Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Weg <Motiv>'

Zugl.: Berlin, Humboldt-Universiẗat, Diss., 2007 u.d.T.: Baranek, Elke: Zielgruppenspezifische Motivlagen von Konsumenten und Konsumentinnen in Bezug auf ökologische Produkte und Dienstleistungen im Lebensmittelbereich.

Problem: What are the motives behind positively charged user-generated content on Instagram? Purpose: The study aims to identify and analyze existing and potential users' motives for creating and distributing positively charged content on Instagram from a user perspective. Method: The study was conducted based on a qualitative method and applied the hermeneutical - phenomenological approach. Eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted with female users of Instagram aged between 21-30 years. Theory: The study builds on previous research on user-generated content, electronicword-of-mouth, selective attention, Lazarsfeld’s two-step flow of communication model, Uses & Gratification, motivation and Katz’ functional theory, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Empirics and analysis: The empirical data consists of the eleven completed in-depth interviews that were analyzed based on the selected theories. Conclusion: The study has concluded that the underlying motives behind creating positively charged user-generated content on Instagram are: (1) social interaction, (2) entertainment and (3) the need to be seen.

Rhodopsin, der Rezeptor der visuellen Kaskade, gehört zu größten Klasse A der G-Protein-koppelnden Rezeptoren (GPCRs) und gilt als Modell-Rezeptor in der GPCR-Forschung. Über 3 % des humanen Genoms kodieren für GPCRs, doch trotz der physiologischen Bedeutung dieser Proteinfamilie sind die fundamentalen Mechanismen, mit denen diese Rezeptoren extrazelluläre Signale in das Zellinnere weiterleiten noch nicht verstanden. In der vorliegenden Dissertation werden Aspekte des Aktivierungsmechanismus von Rhodopsin sowie der Kopplung und Aktivierung des G-Proteins Transduzin untersucht. Die Arbeit ist in drei Schwerpunkte unterteilt: I. Es wurde ein in GPCR’s hochkonserviertes NPxxYx(5,6)F Motiv (Aminosäuresequenz Asn-Pro-x-x-Tyr-x(5,6)-Phe) in der siebten und achten Helix charakterisiert. In diesem konservierten Motiv sind mehrere für die Ausbildung der aktiven Rezeptorkonformation wichtige Funktionen vereint: Verknüpfung zu einem Wasserstoffbrückennetzwerk, Helixflexibilität sowie die exakte Positionierung der achten Helix. Letzteres hat nicht nur bei der Rezeptoraktivierung sondern auch bei der nachfolgenden Interaktion mit dem G-Protein eine Bedeutung. II. Anhand von chimären Rezeptoren, bei denen Teile der achten Helix durch homologe Sequenzen des beta2-adrenergen Rezeptors ausgetauscht wurden, wurde die Rolle der achten Helix bei der Rezeptor-Aktivierung und Bindung des G-Proteins untersucht. Auch bei dieser Studie wurde gezeigt, dass die exakte Positionierung der achten Helix essentiell für die Interaktion mit dem G-Protein ist. Zudem wurde ein bezüglich der G-Protein-Aktivierung funktionsfähiger chimärer Rezeptor gefunden, was auf einen übergeordneten Mechanismus bei der Aktivierung von G-Proteinen durch GPCRs hindeutet. III. Die Funktion des ß-Ionon-Rings des Retinals beim Aktivierungsmechanismus von Rhodopsin wurde an einem Retinal studiert, bei welchem Teile des Retinal-Rings fehlten (azyklisches Retinal). Auch diesem azyklischen Retinal können Eigenschaften eines partiellen Agonisten zugeschrieben werden. Beim Vergleich zu Pigmenten mit dem nativen 11-cis-Retinal wurden starke Analogien bei der initialen Energieaufnahme durch die Retinal-Isomerisierung sowie bei der Weiterleitung der Lichtenergie ins Protein gefunden. Allerdings wird die Energie schlechter auf das Protein übertragen, wodurch wesentlich weniger der aktiven G-Protein bindenden Rezeptorkonformation gebildet wird. Als wichtigste Funktion des Retinal-Rings wurde die Aufrechterhaltung der aktiven Meta-II-Konformation identifiziert.
