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Journal articles on the topic 'Weeds South Australia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Spennemann, D. H. R., and L. R. Allen. "Feral olives ( Olea europaea) as future woody weeds in Australia: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 6 (2000): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98141.

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Olives (Olea europaea ssp. europaea), dispersed from 19th century orchards in the Adelaide area, have become established in remnant bushland as a major environmental weed. Recent expansion of the Australian olive industry has resulted in the widespread planting of olive orchards in South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, Western Australia, Queensland and parts of Tasmania. This paper reviews the literature on the activity of vertebrate (principally avian) olive predators and their potential as vectors for spreading this plant into Australian remnant bushland. The effects of feralisation on

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2

Latif, Sajid, Saliya Gurusinghe, Paul A. Weston, William B. Brown, Jane C. Quinn, John W. Piltz, and Leslie A. Weston. "Performance and weed-suppressive potential of selected pasture legumes against annual weeds in south-eastern Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 2 (2019): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp18458.

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Mixed farming systems have traditionally incorporated subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) as key components of the pasture phase across south-eastern Australia. However, poor adaptation of subterranean clover to acidic soils, insufficient and inconsistent rainfall, high input costs, soil acidification and the emergence of herbicide-resistant weeds have reduced efficacy of some traditional clover species in recent years. To overcome these challenges, numerous novel pasture species have been selectively improved and released for establishment in Austr

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3

Scott, John K. "Biology and climatic requirements of Perapion antiquum (Coleoptera: Apionidae) in southern Africa: implications for the biological control of Emexspp. in Australia." Bulletin of Entomological Research 82, no. 3 (September 1992): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300041195.

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AbstractThe potential distribution of the South African weevil, Perapion antiquum (Gyllenhal), a biological control agent for the weeds Emex spp., was deter mined by the computer program CLIMEX, using its native distribution, phenology and abundance together with development parameters. The predicted distribution included parts of Hawaii where the weevil successfully controlled Emex australis and E. spinosa. In Australia, sites of past unsuccessful releases have climates that this analysis indicates are unsuitable for the insect. The most favourable regions for establishment of the weevil are

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4

Graham, Sonia, and Sarah Rogers. "How Local Landholder Groups Collectively Manage Weeds in South-Eastern Australia." Environmental Management 60, no. 3 (April 6, 2017): 396–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-017-0859-7.

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5

Hurst, Thomas, and Paul I. Boon. "Agricultural weeds and coastal saltmarsh in south-eastern Australia: an insurmountable problem?" Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 4 (2016): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt16027.

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It is often assumed that saline coastal wetlands experience environmental conditions so severe that they are largely immune to invasion by exotic plant species. The belief is implicit in many older reviews of threats to mangroves and coastal saltmarshes, where a limited range of vascular plant taxa, often focussing on *Spartina, (throughout the paper an asterisk denotes an introduced (exotic) species as per Carr 2012) have been invoked as the major species of concern. Even though the weed flora of southern Australia is derived largely from agriculture and horticulture, neither of which include

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6

Borger, Catherine P. D., Abul Hashem, and Shahab Pathan. "Manipulating Crop Row Orientation to Suppress Weeds and Increase Crop Yield." Weed Science 58, no. 2 (June 2010): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-09-094.1.

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Crop rows oriented at a right angle to sunlight direction (i.e., east–west within the winter cropping system in Western Australia) may suppress weed growth through greater shading of weeds in the interrow spaces. This was investigated in the districts of Merredin and Beverley, Western Australian (latitudes of 31° and 32°S) from 2002 to 2005 (four trials). Winter grain crops (wheat, barley, canola, lupines, and field peas) were sown in an east–west or north–south orientation. Within wheat and barley crops oriented east–west, weed biomass (averaged throughout all trials) was reduced by 51 and 37

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7

Lemerle, D., B. Verbeek, and S. Diffey. "Influences of field pea (Pisum sativum) density on grain yield and competitiveness with annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 11 (2006): 1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04233.

