Academic literature on the topic 'Wei li bao'

Introduction. Based on the analysis of Chinese scholars’ works in the field of area studies, such problem as the uneven development of the territory of China has been identified. Intense social and economic transformations in China at the end of the 20th century influenced the emergence of regional problems, the solution of which was possible only through the competent regional policy of the Chinese leadership. As part of the study of regional disproportionality, Chinese researchers highlight the characteristic features inherent in each of the provinces and autonomous regions of the Northeast, North, East, Central South, South West and North West regions of China. These research are based on the study of economic agglomeration, regional division and features of regional management. Methods. On the basis of the method of logical analysis, the features of the formation of regional knowledge in China within the framework of borrowing the theoretical and methodological base of Western European and American science of the region have been determined. The use of a systematic approach in the analysis of Chinese-language scientific literature revealed one of the key problems in the field of national regional studies of China, namely the problem of uneven regional development of China. Analysis. Analysis of Chinese-language scientific literature allows the author to identify four main groups of reasons: geographical, historical, cultural, economic, underlying the disproportionate regional development of China. The author analyzes scientific articles and monographs of leading Chinese scholars published not only in China, but also in the United States. The works of Chinese authors Bao Yuan, Wang Xuanxuan, Wei Yehua, Li Zhuni, Luo Yu, Lu Zunhua, Wu Peng, Hu Zhaoliang, Zhang Wei, Chiang Lexiang contain a comprehensive analysis of the imbalance of the socioeconomic development of China’s regions. Results. Results of this paper can be summarized in the following points: the study of the causes of uneven development of the territory of China will allow to more objectively perceive the origins of modern domestic regional problems in China and identify the features of the use of the results of scientific work of Chinese scientists in the formation of regional policy to eliminate socio-economic disproportion in the development of China.

The wave force dose not considered at the formula of mooring ship cable force in the Load Code for Harbor Engineering[JTJ215-98]. This brought the inconvenience to the calculation of designed cable force for mooring ship. By means of analysis for the laboratory model test result of mooring ship cable force under wave effect, Wave force formula of mooring ship under wave effect was gained. This formula well reflected the influence of ship size, ship load , ship rolling period, ship pitch period, wave period and wave height. The formula can be used in the calculation of standard value of mooring ship cable force under the wave effection, also it can be used to instruct the wave model test for mooring ship. References Zhang Ri-xiang. Liu Zhong-bo. Zhang Ning-chuan. 2003 .An Experimental Study on the Mooring Line Forces & Impact Forces of a Moored Ship Under the Combined Action of Wind,Wave and Current [J].,China offshore Platform, (01).15-18. Li Yan. Zheng Bao-you.Gao Feng. Meng Xiang-wei.2007.Model test study on the impact forces and mooring line forces of a moored ship under the combined action of wave and current [J].;The Ocean Engineering, (02).57-63. Ministry of transport of the People's Republic of China(1998).The Load Code for Harbor Engineering(JTJ215-98). [S]. Jiang Qing. Ge Hong-zheng.Xie Peng.2007.Influence of Ship's Type and Tonnage on the Ship's Mooring Force [J]. Port & Waterway Engineering, (09).51-59. Wu Xiuhuan. 1999.Ship and maneuverability and seakeeping [M]. Ministry of transport of the People's Republic of China. p220. Zhang Wen-zhong. Etc.(2006): Model test of Mooring LNG ship at Jiangsu Provence, Tianjin Port Engineering Institute Ltd. of CCCC.

