, Michael J., Vijay K. Nandula, Kirk A. Howatt, and Todd R. Wehking. "Target-site resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibitors in wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis)." Weed Science 54, no. 02 (2006): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-05-030r.1.

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Inhibitors of acetolactate synthase (ALS) are important herbicides for control of wild mustard, a common weed of the north central United States and Canada. Wild mustard that survived treatments with the ALS inhibitors cloransulam, imazethapyr, and thifensulfuron was sampled from a North Dakota soybean field in 1999. The mechanism of resistance and response of this wild mustard biotype to ALS-inhibiting herbicides was investigated. In vitro enzyme-inhibition experiments confirmed a resistance mechanism associated with the ALS enzyme; imazethapyr or imazamox at 1 × 10−4M caused only 10 to 11% a

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Greenland, Richard G., and Kirk A. Howatt. "Rimsulfuron Controls Hairy Nightshade, but not Eastern Black Nightshade, in Tomato." HortScience 40, no. 7 (2005): 2076–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.7.2076.

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Nightshade species are difficult to control in tomato production and their interference reduces both tomato yield and quality. Rimsulfuron can be used to control nightshades, but species and biotypes vary in their response to rimsulfuron. The objectives of this study were to evaluate control of hairy nightshade (Solanum sarrachoides Sendt.) and eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum Dun.) by rimsulfuron and compare North Dakota eastern black nightshade accession response to three acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor herbicides. In field studies conducted at Oakes, N. Dak., rimsulfuron a

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29

Hulke, Brent S., Samuel G. Markell, Nolan C. Kane, and Febina M. Mathew. "Phomopsis stem canker of sunflower in North America: correlation with climate and solutions through breeding and management." OCL 26 (2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2019011.

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Climate change is occurring in the central US and is interacting with agroecological factors to increase biotic stress in sunflower. Certain species of Diaporthe cause Phomopsis stem canker in sunflower and other dicotyledonous weeds and crops. The increase in precipitation already observed in the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota have increased the chances of outbreaks of necrotrophic pathogens, like Diaporthe. We discuss how climate trends, combined with technological, management, and economic interactions, are correlated with increasing incidence of Phomopsis stem canker i

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Kumar, Vipan, Prashant Jha, J. Anita Dille, and Phillip W. Stahlman. "Emergence Dynamics of Kochia (Kochia scoparia) Populations from the U.S. Great Plains: A Multi-Site-Year Study." Weed Science 66, no. 1 (2017): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2017.55.

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Evolution of kochia biotypes resistant to multiple herbicide sites of action is an increasing concern for growers across the U.S. Great Plains. This necessitates the development of integrated strategies for kochia control in this region based on improved forecasting of periodicity and patterns of kochia emergence in the field. Field experiments were conducted near Huntley, MT, in 2013 and 2014, and in Manhattan and Hays, KS, in 2013 to characterize the timing and pattern of emergence of several kochia populations collected from the U.S. Great Plains’ states. The more rapid accumulation of grow

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Caesar, A. J., R. T. Lartey, and T. Caesar-TonThat. "First Report of a Root and Crown Disease Caused by Rhizoctonia solani on Centaurea stoebe in Russia." Plant Disease 93, no. 12 (2009): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-12-1350a.

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Spotted knapweed (SKW), Centaurea stoebe L., is a nonindigenous species that is invasive over large areas in the United States, especially in the west. It has been estimated that infestations of SKW cause $42 million in direct and indirect economic losses annually (2), and the weed could potentially invade 13.6 million ha of rangeland in Montana alone. Extensive efforts toward the control of SKW have included the release of 12 insects for biological control, four of which attack the crowns and roots of this short-lived perennial. To focus efforts to select potential soilborne pathogens, which

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Lym, Rodney G., and Calvin G. Messersmith. "Cost-Effective Long-Term Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Control with Herbicides." Weed Technology 4, no. 3 (1990): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00026129.