Rhodopsin, the receptor of the visual cascade, belongs to the largest group A of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and can be seen as a model receptor in GPCR research. More than 3 % of the human genome code for GPCRs. But despite their physiological relevance, the detailed mechanism of signal transduction from extra cellular signal to different cellular pathways remains to be fully understood. Different aspects of receptor activation and the coupling and activation of the G-protein transducin are investigated in this dissertation. The thesis focuses on the following three subjects: I. A NPxxYx(5,6)F motif (amino acid sequence Asn-Pro-x-x-Tyr-x(5,6)-Phe) has been characterized for rhodopsin. It is localized in helix VII and VIII and is highly conserved throughout the GPCR family. Various roles for rhodopsin activation are combined in this motif: linkage to a hydrogen-bond network, helix flexibility and the exact positioning of helix VIII. The latter is not only relevant for the activation of the receptor but also for interaction with its G-protein. II. The role of helix VIII for receptor activation and G-protein coupling was studied on chimeric receptors, in which parts of helix VIII were exchanged against homologous sequences of the beta2 adrenergic receptor. This study confirmed the importance of helix VIII’s position for G-protein coupling. Furthermore, a chimeric receptor was found, which was fully functional concerning G-protein activation. This indicates that GPCRs might use a single, generic mechanism for G-protein activation. III. The role of the ß-ionone-ring for the activation mechanism of rhodopsin was studied by means of an acyclic retinal, which lacks four carbon atoms of the ß-ionone-ring. This modified retinal could be classified as a partial agonist for rhodopsin. Energy input by retinal isomerization and formation of the G-protein binding Meta-II conformation were found to be very similar to rhodopsin when bound to its native 11-cis-retinal. However, the lack of the ring structure resulted in a lower amount of Meta-II and a fast decay of activity. It was concluded that the main role of the ring structure is to maintain the active state of rhodopsin.

Zahlreiche pathogene „missense“-Mutation, die verhindern, dass Proteine korrekt gefaltet werden, befinden sich in geordneten Regionen von Proteinen. Andere krankheitsrelevante Mutationen befinden sich in ungeordneten Regionen und beeinflussen somit nur begrenzt die Funktionalität, zum Beispiel durch Veränderungen kurzer linearer Sequenzmotive, die Protein-Protein Interaktionen vermitteln. In dieser Arbeit wird ein peptidbasierter Interaktionsscreen präsentiert mit dem sich Veränderungen im Interaktom identifizieren lassen. Synthetische Peptide von wild-typ und zugehörigen mutierten Proteinregionen ermöglichen die gleichzeitige Untersuchung von mehr als hundert Mutationen mittels Massenspektrometrie. Mehr als ein Drittel aller getesteten Mutationen hatten veränderte Interaktionen zur Folge. Darunter befanden sich auch drei Prolin zu Leucin Mutationen in zytosolischen Regionen von Transmembranproteinen, die zusammen mit dem benachbarten Leucin einem Dileucinmotiv ergeben und dadurch verstärkt mit Clathrin interagieren. Dieses Motiv wurde bereits mit Clathrin-vermittelter Endozytose in Verbindung gebracht. Die hinzugewonnene Endozytose könnte Krankheitsmechanismen erklären, da die Mislokalisation der betroffenen Transmembranproteine zum effektiven Verlust derer Funktion führen würde. Diese Hypothese wurde hier von verschiedenen in vitro und in vivo Experimenten bezüglich der P485L Mutation im Glukose Transporter-1 (GLUT1), die das GLUT1-Defizit-Syndrom hervorruft, bestätigt. Weitere Evidenz wurde außerdem für die Funktionalität anderer mutationsbedingter Dileucinmotive gewonnen. Die systematische Analyse von pathogenen Mutationen hat gezeigt, dass Dileucinmotive signifikant und spezifisch in ungeordneten zytosolischen Regionen von Transmembranproteinen überrepräsentiert sind. Dieser Peptidescreen macht das Potenzial unvoreingenommener Analysen zur Aufklärung von Krankheitsmechanismen deutlich, die von Veränderungen in Protein-Protein Interaktionen hervorgerufen werden.