Методом цитратной золь-гель технологии получен новый двойной борат рубидия–гольмия состава Rb3HoB6O12. Соединение кристаллизуется в тригональной сингонии (пр. гр. R32, a = 13.4038(7), с = 30.315(2) Å, V = 4716.76 Å3) и плавится инконгруэнтно при 818 °С. Попытки получить в однофазном состоянии Rb3HoB6O12 методом твердофазных реакций не привели к положительному результату REFERENCES Wu C., Yang G., Humphrey M.G., Zhang C. Recent advances in ultraviolet and deep-ultraviolet secondorder nonlinear optical crystals // Chem. Rev., 2018, v. 375, pp. 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2018.02.017 Bubnova R., Volkov S., Albert B., Filatov S. Borates – crystal structures of prospective nonlinear optical materials: high anisotropy of the thermal expansion caused by anharmonic atomic vibrations // Crystals, 2017, v. 7, pp.1–32. DOI: 10.3390/cryst7030093 Becker P. Borate materials in nonlinear optics // Mater., 1998, v. 10, pp. 979–992. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199809)10:13<979::AIDADMA979>3.0.CO;2-N Chen C., Li R. The anionic group theory of the nonlinear optical effect and its applications in the development of new high-quality NLO crystals in the borate series // Rev. Phys. Chem., 1988, v. 8, pp. 65–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442358909353223 Chen C., Wu Y., Jiang A., Wu B., You G., Li R., Lin S. New nonlinear-optical crystal: LiB3O5 // Opt. Soc. Am. B: Opt. Phys., 1989, v. 6, pp. 616–621. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.6.000616 French R. H., Ling J. W., Ohuchi F. S., Chen C. T. Electronic structure of b-BaB2O4 and LiB3O5 nonlinear optical crystals // Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 1991, v. 44, pp. 8496–8502. https://doi.org/10.1103/Phys-RevB.44.8496 Yusuke Mori, Ikio Kuroda, Satoshi Nakajima, Takamoto Sasaki, Sadao Nakai. New nonlinear optical crystal: Cesium lithium borate // Phys. Lett., 1995, v. 67, pp. 1818–1820. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.115413 Haohai Yu, Zhongben Pan, Huaijin Zhang, Jiyang Wang. Recent advances in self-frequency-doubling crystals // Materiomics, 2016, v. 2, pp. 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmat.2015.12.001 Bajor A.L., Kisielewski J., Klos A., Kopzyński K., Lukasiewicz T., Mierczyk J., Mlyńczak J. Assessment of gadolinium calcium oxoborate (GdCOB) for laser applications // Opto-electronics Review, 2011, v. 19, pp. 439–448. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11772-011-0042-2 Dan Zhao, Cong-Kui Nie, Ye Tian, Bao-Zhong Liu, Yun-Chang Fan, Ji Zhao. A new luminescent host material K3GdB6O12: synthesis, crystal structure and luminescent properties activated by Sm3+ // Kristallogr., 2018, v. 233, pp. 411–419. https://doi.org/10.1515/zkri-2017-2101 Dan Zhao, Fa-Xue Ma, Rui-Juan Zhang, Wei Wei, Juan Yang, Ying-Jie Li. A new rare-earth borate K3LuB6O12: crystal and electronic structure, and luminescent properties activated by Eu3+ // Mater Sci: Mater Electron., 2017, pp. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5501-6 Atuchin V. V., Subanakov A. K., Aleksandrovsky A. S., Bazarov B. G., Bazarova J. G., Dorzhieva S. G., Gavrilova T. A., Krylov A. S., Molokeev M. S., Oreshonkov A. S., Pugachev A. M., Tushinova Yu. L., Yelisseyev A. P. Exploration of structural, thermal, vibrational and spectroscopic properties of new noncentrosymmetric double borate Rb3NdB6O12 // Powder Technol., 2017, v. 28, pp. 1309–1315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2017.02.019 Atuchin V. V., Subanakov A. K., Aleksandrovsky A. S., Bazarov B. G., Bazarova J. G., Gavrilova T. A., Krylov A. S., Molokeev M. S., Oreshonkov A. S., Stefanovich S. Yu. Structural and spectroscopic properties of new noncentrosymmetric selfactivated borate Rb3EuB6O12 with B5O10 units // Des., 2018, v. 140, pp. 488–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.12.004 Sangen Zhao, Guochun Zhang, Jiyong Yao, Yicheng Wu. K3YB6O12: A new nonlinear optical crystal with a short UV cutoff edge // Res. Bull., 2012, v. 47, pp. 3810–3813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.05.062 Miriding Mutailipu, Zhiqing Xie, Xin Su, Min Zhang, Ying Wang, Zhihua Yang, Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf Janjua, Shilie Pan. Chemical cosubstitution- oriented design of rare-earth borates as potential ultraviolet nonlinear optical materials // Am. Chem. Soc., 2017, v. 139, pp. 18397–18405. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b11263 Li Yang, Yingpeng Wan, Honggen Weng, Yanlin Huang, Cuili Chen, Hyo Jin Seo. Luminescence and color center distributions in K3YB6O12 : Ce3+ phosphor // Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 2016, v. 49 (325303), pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/49/32/325303