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The variation in field pea grain yield and competitiveness with annual ryegrass due to crop density, row spacing and cultivar was determined to enable farmers to better manage weeds with cultural control tactics. Crop density varied with seeding rate, cultivar, row spacing and year. Higher seeding rates were required to reach equivalent plant densities in cv. Dinkum (short, semi-leafless) compared with cv. Dundale (tall, conventional-leaf), and at 36 cm compared with 18 cm row spacing. Field pea grain yield was reduced more at low crop densities, in Dinkum, at 36 cm row spacing, and in the pre

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8

Walker, S. R., I. N. Taylor, G. Milne, V. A. Osten, Z. Hoque, and R. J. Farquharson. "A survey of management and economic impact of weeds in dryland cotton cropping systems of subtropical Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 1 (2005): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03189.

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In dryland cotton cropping systems, the main weeds and effectiveness of management practices were identified, and the economic impact of weeds was estimated using information collected in a postal and a field survey of Southern Queensland and northern New South Wales. Forty-eight completed questionnaires were returned, and 32 paddocks were monitored in early and late summer for weed species and density. The main problem weeds were bladder ketmia (Hibiscus trionum), common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus), barnyard grasses (Echinochloa spp.), liverseed grass (Urochloa panicoides) and black bindwe

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9

Michael, Pippa J., Catherine P. Borger, William J. Macleod, and Pip L. Payne. "Occurrence of Summer Fallow Weeds within the Grain Belt Region of Southwestern Australia." Weed Technology 24, no. 4 (December 2010): 562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-09-00060.1.

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Field surveys were conducted on 319 sites of the Western Australian grain belt in 2006 to determine the occurrence and distribution of summer fallow weed species. Sites were located across five growing season regions (north, north central, central, south central, and south) and three annual rainfall zones (high, medium, and low). A total of 51 species (or species groups) from 18 families were identified, with the large majority of species (35%) belonging to the Poaceae family. The most prevalent species found, being present at more than 10% of all sites, were wheat, “melons” (weedy watermelon

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10

Manalil, Sudheesh, Jeff Werth, Rod Jackson, Bhagirath Singh Chauhan, and Christopher Preston. "An assessment of weed flora 14 years after the introduction of glyphosate-tolerant cotton in Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 68, no. 8 (2017): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17116.

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Glyphosate-tolerant (GT) cotton offers a multitude of benefits such as broad-spectrum and cost-effective weed control, simple weed management, and reduced impact on the environment. However, high adoption rates of GT cotton have led to overreliance on glyphosate in weed management and have decreased the use of other herbicide options and non-chemical weed-management strategies, possibly leading to the emergence of many resistant weeds. Previous surveys in 2006 and 2011 in the cotton-growing regions of New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland, Australia, indicated changes in weed populations over t

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11

Scott, J. K., and P. B. Yeoh. "Bionomics and the predicted distribution of the aphid Brachycaudus rumexicolens (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 89, no. 1 (January 1999): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485399000127.

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AbstractDevelopment rates of the aphid, Brachycaudus rumexicolens (Patch), a recent arrival in Australia and a potential biological control agent against weeds in the family Polygonaceae, were measured over a range of constant temperatures. The theoretical lower limit for development is 6.4°C and the upper limit 32°C. Maximum fecundity per day was reached at 19°C. The rate of increase peaked at about 28°C giving a population doubling time of less than two days. These values were used with the current distribution to develop a CLIMEX model to predict the potential world distribution of the aphi

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12

Leys, AR, RL Amor, AG Barnett, and B. Plater. "Evaluation of herbicides for control of summer-growing weeds on fallows in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 2 (1990): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900271.

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Eighteen herbicides or herbicide tankmixes were evaluated over 3 years (1987-89) for their control of 11 important summer-growing weeds on fallows in southern New South Wales and the Wimmera area of Victoria. Each of the weeds was effectively controlled by at least 1 herbicide. The tank-mixes of glyphosate plus metsulfuron (270 + 4.2 g a.i./ha) and glyphosate plus 2,4-D ester (270 + 320 g a.i./ha) were the most effective treatments, each giving an average of 68% control of all species. Hogweed (Polygolzunz avicu1ar.e L.), prickly paddy melon (Cucumis myriocarpris Naudin), spear thistle [Cirsiu

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13

Ajamian, Chad, Hsing-Chung Chang, Kerrie Tomkins, William Farebrother, Rene Heim, and Shahriar Rahman. "Identifying Invasive Weed Species in Alpine Vegetation Communities Based on Spectral Profiles." Geomatics 1, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geomatics1020011.

