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1
Joiner, Carol. "Introduction to Library Research in Anthropology. John M. Weeks." Journal of Anthropological Research 54, no. 3 (October 1998): 425–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jar.54.3.3630663.
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Boule, Michelle, Karen Coombs, Amanda Etches-Johnson, Meredith Farkas, Ellyssa Kroski, and Dorothea Salo. "Five Weeks to a Social Library: Training underserved professional populations with social software." Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 44, no. 1 (October 24, 2008): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/meet.145044035.
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Kloda, Lorie A. "Skills Gained from University Library Instruction Sessions Are Perceived as Useful Four to Eight Weeks Later." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 2, no. 4 (December 7, 2007): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8w60w.
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Objective – To assess the impact of a university library instruction program.
Design – Survey questionnaire administered post-intervention.
Setting – A mid-size science and technology university in Hong Kong.
Subjects – Student and staff participants in either course specific or open (elective) library instruction workshops.
Methods – Surveys were conducted to measure the perceived effectiveness of the library instruction program, including various types of course specific (CS) and open workshops (OW). Librarians responsible for teaching nominated the sample of workshops for evaluation. Students in all but one CS workshop were provided with a 14-question paper questionnaire in class by their course instructor, while participants in all of the open workshops and one CS workshop received the same questionnaire via e-mail. The questionnaires were distributed between four to eight weeks following the workshops in order to gauge the “enduring” impact of the instruction. Most questions were closed, forcing participants to choose an answer from a list or select from a 4- or 7-point Likert scale. Comments were also solicited. Results were summarised and analysed using SPSS software. The CS and OW questionnaires were studied separately to allow for comparisons between groups.
Main results – Out of 133 workshops taught in the fall of 2004, 25 were included in the sample: 15 CS and 10 OW. The overall response rate was 68%, with 466 participants completing questionnaires. Most participants indicated that the workshops were useful for learning about sources and search methods for finding information quickly. The majority (72.2%) responded that they felt an increase in confidence when conducting library research and slightly more than half (57.9%) agreed the workshops led to an increased interest in using the library. The responses differed significantly for the CS and OW groups: OW participants consistently rated the usefulness of the workshops higher than CS participants. In regards to retention of skills, 68.5% of participants responded in the affirmative when asked of they had continued using the skills taught, with rates ranging from 56 to 83% depending on the workshop. There was little difference in perceived retention between the CS and OW groups. The skills most frequently identified as having been learned included the abilities to “form better search strategies” and “find better Internet resources.” Written feedback included remarks on reducing class size and length, and increasing practice time and the number of handouts.
Conclusion – A “delayed perception survey” revealed positive feedback from library workshop participants on questions about confidence, usefulness, and retention of skills learned. There was a significant difference in confidence levels reported between CS and OW groups, with OW participants reporting higher levels of confidence. The researchers surmise this might be a result of self-selection, as OW participants volunteered both to attend the library instruction workshops and to respond to the survey questionnaire. The short questionnaire is an efficient tool for assessing the perceived usefulness of library workshops for both course-integrated sessions and elective workshops.
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Lamøy, Liv Inger, and Astrid Kilvik. "May I Borrow a Stapler? Is This All Students Ask at the Service Desk in a University Library?" Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 16, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29883.
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Objective – The objective of the study is to increase the knowledge about what questions students ask at the library desk and what the purpose is of their use of the desk. Our focus has been on the physical meetings with the students. The aim is to contribute to the discussion on the future development of the library service desk. Methods – We recorded questions asked at the desks to explore how students use the library service desks. The recording, where library staff sorted questions into predefined categories, took place over four weeks between the years 2017–2018. Results – Our recording showed that 63% of the questions asked at the library service desks were about loan services, document delivery, and access to physical and electronic collections. Practical things such as opening hours, lost and found items, and the location of the group study rooms, accounted for 16% of questions. Questions about information technology (IT) made up 8% of questions. Finally, the results showed that 8% of the questions from the four weeks of counting were counselling and guidance questions, and 2% were about literature lists, reference management, and reference management tools. We found more questions about counselling and guidance in the spring weeks and more practical questions in the fall. We did not find any clear connection between the number of questions and the size of the branch libraries. Conclusion – By conducting this study, we have learned more about why students use the library desk. Our study shows that students come to the library desk to ask about a lot more than just borrowing staples. The results from the study will inform the development of the library desk service going forward.
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Levi, A., C. E. Thomas, A. Davis, O. U. K. Reddy, Y. Xu, X. Zhang, S. King, A. Hernandez, G. Gusmini, and T. Wehner. "DEVELOPING GENETIC LINKAGE MAP AND CDNA SUBTRACTION LIBRARY FOR WATERMELON." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 871e—872. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.871e.
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Genetic linkage map is being constructed for watermelon based on a testcross population and an F2 population. The testcross map comprises 262 markers (RAPD, ISSR, AFLP, SSR and ASRP markers) and covers 1,350 cM. The map comprises 11 large linkage groups (50.7–155.2 cM), 5 medium-size linkage groups (37.5–46.2 cM), and 16 small linkage groups (4.2–31.4 cM). Most AFLP markers are clustered on two linkage regions, while all other marker types are randomly dispersed on the genome. Many of the markers in this study are skewed from the classical (Mendelian) segregation ratio of1:1 in the testcross or the 3:1 ratio in the F2 population. Although the skewed segregation, marker order appeared to be consistent in linkage groups of the testcross and F2 population. A cDNA library was constructed using RNA isolated from watermelon flesh 1 week (rapid cell division stage), 2 weeks (cell growth and storage deposition stage, 4 weeks (maturation stage), and 5 weeks (postmaturation stage) post pollination. Over 1,020 cDNA clones were sequenced, and were analyzed using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). The sequenced cDNA clones were designated as expressed sequenced tag (EST) markers and will be used in mapping analysis of watermelon genome.
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Vogel, Melanie. "The new Rijksmuseum library: how a 21st-century research library became an exhibition room." Art Libraries Journal 39, no. 1 (2014): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200018149.
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The greatest art library in the Netherlands returned to its original rooms inside the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. How can this library with its own rich history serve the demands of a 21st-century user? What might be the appropriate measures to counter the struggles of the first weeks after the grand re-opening? After more than a decade of reconstruction and renovation the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam was reopened on 13 April 2013. The inside of the museum has been completely transformed and the building itself has been restored to its original splendour. The largest art research library in the Netherlands has become accessible to the general public, seven days a week from 10 am to 5 pm. More then 10,000 visitors a day are eager to explore the museum as well as its unique 19th-century reading room designed by P.J.H Cuypers. But how can the original concept be adapted to present day demands?
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Brown, Celia. "We just aim to print well: The University of Sydney Library Printer in Residence." Art Libraries Journal 46, no. 3 (June 22, 2021): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/alj.2021.11.
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At a time when space in any academic library is at a premium, when we sometimes need to argue for shelf space rather than computers and group work pods, the University of Sydney Library has decided not only to keep and maintain its nineteenth century printing press, but to feature it through a printer in residence program.Now in its third year, the program brings together a printmaker and a letterpress for eight weeks during semester. The intent is to engage with the library and its users, to bring the print workshop to life, to draw inspiration from the library's collection and to create a publication for the Artists’ Book Collection within Rare Books & Special Collections.In an era of instant layout, digital word processing and electronic publishing what does the slow and laborious process of letterpress printing bring to a twenty-first century academic library? This residency demonstrates that understanding the process of making a publication can be just as vital and alive as the content of that publication - one letter at a time.
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Morgan, Randa. "Supporting Student Wellness and Success through the LSU Libraries Relaxation Room." Journal of Library Outreach and Engagement 1, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.jloe.v1i1.469.