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Four herbicide treatments applied in the spring or fall were evaluated for leafy spurge control and forage production in eastern and western North Dakota during a 5-yr experiment. All treatments gradually reduced the leafy spurge infestation at both locations except 2,4-D at 2.2 kg ae ha-1applied annually in the spring or fall and picloram plus 2,4-D at 0.28 plus 1.1 kg ae ha-1applied annually in the fall. The most cost effective treatment was picloram plus 2,4-D applied annually in the spring which provided a net return of $284 and $108/ha in eastern and western North Dakota, respectively, an

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Hooge Hom, Kathryn M., Sreekala G. Bajwa, Rodney G. Lym, and John F. Nowatzki. "Discrimination of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) and purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) based on field spectral data." Weed Technology 34, no. 2 (2019): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2019.96.

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AbstractLeafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) and purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.) are invasive weeds that displace native vegetation. Herbicides are often applied to these weeds during flowering, so it would be ideal to identify them early in the season, possibly by the leaves. This paper evaluates the spectral separability of the inflorescences and leaves of these plants from surrounding vegetation. Leafy spurge, purple loosestrife, and surrounding vegetation were collected from sites in southeastern North Dakota and subjected to spectral analysis. Partial least-squares discriminant ana

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Entz, M. H., R. Guilford, and R. Gulden. "Crop yield and soil nutrient status on 14 organic farms in the eastern portion of the northern Great Plains." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, no. 2 (2001): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p00-089.

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Cropping records from 13 organic farms in the eastern Canadian prairies and one in North Dakota (1991 to 1996) were surveyed to determine crop rotation pattern, yields and soil nutrient status. Major crops included cereal grains, forages, and green manure legumes. Organic grain and forage yields averaged from one-half to almost double conventional yields. Soil N, K and S levels on organic farms were generally sufficient; however, levels of available soil P were deficient in several instances. Key words: Crop rotation, weeds, forages, green manure crops

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Lym, Rodney G., and Calvin G. Messersmith. "Survey for Picloram in North Dakota Groundwater." Weed Technology 2, no. 2 (1988): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0003044x.

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Wells and streams in 10 North Dakota counties were surveyed for picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid), the major herbicide used to control leafy spurge (Euphorbia esulaL. # EPHES). Three rivers and 144 wells were sampled in 1985. Picloram concentration ranged from <0.1 to 12.4 ppb in the water from five wells in five counties and from <0.1 to 6 ppb in two rivers. An additional 44 wells were sampled in 1986; they were located within 2 km of the five wells where picloram was detected in 1985. Picloram concentrations in 1986 ranged from non-detectable to 6.7 ppb in th

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Fair, Jeanne M., Patricia L. Kennedy, and Lowell C. McEwen. "Effects of carbaryl grasshopper control on nesting killdeer in North Dakota." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 14, no. 5 (1995): 881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620140521.

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Lym, R. G., and Calvin G. Messersmith. "Leafy Spurge Control with Herbicides in North Dakota: 20-Year Summary." Journal of Range Management 38, no. 2 (1985): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3899259.

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Hanson, L. E. "First Report of Fusarium Yellows of Sugar Beet Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Michigan." Plant Disease 90, no. 12 (2006): 1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1554b.

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Fusarium yellows of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.Fr. f. sp. betae (Stewart) Snyd & Hans., has been a long-term problem in the western United States (3) and recently was reported in Minnesota and North Dakota (4). This disease is typified by interveinal yellowing and wilting of the foliage. Roots have no external symptoms but show internal vascular discoloration. In 2005, 12 sugar beet roots from Michigan with yellows-type symptoms were received by the author. Isolations were made from the cortical and vascular tissue of the crown and tap root. Fus

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Bradley, C. A., H. A. Lamey, G. J. Endres, et al. "Efficacy of Fungicides for Control of Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Canola." Plant Disease 90, no. 9 (2006): 1129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1129.