The paper discusses the early days of translation in China which began with the translation of Buddhist texts from Sanskrit into Chinese. The article addresses one of the most difficult and dramatic periods in the history of translation activities, the era of Three Kingdoms (220-280). First efforts of the Buddhist missionaries in translating the Buddhist texts from Sanskrit into Chinese are poorly studied in the Russian science. The article aims to fill the gap. This goal sets the following tasks: (1) to analyze the translation activities in the kingdoms of Wei (220–265) and Wu (222–280) during Three Kingdoms period; (2) to show the place and role of the translators of these kingdoms in the development of the translation tradition in China; (3) to consider the quality of the Buddhist texts translations and their contribution to the development of Buddhism in China. The study shows that Buddhist missionaries who came to China from India and the countries of Central Asia during the Three Kingdoms period played an important role in the spreading of Buddhism. Their search for methods and tools to give the sense of Sanskrit texts in Chinese, which experience had had no experience of assimilation before Buddhism, prepared a fertile ground for the emergence in China of such translations of Buddhist literature that were able to convey the exact meaning of Buddhist teachings. The activities of the Three Kingdoms Buddhist texts translators reflected the rise of Indian Mahayana Buddhism and its texts formation. The article draws on bibliographic works of medieval authors: Hui Jiao’s “Gao Sen Zhuan” (“Biography of worthy monks”), Sen Yu’s “Chu San Zang Ji Ji” (“Collection of Translation Information about Tripitaka”), Fei Changfang’s “Li Dai San Bao Ji” (“Information about the three treasuries [during] historical epochs”), which figure prominently in Buddhist historiography. Also the authors draw on the latest Chinese research summarized in the monograph: Lai Yonghai (ed.). “Zhongguo fojiao tongshi” [General History of Chinese Buddhism]. Nanjing, 2006.

Objetivo: Esse estudo objetivou investigar percepções de estudantes de Odontologia quanto ao medo e à ansiedade em relação ao manejo de pacientes e ao risco de infecção por COVID-19. Materiais e métodos: Esse estudo transversal envolveu todos os alunos regularmente matriculados em Odontologia, no primeiro semestre de 2020, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Um questionário foi aplicado, coletando dados demográficos, nível de formação e perguntas relacionadas ao medo e ansiedade frente à pandemia de COVID-19. Quatro comparações de acordo com a fase da graduação (fase pré-clínica ou clínica), nível de graduação e pós-graduação e de acordo com os sexos foram feitas. Análises independentes para as comparações entre os sexos foram realizadas para os alunos de graduação e de pós-graduação (α<5%). Resultados: Foram incluídos 408 estudantes. Na graduação, mulheres relataram sentirem-se mais ansiosas ao realizar tratamento em pacientes com suspeita de COVID-19 (54%) e sentem mais medo ao ouvir que a infecção tem causado mortes (92,4%), na pós-graduação, responderam ser mais nervosas para conversar com pacientes em ambientes fechados em comparações com homens (P<0,05). Alunos em fase pré-clínica possuem significativamente menor receio (65,5%), ansiedade (32,3%) e nervosismo (28,3%) do contágio do COVID-19 quando comparados com aqueles na fase clínica. Conclusões: Mulheres e alunos na fase clínica apresentam maior ansiedade e nervosismo. Descritores: Ansiedade; Estudantes de Odontologia; Medo; Infecções por Coronavírus. Referências Chang J, Yuan Y, Wang D. [Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2020;40(2):171-176. World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19- 11 March 2020. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. Acesso em: 8 de novembro de 2020. Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, Bruno F, Del Buono R, Costa F, Scarlata S, Agrò FE. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med. 2020;288(2):192-206. Chen E, Lerman K, Ferrara E. Tracking Social Media Discourse About the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Public Coronavirus Twitter Data Set. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020;6(2):e19273. Iyer P, Aziz K, Ojcius DM. Impact of COVID-19 on dental education in the United States. J Dent Educ. 2020;84(6):718-722. Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine. J Dent Res. 2020;99(5):481-487. Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(1):9. Machado RA, Bonan PRF, Perez DEDC, Martelli Júnior H. COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on dental education: discussing current and future perspectives. Braz Oral Res. 2020;34:e083. Ataş O, Talo Yildirim T. Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and clinical education of dental students about COVID-19 pandemic. PeerJ. 