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As students are increasingly overwhelmed with stress and anxiety, especially during exam weeks, it is important for libraries to demonstrate their impact on student wellness and success. While traditionally libraries have been focused on the educational aspects of student growth, it is important that as students’ needs have grown, libraries grow as well. One way LSU Libraries is doing this is through the creation of a Relaxation Room during exam weeks. The room not only helps provide outreach and engagement to students but it also helps with alleviating library anxiety as well as encouraging the idea of library as a place for community. By focusing on student’s needs, the library positions itself to be a community center on campus and a leader in helping to develop well-rounded students.
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Ax-Fultz, Laura J., Barbara E. Eshbach, Evonne N. Loomis, and Richard C. Miller. "Take Five for Customer Service." Pennsylvania Libraries: Research & Practice 4, no. 1 (May 23, 2016): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/palrap.2016.123.
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Businesses leverage excellent customer service to improve profitability. Although not profit-driven, libraries should leverage excellent customer service to achieve their unique missions. Evaluating and improving customer service practices will help a library determine if it is successfully serving its customers. The library should review three areas to improve customer service: the physical space of the library, how library employees work with library policies, and the communication skills of the library staff. By using the Take Five model, the library can make immediate, no-cost changes or plan for future improvements by taking just five minutes, every day, to assess specific areas. Over a few weeks or months, these small changes will result in better customer service.
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"The 7th International Evidence Based Library and Information Practice Conference (EBLIP7) is Just Weeks Away!" Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 8, no. 2 (June 12, 2013): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8m89h.
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Levi, Amnon, C. E. Thomas, Angela Davis, O. U. K. Reddy, Y. Xu, X. Zhang, A. Hernandez, et al. "(259) A Genetic Linkage Map and a cDNA Library for Watermelon." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1089D—1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1089d.
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A genetic linkage map was constructed for watermelon based on a testcross population and an F2 population. The testcross map includes 312 markers (RAPD, ISSR, AFLP, SSR, and ASRP). This map covered a genetic distance of 1385 cM, and identified 11 large (50.7-155.2 cm), five intermediate (37.5-46.2 cm), and 16 small linkage groups (4.2-31.4 cm). Most AFLP markers are clustered in two linkage regions, while all other markers are randomly dispersed throughout the genome. Many of the markers in this study were skewed from the classical (Mendelian) segregation ratio of 1:1 in the testcross or 3:1 in the F2 population. The order of the markers within linkage groups was similar in the testcross and F2 populations. Additionally, a cDNA library was constructed using RNA isolated from watermelon flesh 1 week (rapid cell division stage), 2 weeks (cell growth and storage deposition stage), 4 weeks (maturation stage), and 5 weeks (mature fruit) after pollination. More than 1020 cDNA clones were sequenced, and analyzed using the basic local alignment search Tool (BLAST). The sequenced cDNA clones were designated as expressed sequenced tag (EST). The ESTs were searched for simple sequence repeats. About 7% of the ESTs contained SSR motifs. The ESTs containing SSRs are being used to design PCR primers and the putative markers are being tested for polymorphism among the parental lines of the mapping populations. Polymorphic markers will then be mapped using the mapping populations.
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Horton, Jennifer. "Continuing education and professional development of library staff involved with makerspaces." Library Hi Tech 37, no. 4 (November 18, 2019): 866–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-06-2018-0081.
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Purpose This paper reports the results of a survey of library staff members working with a library makerspace or with makerspace-related technologies. The purpose of this paper is to identify who is working with library makerspaces, what methods of training they have used, what training methods they prefer, and what topics they would like to see included in professional development and continuing education. Design/methodology/approach A 17-question survey was posted to two library makerspace-related listservs for two weeks. Findings The survey results found a varied array of job title of individuals working with library makerspaces. It also identified the preferred training methods, as well as the varied topics requested for professional development, showing a large need for a makerspace training in library staff. Originality/value This is the first study conducted about the preferred methods and topics of professional development and continuing education of library staff members working with makerspaces or makerspace-related technologies.
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Luft, Eric v. d. "Between Tradition and Automation in Special Collections: A Memoir." RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 16, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.16.2.445.
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Insofar as my career in libraries straddled the time when “scholar librarians” dominated special collections to the time when “techie librarians” had pretty much taken over, and as I was in the middle of this change at several institutions, I would like to offer a few observations on this radical transition in special collections librarianship.Early DaysMy first library job was in 1973 in the cataloging department of Bowdoin College. A few weeks after I started, this library entered the computer age by acquiring its first OCLC terminal. OCLC had been founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library . . .
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Sullo, Elaine. "First-Year Library Student Assistants Have Better Information Literacy Skills, and Demonstrate a Larger Increase in these Skills, Compared to Their First-Year Peers." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 10, no. 4 (December 13, 2015): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b89s3m.
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A Review of:
Folk, A. L. (2014). How well are we preparing them?: An assessment of first-year library student assistants’ information literacy skills. College & Undergraduate Libraries, 21(2), 177-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10691316.2013.829377
Objective – To examine the information literacy skills of first year library student assistants, in comparison to first year students who are not library assistants. Additionally, the study investigates whether information literacy skills of library student assistants increased more than those of the general student population during their first semester at college.
Design – Pretest/posttest.
Setting – Two regional campuses of a research university in the United States of America.
Subjects – First-year students, including library student assistants and students in the Freshman Seminar course. At one regional campus, 103 first-year students, including 5 library student assistants, completed the pretest. At the same campus, 75 first year students, including 5 library student assistants, completed the posttest. At the other campus, 30 first-year students, including 3 library student assistants, completed the pretest, and 26 first-year students, including 2 library student assistants, completed the posttest.
Methods – The researcher distributed a pretest and posttest that included demographic questions and 11 items related to information literacy to first-year students. The pretest was given within the first two weeks of the fall semester, before the students attended library instructional sessions. At one campus, the library student assistants took the pretest at the beginning of their first shift, while at the second campus, the library student assistants completed the pretest within the first two weeks of the semester. The posttest was given to participants within the last two weeks of classes during the fall semester.
Main Results – On the pretest, the library student assistant scores ranged from 6 to 10, out of a maximum of 11 points. For the posttest, these students had scores that ranged from 8 to 11. Both of these score ranges were higher than the mean score of the general first-year students.
The mean of the pretest scores of the general first-year students was 5.95 points out of 11 points with a mean score of 54.1%, while the mean of the pretest scores for the library student assistants was 8.13, or 73.9%. The mean of the posttest scores for the general first-year students was 7.29, or 66.3%, while the mean of the posttest scores for the library student assistants was 9.43, or 85.7%. No students earned a perfect score on the pretest. On the posttest, 29% of the library student assistants scored a perfect 11 points, while only 4% of the general first-year students earned a perfect score.
In comparing pretest to posttest scores, the general first-year students’ mean score increased 1.34 points, while the mean score of the library student assistants increased by 1.3 points. The library student assistants scored higher than the general first-year students on both the pretest and posttest; these numbers are statistically significant. The author reports that the increase in the mean scores from the pretest to the posttest for the library student assistants is not statistically significant. On the other hand, the increase of the mean scores from the pretest to the posttest for the general first-year students is statistically significant (p. 186).
Conclusions – The author concludes that the information literacy skills of first-year library student assistants are better than general first-year students. This information is valuable to librarians who wish to gauge how well they are doing in regards to teaching information literacy skills to library student assistants. Additionally, librarians can better understand how their instruction is contributing to the library student assistants’ educational experiences in general as well as their future as lifelong learners.
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Metcalf, Michael. "An Initial Evaluation of the NAG f90 Compiler." Scientific Programming 1, no. 1 (1992): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1992/638402.
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A few weeks before the formal publication of the ISO Fortran 90 Standard, NAG announced the world's first f90 compiler. We have evaluated the compiler by using it to assess the impact of Fortran 90 on the CERN Program Library.