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This study examined the use of hyperspectral profiles for identifying three selected weed species in the alpine region of New South Wales, Australia. The targeted weeds included Orange Hawkweed, Mouse-ear Hawkweed and Ox-eye daisy, which have caused a great concern to regional biodiversity and health of the environment in Kosciuszko National Park. Field surveys using a spectroradiometer were undertaken to measure the hyperspectral profiles of leaves and flowers of the selected weeds and companion native plants. Random Forest (RF) classification was then applied to distinguish which spectral ba

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14

Rozefelds, A. C. F., L. Cave, D. I. Morris, and A. M. Buchanan. "The weed invasion in Tasmania since 1970." Australian Journal of Botany 47, no. 1 (1999): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt97054.

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Tasmanian Herbarium (HO) collections are shown to provide temporal and distributional data to monitor weed introductions into the State flora during the last 25 years. Information obtained from herbarium collections, the botanical literature, and anecdotal sources indicates that since 1970, 159 new plant taxa have been recorded as naturalised in Tasmania, bringing to a total over 740 weed species recorded from the State. Most of these species are from the families Poaceae (15.1%), Fabaceae (10.1%), Asteraceae (6.9%), Cyperaceae (5.7%), Rosaceae s.l. (5.0%), Caryophyllaceae and Liliaceae s.l. (

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15

Metcalf, William (Bill). "The Fall and Rise of an Antipodean Utopia: Brisbane, Australia." Utopian Studies 19, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20719899.

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Abstract This article describes and discusses a late-nineteenth century utopian text, The Curse and Its Cure, set in the city of Brisbane, capital of the state of Queensland, Australia. The first half of this book by Dr. Thomas Pennington Lucas posits how Brisbane was utterly destroyed in the early twentieth century so that by the time at which the story is set—in the year 2000—little remains of the abandoned city except scattered ruins overrun with weeds and vermin. In the second half, Lucas postulates how, by the year 2200, Brisbane had become the New Jerusalem in the South Pacific, a true U

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16

Metcalf, William (Bill). "The Fall and Rise of an Antipodean Utopia: Brisbane, Australia." Utopian Studies 19, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/utopianstudies.19.2.0189.

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Abstract This article describes and discusses a late-nineteenth century utopian text, The Curse and Its Cure, set in the city of Brisbane, capital of the state of Queensland, Australia. The first half of this book by Dr. Thomas Pennington Lucas posits how Brisbane was utterly destroyed in the early twentieth century so that by the time at which the story is set—in the year 2000—little remains of the abandoned city except scattered ruins overrun with weeds and vermin. In the second half, Lucas postulates how, by the year 2200, Brisbane had become the New Jerusalem in the South Pacific, a true U

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17

Seymour, M. "Narbon bean (Vicia narbonensis) agronomy in south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 10 (2006): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04091.

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Narbon bean (Vicia narbonensis L.) shows promise as a fodder, green manure and grain crop in south-western Australia. This study examines the effect of time of sowing (2 experiments), plant density (3 experiments) and reaction to herbicides (4 experiments on tolerance to herbicides and 1 experiment on removing narbon bean from a wheat crop) in 10 separate field experiments sown at 4 locations in the mallee region of Western Australia from 1998 to 2001. Narbon bean was found to be unresponsive to changes in sowing date with yield maintained until the first week of June. The optimum plant densit

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18

Taylor, AJ. "Influence of weed competition on autumn-sown lucerne in south-eastern Australia and the field comparison of herbicides and mowing for weed control." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 6 (1987): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870825.

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A field experiment in autumn-sown lucerne was conducted at Tatura to quantify the growth of winter weeds and the effects of weeds on lucerne seedling establishment, plant densities and hay production over the first year of cutting. In addition, mowing treatments and a range of herbicides were evaluated with respect to weed control. Weed growth rates in spring of up to 114 kg ha-l day-1 DM and high yields of annual winter weeds excluded lucerne (Medicago sativa L. cv. Delkalb 167) almost entirely from the first hay cut and significantly reduced seedling vigour and plant densities. The unsprayed

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19

Osten, V. A., S. R. Walker, A. Storrie, M. Widderick, P. Moylan, G. R. Robinson, and K. Galea. "Survey of weed flora and management relative to cropping practices in the north-eastern grain region of Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 1 (2007): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05141.