2020;8:e9575. Deery C. The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for dental education. Evid Based Dent. 2020;21(2):46-47. Basudan S, Binanzan N, Alhassan A. Depression, anxiety and stress in dental students. Int J Med Educ. 2017;8:179-186. Elani HW, Allison PJ, Kumar RA, Mancini L, Lambrou A, Bedos C. A systematic review of stress in dental students. J Dent Educ. 2014; 78(2):226-42. Sahu P. Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff. Cureus. 2020;12(4):e7541. Ahmed MA, Jouhar R, Ahmed N, Adnan S, Aftab M, Zafar MS, Khurshid Z. Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(8):2821. Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, Carnaghi G, Faleri S, Trebbi E, di Bernardo A, Capelli F, Pacitti F. Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Riv Psichiatr. 2020;55(3):137-44. Mijiritsky E, Hamama-Raz Y, Liu F, Datarkar AN, Mangani L, Caplan J, Shacham A, Kolerman R, Mijiritsky O, Ben-Ezra M, Shacham M. Subjective Overload and Psychological Distress among Dentists during COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:5074. Rymarowicz J, Stefura T, Major P, Szeliga J, Wallner G, Nowakowski M, Pędziwiatr M. General surgeons' attitudes towards COVID-19: A national survey during the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak. Eur Surg. 2020;1-6. Adams JG, Walls RM. Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID-19 Global Epidemic. JAMA. 2020;323(15):1439-40. Naz N, Iqbal S, Mahmood A. Stress, anxiety and depression among the dental students of university college of medicine and dentistry Lahore; Pakistan. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2017;11(4):1277-81. Waqas A, Iftikhar A, Malik Z, Aedma KK, Meraj H, Naveed S. Association of severity of depressive symptoms with sleep quality, social support and stress among Pakistani medical and dental students: A cross-sectional study. Global Psychiatry. 2019;2(2):211-20. Wang Y, Di Y, Ye J, Wei W. Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychol Health Med. 2020;1-10. Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, Lui LMW, Gill H, Phan L, Chen-Li D, Iacobucci M, Ho R, Majeed A, McIntyre RS. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2020;277:55-64. Liu N, Zhang F, Wei C, Jia Y, Shang Z, Sun L, Wu L, Sun Z, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Liu W. Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287;112921. Terán E, Mayta-Tovalino F. Risk Factors, Self-perceived Stress, and Clinical Training among Dentistry Students in Peru: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2019;20(5):561-5. Uraz A, Tocak YS, Yozgatligil C, Cetiner S, Bal B. Psychological well-being, health, and stress sources in Turkish dental students. J Dent Educ. 2013:77(10):1345-55. Agius AM, Gatt G, Vento Zahra E, Busuttil A, Gainza-Cirauqui ML, Cortes ARG et al. Self-reported dental student stressors and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent Educ. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12409. Hu J, Zou H, Dai Y, Feng Z. How to keep students engaged in oral health education during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent Educ. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12420. Liu S, Yang L, Zhang C, Xiang YT, Liu Z, Hu S, Zhang B. Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):e17-8. Maia BR, Dias PC. Anxiety, depression and stress in university students: the impact of COVID-19. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas). 2020;37:e200067.

Relato sentimental de uma leitura dos Poemas Clássicos Chineses, tradução de Sérgio Capparelli e Sun Yuqi. Lançado em 2012, pela editora L&PM de Porto Alegre, Brasil. O livro contém uma tradução de três poetas máximos da Literatura Chinesa, a saber: Li Bai, Du Fu e Wang Wei (todos eles da dinastia Tang, séc. VIII d. C.). O livro dos tradutores brasileiros será tratado com múltiplas referências ao clássico de Lao Tzu (老子), o Tao Te Ching (道德經, séc. VI a.C.), e ao poema do escritor português Camilo Pessanha (1867-1926), “Ao longe os barcos de flores” (1899).

Two new species of the genus are described from Zhejiang, China in this paper. The new species Criotettix jinningensis sp. nov. is similar to Criotettix strivertexoides Zheng, Wei & Li, 2009, but differs in width of vertex narrower than diameter of eye; pronotum shorter, not reaching the end of hind tibiae; width of fore wing 1.3 times width of mid leg femur and hind wing not reaching the end of pronotum. The new species Criotettix pananensis sp. nov. is similar to Criotettix transpi-noides Zheng, Bai & Xu, 2012, it differs from latter by width of vertex narrower than diameter of eye; pronotum with parallel lateral keels and without a pair short longitudinal keels between shoulders; hind femur without projection in upper keel and hind wing extending over the end of pronotum. The type specimens are deposited in the College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China.