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Lochstet, Gwenn, and Donna H. Lehman. "A Correlation Method for Collecting Reference Statistics." College & Research Libraries 60, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.60.1.45.
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While studying a sampling technique for collecting reference statistics, a correlation method for calculating reference statistics using weekly door counts also was tested at the University of South Carolina. Reference statistics and door counts taken on the sample weeks of the test year were correlated, and the resulting correlation coefficient between the two variables was used to calculate weekly reference statistics for the nonsampled weeks. The sum of these calculated weekly values and the actual values of the sampled weeks yielded a yearly total of reference transactions that is comparable to the yearly total determined by using the sampling technique. Thus, the correlation method may offer libraries an accurate and less time-consuming procedure for keeping reference statistics.
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Picot, Nicole. "Stage dans des Bibliotheques d’Art en Grande Bretagne organise par la BPI et le British Council." Art Libraries Journal 14, no. 1 (1989): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200006052.
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During October, 1987, Nicole Picot, arts librarian of the Bibliothèque Publique d’Information at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, worked at the National Art Library at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. She also visited several other British art libraries in order to gain a wider view. Her report is printed below. As part of the same arrangement, Gillian Varley from the National Art Library spent two weeks, in June, 1988, at the Bibliothèque Publique d’Information; her report, and extracts from the diary of her visit, are also published in this issue of the Arts Libraries Journal.
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Chevillard, Florent, Silvia Stotani, Anna Karawajczyk, Stanimira Hristeva, Els Pardon, Jan Steyaert, Dimitrios Tzalis, and Peter Kolb. "Interrogating dense ligand chemical space with a forward-synthetic library." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 23 (May 21, 2019): 11496–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818718116.
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Forward-synthetic databases are an efficient way to enumerate chemical space. We explored here whether these databases are good sources of novel protein ligands and how many molecules are obtainable and in which time frame. Based on docking calculations, series of molecules were selected to gain insights into the ligand structure–activity relationship. To evaluate the novelty of compounds in a challenging way, we chose the β2-adrenergic receptor, for which a large number of ligands is already known. Finding dissimilar ligands is thus the exception rather than the rule. Here we report on the results, the successful synthesis of 127/240 molecules in just 2 weeks, the discovery of previously unreported dissimilar ligands of the β2-adrenergic receptor, and the optimization of one series to a KD of 519 nM in only one round. Moreover, the finding that only 3 of 240 molecules had ever been synthesized before indicates that large parts of chemical space are unexplored.
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Dillalogue, Eric, and Michael Koehn. "Assessment on a Dime: Low Cost User Data Collection for Assessment." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 15, no. 3 (September 15, 2020): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29582.
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Abstract Objective – This article describes the construction and use of a low cost tool for capturing user demographics in a physical library. Methods – At the Health Sciences Library of Columbia University Irving Medical Center, we created the Tap In/Tap Out tool to learn about the demographic details of our library visitors, such as their status, school affiliation, and department. The Tap In/Tap Out tool was implemented twice for two weeks in 2013 and 2017, with users voluntarily tapping their campus ID when entering and leaving the library. We checked campus ID numbers against university databases to fill in demographic details of the library users. Results – We constructed the Tap In/Tap Out tool using a Raspberry Pi and RFID card readers mounted on a foam board poster and placed near the library entrance. Participation in the Tap In/Tap Out tool ranged from 5-7% of the library gate count numbers during the survey periods. Though low, this participation provided a useful indication of user demographics that helped to strengthen library discussions with university administration. The 2013 survey results, which showed that the library space was actively used by students from all the constituent Medical Center schools, were used to support funding justifications. The 2017 survey results, which showed continued library usage, were used to illustrate the value of the library to the Medical Center community. Conclusion – The Tap In/Tap Out tool was inexpensive to implement and provided more information about library visitors than gate counts alone. Findings from the Tap In/Tap Out results were used to demonstrate library usage and justify funding. We describe how other libraries might create and implement the tool to capture greater levels of detail about the users visiting their spaces.
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MacArthur, Ryan, William Leister, Henrike Veith, Paul Shinn, Noel Southall, Christopher P. Austin, James Inglese, and Douglas S. Auld. "Monitoring Compound Integrity With Cytochrome P450 Assays and qHTS." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 14, no. 5 (May 29, 2009): 538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057109336954.
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The authors describe how room temperature storage of a 1120-member compound library prepared in either DMSO or in a hydrated-DMSO/water (67/33) mixture affects the reproducibility of potency values as monitored using cytochrome P450 1A2 and 2D6 isozyme assays. The bioluminescent assays showed Z′ factors of 0.71 and 0.62, with 17% and 32% of the library found as active against the CYP 1A2 and 2D6 isozymes, respectively. The authors tested the library using quantitative high-throughput screening to generate potency values for every library member, which was measured at 7 time intervals spanning 37 weeks. They calculated the minimum significant ratio (MSR) from these potency values at each time interval and found that for the library stored in DMSO, the CYP 1A2 and 2D6 assay MSRs progressed from approximately 2.0 to 5.0. The hydrated conditions showed similar performance in both MSR progression and analytical quality control results. Based on this study, the authors recommend that DMSO samples be stored in 1536-well plates for <4 months at room temperature. Furthermore, the study illustrates the degree and time scale of apparent compound potency changes due to sample storage. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2009:538-546)
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Wagner, Robin. "What Munn Missed: The Queensland Schools of Arts." Queensland Review 20, no. 2 (October 30, 2013): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2013.20.
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American Librarian Ralph Munn's historic tour of Australian libraries in 1934 is well documented. Along with Ernest Pitt, Chief Librarian of the State Library of Victoria, he spent nearly ten weeks travelling from Sydney and back again, visiting libraries in all the state capitals and many regional towns throughout the country. Munn's trip was funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York, which was then, through its Dominions fund, turning attention to philanthropic opportunities in the Antipodes. The resulting report, Australian Libraries: A Survey of Conditions and Suggestions for their Improvement (commonly referred to as the Munn–Pitt Report) is often credited with initiating the public library movement in Australia.
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Murray, E. B. "A Suspect Title-page of Shelley's "History of a Six Weeks' Tour"." Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 83, no. 2 (June 1989): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/pbsa.83.2.24303717.
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Palangngan, Sukmawati Tono, Haryanto Atmowardoyo, and Sukardi Weda. "English Listening Lesson Library Online (ELLLO) as a Supporting Media in Learning Listening." ELT Worldwide: Journal of English Language Teaching 3, no. 1 (May 12, 2016): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/eltww.v3i1.1880.
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This research aims to find out: (1) whether the use of English Listening Lesson Library Online (ELLLO) affects the students’ Listening comprehension achievement and (2) students’ perception tow Engish Listening Lesson Library Online (ELLLLO). This research employed Quan-Qual method with a type of quasi-experimental design namely regression discontinuity design. The population was the second year students of SMAN 3 Palopo which consisting of nine classes in 2014/2015 academic year. The total number of population was 270 students. This research used the combination of random sampling and nonrandom sampling technique, random sampling to decide the sample of the quantitative analysis and nonrandom sampling to decide the qualitative analysis. The data were collected by two instruments namely a listening test and interview. The description of data collected through the listening comprehension test showed that ELLLO (English Listening Lesson Library Online) is significantly affecting the students listening comprehension. All students agree that English listening Lesson Library Online (ELLLO) is a good supporting media since they have used it for about six weeks and their favourite activity is game activities. Keywords: effect, ELLLO, listening
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Kang, Jiwon, and GyeongAe Seomun. "Evaluating Web-Based Nursing Education’s Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Western Journal of Nursing Research 40, no. 11 (September 6, 2017): 1677–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945917729160.