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The main weeds and weed management practices undertaken in broad acre dryland cropping areas of north-eastern Australia have been identified. The information was collected in a comprehensive postal survey of both growers and agronomists from Dubbo in New South Wales (NSW) through to Clermont in central Queensland, where 237 surveys were returned. A very diverse weed flora of 105 weeds from 91 genera was identified for the three cropping zones within the region (central Queensland, southern Queensland and northern NSW). Twenty-three weeds were common to all cropping zones. The major common weed

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20

E. Twigg, Laurie, Tim J. Lowe, and Gary R. Martin. "The presence and implications of viable seed in the faeces of invasive free-ranging European Rabbits and Red Foxes." Pacific Conservation Biology 15, no. 3 (2009): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc090158.

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Invasion by weeds and other undesirable plants threatens global biodiversity. However, the role of mammals in maintaining and spreading weeds is often overlooked. Here we confirm that two widely distributed and abundant Australian mammalian pests, the European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), can spread viable seed. Our assessment mainly involved determining the number and viability of seeds recovered from faeces of free-ranging individuals inhabiting several areas within the Mediterranean region of south-western Australia, an internationally recognized biodivers

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21

Chejara, Vinod K., Paul Kristiansen, R. D. B. (Wal) Whalley, Brian M. Sindel, and Christopher Nadolny. "The role of seedbanks in invasions by Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf in Australia." Rangeland Journal 41, no. 5 (2019): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj19039.

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Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf (also known as Coolatai grass, South African bluestem or thatching grass) has become a serious invasive weed in Australia. Within its native range, it is generally regarded as a useful grass particularly for thatching, and seed production is low with a low soil seed bank of from 2 to 200seedsm–2. Several hundred accessions of H. hirta were deliberately introduced into Australia up until the 1980s and nearly all were discarded because of poor seed production. However, at least one introduction in the 1890s in northern New South Wales (NSW), Australia, has possibly c

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22

Robinson, D. E., J. T. O’Donovan, M. P. Sharma, D. J. Doohan, and R. Figueroa. "The biology of Canadian weeds. 123. Senecio vulgaris L." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 629–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-124.

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Senecio vulgaris L. is a native of Eurasia, and has been introduced to and become naturalized in North America, South America, Africa and Australia. In Canada, it is found in all provinces and the Northwest and Yukon Territo ries. High fecundity, rapid wind dispersal, continuous germination under a wide range of growing conditions, rapid growth rate, ability to set seed a number of times per growing season and lack of chemical control options has made this species an importan t weed of some horticultural crops. This species produces pyrrolizidine alkaloids that have been implicated as a cause

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23

Owen, Mechelle J., Neree J. Martinez, and Stephen B. Powles. "Herbicide resistance in Bromus and Hordeum spp. in the Western Australian grain belt." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 5 (2015): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14293.

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Random surveys conducted in the Western Australian (WA) grain belt have shown that herbicide-resistant Lolium rigidum and Raphanus raphanistrum are a widespread problem across the cropping region. In 2010, a random survey was conducted to establish the levels of herbicide resistance for common weed species in crop fields, including the minor but emerging weeds Bromus and Hordeum spp. This is the first random survey in WA to establish the frequency of herbicide resistance in these species. For the annual grass weed Bromus, 91 populations were collected, indicating that this species was present

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Peterson, David J., and Raj Prasad. "The biology of Canadian weeds. 109. Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-079.

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Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius [L.] Link.) is an exotic perennial, leguminous, deciduous shrub, which during the past century has greatly expanded its range along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America, and in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Chile, Iran, and India. This shrub rapidly invades disturbed areas, forming dense thickets, which can suppress and inhibit native vegetation, including economically important conifer seedlings. The developmental characteristics whereby Scotch broom invades new sites include specialized stem photosynthesis, prolific seed production, longevi

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Freeman, Angela Joan, and Mohammad Aftab. "Effective management of viruses in pulse crops in south eastern Australia should include management of weeds." Australasian Plant Pathology 40, no. 4 (June 1, 2011): 430–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13313-011-0058-6.