Introdução: A tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) consiste em um moderno sistema de imagens radiográficas criado especificamente para a análise do complexo maxilofacial. Devido às limitações apresentadas pelas radiografias convencionais, esse exame mostra-se de grande importância para o diagnóstico endodôntico, pois apresenta diversas vantagens como melhor qualidade de imagem, reconstrução tridimensional e as doses de radiação mais baixas. Objetivo: Enfatizar, por meio de um relato de caso, a importância da TCFC como método auxiliar de diagnóstico na localização de canais radiculares. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 25 anos de idade, procurou atendimento odontológico com queixa de dor à mastigação no dente 14, que já havia sido tratado endodonticamente há um ano e retratado há seis meses. Após realização de radiografia periapical, observou-se uma imagem radiolúcida envolvendo o ápice do dente 14. Diante disso, realizou-se uma TCFC, a qual revelou a presença de um canal não obturado. Com bases nos achados, optou-se por uma nova intervenção endodôntica em duas sessões, sendo que, na segunda sessão, a paciente encontrava-se assintomática e sem edema na região. Após um ano de proservação, a paciente não relatou sintomatologia dolorosa e nenhum sinal de infecção foi observado. Conclusão: Dessa forma, foi possível concluir que a TCFC constituiu-se como um método preciso para auxiliar no diagnóstico, pois permitiu a visualização de um canal radicular não instrumentado, além de permitir um melhor direcionamento do plano de tratamento.Descritores: Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico; Endodontia; Complicações Intraoperatórias.ReferênciasDurack C, Patel S. Cone beam computed tomography in endodontics. Braz Dent J. 2012;23(3):179-91.Falcão CA, Albuquerque VC, Amorim NL, Freitas SA, Santos TC, Matos FT, Ferraz MA. Frequency of the mesiopalatal canal in upper first permanent molars viewed through computed tomography. Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2016;29(1):54-9.Dalili Kajan Z, Taramsari M, Khosravi Fard N, Kanani M. Accuracy of Cone-beam Computed Tomography in Comparison with Standard Method in Evaluating Root Canal Morphology: An In Vitro Study. Iran Endod J. 2018; 13(2):181-87. Cardona-Castro JA; Fernández-Grisaies R. Root anatomy, a view from the microsurgery endodontic: review. CES odontol. 2015;28(2):70-99.Aminoshariae A, Kulild JC, Syed A. Cone-beam computed tomography compared with intraoral radiographic lesions in endodontic outcome studies: a systematic review. J Endod. 2018;44(11):1626-31. Li YH, Bao SJ, Yang XW, Tian XM, Wei B, Zheng YL. Symmetry of root anatomy and root canal morphology in maxillary premolars analyzed using cone-beam computed tomography. Arch Oral Biol. 2018;94:84-92.Rajasekhara S, Sharath Chandra S, Parthasarathy LB. Cone beam computed tomography evaluation and endodontic management of permanent mandibular second molar with four roots: A rare case report and literature review. J Conserv Dent. 2014;17(4):385-88. Shetty A, Hegde MN, Tahiliani D, Shetty H, Bhat GT, Shetty S. A three-dimensional study of variations in root canal morphology using cone-beam computed tomography of mandibular premolars in a South Indian population. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(8):ZC22-4. Ahmad IA, Alenezi MA. Root and Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Premolars: A Literature Review and Clinical Considerations. J Endod. 2016;42(6):861-72. Sagale AA, Ramugade MM, Ganga R. Endodontic Management of Mandibular Second Premolar with Type IX Canal Configuration Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography as a Diagnostic Aid: A Rare Case Report. Contemp Clin Dent. 2018;9(Suppl 1):S180-84. Martins JNR, Gu Y, Marques D, Francisco H, Caramês J. Differences on the Root and Root Canal Morphologies between Asian and White Ethnic Groups Analyzed by Cone-beam Computed Tomography. J Endod. 2018; 44(7):1096-104. Balakasireddy K, Kumar KP, John G, Gagan C. Cone Beam Computed Tomography Assisted Endodontic Management of a Rare Case of Mandibular First Premolar with Three Roots. J Int Oral Health. 2015;7(6):107-9.Ugur Z, Akpinar KE, Altunbas D. Maxillary first premolars with three root canals: two case reports. J Istanb Univ Fac Dent. 2017;51(3):50-4.Razumova S, Brago A, Khaskhanova L, Howijieh A, Barakat H, Manvelyan A. A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scanning of the Root Canal System of Permanent Teeth among the Moscow Population. Int J Dent. 2018; 2018:2615746.Pan JYY, Parolia A, Chuah SR, Bhatia S, Mutalik S, Pau A. Root canal morphology of permanent teeth in a Malaysian subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography. BMC Oral Health. 2019 Jan 14;19(1):14.Senan EM, Alhadainy HA, Genaid TM, Madfa AA. Root form and canal morphology of maxillary first premolars of a Yemeni population. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18(1):94.Fan L, Yuan K, Niu C, Ma R, Huang Z. A cone-beam computed tomography study of the mesial cervical concavity of maxillary first premolars. Arch Oral Biol. 2018;92:79-82. de Lima CO, de Souza LC, Devito KL, do Prado M, Campos CN. Evaluation of root canal morphology of maxillary premolars: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Aust Endod J. 2019;45(2):196-201. Ball RL, Barbizam JV, Cohenca N. Intraoperative endodontic applications of cone-beam computed tomography. J Endod. 2013;39(4):548-57. Kaur A, Logani A. Usefulness of cone beam computed tomography in perplexing endodontic cases. Endodontology. 2018;30:187-93.