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This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated whether using web-based nursing educational programs increases a participant’s knowledge and clinical performance. We performed a meta-analysis of studies published between January 2000 and July 2016 and identified through RISS, CINAHL, ProQuest Central, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and PubMed. Eleven studies were eligible for inclusion in this analysis. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated significant differences not only for the overall effect but also specifically for blended programs and short (2 weeks or 4 weeks) intervention periods. To present more evidence supporting the effectiveness of web-based nursing educational programs, further research is warranted.
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VILLA-MANCERA, A., H. QUIROZ-ROMERO, D. CORREA, F. IBARRA, M. REYES-PÉREZ, H. REYES-VIVAS, G. LÓPEZ-VELÁZQUEZ, K. GAZARIAN, T. GAZARIAN, and R. A. ALONSO. "Induction of immunity in sheep toFasciola hepaticawith mimotopes of cathepsin L selected from a phage display library." Parasitology 135, no. 12 (September 24, 2008): 1437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200800471x.
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SUMMARYAn M13 phage random 12-mers peptide library was used to screen cathepsin L mimotopes ofFasciola hepaticaand to evaluate their immunogenicity in sheep. Seven clones showed positive reactivity to a rabbit anti-cathepsin L1/L2 antiserum in ELISA, and their amino acid sequences deduced by DNA sequencing were tentatively mapped on the protein. Twenty sheep were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 5 animals each, for immunization with 1×1014phage particles of clones 1, 20, a mixture of 7 clones and PBS, without adjuvant at the beginning, and 4 weeks later. All groups were challenged with 300 metacercariae at week 6 and slaughtered 16 weeks later. The mean worm burdens after challenge were reduced by 47·61% and 33·91% in sheep vaccinated with clones 1 and 20, respectively; no effect was observed in animals inoculated with the clone mixture. Also, a significant reduction in worm size and burden was observed for those sheep immunized with clone 1. Animals receiving clone 20, showed a significant reduction in egg output. Immunization induced a reduction of egg viability ranging from 58·92 to 82·11%. Furthermore, vaccinated animals produced clone-specific antibodies which were boosted after challenge with metacercariae ofF. hepatica.
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Stevenson, Valerie. "FBI in your Library? The USA PATRIOT Act and its Implications for Libraries." Legal Information Management 3, no. 2 (2003): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669600001791.
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The title of the legislation commonly referred to as the USA PATRIOT Act is in fact an acronym: the full name of this 342-page act is the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act, passed on 26 October 2001. It amends more than 15 federal statutes covering criminal procedure, computer fraud and abuse, foreign intelligence, wiretapping and the privacy of student records. The USA PATRIOT legislation was introduced by Attorney-General John Ashcroft who sought to increase the powers to fight terrorism following the September 11 attacks on New York and Washington DC. Some concern was expressed at the lack of public debate when the legislation was introduced: the Act was passed in around six weeks.
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Huang, Jing, Shuyuan Xiong, Shenglan Ding, Qingfeng Cheng, and Zhiping Liu. "Safety of Ertugliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled with Conventional Therapy at Different Periods: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." Journal of Diabetes Research 2020 (December 13, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9704659.
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Aims. To assess the safety of ertugliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with conventional therapy at different periods. Methods. We searched PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library from inception to September 23, 2020. A total of six studies involving 4120 patients were included. Results. Compared with the control group, 15 mg and 5 mg of ertugliflozin were associated with higher risks of genital mycotic infections (GMIs) at 26 weeks ( p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001 , respectively), 52 weeks ( p < 0.00001 and p < 0.0001 , respectively), and 104 weeks ( p < 0.00001 and p < 0.0001 , respectively). Moreover, females had a higher risk of GMIs than males in the 15 mg group at 26 weeks ( p = 0.0008 ), 52 weeks ( p < 0.0001 ), and 104 weeks ( p = 0.02 ). At 104 weeks, 15 mg and 5 mg of ertugliflozin showed beneficial effects on symptomatic hypoglycemia ( p < 0.00001 and p = 0.004 , respectively) compared with the effects observed in the control group. Compared with the control group, 15 mg and 5 mg of ertugliflozin were associated with higher risks of drug-related adverse events at 26 weeks ( p = 0.002 and p = 0.002 , respectively); 15 mg of ertugliflozin was associated with a higher risk of discontinuation related to adverse events at 104 weeks ( p = 0.03 ). No significant differences were found in the remaining safety outcomes. Conclusion. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials indicates that ertugliflozin is tolerated by T2DM, but the risk of GMIs is noteworthy, especially among females in the high-dose group.
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Oyelude, Adetoun A. "What’s trending in libraries from the internet cybersphere – alternate technology use – 03 – 2016." Library Hi Tech News 33, no. 10 (November 7, 2016): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhtn-11-2016-0056.
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Purpose This last edition of the column begins with the disadvantages of sleeping in the library and ends with 60-year-old overdue loans, but in between are alternate ways of using different technology to access information! Design/methodology/approach Sleeping in the library is trending on the internet, not because it is a nice pastime, but because it is one of the most viral trends of the year. Findings The real advice is that falling asleep in public places such as libraries is not good. A lot of wild reactions to the picture of a girl sleeping in a university library has caused all sorts, as “photo-shoppers”have had a field day, putting the sleeper in all sorts of situations – in Drake’s “Hotline Bling” music video, dancing with Michael Jackson and more. Social implications Derrick Lewis on 26th August reported that an Orange County library had made wi-fi devices available for rural internet users. Originality/value It is helping rural families make faster connections, and it is free to try the device which can be borrowed for 3 weeks and renewed twice if no one else has booked to use it.
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Yusa, Keisuke, Wei Song, Matthias Bartelmann, and Shinji Harada. "Construction of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Library Containing Random Combinations of Amino Acid Substitutions in the HIV-1 Protease due to Resistance by Protease Inhibitors." Journal of Virology 76, no. 6 (March 15, 2002): 3031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.6.3031-3037.2002.
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ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) heterogeneity contributes to the emergence of drug-resistant virus, escape from host defense systems, and/or conversion of the cellular tropism. To establish an in vitro system to address a heterogeneous virus population, we constructed a library of HIV-1 molecular clones containing a set of random combinations of zero to 11 amino acid substitutions associated with resistance to protease inhibitors by the HIV-1 protease. The complexity (2.1 × 105) of the HIV-1 library pNG-PRL was large enough to cover all of the possible combinations of zero to 11 amino acid substitutions (a total of 4,096 substitutions possible). The T-cell line MT-2 was infected with the HIV-1 library, and resistant viruses were selected after treatment by the protease inhibitor ritonavir (0.03 to 0.30 μM). The viruses that contained three to eight amino acid substitutions could be selected within 2 weeks. These results demonstrate that this HIV-1 library could serve as an alternative in vitro system to analyze the emergence of drug resistance and to evaluate the antiviral activity of novel compounds against multidrug-resistant viruses.
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Hines, Shawnda. "Washington Hotline." College & Research Libraries News 79, no. 9 (October 4, 2018): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.79.9.520.
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Premidterm election priorities in WashingtonWith just weeks to go before midterm elections, Congress is both making and delaying decisions on issues that are important to libraries.On September 13, the U.S. House and Senate Appropriations Committees released a conference committee report on fiscal year 2019 funding for programs under the Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Subcommittee, which controls spending levels for many federal library programs.The news is good.
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Xing, Xiao-Wei, Lu-Yun Li, Gang Liu, Jun-Jiang Fu, Xiao-Jun Tan, and Guang-Xiu Lu. "Identification of a Novel Gene SRG4 Expressed at Specific Stages of Mouse Spermatogenesis." Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 36, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abbs/36.5.351.