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26

Campbell, MH. "Extending the frontiers of aerially sown pastures in temperate Australia: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 1 (1992): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920137.

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Over the past 40 years large areas of pastures on hill country in temperate Australia have been improved through aerial distribution of herbicides, pesticides, seed, and fertiliser, which has increased animal production and helped to control weeds. Refinements detailed in this review could extend the use of these techniques to promote sustainable systems by the establishment of perennial pasture species on unploughed land. It is argued that the most urgent requirement is ensuring that aerial spraying is not abolished by government regulation in response to demands by specialist groups, because

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27

Adair, R. J., and J. K. Scott. "Distribution, life history and host specificity of Chrysolina picturata and Chrysolina sp. B (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), two biological control agents for Chrysanthemoides monilifera (Compositae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 87, no. 4 (August 1997): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300037354.

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AbstractThe southern African shrubs Chrysanthemoides monilifera monilifera and C. m. rotundata (Compositae) are serious weeds of native vegetation in Australia and are targets for classical biological control. In host specificity tests using 69 species from 25 families, two leaf-feeding chrysomelid beetles, Chrysolina picturata (Clark) and Chrysolina sp. B, were able to complete development on only Chrysanthemoides monilifera and C. incana. The subspecies Chrysanthemoides m. monilifera was the superior host for both Chrysolina picturata and Chrysolina sp. B. Feeding and limited development of

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28

Nitschke, Monika, David Simon, Keith Dear, Kamalesh Venugopal, Hubertus Jersmann, and Katrina Lyne. "Pollen Exposure and Cardiopulmonary Health Impacts in Adelaide, South Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 9093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159093.

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(1) Background: Limited research has suggested that cardiopulmonary health outcomes should be considered in relation to pollen exposure. This study sets out to test the relationship between pollen types (grasses, trees, weeds) and cardiovascular, lower respiratory and COPD health outcomes using 15 years (2003–2017) of data gathered in Adelaide, South Australia; (2) Methods: A time-series analysis by months was conducted using cardiopulmonary data from hospital admissions, emergency presentations and ambulance callouts in relation to daily pollen concentrations in children (0–17) for lower resp

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29

Zona, Scott. "The correct gender of Schinus (Anacardiaceae)." Phytotaxa 222, no. 1 (August 7, 2015): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.222.1.9.

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Species of the genus Schinus Linnaeus (1753) (Anacardiaceae) are native to the Americas but are found in many tropical and subtropical parts of the world, where they are cultivated as ornamentals or crops (“pink peppercorns”) or they are invasive weeds. Schinus molle L. (1753: 388) is a cultivated ornamental tree in Australia, California, Mexico, the Canary Islands, the Mediterranean, and elsewhere (US Forest Service 2015). In Hawaii, Florida, South Africa, Mascarene Islands, and Australia, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (1820: 399) is an aggressively invasive pest plant, costing governments mi

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Latham, L. J., L. J. Smith, and R. A. C. Jones. "Incidence of three viruses in vegetable brassica plantings and associated wild radish weeds in south-west Australia." Australasian Plant Pathology 32, no. 3 (2003): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap03031.

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Harries, Martin, Ken C. Flower, Craig A. Scanlan, Michael T. Rose, and Michael Renton. "Interactions between crop sequences, weed populations and herbicide use in Western Australian broadacre farms: findings of a six-year survey." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 5 (2020): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19509.

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Six years of survey data taken from 184 paddocks spanning 14 million ha of land used for crop and pasture production in south-west Western Australia were used to assess weed populations, herbicide resistance, integrated weed management (IWM) actions and herbicide use patterns in a dryland agricultural system. Key findings were that weed density within crops was low, with 72% of cropping paddocks containing fewer than 10 grass weeds/m2 at anthesis. Weed density and herbicide resistance were not correlated, despite the most abundant grass weed species (annual ryegrass, Lolium rigidum Gaudin) tes

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Black, ID, CB Dyson, and AR Fischle. "Applications of the herbicide sethoxydim increase wheat yield in the absence of weeds." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 5 (1996): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960555.