Many disease-associated missense mutations prevent proteins from folding correctly and lead to loss-of-function. These mutations are often found in ordered regions of proteins. Another class of disease-related missense mutations can be found in disordered regions. These are thought to impair only specific parts of a protein’s functions. Those mutations could modify short linear motifs that mediate protein-protein interactions. Here, we designed a peptide-based interaction screen to identify interactions that are affected by mutations in disordered regions. We used synthetic peptides corresponding to the wild type and mutated protein regions spotted on cellulose membrane to pull-down interaction partners. This setup allows for the screening of more than hundred mutations at a time via mass spectrometry. Here, we focused on mutations implicated in neurological diseases. More than one-third of tested variant pairs show differential interactions. Three disease-related proline to leucine mutations in cytosolic tails of transmembrane proteins lead to gain of a dileucine sequence. Several dileucine-containing peptide motifs are involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Also in the presented screen, the newly created motifs mediate interaction with the CME machinery. This could explain the disease mechanisms since mislocalization of the affected transmembrane proteins would lead to their loss of function. This hypothesis has been corroborated for glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) P485L, causing GLUT1 deficiency syndrome. We were able to provide functional evidence also for additional gained dileucine motifs. A systematic analysis of pathogenic mutations revealed dileucine motifs to be overrepresented in structurally disordered cytosolic regions of transmembrane proteins. The data gained with the peptide screen highlights the power of differential interactome mapping as a generic approach to unravel disease mechanisms caused by changes in protein-protein interactions.

Der Transkriptionsfaktor CEBPA reguliert Differenzierung und Proliferation in verschiedenen Zelltypen und spielt eine herausragende Rolle in der Hämatopoese. Die CEBPA RNA kann in die lange P42-Isoform oder die N-terminal verkürzte P30-Isoform translatiert werden. Während P42-CEBPA differenzierungsinduzierend wirkt, ist P30 als Inhibitor von P42 und als Onkogen in akuter myeloider Leukämie beschrieben. Die Modularität und Multifunktionalität von CEBPA, die ihn zahlreichen Studien beobachtet wurde, lässt sich möglicherweise durch differentielle Protein–Protein-Interaktionen erklären. Zahlreiche post-translationale Modifikationen (PTMs) und die intrinsisch ungeordnete, flexible Struktur von CEBPA stellen jedoch eine Herausforderung für traditionelle Ansätze in Proteininteraktionsstudien dar. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein neuer, alternativer Ansatz präsentiert, der auf einem in vitro Proteininteraktions-screen auf einer Peptidmatrix (PRISMA) und Biotinligase proximity labelling (BioID) in lebenden Zellen basiert. In einem PRISMA-screen wurden 120 CEBPA Peptide auf Proteininteraktionen mit Proteinextrakt aus myeloiden Zellen untersucht. Im Screen wurden 40 verschiedene CEBPA PTMs inkludiert, unter anderem auch die hier erstmals neu beschriebenen Methylierungen der CEBPA Argininreste R12 und R142. Daten aus dem PRISMA-screen wurden mit BioID Experimenten in myeloiden Zellen validiert, um eine Proteininteraktionslandkarte von CEBPA zu generieren, die 52 bekannte und 68 neue CEBPA Proteininteraktoren umfasst. Hotspots für Proteininteraktionen fallen in evolutionär konservierte CEBPA Regionen und der Vergleich des Bindungsprofils mit publizierten Daten zeigt Ähnlichkeiten zu verwandten Transkriptionsfaktoren der CEBP Familie. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Multifunktionalität von CEBPA von multivalenten Proteininteraktionen in Abhängigkeit von PTMs koordiniert wird, um CEBPA mit dem epigenetischen und transkriptionellen Apparat der Zelle verknüpfen.