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Abstract Spermatogenesis is a complex process. Two spermatocytes expression sequence tags (ESTs) BG101130 and BG100990 were found. Their putative amino acid sequences have high homology with rat Spag4 (sperm antigen 4). By electrical hybridization, a novel cDNA encoding polypeptide of 348 amino acid residues was identified from a mouse testis cDNA library. The new gene was designated as SRG4 (Spermatogenesis related gene 4) (GenBank accession No. AY307077). Results of Northern blot and RTPCR revealed that SRG4 expressed specifically in mouse testis. Changes of SRG4 expression in mouse different development stages were observed by RT-PCR. The SRG4 mRNA was hardly detected in 2 weeks postpartum, and expressed abundantly from 3 weeks later, reaching top lever at 4–5 weeks, while slightly down in aging mouse testis. Results of in situ hybridization showed that SRG4 gene expressed abundantly in spermatocytes, round spermatids. This indicated SRG4 gene may play an important role in mouse meiotic divisions of spermatocytes.
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Baker, Gavin. "Washington Hotline." College & Research Libraries News 79, no. 10 (November 8, 2018): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.79.10.580.
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As the 115th Congress draws to a close, last chance to advocate for librariesAfter the federal elections on November 6 (remember to vote!), the 115th Congress will be in its final weeks before the new Congress takes office in January. This “lame-duck” session is the last chance for Congress to act on bills before they expire, making it a critical time for library advocates to contact their members of Congress about our active priorities.
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Tatman, Philip, Anthony Fringuello, Teddy Wroblewski, Sam Scherer, William Foreman, D. Ryan Ormond, Denise Damek, Kevin Lillehei, Randy Jensen, and Michael Graner. "DDIS-26. HIGH-THROUGHPUT DRUG SCREENING OF MENINGIOMAS IDENTIFIES HDAC INHIBITORS AS PROMISING TARGETS ACROSS GRADES." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi68—vi69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.277.
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Abstract Meningiomas are a common central nervous system (CNS) tumor, accounting for one third of CNS neoplasms. To date, no FDA approved pharmacotherapy exists for meningiomas. In an effort to identify potential treatments for meningiomas we created a culture system that allows us to grow and screen tumors across hundreds of compounds within two weeks of resection. We screened 32 meningiomas, six of which were World Health Organization (WHO) grade II, against the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) FDA-approved cancer compound library and Caymen Chemical’s epigenetic inhibitor library, totaling to more than 300 compounds. The NCI library was screened at 1um, and the Caymen library was screened at 5um. Each library was screened in triplicate, allowing us to calculate statistical significance. We used an MTS assay to determine cell viability after three days. The data was background subtracted and normalized to controls. Significant changes in cell viability were determined for individual drugs using a Mann-Whitney-U test compared to untreated controls. On average, regardless of grade, 5.9 compounds per hundred screened significantly reduced tumor viability. We identified four compounds in the NCI FDA-approved library that reduced cell viability, on average across all tumors screened, by at least 50%: romidepsin, panobinostat, daunorubicin, and carfilzomib. Using the same criteria, we identified the following drugs from the Caymen epigenetic library: LAQ824, panobinostat, and HC toxin. Of the six compounds implicated as possible treatments for meningiomas, four are histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. HDAC inhibitors may represent a promising target for the treatment of meningiomas. Based on this data, we have begun in vivo work using PDX mouse models to investigate the therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of meningiomas.
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Varley, Gillian. "An English art librarian in Paris: a report and diary." Art Libraries Journal 14, no. 1 (1989): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200006064.
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Following Nicole Picot’s visit to England, the subject of the report printed above, Gillian Varley from the National Art Library of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London spent two weeks at the Bibliothèque Publique d’Information at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, during the summer of 1988. She also visited a number of other art libraries in Paris. The text of her report is followed by extracts from her diary of her trip.
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Posch, Cornelia. "Moving everything out – a risk assessment: Off-site storage for the Frick Art Reference Library, analysed by an ARIAH-RIHA Professional Exchange Fellow." Art Libraries Journal 46, no. 1 (January 2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/alj.2020.33.
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AbstractIn the fall of 2019, I received the ARIAH-RIHA Professional Exchange Fellowship, which gave me the opportunity to spend time in New York City, working on a project that aligned with my research and practice interest in emergency preparedness. The Frick Art Reference Library hosted me for three weeks, during which I could apply some of my theoretical knowledge and gain practical experience, while contributing to their preparedness by assessing risks related to an impending move of the collection. Working on prevention and preparedness in my own institution at the time, I wanted to get a sense of the steps that another library, similar in size and scope, was taking to ensure the integrity of its holdings in preparation of such a complex activity as a relocation of the entire collection.
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Lin, Yu-Ching, Wei-Ting Wu, Yu-Chun Hsu, Der-Sheng Han, and Ke-Vin Chang. "Comparative effectiveness of botulinum toxin versus non-surgical treatments for treating lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Clinical Rehabilitation 32, no. 2 (March 28, 2017): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215517702517.
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Objectives: To explore the effectiveness of botulinum toxin compared with non-surgical treatments in patients with lateral epicondylitis. Methods: Data sources including PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Airity Library from the earliest record to February 2017 were searched. Study design, patients’ characteristics, dosage/brand of botulinum toxin, injection techniques, and measurements of pain and hand grip strength were retrieved. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) in pain relief and grip strength reduction were calculated at the following time points: 2-4, 8-12, and 16 weeks or more after injection. Results: Six randomized controlled trials (321 participants) comparing botulinum toxin with placebo or corticosteroid injections were included. Compared with placebo, botulinum toxin injection significantly reduced pain at all three time points (SMD, -0.729, 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.286 to -0.171; SMD, -0.446, 95% CI, -0.740 to -0.152; SMD, -0.543, 95% CI, -0.978 to -0.107, respectively). Botulinum toxin was less effective than corticosteroid at 2-4 weeks (SMD, 1.153; 95% CI, 0.568-1.737) and both treatments appeared similar in efficacy after 8 weeks. Different injection sites and dosage/brand did not affect effectiveness. Botulinum toxin decreased grip strength 2-4 weeks after injection, and high equivalent dose could extend its paralytic effects to 8-12 weeks. Conclusions: When treating lateral epicondylitis, botulinum toxin was superior to placebo and could last for 16 weeks. Corticosteroid and botulinum toxin injections were largely equivalent, except the corticosteroid injections were better at pain relief in the early stages and were associated with less weakness in grip in the first 12 weeks.
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Petrelli, Zaniboni, Ghidini, Ghidini, Turati, Pizzo, Ratti, Libertini, and Tomasello. "Timing of Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Survival in Colorectal, Gastric, and Pancreatic Cancer. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Cancers 11, no. 4 (April 17, 2019): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11040550.
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(1) Background: The optimal timing of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in gastrointestinal malignancies is still a matter of debate. For colorectal cancer, it is recommended to start post-operative treatment within eight weeks. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical effects of starting adjuvant CT within or after 6–8 weeks post-surgery in colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer. (2) Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched in December 2018. Publications comparing the outcomes of patients treated with adjuvant CT administered before (early) or after (delayed) 6–8 weeks post-surgery for colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer were identified. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). (3) Results: Out of 8752 publications identified, 34 comparative studies assessing a total of 141,853 patients were included. Meta-analysis indicated a statistically significant increased risk of death with delayed CT (>6–8 weeks post-surgery) in colorectal cancer (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–1.33; p <0.001). Similarly, for gastric cancer, delaying adjuvant CT was associated with inferior overall survival (HR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.04–1.38; p = 0.01). Conversely, the benefit of earlier CT was not evident in pancreatic cancer (HR = 1, 95% CI 1–1.01; p = 0.37). Conclusions: Starting adjuvant CT within 6–8 weeks post-surgery is associated with a significant survival benefit for colorectal and gastric cancer, but not for pancreatic cancer.