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In 11 experiments over 6 seasons the herbicide sethoxydim was applied to Machete, Spear and Blade wheat cultivars in the absence or near absence of weeds (10 sites) or where the weeds were controlled by selective herbicides (1 site), in the cropping area north of Adelaide, South Australia. The rates applied included 9-47 g a.i./ha at the 2-3 leaf growth stage and 9-74 g a.i./ha at early tillering. Except for the very long growing season of 1992, there was a highly significant positive linear correlation between the number of degree days in the growing season at each experimental site and relat

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Pérez-Fernández, María A., Byron B. Lamont, Anjanette L. Marwick, and Wesley G. Lamont. "Germination of seven exotic weeds and seven native speciesin south-western Australia under steady and fluctuating water supply." Acta Oecologica 21, no. 6 (November 2000): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1146-609x(00)01084-5.

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34

Cooke, JW. "Effect of fallowing practices on runoff and soil erosion in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 3 (1985): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850628.

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The effect on runoff and soil loss of four methods of preparation of fallow was investigated at each of three sites in north-central Victoria. There was a chemical fallow treatment (uncultivated) and three scarified treatments (smooth, medium and rough cultivation). When the results from the three sites were combined, there was 10.7 mm runoff from the uncultivated treatment, 5.1 mm from the smooth, 0.8 mm from the medium and 0.3 mm from the rough scarified treatments. Soil loss from the uncultivated treatment was 103 g/m2 compared with 87 g/m2 from the smooth, 22 g/m2 from the medium and 13 g/

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SPICER, K. W., and P. M. CATLING. "THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 88. Elodea canadensis Michx." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 1035–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-125.

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A review is provided of information on the biology of elodea (Elodea canadensis Michx.). This submersed aquatic develops dense beds that impede water traffic and restrict water-based recreation in the southern portions of Quebec, Ontario, in British Columbia and Alberta. In some regions the dense beds decrease the efficiency of irrigated agriculture. Native to North America, elodea has recently spread to other parts of the world including Europe, Asia, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Elodea is beneficial in providing food and cover for insects and other small aquatic organisms, and co

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Rew, L. J., R. W. Medd, R. Van de Ven, J. J. Gavin, G. R. Robinson, M. Tuitee, J. Barnes, and S. Walker. "Weed species richness, density and relative abundance on farms in the subtropical grain region of Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 6 (2005): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03273.

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Weed management is one of the most important economic and agronomic issues facing farmers in Australia’s grain regions. Weed species occurrence and abundance was monitored between 1997 and 2000 on 46 paddocks (sites) across 18 commercial farms located in the Northern Grain Region. The sites generally fell within 4 disjunct regions, from south to north: Liverpool Plains, Moree, Goondiwindi and Kingaroy. While high species richness was found (139 species or species groups), only 8 species occurred in all 4 regions and many (56 species) only occurred at 1 site or region. No species were observed

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Braschkat, J., and P. J. Randall. "Excess cation concentrations in shoots and roots of pasture species of importance in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 9 (2004): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02078.

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Excess cation concentrations (total cations – total inorganic anions) are reported for roots and shoots of 16 plant species of importance in pastures in south-eastern Australia. This information is required for the calculation of acidification in grazed pasture systems. The excess cation concentrations for shoots at flowering were [cmol(+)/kg]: perennial grasses — Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) 50, Phalaris aquatic (phalaris) 51, Danthonia richardsonii (wallaby grass) 30, Dactylus glomerata (cocksfoot) 62, Holcus lanatus (Fog grass) 60; annual grasses — Lolium rigidum 29, Vulpia bromoides

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Ruttledge, Annemieke, Ralph D. B. Whalley, Gregory Falzon, David Backhouse, and Brian M. Sindel. "The role of soil temperature and seed dormancy in the creation and maintenance of persistent seed banks of Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock) on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 42, no. 2 (2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj20008.