The pioneering transcription factor CEBPA plays a lineage-instructing role during haematopoiesis and also regulates proliferation and differentiation in many other cell types. The CEBPA RNA can be translated into a full length (P42-CEBPA) or N-terminally truncated isoform (P30-CEBPA). While P42 induces differentiation in various cell types, the P30 isoform is mostly regarded as a dominant inhibitor of P42-CEBPA and acts as an oncogene in acute myeloid leukaemia. Protein interactions may be the key to explaining the functional plasticity and modularity of CEBPA that has been demonstrated in diverse experimental settings. However, the disordered structure and the numerous post-translational modification sites (PTMs) of CEBPA pose a challenge to traditional protein interaction studies. In the present work, a novel alternative approach is presented that combines an in vitro protein interaction screen on a peptide matrix (PRISMA) with biotin ligase proximity labelling (BioID) in living cells. To this end, 120 CEBPA peptides were probed for protein interactions with PRISMA. The screen comprised 40 different PTMs, including newly identified CEBPA arginine methylation sites. PRISMA data was validated with BioID experiments and generated a detailed CEBPA protein interaction map in myeloid cells. The interactome presented here contains 52 known and 68 novel CEBPA interactors that can now be mapped across the CEBPA sequence in a PTM dependent fashion. Hotspots of protein interaction correlated with conserved regions and comparison with previously published data revealed related binding profiles of homologous CEBP regions. Taken together, the data indicates that the functional plasticity of CEBPs is orchestrated by multivalent protein interactions and PTMs to configure a dynamic CEBP hub that interacts with many partners of the transcriptional and epigenetic machinery.

Ce travail de thèse traite de la découverte de connaissances à partir de Séries Temporelles de Champs de Déplacements (STCD) obtenues par imagerie satellitaire. De telles séries occupent aujourd'hui une place centrale dans l'étude et la surveillance de phénomènes naturels tels que les tremblements de terre, les éruptions volcaniques ou bien encore le déplacement des glaciers. En effet, ces séries sont riches d'informations à la fois spatiales et temporelles et peuvent aujourd'hui être produites régulièrement à moindre coût grâce à des programmes spatiaux tels que le programme européen Copernicus et ses satellites phares Sentinel. Nos propositions s'appuient sur l'extraction de motifs Séquentiels Fréquents Groupés (SFG). Ces motifs, à l'origine définis pour l'extraction de connaissances à partir des Séries Temporelles d’Images Satellitaires (STIS), ont montré leur potentiel dans de premiers travaux visant à dépouiller une STCD. Néanmoins, ils ne permettent pas d'utiliser les indices de confiance intrinsèques aux STCD et la méthode de swap randomisation employée pour sélectionner les motifs les plus prometteurs ne tient pas compte de leurs complémentarités spatiotemporelles, chaque motif étant évalué individuellement. Notre contribution est ainsi double. Une première proposition vise tout d'abord à associer une mesure de fiabilité à chaque motif en utilisant les indices de confiance. Cette mesure permet de sélectionner les motifs portés par des données qui sont en moyenne suffisamment fiables. Nous proposons un algorithme correspondant pour réaliser les extractions sous contrainte de fiabilité. Celui-ci s'appuie notamment sur une recherche efficace des occurrences les plus fiables par programmation dynamique et sur un élagage de l'espace de recherche grâce à une stratégie de push partiel, ce qui permet de considérer des STCD conséquentes. Cette nouvelle méthode a été implémentée sur la base du prototype existant SITS-P2miner, développé au sein du LISTIC et du LIRIS pour extraire et classer des motifs SFG. Une deuxième contribution visant à sélectionner les motifs les plus prometteurs est également présentée. Celle-ci, basée sur un critère informationnel, permet de prendre en compte à la fois les indices de confiance et la façon dont les motifs se complètent spatialement et temporellement. Pour ce faire, les indices de confiance sont interprétés comme des probabilités, et les STCD comme des bases de données probabilistes dont les distributions ne sont que partielles. Le gain informationnel associé à un motif est alors défini en fonction de la capacité de ses occurrences à compléter/affiner les distributions caractérisant les données. Sur cette base, une heuristique est proposée afin de sélectionner des motifs informatifs et complémentaires. Cette méthode permet de fournir un ensemble de motifs faiblement redondants et donc plus faciles à interpréter que ceux fournis par swap randomisation. Elle a été implémentée au sein d'un prototype dédié. Les deux propositions sont évaluées à la fois quantitativement et qualitativement en utilisant une STCD de référence couvrant des glaciers du Groenland construite à partir de données optiques Landsat. Une autre STCD que nous avons construite à partir de données radar TerraSAR-X couvrant le massif du Mont-Blanc est également utilisée. Outre le fait d'être construites à partir de données et de techniques de télédétection différentes, ces séries se différencient drastiquement en termes d'indices de confiance, la série couvrant le massif du Mont-Blanc se situant à des niveaux de confiance très faibles. Pour les deux STCD, les méthodes proposées ont été mises en œuvre dans des conditions standards au niveau consommation de ressources (temps, espace), et les connaissances des experts sur les zones étudiées ont été confirmées et complétées
This PhD thesis deals with knowledge discovery from Displacement Field Time Series (DFTS) obtained by satellite imagery. Such series now occupy a central place in the study and monitoring of natural phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and glacier displacements. These series are indeed rich in both spatial and temporal information and can now be produced regularly at a lower cost thanks to spatial programs such as the European Copernicus program and its famous Sentinel satellites. Our proposals are based on the extraction of grouped frequent sequential patterns. These patterns, originally defined for the extraction of knowledge from Satellite Image Time Series (SITS), have shown their potential in early work to analyze a DFTS. Nevertheless, they cannot use the confidence indices coming along with DFTS and the swap method used to select the most promising patterns does not take into account their spatiotemporal complementarities, each pattern being evaluated individually. Our contribution is thus double. A first proposal aims to associate a measure of reliability with each pattern by using the confidence indices. This measure allows to select patterns having occurrences in the data that are on average sufficiently reliable. We propose a corresponding constraint-based extraction algorithm. It relies on an efficient search of the most reliable occurrences by dynamic programming and on a pruning of the search space provided by a partial push strategy. This new method has been implemented on the basis of the existing prototype SITS-P2miner, developed by the LISTIC and LIRIS laboratories to extract and rank grouped frequent sequential patterns. A second contribution for the selection of the most promising patterns is also made. This one, based on an informational criterion, makes it possible to take into account at the same time the confidence indices and the way the patterns complement each other spatially and temporally. For this aim, the confidence indices are interpreted as probabilities, and the DFTS are seen as probabilistic databases whose distributions are only partial. The informational gain associated with a pattern is then defined according to the ability of its occurrences to complete/refine the distributions characterizing the data. On this basis, a heuristic is proposed to select informative and complementary patterns. This method provides a set of weakly redundant patterns and therefore easier to interpret than those provided by swap randomization. It has been implemented in a dedicated prototype. Both proposals are evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively using a reference DFTS covering Greenland glaciers constructed from Landsat optical data. Another DFTS that we built from TerraSAR-X radar data covering the Mont-Blanc massif is also used. In addition to being constructed from different data and remote sensing techniques, these series differ drastically in terms of confidence indices, the series covering the Mont-Blanc massif being at very low levels of confidence. In both cases, the proposed methods operate under standard conditions of resource consumption (time, space), and experts’ knowledge of the studied areas is confirmed and completed

In dieser Seminararbeit skizziere ich den widersprüchlichen und ambigen Weg Hans Scholls beginnend mit seiner Jugend, dem Eintritt in die HJ bis zur inneren Abkehr und der Gründung der Weißen Rose. Dabei versuche ich nachzuweisen, dass die Entfremdung von der HJ durch die Struktur und innere Ideologie des Nationalsozialismus zustande kommt.:Für Führer und Vaterland - gegen Führer und Vaterland? Hans Scholls Weg von der HJ in den Widerstand. 1. Einleitung 3 2. Kurzbiographie Hans Scholl 4 3. Hans Scholls Weg in die HJ 5 4. Hans Scholl und die Entfremdung vom Nationalsozialismus 10 5. Konklusion 14 6. Literaturverzeichnis 16 Selbstständigkeitserklärung 17

碩士
國立屏東教育大學
中國語文學系碩士班
95
The Literary Activity of Chang Wen Hwuang and the Study on the Motif Implication of his Novel Abstract What Taiwanese indigenous literature inherits is the spirit of new-literature movement during the Japanese Occupation Period, while Chang Wen Hwuang occupies rather significant role in the pass-over and development in New Taiwan Literature Movement. The focus of research of this paper is to analyze the literary activity and creation process as well as the motif content and implication, and it is hoped that the study can help demonstrate the achievement and value of Chang Wen Hwuang and his novel, and the content of study can be found in 6 chapters: Chapter 1. Introduction: elaborate on the motivation and purpose of the paper, literature review, scope of research, and extracts of