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Hughes, Annie M. "The Library as a Preferred Place for Studying: Observation of Students’ Use of Physical Spaces." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 6, no. 2 (June 24, 2011): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8vs6q.
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Objective – To determine students’ utilization of physical spaces in the library, excluding computer labs or stacks.
Design – Observational research, unobtrusive method.
Setting – Areas of space in the University Library, as well as within adjoining areas at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, such as carrels, tables, soft chairs, and study rooms.
Subjects – Students using the library’s space.
Methods – The researcher chose to collect data via observation of individuals and groups in a particular space in the library, noting the gender of the individuals using the space and whether or not they were using laptops. Areas of space examined were carrels, group study rooms, chairs and sofas, tables and chairs in the Academic Commons, and benches and chairs within corridors. The unit of analysis used was equal to an individual seat. The research excluded stack space as well as any space with fixed computer stations. The time periods chosen to study the spaces were selected based on the author’s previous research. Due to higher daytime usage than evening, data was collected at two time periods during the day: 12-1 p.m. and 3-4 p.m., Monday through Friday. The researcher recorded the time of the semester as well, choosing weeks 14-17 in Fall 2007 and weeks 10-17 in Spring 2008. Space diagrams for collecting data were created, and each area had different collection times. All data was entered into a database in which each area was recorded with the number and type of users. Each area had a different capacity as to how many individuals it could hold. If the percentage of capacity was higher than 50%, the usage was considered to be notable.
Main Results – The researchers observed a few patterns from their data collection. Gender analysis provided information regarding the use of laptops; men were more likely to use them than women. While men were a smaller part of the overall university demographic while this research took place, they utilized the library spaces most.
As expected, library usage increased as the end of each semester neared, suggesting that the spaces are used mainly for study purposes. The author also chose to collect data regarding library usage by semester, which is questionable because the student population declined from fall to spring and a Campus Center opened, providing another study space.
The most attractive spaces in the library were study rooms, and for the most part, groups, as opposed to individual students, utilized these rooms. The chair and sofa areas of the library were the next most popular areas, but the study carrels were also popular, especially toward the end of a semester.
Conclusion – According to the researcher, the data collected points to the library as a preferred place for studying, as opposed to other activities. By observing the use of areas such as study carrels, soft chairs, and group study rooms, one can derive data that will allow for future space planning, as well as gain an understanding of how a current space is being used.
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Ganshorn, Heather. "Library and Informatics Training May Improve Question Formulation among Public Health Practitioners." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 4, no. 4 (December 14, 2009): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8261t.
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A review of:
Eldredge, Jonathan D., et al. “The Effect of Training on Question Formulation among Public Health Practitioners: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial.” Journal of the Medical Library Association 96.4 (2008): 299-309. 28 Aug 2009 .
Objectives – To determine whether providing library and informatics training to public health professionals would increase the number and sophistication of work-related questions asked by these workers.
Design – Randomised controlled trial.
Setting – New Mexico Department of Health.
Subjects – Public health professionals from a variety of professions, including administrators, nursing professionals, nutritionists, epidemiologists, physicians, social workers, and others.
Methods – All subjects received a three-hour training session on finding evidence-based public health information, with a focus on using PubMed. Two sessions were offered, two weeks apart. Participants were randomised to either an intervention group, which received instruction on the first date, or a control group, which received instruction on the second date.
The intervening two weeks constitute the study period, in which both groups were surveyed by e-mail about their work-related question generation. Three times per week, subjects received e-mail reminders asking them to submit survey responses regarding all questions that had arisen in their practice, along with information about their attempts to answer them. Questions were tallied, and totals were compared between the two groups.
Questions were also analysed for level of sophistication, and classified by the investigators as “background” questions, which are asked when one has little knowledge of the field, and can usually be answered using textbooks or other reference sources; and “foreground” questions, which are often asked when an individual is familiar with the subject, and looking for more sophisticated information that is usually found in journals and similar sources. This scheme for classifying questions was developed by Richardson and Mulrow (2001).
Main Results
The investigators found differences in both the number and sophistication of the questions asked between the control and intervention groups. The control group averaged only 0.69 questions per participant during the two-week observation period, while the intervention group averaged 1.24 questions. Investigators also found that a higher percentage of the questions asked by the intervention group were foreground questions (50.0%, versus 42.9%) for the control group. However, when two-tailed t-test analysis was performed on both the frequency of questions and the level of sophistication, the findings were no statistically significant within a 95% confidence interval.
Conclusion
This study suggests that library and informatics training for public health professionals may increase the number of questions that they ask on work-related topics, and also the sophistication of these questions. However, more studies need to be done to confirm these findings.
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Wu, Binbin, Hongyan Yuan, Deyu Geng, Liang Zhang, and Cheng Zhang. "The Impact of a Stabilization Exercise on Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery 81, no. 04 (March 6, 2020): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3400953.
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Abstract Introduction The efficacy of a stabilization exercise for the relief of neck pain remains controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effectiveness of a stabilization exercise on neck pain. Methods We searched Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO Information Services, and the Cochrane Library databases through May 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the impact of a stabilization exercise on neck pain. This meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model. Results Six RCTs are included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the control group of patients with neck pain, a stabilization exercise can significantly reduce pain scores at 4 to 6 weeks (mean difference [MD]: −2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], −4.46 to −0.35; p = 0.02), Neck Disability Index [NDI] at 10 to 12 weeks (MD:− 6.75; 95% CI, −11.71 to −1.79; p = 0.008), and depression scale at 4 to 6 weeks (MD: −4.65; 95% CI, −7.00 to −2.31; p = 0.02), but it has no obvious impact on pain scores at 10 to 12 weeks (MD: −1.07; 95% CI, −3.42 to 1.28; p = 0.37) or at 6 months (MD: −1.02; 95% CI, −3.43 to 1.39; p = 0.41). Conclusions A stabilization exercise can provide some benefits to control neck pain.
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Chambers, J. A., M. A. Hollingsworth, A. E. Trezise, and A. Harris. "Developmental expression of mucin genes MUC1 and MUC2." Journal of Cell Science 107, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.107.2.413.
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The mucin gene MUC1, is expressed in a number of human ductal epithelia in vivo including those within the pancreas, mammary gland, kidney and genital ducts. Further it is expressed at a high level in certain tumours and tumour-derived cell lines. MUC2 was initially isolated from a human jejunum cDNA library and is thought to be one of the major intestinal mucin genes, though it is also expressed in the trachea. We have examined the developmental expression of these two mucin genes in human tissues. High level expression of MUC1 has been seen by 12.5 weeks of gestation in the epithelial of the distal respiratory tract and the collecting ducts in the kidney. By 18 weeks MUC1 mRNA is detectable in the colon but pancreatic expression of MUC1 is not seen until late in gestation. MUC2 mRNA is seen by 12 weeks of gestation in the jejunum, ileum and colon, and in large bronchioles of the lung by 18 weeks. The pattern of expression of MUC1 suggests that this mucin may not be involved in early ductal obstruction in the CF pancreas, but both MUC1 and MUC2 may play a role in the development of intestinal disease and MUC1 in early respiratory disease associated with CF.
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Khatun, Asma, and S. M. Zabed Ahmed. "Usability testing for an open-source integrated library system." Electronic Library 36, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 487–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-03-2017-0049.
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Purpose The aim of this paper is to empirically examine the usability of the Koha OPAC from a user perspective. Design/methodology/approach A series of usability tests with Koha were carried out at a private university in Bangladesh. Both experienced and novice users participated in these tests. Experienced users participated only once, whereas novices took part in three successive sessions. At first, novices’ initial performance was recorded. Then, they performed the same tasks after a short training tutorial. Novices again participated in the retention experiment with the same tasks after four weeks. A set of seven tasks was given to the users to see their performance in terms of time taken, number of errors made and success scores. Performance data were captured through a computer screen recording software, and satisfaction scores were obtained using a modified version of Questionnaire on User Interface Satisfaction (QUIS). Comparisons of performance and satisfaction with Koha OPAC were made between experienced users and novices’ initial, learning and retention experiments and amongst novices’ three test sessions. Findings The results showed significant performance difference between experienced and novices’ initial session. Novices could easily pick up the functionality of Koha OPAC when a brief training was provided. The comparative analysis of performance between experienced users and novices’ learning showed no significant difference between these sessions. There was a significant difference between experienced and novices’ retention in terms of success scores. The comparison amongst novices’ initial, learning and retention sessions showed significant performance differences in time taken and errors made. The QUIS results also showed significant differences in subjective satisfaction for several items between experienced users and naïve sessions, and for one item amongst novices’ three experiments. Originality/value This is a pioneering study of the task-based usability of Koha OPAC. The findings from this study will encourage researchers to empirically examine the usability of other open-source ILSs, which might result in improved user performance and satisfaction with these systems.
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Lostroh, C. Phoebe, and Bruce A. Voyles. "Acinetobacter baylyi Starvation-Induced Genes Identified through Incubation in Long-Term Stationary Phase." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 14 (May 28, 2010): 4905–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01806-09.
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ABSTRACT Acinetobacter species encounter cycles of feast and famine in nature. We show that populations of A cinetobacter baylyi strain ADP1 remain dynamic for 6 weeks in batch culture. We created a library of lacZ reporters inserted into SalI sites in the genome and then isolated 30 genes with lacZ insertions whose expression was induced by starvation during long-term stationary phase compared with their expression during exponential growth. The genes encode metabolic, gene expression, DNA maintenance, envelope, and conserved hypothetical proteins.
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Walker, Stephanie. "Computer-Assisted Library Instruction and Face-to-Face Library Instruction Prove Equally Effective for Teaching Basic Library Skills in Academic Libraries." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 3, no. 1 (March 17, 2008): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8b62p.
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A review of:
Zhang, Li, Watson, Erin M. and Banfield, Laura. "The Efficacy of Computer-Assisted Instruction Versus Face-to-Face Instruction in Academic Libraries: A Systematic Review." The Journal of Academic Librarianship 33.4 (July 2007): 478-484.
Objective – To conduct a systematic review of several studies comparing the efficacy of face-to-face versus computer-assisted instruction (CAI) for teaching basic library skills to patrons of academic libraries.
Design – Systematic review of existing studies (randomised controlled trials and controlled trials).
Setting - College and university libraries
Subjects – The subjects studied were patrons of any type of academic library, whether university, college, or other post-secondary institution, receiving instruction in basic library skills. Ten studies were included in the review, of which seven were done in the United States, two in Australia, and one in Canada. The total number of subjects in all of the studies under review was 1283. Nine of the studies focused on undergraduates enrolled in specific courses (undergraduate courses ranging widely in subject area, or in one case a first year experience program); the other study focused on library instruction methods taught to students in a graduate research methods course, yet the study was still intended to measure the efficacy of library instruction methods, yet the study was still intended to measure the efficacy of library instruction methods.
Methods – One included study was a randomised controlled trial; the other nine were controlled trials. The date range under consideration was for studies done between 1990 and 2005. All original studies were required to compare the efficacy of face-to-face versus CAI instruction. Both information skills and students’ reactions to receiving the instruction were considered. To identify appropriate studies, searches were done across the following library and education-related databases: LISA, ERIC, and Library Literature. The authors screened the 728 unique studies’ bibliographic information for relevance against four criteria: studies had to be of a particular type of design (randomised controlled trials, controlled trials, cohort studies, and case studies), with a sample size greater than one and with pre- and post-test measurements; study participants had to be academic library patrons; the study needed to compare CAI and face-to-face instruction; and both the students’ information skills and reactions to the instruction had to be measured. This left 40 unique studies, which were then retrieved in full text. Next, studies were selected to meet the inclusion criteria further using the QUOROM format, a reporting structure used for improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised trials (Moher, David et al 1896 - 1900). Evaluation of methodological quality was then done using a dual method: authors Watson and Zhang assessed the studies independently, each using the “Checklist for Study Quality” developed by Downs and Black (Downs, Sara H. and Black, Nick 377-384), adapted slightly to remove non-relevant questions. After analysis, when additional information was needed, original study authors were contacted. Finally, ten studies were included in the analysis.
The instruction sessions covered many topics, such as catalog use, reading citations, awareness of library services and collections, basic searching of bibliographic databases, and more. But all could qualify as basic, rather than advanced, library instruction. All studies did pre- and post-tests of students’ skills – some immediately after instruction, and others with a time lapse of up to six weeks. Most authors created their own tests, though one adapted an existing scale. Individual performance improvement was not studied in many cases due to privacy concerns.
Main Results - Nine of the ten studies found CAI and face-to-face instruction equally effective; the tenth study found face-to-face instruction more effective. The students’ reaction to instruction methods varied – some students felt more satisfied with face-to-face instruction and felt that they learned better, while other studies found that students receiving CAI felt more confident. Some found no difference in confidence.
It was impossible to carry out a meta-analysis of the studies, as the skills taught, methods used, and evaluation tools in each case varied widely, and the data provided by the ten studies lacked sufficient detail to allow meta-analysis. As well, there were major methodological differences in the studies – some studies allowed participants the opportunities for hands-on practice; others did not. The CAI tutorials also varied – some were clearly interactive, and in other studies, it was not certain that the tutorial allowed for interactivity.
The authors of the systematic review identified possible problems with the selected studies as well. All studies were evaluated according to four criteria on the modified Downs-Black scale: reporting, external validity, and two measures of internal validity (possible bias and possible confounding). A perfect score would have been 25; the mean score was 17.3. Areas where authors lost points included areas such as failure to estimate data variability, failure to report participants lost to follow-up, failure to have blind marking of pre- and post-tests, failure to allocate participants randomly, and a variety of other areas. As well, few studies examined participants’ confidence level with computers before they participated in instruction.
Conclusion – Based on this systematic review, CAI and face-to-face instruction appear to be equally effective in teaching students basic library skills. The authors of the study are reluctant to state this categorically, and issue several caveats: a) only one trial was randomised; b) seven of the studies were conducted in the USA, with the others being from Canada and Australia, and learning and teaching styles could be very different in other countries; c) the students were largely undergraduates, and the authors are curious as to whether results would be similar with faculty, staff, or older groups (though of course, not all undergraduates are traditional undergraduates); d) the tests ranged widely in design, and were largely developed individually, and the authors recommend developing a validated test; and e) if the pre- and post-tests are identical and given in rapid succession, this could skew results.
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Quatman-Yates, Catherine, Amanda Cupp, Cherryanne Gunsch, Tonya Haley, Steve Vaculik, and David Kujawa. "Physical Rehabilitation Interventions for Post-mTBI Symptoms Lasting Greater Than 2 Weeks: Systematic Review." Physical Therapy 96, no. 11 (November 1, 2016): 1753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20150557.
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Abstract Background Heightened awareness of the lasting effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has amplified interest in interventions that facilitate recovery from persistent post-mTBI symptoms. Purpose The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature to identify potential physical rehabilitation interventions that are safe, feasible, and appropriate for physical therapists to utilize with patients with persistent mTBI-related symptoms. Data Sources The electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were systematically searched from database inception until June 2015. Study Selection Studies were included if they utilized physical rehabilitation interventions and the study's participants had a diagnosis of mTBI, a mean age of 8 years or older, and symptoms persisting an average of 2 weeks or longer. Exclusion criteria included blast injuries, diagnosis of moderate or severe TBI, or psychosis. Data Extraction Data extraction and methodological risk of bias assessments were performed for each study. Data Synthesis Eight studies with a range of study designs, intervention types, and outcome measures were included. The interventions investigated by the included studies were categorized into 3 types: physiological, vestibulo-ocular, and cervicogenic. Limitations The identified studies had several significant limitations including: small sample sizes and low-level study designs. Conclusions The results of this systematic review indicate that several physical rehabilitation options with minimal risk for negative outcomes are available for treating patients experiencing persistent post-mTBI symptoms. These options include: vestibular, manual, and progressive exercise interventions. Conclusions surrounding efficacy and ideal dosing parameters for these interventions are limited at this time due to the small number of studies, the range of interventional protocols, and lower levels of study design.
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Lo, Leo S., Binky Lush, and Dace Freivaids. "Redistributing work during COVID-19: Penn State University Libraries’ job bank." College & Research Libraries News 81, no. 8 (September 3, 2020): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.81.8.394.
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March 2020 became a pivoting moment for higher education in the United States, when the COVID-19 pandemic forced colleges and universities to switch to remote delivery of instruction within weeks. The impact of this event is deep and far-reaching. There is already a deluge of articles about how most faculty and students have had to adjust to a new way of teaching and learning--or how administrators have had to brace for financial losses. However, little has been written about the situations librarians and library staff are facing.
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Yaa Anima Adzobu, Nesba. "Building digital collections in a public university library in Ghana: priority-setting and user needs assessment." Collection Building 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cb-10-2013-0040.
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Purpose – Although user needs assessment is an intrinsic element of service quality delivery in digital libraries (DLs), not much has been written on this topic in the context of African universities. This is understandable as academic digital libraries in Africa are rather nascent. Even so, the most frequently-used needs assessment methods do not directly involve the users. This study aims to assess priority setting by academic library administrators and the needs of patrons of digital collections of a public university library in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach – Analysis of official university documents and interviews with digital library patrons at the University of Cape Coast (UCC) in Ghana were carried out between September, 2011 and January, 2012. Five research questions were asked: what are the current conditions of the UCC digital library project, the user communities and their needs, what are the priorities set by the university administrators and library leaders at the UCC and the state of technological readiness in place and what are needed by the UCCDL. Also, what is the extent of collaboration by interested parties in the UCCDL? Findings – Three general digital library user communities were identified, that is, UCCDL staff- this community was composed of experts in both digital library systems and content, characterized as heavy users of the existing systems, as knowledgeable about articulated (formalized) user needs, and able to devote short (usually less than two hours) amounts of time to individual's needs. Next, are scholars and other visitors to the UCCDL – this community was characterized as having high levels of domain expertise and knowledge of library systems. They are also able to devote large but specific amounts of time (days or weeks) to their individual information needs. Visitors/Prospective users- this community was characterized as having varied levels of domain expertise and low levels of library systems knowledge. They are able to devote only short periods of time to their information needs or explorations. These user communities are influenced by diverse preferences, experiences, and knowledge structures. Practical implications – Academic libraries are increasingly advocating local user studies as a way to provide the digital library services that are relevant to the culture and user population of the academic institution. Replicating digital library user studies at the local level can provide information for improving existing services or developing new ones. Originality/value – In African public universities, there is little earlier research on digital library user needs assessments or DL priority-setting by academic library administrators.
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Pegion, Kathy, Ben P. Kirtman, Emily Becker, Dan C. Collins, Emerson LaJoie, Robert Burgman, Ray Bell, et al. "The Subseasonal Experiment (SubX): A Multimodel Subseasonal Prediction Experiment." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 10 (October 2019): 2043–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0270.1.
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AbstractThe Subseasonal Experiment (SubX) is a multimodel subseasonal prediction experiment designed around operational requirements with the goal of improving subseasonal forecasts. Seven global models have produced 17 years of retrospective (re)forecasts and more than a year of weekly real-time forecasts. The reforecasts and forecasts are archived at the Data Library of the International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University, providing a comprehensive database for research on subseasonal to seasonal predictability and predictions. The SubX models show skill for temperature and precipitation 3 weeks ahead of time in specific regions. The SubX multimodel ensemble mean is more skillful than any individual model overall. Skill in simulating the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), two sources of subseasonal predictability, is also evaluated, with skillful predictions of the MJO 4 weeks in advance and of the NAO 2 weeks in advance. SubX is also able to make useful contributions to operational forecast guidance at the Climate Prediction Center. Additionally, SubX provides information on the potential for extreme precipitation associated with tropical cyclones, which can help emergency management and aid organizations to plan for disasters.
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Eschelbach, John W., Dorothy Zhuomei, Breanne Grady, and Wolfgang Goetzinger. "Characterization of Short-Term Temperature, Exposure, and Solubilization Effects on Library Compound Quality." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 16, no. 9 (August 12, 2011): 1112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057111416237.
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Many compound collections are stored under the same temperature conditions, which can limit flexibility by increasing the processing time required for high-demand compounds. In this study, the authors wanted to evaluate the impact of a hybrid-storage approach where high-demand compounds are stored for a shortened time period at room temperature to expedite processing operations. The use of a Covaris adaptive-focused acoustics platform was also characterized as a potential enhancement or alternative to storage at elevated temperatures. This study evaluated the impact of temperature, exposure, and solubilization on overall compound quality for short-term storage. A small library of 25 representative compounds was evaluated over an 18-week period to monitor the change in purity and concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The authors concluded that temperature had a significant impact on compound concentration, and the effects due to exposure cycles were minimal. A storage time of 12 weeks at room temperature resulted in minimal compound loss, but storage times beyond this would be unacceptable because of a >20% decrease in concentration. Finally, the acoustic solubilization protocol also increased the number of compounds at the target concentration with no impact on overall purity, leading to a potential for increased storage times at frozen temperatures.
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Jang, Suhwa, Young Lee, Byoung Kook Kim, and Hee Yong Chung. "Characterization of Leukemia-Inducing Genes Using the Retroviral cDNA Library." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 5336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.5336.5336.
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Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia is a disease caused by oncogenic change(s) of hematopoietic stem cells or progenitor cells. The purpose of this research is to characterize the gene involved in the leukemia induction processes by screening the retroviral cDNA libraries of cellular oncogenes, homeobox genes. The cDNA libraries were constructed by cloning the individual genes to a MSCV retroviral vector backbone. For convenience of detecting the transduced cells and their protein products, the MSCV retroviral vector was modified to include HA tag and GFP marker and ninety cellular oncogenes and 30 homeobox genes were individually cloned and the structural integrity was verified. To screen for the leukemia-inducing genes, 5-FU treated mouse bone marrow cells were transduced with retroviral mixtures of oncogenes, and the cells were transplanted into ten lethally irradiated mice. All ten mice developed acute leukemia between the eight and ten weeks post-transplantation. The oncogenes that were responsible for the leukemia induction were characterized by genomic DNA PCR of the leukemic cells of each mouse. Surprisingly, all ten mice had c-myc genes in their leukemic cells. However, except for three mice, all the mice have additional oncogenes within the leukemic cells. The list of the additional genes include; RAB3D, RAB7B, PDGF-beta, CRK, and PIM-2 and Ras. Theses results show that the c-myc is the major leukemia-inducing oncogenes in our system. In addition, since the initial transduction rate of 5-FU-treated bone marrow just prior to in vivo transplantation was 10.56%, it is highly unlikely that all these additional oncogenes were present in the transplantable leukemic cells just by chance. Therefore, the retroviral cDNA library-mediated leukemia induction system we developed may be an useful system in systematically screening the cooperating oncogenes in leukemia induction. We are currently verifying the cooperating potential of the genes co-transduced with c-myc in inducing leukemia in the same animal model.