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> While public participation in scientific achievements has a long history, the last decades have seen more attention and an impressive increase in the number of involved people. Citizen science, the term used for denoting such an attitude, is a very diverse practice, encompassing various forms, depths, and aims of collaboration between scientists and citizen researchers and a broad range of scientific disciplines. Different classifications of citizen science projects exist based on the degrees of influence and contributions of citizens. Haklay, Mazumdar, and Wardlaw (2018) distinguish the citizen science projects in three different classes:</p> <ol><li>Long-running citizen science, which are the traditional ones, the projects similar to those run in the past (Koboriet al., 2016; Bonney et al., 2009)</li> <li>Citizen cyberscience, strictly connected with the use of technologies (Grey, 2009) and which can be subclassified in:<ol><li>volunteer computing, where citizens offer the unused computing resources of their computers;</li><li>volunteer thinking, where citizens offer their cognitive abilities for performing tasks difficult for machines;</li><li>passive sensing, where citizens use the sensors integrated into mobile computing devices to carry outautomatic sensing tasks.</li></ol></li> <li>Community science, involving a more significant commitment of citizens also in designing and planning theproject activities in a more egalitarian (if not bottom-up) approach between scientists and citizen scientists(Jepson &amp; Ladle, 2015; Nascimento, Guimarães Pereira, &amp; Ghezzi, 2014; Breen, Dosemagen, Warren, &amp;Lippincott, 2015), which can be divided into:<ol><li>participatory sensing, where citizens use the sensors integrated into mobile computing devices to carry outsensing tasks;</li><li>Do It Yourself (DIY) science, which implies participants create their scientific tools and methodology to carry out their researches; </li><li>civic science, “which is explicitly linked to community goals and questions the state of things” (Haklay et al., 2018).</li></ol></li></ol> <p>The work presented here is of interest of community scientists which voluntarily offer their time for the development of scientific projects. Many software tools have been developed in order to simplify the insertion of data into structured forms and the aggregation and analysis of the obtained data. In recent years, the growing availability of feature-rich and low-cost smartphones have boosted the development of innovative solutions for data collection using portable devices. In this field, ODK (OpenDataKit) is widely known. It is an open-source suite of tools focused on simplicity of use, which includes an Android application for data collection. We used ODK for the first applications we developed.</p><p>One of the applications we developed using ODK is Via Regina (http://www.viaregina.eu/app). The application aims to support slow tourism in Via Regina, which is a road that overlooks the west coast of Lake Como in Northern Italy. Over the centuries, Via Regina has been a critical trade and pilgrim route in Europe. Moreover, from this road, a compact system of slow mobility paths departs, which span the mountainous region at the border between Italy and Switzerland. This region is rich in culture, regarding history, art, architecture, cuisine and people’s lifestyle. Considering collecting data on Via Regina and the paths around it would enable to rediscover and promote its culture while enjoying the territory, an Interreg project named “The Paths of Regina” started. The application developed within this project allows collecting data in predefined types: historical and cultural, morphological, touristic, and critical. Moreover, while reporting a point of interest (POI), the application asks the name, the position (through GPS or an interactive map), a picture, and optionally a video and an audio record of it (Antonovic et al., 2015).</p><p>However, since ODK application can be used only on Android devices, we developed a cross-platform application to collect similar data for the same purpose. It is available on Android, iOS, and web (http://viaregina3.como.polimi.it/app/). The application is developed using Apache Cordova, which is a mobile application development framework that enables running the application in multiple platforms. Leaflet library is used for web mapping. The data is stored in NoSQL PouchDB and CouchDB database, which enables both online and offline data collection. While reporting a POI, the application asks for its type, the user’s rating, a comment, and a picture of it either uploaded from device’s storage or taken using the camera of the mobile device. In addition to being cross-platform, it has the advantage of displaying and enabling the query of POIs reported, compared to the ODK-based version (Brovelli, Kilsedar, &amp; Zamboni, 2016). Regarding citizen science, besides the citizens using these two applications, Iubilantes, a voluntary cultural organization, has been involved in the project as community scientists. Iubilantes created slow mobility paths to walk in and around Via Regina, using their experience gained through studying ancient paths while protecting and enhancing their assets since 1996.