chapters. Chapter 2. the literary activity of Chang Wen Hwuang and his creation process: first, it would investigate “Taiwan Art Research Society” organized during his study in Japan and the publication of magazine “Formosa.” Then, the paper would explore “Chi Wen Soceity” he organized during the period of Japanese Movement and the publication of magazine “Taiwanese Literature” and later on his nomination to take part in “Great Far-Eastern Asia Scholar Conference. After WWII, his creation of novel has been interrupted for 30 years as of the social and economic chaos as well as adaptation to language barrier. In between, the paper would focus on the representative works and characteristic styles of his novel in each of the stages. Chapter 3. maintaining racial dignity – as reflection of colonial history during the Japanese Occupation Period: the paper would respectively focus on the issues of name-changing, volunteer military service system, dilemma of intellectual youth and the difficulty of unemployment, and problem of racial merge and the awakening of children during education process in the period of Japanese Movement for elaboration so as to affirm and recognize the efforts of Chang Wen Hwuang to maintain racial dignity. Chapter 4. sketch of stylistic hometown – preservation of scenario of Taiwanese village culture: with efforts to sketch and delineate the love and adoration of stylistic hometown, the persistent perseverance of farmer at the very bottom of society ladder, and the changes of farming village, the novel of Chang Wen Hwuang has made use a great lot of description to stand out how those little nobody of the society under colonial regime try so very hard to find a way to survive as well as affirming their cultural tradition. Chapter 5. Views and reflect on feminine issues – critiques on the paternalistic culture of traditional society: as a breakthrough of traditional woman image from Chang Wen Hwuang’s novel, one can discover ideal endowed to fall in love and get married as well as affirmation of women in their demonstration of themselves. Chang’s novel has unveiled the arrogance and backwardness of traditional paternalistic culture, and it is hoped that women can somehow come to to achieve and enjoy independence and gender equality. Chapter 6 Conclusions: it would sum up Chang’s literary activity and motif implication of his novel, and discuss the positioning and assessment of Chang in Taiwan’s literary history. Keywords: Chang Wen Hwuang, Formosa, Taiwanese literature, writer of genre painting, Great Far-eastern Conference

Dans un contexte de prévention secondaire, les interventions motivationnelles brèves (IMB) effectuées par les infirmières ont le potentiel de réduire les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires. De par sa flexibilité, la formation en ligne s’impose aujourd’hui comme une méthode pédagogique essentielle au développement des habiletés cliniques des professionnels de la santé. Le but de ce projet était d’évaluer la faisabilité, l’acceptabilité et l’effet préliminaire d’une plateforme de formation en ligne sur les IMB (MOTIV@CŒUR) sur les habiletés perçues et l’utilisation clinique des IMB chez des infirmières en soins cardiovasculaires. Pour ce faire, une étude pilote pré-post à groupe unique a été menée. MOTIV@CŒUR est composée de deux sessions d’une durée totale de 50 minutes incluant des vidéos d’interactions infirmière-patient. Dans chaque session, une introduction théorique aux IMB est suivie de situations cliniques dans lesquelles une infirmière évalue la motivation à changer et intervient selon les principes des IMB. Les situations ciblent le tabagisme, la non-adhérence au traitement médicamenteux, la sédentarité et une alimentation riche en gras et en sel. Il était suggéré aux infirmières de compléter les deux sessions de formation en ligne en moins de 20 jours. Les données sur la faisabilité, l'acceptabilité et les effets préliminaires (habiletés perçues et utilisation clinique auto-rapportée des IMB) ont été recueillies à 30 jours (± 5 jours) après la première session. Nous avons recruté 27 femmes et 4 hommes (âge moyen 37 ans ± 9) en mars 2016. Vingt-quatre des 31 participants (77%) ont terminé les deux sessions de formation en moins de 20 jours. À un mois suite à l’entrée dans l’étude, 28 des 31 participants avaient complété au moins une session. Un haut niveau d’acceptabilité a été observé vu les scores élevés quant à la qualité de l'information, la facilité d'utilisation perçue et la qualité de la plateforme MOTIV@CŒUR. Le score d'utilisation clinique auto-rapporté des interventions visant la confiance était plus élevé après les deux sessions qu’avant les sessions (P = .032). Bien que tous les scores fussent plus élevés après les deux sessions qu’au début, les autres résultats n’étaient pas statistiquement significatifs. En conclusion, l’implantation d’une plateforme de formation en ligne sur les IMB est à la fois faisable et acceptable auprès d’infirmières en soins aigus cardiovasculaires. De plus, une telle formation peut avoir un effet positif sur l'utilisation clinique d’interventions motivationnelles visant la confiance face au changement de comportement de santé.