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A large and persistent soil seed bank characterises many important grass weeds, including Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. (serrated tussock), a major weed in Australia and other countries. In the present study we examined the effects of constant and alternating temperatures in regulating primary and secondary dormancy and the creation and maintenance of its soil seed bank in northern NSW, Australia. One-month-old seeds were stored at 4, 25°C, 40/10°C and 40°C, in a laboratory, and germination tests were conducted every two weeks. Few seeds germinated following storage at 4°C, comp

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Schwinghamer, M. W., J. E. Thomas, M. A. Schilg, J. N. Parry, E. K. Dann, K. J. Moore, and S. G. Kumari. "Mastreviruses in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and other dicotyledonous crops and weeds in Queensland and northern New South Wales, Australia." Australasian Plant Pathology 39, no. 6 (2010): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap10032.

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Warwick, Suzanne I., and Ardath Francis. "The biology of Canadian weeds. 132. Raphanus raphanistrum L." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 709–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-120.

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A review of biological information is provided for Raphanus raphanistrum L. Native to the Mediterranean region, the species is widely introduced and naturalized in temperate regions around the world. In Canada, it currently occurs in all provinces except Saskatchewan and Manitoba, has only a limited distribution in Alberta, and is also absent from the Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. It is most abundant in the Atlantic and Pacific regions and is an important weed of field crops in the Maritime provinces and Quebec. A persistent seed bank, competitive annual growth habit and high f

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Hunt, James R. "Winter wheat cultivars in Australian farming systems: a review." Crop and Pasture Science 68, no. 6 (2017): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17173.

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Winter wheat cultivars are defined as those that have an obligate vernalisation requirement that must be met before they will progress from the vegetative to reproductive phase of development i.e. they must experience a true winter before they will flower. Historically, very little breeding effort has been applied to the selection of winter cultivars suited to southern Australia, with the notable exception of the New South Wales Agriculture breeding program based in Wagga and Temora that ran from the 1960s until 2002. A shift by growers to earlier sowing, increased usage of dual-purpose cereal

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Reid, Nick. "Conserving Biodiversity: Threats and Solutions." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 2 (1997): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970166.

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This book records the proceedings of a similarly titled conference organized by the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service in June 1993. According to the editors, the book is a "systematic attempt . . . to cover the current and future threats to biodiversity" in New South Wales and Australia, and "highlights the range of solutions needed to conserve biodiversity". The book contains 35 chapters structured in seven sections (conserving biodiversity, habitat loss, degradation and pollution of water resources, weeds and feral animals, commercial use of native biota, changes to fire re

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Davidson, Bill, Tony Cook, and Bhagirath S. Chauhan. "Alternative Options to Glyphosate for Control of Large Echinochloa colona and Chloris virgata Plants in Cropping Fallows." Plants 8, no. 8 (July 24, 2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8080245.

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The over-reliance on the herbicide glyphosate for knockdown weed control in fallows under minimum and zero-till cropping systems has led to an increase in populations of glyphosate-resistant weeds. Echinochloa colona and Chloris virgata are two major grass weeds in the cropping regions of northern New South Wales and southern Queensland, Australia, that have become harder to kill due to a steady rise in the occurrence of glyphosate-resistant weed populations. Therefore, to help growers contain these hard to kill fallow weeds, an alternate approach to glyphosate application is needed. With this

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Brown, Sharon L., Nick Reid, Jackie Reid, Rhiannon Smith, R. D. B. (Wal) Whalley, and David Carr. "Topsoil removal and carbon addition for weed control and native grass recruitment in a temperate-derived grassland in northern New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 39, no. 4 (2017): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj17029.

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Restoring the grassy understorey to temperate woodlands in south-eastern Australia is often disregarded due to a poor understanding of the techniques involved. The natural recruitment of native grasses is uncommon in the remnants of some of these woodlands, so the restoration of the grass layer is often dependent on interventions to overcome restoration barriers. Soil enrichment from agricultural fertilisers favours the invasion of exotic broadleaf weeds and grasses, and is one of the primary barriers to the successful recruitment and establishment of native grasses, which dominated before agr

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Zahid, Mohammad, Michael Hodda, Geoff Gurr, William Fulkerson, Jackie Nobbs, Alexander Nikandrow, and Helen Nicol. "Effect of the clover root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne trifoliophila) on growth of white clover." Nematology 3, no. 5 (2001): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854101753250764.

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AbstractRoot-infecting nematodes are common on white clover (Trifolium repens) in dairy pastures on the north coast of New South Wales and southeastern Queensland, Australia, where they are thought to contribute to poor growth and persistence. The nematode responsible for causing root-knot symptoms on white clover was identified as Meloidogyne trifoliophila, a species not previously recorded from Australia. M. trifoliophila failed to reproduce on any of the standard North Carolina hosts used to identify M. javanica, M. hapla, M. arenaria and M. incognita , but caused severe galling and exhibit

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KNIHINICKI, DANUTA K., KATHRYN L. MCCARREN, and JOHN K. SCOTT. "A new species of Aceria (Acari: Eriophyidae) damaging sowthistles, Sonchus spp. (Asteraceae), in Australia with notes on Aceria sonchi (Nalepa, 1902)." Zootaxa 2119, no. 1 (May 27, 2009): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2119.1.2.

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A new species of eriophyoid mite from Australia is described and illustrated. Aceria thalgi sp. n. causes severe curling and rolling of leaves of common introduced sowthistle, Sonchus oleraceus L. It also affects introduced Sonchus asper (L.) Hill and native Sonchus hydrophilus Boulos. The native species may be the original host for this mite. Aceria thalgi sp. n. is shown to be a separate species to Aceria sonchi (Nalepa), which forms distinctive leaf galls on Sonchus spp. in southern Europe. English translations of past descriptions of A. sonchi are included for comparison. Historical observ

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Midgley, S. J., and J. W. Turnbull. "Domestication and use of Australian acacias: case studies of five important species." Australian Systematic Botany 16, no. 1 (2003): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb01038.

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Some Acacia species native to Australia and neighbouring countries are significant in the rural economy of many countries. Aspects of the domestication process and uses of A. mangium, A. crassicarpa, A. mearnsii, A.�saligna and A. colei are reviewed. Commercial plantations of A. mearnsii in tropical highlands and temperate areas provide high quality tannins for adhesives and leather making and wood for paper pulp, rayon, charcoal and small-utility timbers. Plantations of A. saligna in warm-temperate and semi-arid areas provide stock fodder, soil stabilisation, fuelwood and charcoal. In the hum

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Scott, John K., and Kathryn L. Batchelor. "Management of Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata in Western Australia." Invasive Plant Science and Management 7, no. 1 (March 2014): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-13-00052.1.

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AbstractOne of Australia's most serious weeds, Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata (bitou bush) was recently found for the first time in Western Australia as a well established population in Kwinana, a major port and industrial area south of Perth, the State's capital. This population is remote from other bitou bush infestations in Australia and had escaped detection despite extensive surveys in the same State for the other subspecies that is present in Australia, Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera (boneseed). The main reasons it went undetected are thought to be the tightl

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Duong, Thi Tam, Tom D. Brewer, Jo Luck, and Kerstin K. Zander. "Farmers’ assessment of plant biosecurity risk management strategies and influencing factors: A study of smallholder farmers in Australia." Outlook on Agriculture 48, no. 1 (February 13, 2019): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727019829754.

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Plant biosecurity threats such as pest, weeds and disease occurrences cause substantial economic damage to the agricultural sector, worldwide and in Australia. How smallholder farmers choose biosecurity management strategies remains poorly understood, particularly of smallholder cultural minority groups. In this study, we explore how Vietnamese smallholder farmers in Australia assess their biosecurity risk management strategies and the factors that explain their choice of different strategies. To do so, we conducted a survey of 101 Vietnamese farmers in the Northern Territory, South Australia

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Fleet, Benjamin, and Gurjeet Gill. "Seed Dormancy and Seedling Recruitment in Smooth Barley (Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum) Populations in Southern Australia." Weed Science 60, no. 3 (September 2012): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-11-00203.1.

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Weedy barley species have emerged as important weeds in southern Australia, where they can be particularly difficult to control in cereal crops. Knowledge of seed dormancy mechanisms, germination ecology, and recruitment behavior in the field would facilitate development of effective weed-control programs for these weed species. Based on somatic chromosome number, smooth barley was identified as the species infesting all the sites sampled in South Australia. Smooth barley populations from cropping fields and noncrop habitats showed large differences in their pattern of dormancy loss. Noncrop p

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