</p><p>Mobile data collection can also be used to compensate for the lack of reference data available for land cover validation. We developed the Land Cover Collector (https://github.com/kilsedar/land-cover-collector) application for this purpose, which collects data using the nomenclature of GlobeLand30. GlobeLand30 is the first global land cover map at 30-meter resolution, provided by National Geomatics Center of China, available for 2000 and 2010 (Chen et al., 2015). There are ten land cover classes in the GlobeLand30 dataset, which are: artificial surface, bare land, cultivated land, forest, grassland, permanent snow and ice, shrubland, tundra, water body, and wetland. The collected data will be used for validating GlobeLand30 (Kilsedar, Bratic, Molinari, Minghini, &amp; Brovelli, 2018). The data is licensed under the Open Database License (ODbL) v1.0 and can be downloaded within the application in JSON format. The application is currently available in eight languages: English, Italian, Arabic, Russian, Chinese, Portuguese, French and Spanish. The technologies used are the same as the cross-platform Via Regina application. As a result, it is available on Android, iOS, and web (https://landcover.como.polimi.it/collector/); and it supports display and query of the collected data. While reporting a POI, the application asks the land cover class of it, the user’s degree of certainty on the correctness of the stated class, photos in north, east, south and west directions, and the user’s comment. Three hands-on workshops were given to teach this application and various ways to validate GlobeLand30: the first on September 1, 2018 at the World Bank in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (in conjunction with the FOSS4G 2018 conference); the second on September 3, 2018 at the Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development (RCMRD) in Nairobi, Kenya; and the third on October 1, 2018 at the Delft University of Technology in Delft, Netherlands. The workshops, run by representatives of the project's principal investigators &amp;ndash; Politecnico di Milano (Italy) and the National Geomatics Center of China (China) &amp;ndash; were attended by a total of 100 people with a background in GIS and remote sensing. (Brovelli et al., 2018).</p><p>Nonetheless, there are no widely adopted cross-platform open-source solutions or systems for on-site surveys that address the problem of information silos: isolated databases, where the information is not adequately shared but rather remains sequestered within each system, which is an obstacle to using data mining to make productive use of data of multiple systems.</p><p> PSAB (Participatory Sensing App Builder) is a platform that provides an open-source and easy to use cross-platform solution for the creation of custom smartphone applications as well as web applications and catalog service for publishing the data and make them available to everyone. It takes advantage of established standards (like XLSForm for defining the structure of the form and DublinCore for exposing metadata) as well as less known yet effective solutions, like WQ (https://wq.io), a framework developed for building reusable software platforms for citizen science. These technologies have been merged, together with other software like Django, PyCSW, PostgreSQL, in a single solution, in order to assist the user during the entire process, from the definition of the form structure, to the creation of an ad-hoc application and the publication of the collected data, inside a flexible and open-source platform.</p><p> Users registered to PSAB are allowed to create a new application by filling a web form where they can upload their XLSForm files and submit the metadata describing the data to be collected. A new application for collecting data on the field is generated and accessible via web and Android (while iOS requires a particular setup), ready to be used online and offline. The creator of each application is also the administrator of it, which means he/she is allowed to add or ban users and modify or remove existing data. Data is automatically synchronized between all the users participating in the project.</p><p> In the presentation we will show the applications we developed, starting from the ODK-based ones and coming to the PSAB application builder, and our experience related to their usage.</p>

COVID-19 Pandemic resulted in social mobility and travel restrictions to contain the infection. It has been reported that there happened post-pandemic surge in the use of the internet and social media as people rely on it more often for entertainment, work, and learning purposes. It is also been used as an unhealthy coping strategy for pandemic related stress. The smartphone was found to be the most common gadget used for accessing internet-based services. Owing to the postural alterations related to the small screen size of smartphones, neck pain was reported very commonly among smartphone users. Neck pain among smartphone users is a public health concern needing immediate attention in the pandemic time. Many of the risk factors leading to neck pain among smartphone users are modifiable. The authors outline preventive strategies that are mostly self- regulated. The strategies recommended include reducing Smartphone usage time (Smartphone-Free Time, Smartphone-Free Zone), maintaining ideal posture (Focus Breaks, Mobility Breaks, How am I keeping my posture?, Hands-free alternatives), doing regular exercises, preparing and following an activity schedule, and inculcating healthy habits. References Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O’Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, et al. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg 2020; 76: 71–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034 Király O, Potenza MN, Stein DJ, King DL, Hodgins DC, Saunders JB, et al. Preventing problematic internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Consensus guidance. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 100:152180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152180 Sun Y, Li Y, Bao Y, Meng S, Sun Y, Schumann G, et al. Brief Report: Increased Addictive Internet and Substance Use Behavior During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in China. 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On Saturday afternoon we travelled over to Tralee (Trá Li). It didn’t greatly appeal to us, but we didn’t get a chance to interact with it much. Tim and I caught a sliver – through the gates – of a hurling match, which was great. We saw the sliotar fly and someone scoop it on to their hurley and run with it. Tim was excited because he plays hurling at school and is a pretty full bottle on its history, teams, players and statistics. We drove over to Camp (under the mountains) and saw the bay – incredible wetlands/marshes and sandy beaches: a haven for birdlife....