Nursing interventions that target motivation to adopt healthy behaviors, such as brief motivational interviewing (MI), can help reduce cardiovascular risk factors. While face-to-face MI training lacks accessibility, e-learning use for MI training is promising because of the flexibility it offers. The objective was to assess the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effect of a web-based e-learning platform for brief MI (MOTIV@CŒUR) on cardiovascular nurses’ clinical use and perceived skill in brief MI. A single group pre-post pilot study was conducted to evaluate MOTIV@CŒUR with nurses working in a coronary care unit. The web-based e-learning platform consists of two sessions with a total duration of 50 minutes based on videos of nurse-patient interactions. In each session, a theoretical introduction of brief MI is followed by role playing based on real life clinical situations in which a nurse practitioner evaluates patients’ motivation to change, and intervenes according to the principles of brief MI. The clinical situations target smoking, medication adherence, physical activity and diet. Nurses were asked to complete both training sessions online within 20 days. Data on feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effects (perceived skills in brief MI and self-reported clinical use of conviction and confidence interventions) were collected at 30 days (± 5 days) following the first session. We enrolled 27 women and 4 men (mean age 37 ± 9) in March 2016. Twenty-four out of 31 participants (77%) completed both sessions in less than 20 days, and at one month, 28 had completed at least one session. The training was found highly acceptable, with information quality, perceived ease of use, and system quality scoring the highest. The score of self-reported clinical use of confidence interventions was higher after the two sessions than before the sessions (P = .032). While all scores increased from baseline, other results were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the implementation of a web-based e-learning platform for brief MI is both feasible and acceptable among cardiovascular care nurses. Moreover, it can have a positive effect on self-reported clinical use of confidence interventions towards health behaviour change.

碩士
國立中興大學
農業推廣教育研究所
92
Under the influences of societal and economic changes, teachers in agricultural vocational senior high schools must continue to pursue their professional development for the improvement of their teaching quality and to cope with the current curriculum reform. Meanwhile, along with rapid advances in the web-based technology, the web-based learning community has provided those in need with a more flexible and convenient alternative approach for professional development. However, the participatory motive of learners considered as the key promoting active learning of this specific approach is actually lack of related research in the literature. This study, therefore, emphasized on exploring the motive to participate in the web-based learning community for professional development among agricultural vocational senior high schools’ teachers via a case study method. Nine teacher cases were purposefully sampled and identified as appropriate for the current research because their experiences in participating in the web-based learning community are related to the professional development. Investigation was proceeded using the structured interview as well as semi-structured in-depth interview to collect data regarding cases’ participatory motive and factors affecting their motive. The study results concluded that the participatory motive of nine cases can be divided into five categories, including the drive deriving from the influence of human network, specific extrinsic pressure, self-awareness or introspection, specific incentive, and the effect of related regulation or policies. Furthermore, factors confirmed to result in influences on the motive can be classified as the following four types: (1)personal characteristics, such as information literacy and cognitive and learning style of these teachers; (2)contextual effects, such as network bandwidth of the Internet, availability of technology, establishment of specific professional web-based learning community for agricultural vocational senior high schools’ teachers, and influences of interpersonal relationship; (3)information communication, including the news, update, and advantages of the web-based learning community, and (4)existing opportunities and obstacle, such as attributes of the web-based learning community, advances in the web technology, and the instant feedback of the web-based learning community. In summary, the participatory motive of these agricultural vocational senior-high-school teachers and factors impacting their a motive were examined and asserted. Additionally, recommendations for practice and suggestions for future studies were also addressed, and offered to the authorities concerned, professional practitioners as well as researchers in the field.