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Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), incited by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causes yield reductions to canola (Brassica napus) grown in North Dakota and Minnesota. Field trials were conducted in North Dakota and Minnesota from 2000 to 2004 to evaluate the effect of foliar fungicides on SSR and canola yield. Levels of SSR varied among years and location. In general, fungicides that consistently reduced SSR incidence compared with an untreated control were azoxystrobin, benomyl, boscalid, iprodione, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl, trifloxystrobin, and vinclozolin. Significant reductions

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Caesar, A. J., and R. T. Lartey. "First Report of Crown Gall Caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens on Euphorbia esula/virgata in Europe." Plant Disease 92, no. 12 (2008): 1710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-12-1710a.

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Hypertrophy and hyperplasia resembling crown galls were found on roots of Euphorbia esula/virgata at a single site in east-central Hungary in 2005. E. esula/virgata, known as leafy spurge in North America, is an invasive species causing substantial economic losses to the value of grazing lands in the Northern Great Plains of the United States and is the target of biological control. E. esula/virgata is widely distributed throughout Eurasia and is found on ditch banks, along roadsides, and in other noncultivated areas in its native range. Large galls on roots resembling crown gall were first no

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Yellareddygari, S. K. R., Charles R. Brown, Jonathan L. Whitworth, Richard A. Quick, Launa L. Hamlin, and Neil C. Gudmestad. "Assessing Potato Cultivar Sensitivity to Tuber Necrosis Caused by Tobacco rattle virus." Plant Disease 102, no. 7 (2018): 1376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-17-1918-re.

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Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) causes the economically important corky ring spot disease in potato. Chemical control is difficult due to the soilborne nature of the TRV-transmitting nematode vector, and identifying natural host resistance against TRV is considered to be the optimal control measure. The present study investigated the sensitivity of 63 cultivars representing all market types (evaluated at North Dakota and Washington over 2 years) for the incidence of TRV-induced tuber necrosis and severity. This article also investigates the cultivar–location interaction (using a mixed-effects model

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Poromarto, Susilo H., Greta G. Gramig, Berlin D. Nelson, and Shalu Jain. "Evaluation of Weed Species from the Northern Great Plains as Hosts of Soybean Cyst Nematode." Plant Health Progress 16, no. 1 (2015): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-rs-14-0024.

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Weeds can be alternate hosts of soybean cyst nematode (SCN), a major pathogen of soybean in the United States. Weed species from the northern soybean production area of North Dakota-northern Minnesota have not been evaluated for host suitability. Fifty-one weed species with multiple collections from different locations, representing 13 families were evaluated as hosts of SCN. Weeds were inoculated with SCN HG type 0 and a female index (FI) was calculated by comparing reproduction to that on Barnes, a susceptible soybean cultivar. Thirty-three weed species had not previously been tested. For 20

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Randall, John M. "Weed Control for the Preservation of Biological Diversity." Weed Technology 10, no. 2 (1996): 370–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00040124.

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Invasions by non-native plants threaten the preservation of many plant and animal species and communities throughout North America. These pest species compete with and displace native plants and animals and may substantially alter ecosystem functions (e.g., fire occurrence and frequency, nutrient cycling). Awareness of these threats among wildland managers has greatly increased in the last decade. In a recent poll of National Park superintendents, 61% of 246 respondents indicated non-native plant invasions were moderate or major problems at their parks. Likewise, over 60% of Nature Conservancy

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Leistritz, F. Larry, Flint Thompson, and Jay A. Leitch. "Economic Impact of Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) in North Dakota." Weed Science 40, no. 2 (1992): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500057349.

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Leafy spurge is a serious problem because of the speed with which it spreads and the difficulty of controlling it with available means. A rangeland economics model was developed to estimate the economic impacts of leafy spurge infestation on both ranchers and regional economies. A leafy spurge-induced carrying capacity reduction of about 580 000 animal unit months (AUMs), or enough for 77 000 cows, reduced ranchers' annual net income nearly $9 million. Ranchers did not spend another $14 million on input costs, which reduced regional business activity. The regional impacts are about $75 million

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Olson, Brittany Korynta, Matthew Brooke, Zhuoyu Wang, Andrej Svyantek, John Stenger, and Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. "‘Frontenac’ Grape Response to Canopy Management in North Dakota." Horticulturae 7, no. 9 (2021): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7090288.

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Experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the effects of training system and leaf removal treatments on yield and quality for ‘Frontenac’, an interspecific hybrid wine grape, at a research vineyard located near Absaraka, North Dakota. The experiment was structured as a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement including four training system treatments (Geneva Double Curtain (GDC), High Cordon (HC), Vertical Shoot Positioned (VSP), Four-Arm Kniffin (4AK)), and four-leaf removal timing treatments (bloom, post-bloom, veraison, and a control, no removal) with eig

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Thomas, A. G. "Floristic composition and relative abundance of weeds in annual crops of Manitoba." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 3 (1991): 831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-117.

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Annual surveys for weeds of fields seeded to spring wheat, barley, oats, flax, and canola in Manitoba were conducted during 1978, 1979, and 1981. Fields were surveyed during July and early August each year using a stratified random sampling procedure. Data for the crops and years were combined for analysis. The frequency, the area infested, and the density of the infestation were determined for each species. These three measures of the abundance of the weed were combined into a single synthetic value called relative abundance. Nine of the 152 species recorded by the surveyors accounted for 77%

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Gawn, T. L., K. C. Harrington, and C. Matthew. "Weed control in establishing mixed swards of clover plantain and chicory." New Zealand Plant Protection 65 (January 8, 2012): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2012.65.5425.

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A field trial was conducted in Palmerston North to assess weed control options for establishing mixed swards of chicory (Cichorium intybus) narrowleaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata) red clover (Trifolium pratense) and white clover (Trifolium repens) a pasture mixture currently popular for finishing lambs Haloxyfop safely controlled grass weeds and mowing twice during the first few months of establishment helped control some broadleaved weeds Flumetsulam was the safest herbicide for controlling broadleaved weeds although it caused severe suppression of plantain initially All other treatments

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Soltani, Nader, J. Anita Dille, Ian C. Burke, et al. "Potential Corn Yield Losses from Weeds in North America." Weed Technology 30, no. 4 (2016): 979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-16-00046.1.

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Crop losses from weed interference have a significant effect on net returns for producers. Herein, potential corn yield loss because of weed interference across the primary corn-producing regions of the United States and Canada are documented. Yield-loss estimates were determined from comparative, quantitative observations of corn yields between nontreated and treatments providing greater than 95% weed control in studies conducted from 2007 to 2013. Researchers from each state and province provided data from replicated, small-plot studies from at least 3 and up to 10 individual comparisons per

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Brinkman, Mark A., Tracie M. Jenkins, Nels H. Granholm, and Sharon A. Clay. "Genetic Variation in Aphthona nigriscutis Foudras (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations Introduced into the United States to Biologically Control Leafy Spurge." Journal of Entomological Science 36, no. 4 (2001): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-36.4.391.

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Cellulose acetate electrophoresis was used to examine the levels and distribution of genetic diversity in Aphthona nigriscutis Foudras populations 5 to 9 yrs following their introduction to sites in North and South Dakota for the purpose of biologically controlling leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. Gene expression patterns of two enzymes, phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), were analyzed to determine the genetic variation and distance among and between populations in North America and Hungary where the species is indigenous. Dakota populations were variable and more similar

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Krapu, Gary L., Glen A. Sargeant, and Alison E. H. Perkins. "Does Increasing Daylength Control Seasonal Changes in Clutch Sizes of Northern Pintails (Anas Acuta)?" Auk 119, no. 2 (2002): 498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.2.498.

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AbstractWe evaluated spatiotemporal variation in clutch sizes of Northern Pintails (pintails; Anas acuta) nesting in California (1985 to 1996), North Dakota (1982 to 1985), Saskatchewan (1982 to 1985) and Alaska (1991 to 1993) to determine whether seasonal declines in clutch size varied in ways that were consistent with a controlling influence of increasing day length. Pintails began nesting in mid-March in California, mid-April in North Dakota and Saskatchewan, and mid-May in Alaska. Observed durations of nesting were 70 ± 2.6 days (SE) in California, 60 ± 6.3 days in North Dakota, 66 ± 1.3 d

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