The self is more than we consciously know. Neural and bodily processes of sensory experience, motor function, and emotive forces bind together to create the unity that is both the preconscious and conscious self. These sensate elements are governed by embodied schemata, a level of organization that binds subliminal sensory-motor-emotive processes with conceptual awareness in correlation with the worlds of our experience. Schemata internally structure metaphor by isomorphically creating correlations between its domains. The chapter first discusses the difference between the role of schemata that operate in everyday activities and behaviors and their role in the poetic arts. It shows how schemata bind the sensate elements of cognitive metaphoring in creating a poem as icon by revisiting Sylvia Plath’s poem discussed in the previous chapter, and two further poems by Li Bai and Elizabeth Bishop. The chapter ends by showing how schemata define the different poetics of Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost.

Craig M. Williams of the University of Queensland and John Tsanaktsidis of CSIRO Victoria decarboxylated (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 1944) the acid 1 to the hydrocarbon 2 by coupling the crude acid chloride, formed in CHCl3, with 3 while irradiating with a tungsten bulb. In a related development, David C. Harrowven of the University of Southampton showed (Chem. Commun. 2011, 46, 6335, not illustrated) that tin residues can be removed from a reaction mixture by passage through silica gel containing 10% K2CO3. Sangho Koo of Myong Ji University selectively removed (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 2682) the allylic oxygen of 5, leaving the other protected alcohol. Donald Poirier of Laval University reduced (Synlett 2011, 2025) the nitrile of 7 to a methyl group. Kiyotomi Kaneda of Osaka University prepared (Chem. Eur. J. 2010, 16, 11818; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 2986) supported Au nanoparticles that deoxygenated an epoxide 9 to the alkene 10. Epoxides of cyclic alkenes also worked well. Shahrokh Saba of Fordham University aminated (Tetrahedron Lett. 2011, 52, 129) the ketone 11 by heating it with an amine 12 in the presence of ammonium formate. Shuangfeng Yin and Li-Biao Han of Hunan University devised (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 17037) catalyst systems that reduced the alkyne 14 selectively to either the Z or the E product. Professor Kaneda uncovered (Chem. Lett. 2011, 40, 405) a reliable Pd catalyst for the hydrogenation (not illustrated) of an alkyne to the Z alkene. David R. Spring of the University of Cambridge established (Synlett 2011, 1917) biphasic reaction conditions for the conversion of 16 to the azide 18 that were compatible with the base-sensitive Fmoc protecting group. Noritaka Mizuno of the University of Tokyo developed (J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 4606) a Ru catalyst for the transformation of an alkyl azide 19 to the nitrile 20. Chi-Ming Che of the University of Hong Kong (Synlett 2011, 1174) and Philip Wai Hong Chan of Nanyang Technological University (J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 4894) independently oxidized an aldehyde 21 to the amide 22.

In the context of peptidyl ketone synthesis, Troels Skrydstrup of the University of Aarhus developed (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 1088) the elegant SmI2-mediated conjugate addition of acyl oxazolidinones such as 1 to acceptors such as 2. Sadagopan Raghavan of the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad reported (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 1601) that the addition of a Pummerer intermediate, generated by exposure of 4 to TFAA, to the terminal alkene 5 and SnCl4 led to efficient C-C bond formation, to give the sulfide 6 as a single (unassigned) diastereomer. