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1

Powles, Stephen B., and Peter D. Howat. "Herbicide-resistant Weeds in Australia." Weed Technology 4, no. 1 (March 1990): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00025203.

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This review considers the development of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes in Australia. Biotypes of the important annual weed species, capeweed, wall barley, and hare barley are resistant to the bipyridylium herbicides paraquat and diquat. These resistant biotypes developed on a small number of alfalfa fields that have a long history of paraquat and diquat use within a distinct geographical area in central western Victoria. The resistant biotypes are controlled by alternative herbicides and pose little practical concern. Some populations of wild oat are resistant to the methyl ester of diclof
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2

Spennemann, D. H. R., and L. R. Allen. "Feral olives ( Olea europaea) as future woody weeds in Australia: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 6 (2000): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98141.

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Olives (Olea europaea ssp. europaea), dispersed from 19th century orchards in the Adelaide area, have become established in remnant bushland as a major environmental weed. Recent expansion of the Australian olive industry has resulted in the widespread planting of olive orchards in South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, Western Australia, Queensland and parts of Tasmania. This paper reviews the literature on the activity of vertebrate (principally avian) olive predators and their potential as vectors for spreading this plant into Australian remnant bushland. The effects of feralisation on
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3

Borger, Catherine, Abul Hashem, and Mario D’Antuono. "Summer weed species incidence in Western Australia varies between seasons." Weed Science 67, no. 05 (July 12, 2019): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2019.30.

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AbstractAgronomic surveys of summer weed species are necessary to identify future research directions for optimal weed control, but usually focus on agricultural fields in a single season. To survey all species in the absence of weed control measures and determine species variability between seasons, a survey of 133 sites was conducted on roadsides adjoining agricultural fields throughout the Western Australian grainbelt in early 2015 and repeated in 2016 and 2017. The survey identified 144 species, but only 19 species were evident at more than 10% of sites. The most common species were weepin
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4

Scott, John K. "Biology and climatic requirements of Perapion antiquum (Coleoptera: Apionidae) in southern Africa: implications for the biological control of Emexspp. in Australia." Bulletin of Entomological Research 82, no. 3 (September 1992): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300041195.

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AbstractThe potential distribution of the South African weevil, Perapion antiquum (Gyllenhal), a biological control agent for the weeds Emex spp., was deter mined by the computer program CLIMEX, using its native distribution, phenology and abundance together with development parameters. The predicted distribution included parts of Hawaii where the weevil successfully controlled Emex australis and E. spinosa. In Australia, sites of past unsuccessful releases have climates that this analysis indicates are unsuitable for the insect. The most favourable regions for establishment of the weevil are
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5

Hashem, Abul, R. Michael Collins, and David G. Bowran. "Efficacy of Interrow Weed Control Techniques in Wide Row Narrow-Leaf Lupin." Weed Technology 25, no. 1 (March 2011): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00081.1.

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The sharp decline in the area of lupin grown in Australia is partly attributed to the failure to control herbicide-resistant weeds in narrow-leaf lupin crops grown with the conventional 25-cm-wide row spacing. Growing lupin with wider row spacing allows for interrow weed control by nonselective herbicides using a sprayshield or physical methods. During 2003 to 2006, two experiments conducted at five sites evaluated the efficacy of interrow weed control techniques in narrow-leaf lupin crops grown in 55- to 65-cm-wide rows within the Western Australia wheatbelt. Interrow herbicides were applied
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6

Borger, Catherine P. D., Abul Hashem, and Shahab Pathan. "Manipulating Crop Row Orientation to Suppress Weeds and Increase Crop Yield." Weed Science 58, no. 2 (June 2010): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-09-094.1.

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Crop rows oriented at a right angle to sunlight direction (i.e., east–west within the winter cropping system in Western Australia) may suppress weed growth through greater shading of weeds in the interrow spaces. This was investigated in the districts of Merredin and Beverley, Western Australian (latitudes of 31° and 32°S) from 2002 to 2005 (four trials). Winter grain crops (wheat, barley, canola, lupines, and field peas) were sown in an east–west or north–south orientation. Within wheat and barley crops oriented east–west, weed biomass (averaged throughout all trials) was reduced by 51 and 37
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7

Ahmad-Hamdani, M. S., Mechelle J. Owen, Qin Yu, and Stephen B. Powles. "ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicide-ResistantAvenaspp. Populations from the Western Australian Grain Belt." Weed Technology 26, no. 1 (March 2012): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-11-00089.1.

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Avenaspp. are world weeds with many cases of evolved herbicide resistance. In Australia,Avenaspp. (wild oat and sterile oat) are a major problem, especially in grain crops. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)–inhibiting herbicides have been used extensively since the late 1970s forAvenaspp. control. However, continued reliance on these herbicides has resulted in the evolution of resistantAvenaspp. populations. Resistance across many ACCase-inhibiting herbicides was characterized in fourAvenaspp. populations from the Western Australian grain belt. Dose–response experiments were conducted to determi
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8

Seymour, M. "Narbon bean (Vicia narbonensis) agronomy in south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 10 (2006): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04091.

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Narbon bean (Vicia narbonensis L.) shows promise as a fodder, green manure and grain crop in south-western Australia. This study examines the effect of time of sowing (2 experiments), plant density (3 experiments) and reaction to herbicides (4 experiments on tolerance to herbicides and 1 experiment on removing narbon bean from a wheat crop) in 10 separate field experiments sown at 4 locations in the mallee region of Western Australia from 1998 to 2001. Narbon bean was found to be unresponsive to changes in sowing date with yield maintained until the first week of June. The optimum plant densit
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9

Harries, Martin, Ken C. Flower, Craig A. Scanlan, Michael T. Rose, and Michael Renton. "Interactions between crop sequences, weed populations and herbicide use in Western Australian broadacre farms: findings of a six-year survey." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 5 (2020): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19509.

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Six years of survey data taken from 184 paddocks spanning 14 million ha of land used for crop and pasture production in south-west Western Australia were used to assess weed populations, herbicide resistance, integrated weed management (IWM) actions and herbicide use patterns in a dryland agricultural system. Key findings were that weed density within crops was low, with 72% of cropping paddocks containing fewer than 10 grass weeds/m2 at anthesis. Weed density and herbicide resistance were not correlated, despite the most abundant grass weed species (annual ryegrass, Lolium rigidum Gaudin) tes
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10

Hurst, Thomas, and Paul I. Boon. "Agricultural weeds and coastal saltmarsh in south-eastern Australia: an insurmountable problem?" Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 4 (2016): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt16027.

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It is often assumed that saline coastal wetlands experience environmental conditions so severe that they are largely immune to invasion by exotic plant species. The belief is implicit in many older reviews of threats to mangroves and coastal saltmarshes, where a limited range of vascular plant taxa, often focussing on *Spartina, (throughout the paper an asterisk denotes an introduced (exotic) species as per Carr 2012) have been invoked as the major species of concern. Even though the weed flora of southern Australia is derived largely from agriculture and horticulture, neither of which include
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11

Scott, J. K., and P. B. Yeoh. "Bionomics and the predicted distribution of the aphid Brachycaudus rumexicolens (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 89, no. 1 (January 1999): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485399000127.

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AbstractDevelopment rates of the aphid, Brachycaudus rumexicolens (Patch), a recent arrival in Australia and a potential biological control agent against weeds in the family Polygonaceae, were measured over a range of constant temperatures. The theoretical lower limit for development is 6.4°C and the upper limit 32°C. Maximum fecundity per day was reached at 19°C. The rate of increase peaked at about 28°C giving a population doubling time of less than two days. These values were used with the current distribution to develop a CLIMEX model to predict the potential world distribution of the aphi
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12

Walsh, Michael J., Charlotte Aves, and Stephen B. Powles. "Harvest Weed Seed Control Systems are Similarly Effective on Rigid Ryegrass." Weed Technology 31, no. 2 (March 2017): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2017.6.

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Harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems have been developed to exploit the high proportions of seed retained at maturity by the annual weeds rigid ryegrass, wild radish, bromegrass, and wild oats. To evaluate the efficacy of HWSC systems on rigid ryegrass populations, three systems, the Harrington Seed Destructor (HSD), chaff carts, and narrow-windrow burning were compared at 24 sites across the western and southern wheat production regions of Australia. HWSC treatments were established at harvest (Nov. – Dec.) in wheat crops with low to moderate rigid ryegrass densities (1 to 26 plants m−2).
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13

Lee, E., S. J. Wylie, and M. G. K. Jones. "First Report of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ Associated With Severe Stunting and Necrosis on the Invasive Weed Pelargonium capitatum in Western Australia." Plant Disease 94, no. 10 (October 2010): 1264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-10-0477.

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Pelargonium capitatum (rose pelargonium) is a plant indigenous to southern Africa, originally brought to Western Australia for its ornamental qualities. It has since become naturalized in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region, recognized for its high level of species endemism, where it is a serious invasive weed in bushlands and coastal dunes. Since P. capitatum outcompetes native species it is listed among the top 10 most important coastal weeds of the region (3). In 2008, large patches of stunted, dying, and dead P. capitatum plants were observed within a population covering coastal dune
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14

Monjardino, M., D. J. Pannell, and S. B. Powles. "The economic value of haying and green manuring in the integrated management of annual ryegrass and wild radish in a Western Australian farming system." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 12 (2004): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03144.

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Most cropping farms in Western Australia must deal with the management of herbicide-resistant populations of weeds such as annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). Farmers are approaching the problem of herbicide resistance by adopting integrated weed management systems, which allow weed control with a range of different techniques. These systems include non-herbicide methods ranging from delayed seeding and high crop seeding rates to the use of non-cropping phases in the rotation. In this paper, the Multi-species RIM (resistance and integrated management) mode
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15

Clements, David R., David J. Peterson, and Raj Prasad. "The biology of Canadian weeds. 112. Ulex europaeus L." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p99-128.

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Gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) is a leguminous shrub native to western Europe and North Africa. During the past century it has greatly expanded its adventive range in Australia, New Zealand, Chile and Europe, and along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America. In Canada, it is found in British Columbia (Vancouver, Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands and Queen Charlotte Islands) where it is classed as a noxious weed. Gorse is also found from Virginia to Massachusetts on the east coast of North America. The shrub rapidly invades dry and disturbed areas, forming dense thickets that can suppress
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16

Walsh, Michael J., and Stephen B. Powles. "High Seed Retention at Maturity of Annual Weeds Infesting Crop Fields Highlights the Potential for Harvest Weed Seed Control." Weed Technology 28, no. 3 (September 2014): 486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-13-00183.1.

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Seed production of annual weeds persisting through cropping phases replenishes/establishes viable seed banks from which these weeds will continue to interfere with crop production. Harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems are now viewed as an effective means of interrupting this process by targeting mature weed seed, preventing seed bank inputs. However, the efficacy of these systems is directly related to the proportion of total seed production that the targeted weed species retains (seed retention) at crop maturity. This study determined the seed retention of the four dominant annual weeds o
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17

Adair, R. J., and J. K. Scott. "Distribution, life history and host specificity of Chrysolina picturata and Chrysolina sp. B (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), two biological control agents for Chrysanthemoides monilifera (Compositae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 87, no. 4 (August 1997): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300037354.

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AbstractThe southern African shrubs Chrysanthemoides monilifera monilifera and C. m. rotundata (Compositae) are serious weeds of native vegetation in Australia and are targets for classical biological control. In host specificity tests using 69 species from 25 families, two leaf-feeding chrysomelid beetles, Chrysolina picturata (Clark) and Chrysolina sp. B, were able to complete development on only Chrysanthemoides monilifera and C. incana. The subspecies Chrysanthemoides m. monilifera was the superior host for both Chrysolina picturata and Chrysolina sp. B. Feeding and limited development of
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18

Scott, John K., Kathryn L. Batchelor, and Bruce L. Webber. "Long term monitoring of recruitment dynamics determines eradication feasibility for an introduced coastal weed." NeoBiota 50 (September 2, 2019): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.50.35070.

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Bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata) is a Weed of National Significance in Australia and has impacted a significant portion of the eastern coastline. Its discovery in Western Australia was, therefore, a cause for concern. Assessment and control of the isolated and well-defined population began in 2012. To assess the feasibility of eradication in Western Australia as a management outcome for bitou bush, we applied a rigorous data-driven quantification and prediction process to the control program. Between 2012 and 2018 we surveyed over 253 ha of land and removed 1766 bitou
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19

Ashworth, Michael B., Michael J. Walsh, Ken C. Flower, and Stephen B. Powles. "Identification of glyphosate-resistant Lolium rigidum and Raphanus raphanistrum populations within the first Western Australian plantings of transgenic glyphosate-resistant canola." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 9 (2015): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp15031.

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Transgenic glyphosate-resistant canola was first commercially grown in Western Australia (WA) in 2010, providing an opportunity to obtain important baseline data regarding the level of glyphosate resistance in weeds following the exclusive use of glyphosate for in-crop weed control. In this study, two surveys (2010 and 2011) were conducted across the 14 Mha of the grainbelt of WA. The 2010 survey was carried out at the late-flowering stage of glyphosate-resistant canola, whereas the 2011 survey was conducted at an earlier growth stage (6–8 leaves), ~2–3 weeks after the second in-crop glyphosat
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20

Owen, Mechelle J., and Stephen B. Powles. "The frequency of herbicide-resistant wild oat (Avena spp.) populations remains stable in Western Australian cropping fields." Crop and Pasture Science 67, no. 5 (2016): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp15295.

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Avena is a problematic weed of cropping regions of southern Australia and many areas of the world. In 2010, a random survey was conducted across 14 million hectares of the Western Australian grain belt to monitor the change in herbicide resistance levels by comparing resistance frequency results with a survey conducted in 2005. Screening Avena populations with herbicides commonly used to control this weed revealed that 48% of Avena populations displayed resistance to the commonly used acetyl-Co A carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides, which was lower than that found in 2005 (71%). The broad-spectr
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21

Malik, Raj S., Mark Seymour, Robert J. French, John A. Kirkegaard, Roger A. Lawes, and Mark A. Liebig. "Dynamic crop sequencing in Western Australian cropping systems." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 6 (2015): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14097.

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During the last two decades in Western Australia, the traditional mixed farming system has been increasingly displaced by intensive crop sequences dominated by wheat. Intensive wheat sequences are usually maintained by using suitable breaks, including pasture, fallow, or alternative cereal, oilseed and legume crops, to control weeds and disease, or maintain the supply of nitrogen to crops. New cereal fungicide options may also assist to maintain intensive cereal systems by suppressing soilborne cereal diseases. To guide the successful diversification of intensive cereal systems, we evaluated t
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22

Seymour, Mark, John A. Kirkegaard, Mark B. Peoples, Peter F. White, and Robert J. French. "Break-crop benefits to wheat in Western Australia – insights from over three decades of research." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp11320.

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Broadleaf break crops improve cereal yield through disease and weed control, increased nitrogen (N) availability and other mechanisms. In the rainfed farming systems of Australia the magnitude of the yield benefit is highly variable, yet is a major driver for adoption of break crops which are often less profitable and more risky than cereals. Declining area of break crops throughout Australia has re-ignited interest in better understanding the circumstances in which break-crop benefits can be maximised from a farming systems perspective. We compiled and analysed a database of 167 crop sequence
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23

Monjardino, M., D. J. Pannell, and S. B. Powles. "The economic value of pasture phases in the integrated management of annual ryegrass and wild radish in a Western Australian farming system." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 3 (2004): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03050.

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Most cropping farms in Western Australia must deal with the management of herbicide-resistant populations of weeds such as annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum�L.). Farmers are approaching the problem of herbicide resistance by adopting integrated weed management systems, which allow weed control with a range of different techniques. One important question in the design of such systems is whether and when the benefits of including pasture in rotation with crops exceed the costs. In this paper, the multi-species resistance and integrated management mode
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24

Hughes, Michael, and Roy Jones. "From productivism to multi-functionality in the Gascoyne - Murchison Rangelands of Western Australia." Rangeland Journal 32, no. 2 (2010): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj09079.

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A sustainability assessment of the Western Australian (WA) rangelands identified a range of issues associated with regional economic decline typical of many marginal rangeland regions in Australia. As part of a regional rejuvenation strategy, the WA state government purchased selected pastoral lease properties for incorporation into the conservation estate. It was intended as a means of land-use transition from mono-functional productivism to multi-functionality incorporating protection of significant rangeland bioregions and development of tourism. A 1-year project was conducted to assess the
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25

Smith, K. J., P. A. Fleming, T. L. Kreplins, and B. A. Wilson. "Population monitoring and habitat utilisation of the ash-grey mouse (Pseudomys albocinereus) in Western Australia." Australian Mammalogy 41, no. 2 (2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am17061.

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Although Australia has a diverse native rodent fauna, the population dynamics and habitat requirements of most species have not yet been identified. Effective management for conservation of these species is therefore hindered. The aim of the present study was to investigate the habitat use and population dynamics of the ash-grey mouse (Pseudomys albocinereus) through trapping and radio-tracking in Boonanarring Nature Reserve, Western Australia. Although there was no relationship between capture rate and time since fire, ash-grey mice selected dense understorey vegetation. Burrows (47% of 19 un
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Riethmuller, G. P., A. Hashem, and S. M. Pathan. "Chemical and Non-Chemical Weed Control in Wide Row Lupins and Chickpeas in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering 7, no. 1 (January 2009): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14488388.2009.11464795.

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27

KNIHINICKI, DANUTA K., KATHRYN L. MCCARREN, and JOHN K. SCOTT. "A new species of Aceria (Acari: Eriophyidae) damaging sowthistles, Sonchus spp. (Asteraceae), in Australia with notes on Aceria sonchi (Nalepa, 1902)." Zootaxa 2119, no. 1 (May 27, 2009): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2119.1.2.

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A new species of eriophyoid mite from Australia is described and illustrated. Aceria thalgi sp. n. causes severe curling and rolling of leaves of common introduced sowthistle, Sonchus oleraceus L. It also affects introduced Sonchus asper (L.) Hill and native Sonchus hydrophilus Boulos. The native species may be the original host for this mite. Aceria thalgi sp. n. is shown to be a separate species to Aceria sonchi (Nalepa), which forms distinctive leaf galls on Sonchus spp. in southern Europe. English translations of past descriptions of A. sonchi are included for comparison. Historical observ
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28

Coutts, B. A., J. R. Hawkes, and R. A. C. Jones. "Occurrence of Beet western yellows virus and its aphid vectors in over-summering broad-leafed weeds and volunteer crop plants in the grainbelt region of south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 9 (2006): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05407.

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During the summer periods of 2000, 2001, and 2002, presence of Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) was assessed in tests on samples from at least 12 broad-leafed weed species and 5 types of volunteer crop plants growing in the grainbelt region of south-western Australia. In 2000, BWYV was detected in 2 of 35 sites in 2% of 1437 samples, whereas in 2001 and 2002 the corresponding figures were 3 of 108 sites in 0.04% of 8782 samples, and 1 of 30 sites in 0.08% of 2524 samples, respectively. The sites with infection were in northern, central, and southern grainbelt districts, and in high and medium
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Owen, Mechelle J., and Stephen B. Powles. "Lessons learnt: crop-seed cleaning reduces weed-seed contamination in Western Australian grain samples." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 7 (2020): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20093.

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Weeds are a major contributing factor to crop yield loss. Weed control is regularly practiced during the growing season, with many growers making a conscious effort to minimise weed-seed return to the soil seedbank during the cropping program. However, growers may be unintentionally introducing weed seeds through sowing of contaminated crop seed. Using samples of crop seed obtained from 29 growers across two Western Australian grain-growing regions, 81 samples were hand-cleaned to determine weed-seed contamination levels. Of those samples, 41% were weed-free, and in the remaining 59%, the main
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Duong, Thi Tam, Tom D. Brewer, Jo Luck, and Kerstin K. Zander. "Farmers’ assessment of plant biosecurity risk management strategies and influencing factors: A study of smallholder farmers in Australia." Outlook on Agriculture 48, no. 1 (February 13, 2019): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727019829754.

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Plant biosecurity threats such as pest, weeds and disease occurrences cause substantial economic damage to the agricultural sector, worldwide and in Australia. How smallholder farmers choose biosecurity management strategies remains poorly understood, particularly of smallholder cultural minority groups. In this study, we explore how Vietnamese smallholder farmers in Australia assess their biosecurity risk management strategies and the factors that explain their choice of different strategies. To do so, we conducted a survey of 101 Vietnamese farmers in the Northern Territory, South Australia
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Bach, Thomas M., Christian A. Kull, and Haripriya Rangan. "From killing lists to healthy country: Aboriginal approaches to weed control in the Kimberley, Western Australia." Journal of Environmental Management 229 (January 2019): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.050.

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32

Scott, JK, and PB Yeoh. "The Rediscovery and Distribution of Rumex drummondii (Polygonaceae) in South-Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 43, no. 4 (1995): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9950397.

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Rumex drummondii Meisn., a south-western Australian endemic vascular plant species recorded from widely separated localities, had not been collected for 46 years and was considered possibly extinct. The methods developed from search theory, which has been used for finding lost people or objects, were applied to finding R. drummondii, starting from previous records. Eleven populations of the species were discovered within a 50 km radius in the Kalgan River and Manypeaks region. A disjunct population of six plants was found in 1992 in a parking area at a crossing of the Moore River, 480 km north
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33

McMurray, Larn S., Christopher Preston, Albert Vandenberg, Dili Mao, Klaus H. Oldach, Kendra S. Meier, and Jeffrey G. Paull. "Development of High Levels of Metribuzin Tolerance in Lentil." Weed Science 67, no. 1 (October 2, 2018): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2018.57.

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AbstractLentil (Lens culinarisMedik.) is an important and expanding crop in southern Australia and a significant crop in western Canada. Currently, production in both countries is limited by an inability to effectively control weeds, due in part to a lack of registered safe and effective herbicides. Metribuzin is a broad-spectrum herbicide providing an alternative weed control option to the imidazolinones, but it has low crop safety in lentil. Two methods, germplasm screening using a hydroponic sand assay and field screening of a large mutated population of the Australian cultivar ‘PBA Flash’
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King, DR, and DR King. "An Assessment of the Hazard Posed to Northern Quolls (Dasyurus-Hallucatus) by Aerial Baiting With 1080 to Control Dingoes." Wildlife Research 16, no. 5 (1989): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890569.

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The hazard posed to northern quolls, Dasyurus hallucatus, during aerial baiting programs for the control of dingoes was studied in a pastoral area of Western Australia. The incidence of mortality and the movements of the animals were studied by means of radiotelemetry. Minimum activity areas ranged from 5 to 1109 ha, and the longest movement recorded was 3.5 km over 7 days. All animals could have encountered baits. Mating occurred shortly before baits were laid. The animals subsequently lost condition and body weights were low at the time of baiting. No quolls died in the 2 weeks following the
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Walker, SR, and WM Blacklow. "Adsorption and degradation of triazine herbicides in soils used for lupin production in Western-Australia - Laboratory studies and a simulation model." Soil Research 32, no. 6 (1994): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9941189.

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Most lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L. and L. albus L.) grown in Western Australia are sown with simazine, and some with atrazine, to give persistent control of a broad spectrum of weeds. Rates of application are adjusted for soil types yet there can be ineffective weed control and crop damage. The kinetics of degradation in four soils was studied in the laboratory to determine how it varied between soils and was modified by soil temperature, pH, moisture and gamma irradiation. The time for half the herbicide to be lost from the soils (HL) varied from 42 to 110 days at 20�C and -0.08 MPa water
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36

Aghighi, S., L. Fontanini, P. B. Yeoh, G. E. St J. Hardy, T. I. Burgess, and J. K. Scott. "A Conceptual Model to Describe the Decline of European Blackberry (Rubus anglocandicans), A Weed of National Significance in Australia." Plant Disease 98, no. 5 (May 2014): 580–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-13-1124-fe.

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Human activities have had an adverse impact on ecosystems on a global scale and have caused an unprecedented redispersal of organisms, with both plants and pathogens moving from their regions of origin to other parts of the world. Invasive plants are a potential threat to ecosystems globally, and their management costs tens of billions of dollars per annum. Rubus anglocandicans (European blackberry) is a serious invasive species in Australia. Herbicide and cultural control methods are generally inefficient or require multiple applications. Therefore, a biological control program using stem and
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37

Walker, SR, and WM Blacklow. "Corrigenda - Adsorption and degradation of triazine herbicides in soils used for lupin production in Western-Australia - Laboratory studies and a simulation model." Soil Research 32, no. 6 (1994): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9941189c.

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Most lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L. and L. albus L.) grown in Western Australia are sown with simazine, and some with atrazine, to give persistent control of a broad spectrum of weeds. Rates of application are adjusted for soil types yet there can be ineffective weed control and crop damage. The kinetics of degradation in four soils was studied in the laboratory to determine how it varied between soils and was modified by soil temperature, pH, moisture and gamma irradiation. The time for half the herbicide to be lost from the soils (HL) varied from 42 to 110 days at 20�C and -0.08 MPa water
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38

Petch, A., and RW Smith. "Effect of lupin management on the yield of subsequent wheat crops in a lupin-wheat rotation." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 3 (1985): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850603.

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Wheat was grown in a series of 1:1 rotation cycles with sweet lupins over 8 years on three sites in Western Australia. Grain yield of wheat was the main test used to compare five lupin management treatments with a control treatment, 'no-lupins'. The lupins were cut as for silage, cut as for hay, or harvested as mature grain, the stubble being burnt or removed in summer, or turned into the soil the next autumn. Nitrogen taken up in the lupins and in the wheat was measured, as well as soil mineral nitrogen in the top 10 cm in the final year. Lupin yield and nitrogen content within any year were
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39

Williams, P., K. M. Green, and B. Swanson. "A cold treatment for postharvest control of western flower thrips on strawberry runners." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 12 (2005): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03191.

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In 1998–99, outbreaks of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergrande), western flower thrips (WFT), caused extensive damage to strawberry crops in the Yarra Valley, Victoria. These crops were within 30 km of Toolangi where over 80% of certified strawberry runners for Australia are produced. Commercial growers store runners for various periods of time at temperatures as low as –2°C. Cold temperature disinfestation was evaluated as a potential strategy in a contingency plan to prevent the spread of WFT on strawberry runners. Western flower thrips at various life stages on gerbera flowers (on which the
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40

James, T. K., and A. Rahman. "Management and control options for tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum) in hill country pastures a review." New Zealand Plant Protection 68 (January 8, 2015): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2015.68.5880.

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Tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum) is a highly invasive semievergreen shrubby weed found throughout New Zealand Described as a serious pasture weed in 1937 it has been held in check for many years by tutsan rust Recently it has spread rapidly into pasture forestry and conservation areas Present methods available for managing tutsan are proving inadequate and unsustainable This review paper provides an overview of tutsans biology ecology habitat and its current distribution in New Zealand It details possible management strategies and control options with emphasis on control by herbicides The paper
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Anderson, W. K., G. B. Crosbie, and W. J. Lambe. "Production practices in Western Australia for wheats suitable for white, salted noodles." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 1 (1997): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a95133.

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Wheat cultivars acceptable for the Noodle wheat segregation in Western Australia were compared with cultivars suitable for the Australian Standard White (ASW) grade over the period 1989–93. Yield and grain quality responses to sowing time, nitrogen fertiliser, soil type, and cropping history were examined to determine management practices most likely to result in wheat grain suitable for the production of white, salted noodles. Thirty experiments were conducted in the 300–450 mm average annual rainfall zone between Three Springs in the north (approx. 29° 30′S) and Newdegate in the south (appro
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42

Hunt, James R. "Winter wheat cultivars in Australian farming systems: a review." Crop and Pasture Science 68, no. 6 (2017): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17173.

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Winter wheat cultivars are defined as those that have an obligate vernalisation requirement that must be met before they will progress from the vegetative to reproductive phase of development i.e. they must experience a true winter before they will flower. Historically, very little breeding effort has been applied to the selection of winter cultivars suited to southern Australia, with the notable exception of the New South Wales Agriculture breeding program based in Wagga and Temora that ran from the 1960s until 2002. A shift by growers to earlier sowing, increased usage of dual-purpose cereal
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43

McKenzie, John, Dannielle Brazier, Shane Campbell, Joseph Vitelli, Angela Anderson, and Robert Mayer. "Foliar herbicide control of sticky florestina (Florestina tripteris DC.)." Rangeland Journal 36, no. 3 (2014): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj13091.

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Sticky florestina (Florestina tripteris DC.) is an annual exotic weed that has become naturalised near the townships of Tambo and Barcaldine in central western Queensland, Australia. Three experiments conducted near Barcaldine identified foliar herbicides effective in killing sticky florestina plants and in providing residual activity to reduce recruitment from the soil seed bank. An initial chemical screening experiment evaluated the efficacy of 28 herbicide treatments. The most promising herbicides were then further evaluated in two response-rate experiments. Overall, 2,4-D/picloram, aminopy
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Llewellyn, R. S., R. K. Lindner, D. J. Pannell, and S. B. Powles. "Grain grower perceptions and use of integrated weed management." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 10 (2004): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03115.

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Greater adoption of integrated weed management, to reduce herbicide reliance, is an objective of many research and extension programmes. In Australian grain-growing regions, integrated weed management is particularly important for the management of herbicide resistance in weeds. In this study, survey data from personal interviews with 132 Western Australian grain growers are used to characterise the use and perceptions of integrated weed management practices. The main objective was to identify opportunities for improved weed management decision making, through targeted research and extension.
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Scott, John K., and Roger G. Shivas. "Impact of insects and fungi on doublegee (Emex australis) in the Western Australian wheatbelt." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 5 (1998): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97143.

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Biotic influences on doublegee(Emex australis Steinheil) seed production wereinvestigated as a precursor to the introduction of new insect biologicalcontrol agents for this weed, and to investigate the cause of doublegeedecline in the northern and central wheatbelt of Western Australia since 1990.The symptoms of the decline are doublegee plants of reduced size withdistorted leaves, collapsed stems, and smaller achenes(the spiny seed-bearing fruit) that crumble when mature.Three sites were investigated in 1992 by surveys for insects and fungi, andinsect and fungus exclusion experiments.Emex ste
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46

You, M. P., V. Lanoiselet, C. P. Wang, R. G. Shivas, Y. P. Li, and M. J. Barbetti. "First Report of Rice Blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) on Rice (Oryza sativa) in Western Australia." Plant Disease 96, no. 8 (August 2012): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-12-0420-pdn.

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Commercial rice crops (Oryza sativa L.) have been recently reintroduced to the Ord River Irrigation Area in northern Western Australia. In early August 2011, unusual leaf spot symptoms were observed by a local rice grower on rice cultivar Quest. A leaf spot symptom initially appeared as grey-green and/or water soaked with a darker green border and then expanded rapidly to several centimeters in length and became light tan in color with a distinct necrotic border. Isolations from typical leaf lesions were made onto water agar, subcultured onto potato dextrose agar, and maintained at 20°C. A rep
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47

Borger, Catherine P. D., Glen P. Riethmuller, Michael Ashworth, David Minkey, Abul Hashem, and Stephen B. Powles. "Increased Carrier Volume Improves Preemergence Control of Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Zero-Tillage Seeding Systems." Weed Technology 27, no. 4 (December 2013): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00117.

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PRE herbicides are less effective in the zero-tillage system because of increased residual crop stubble and reduced soil incorporation. However, since weeds are not physically controlled in the zero-tillage system, reliance on efficacy of PRE herbicides is increased. This research investigated the impact of carrier volume and droplet size on the performance of PRE herbicides (in wheat crops at four sites in 2010) to improve herbicide efficacy in conditions of high stubble biomass in zero-tillage systems. Increasing carrier volume from 30 to 150 L ha−1increased spray coverage on water-sensitive
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48

D'Emden, F. H., and R. S. Llewellyn. "No-tillage adoption decisions in southern Australian cropping and the role of weed management." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 4 (2006): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05025.

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Adoption of no-tillage sowing systems has increased rapidly in many Australian grain growing regions over the past decade. The extent of herbicide resistant weed populations in these regions has also increased over the same period. A survey of growers in the South and Western Australian cropping regions was conducted to identify opportunities for more effective tillage and weed-related extension. Trends in sowing system use are determined, as are growers’ perceptions of the long-term effects of no-tillage on herbicide costs, herbicide resistance, and soil erosion. The results suggest a major e
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KNIHINICKI, DANUTA K., RADMILA PETANOVIĆ, TATJANA CVRKOVIĆ, and SONAL VARIA. "A new species of Aculus mite (Acari: Eriophyidae), a potential biocontrol agent for Australian swamp stonecrop, Crassula helmsii (Crassulaceae)." Zootaxa 4497, no. 4 (October 11, 2018): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.7.

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A new, gall-forming eriophyoid mite species is described from Australia. Aculus crassulae sp. nov. was found causing significant leaf deformation in Crassula helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne (Crassulaceae), a semi-aquatic, succulent plant. Native to Australia and New Zealand, this plant is now a highly invasive weed in the United Kingdom and Western Europe. The host specificity of the new mite species, and damage caused to the host plant, infer its potential to be a valuable biological control agent in countries where Australian swamp stonecrop is threatening native flora. The species description provi
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50

Lanoiselet, V., M. P. You, Y. P. Li, C. P. Wang, R. G. Shivas, and M. J. Barbetti. "First Report of Sarocladium oryzae Causing Sheath Rot on Rice (Oryza sativa) in Western Australia." Plant Disease 96, no. 9 (September 2012): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-12-0415-pdn.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been grown in the Ord River Irrigation Area (ORIA) in northern Western Australia since 1960. In 2011, a sheath rot of rice was observed in the ORIA. Symptoms were variable, appearing as either (i) oblong pale to dark brown lesions up to 3 cm length, (ii) lesions with pale grey/brown centers and with dark brown margins, or (iii) diffuse dark or reddish brown streaks along the sheath. Lesions enlarged and coalesced, often covering the majority of the leaf sheath, disrupting panicle emergence. Isolations from small pieces of infested tissues from plants showing sheath r
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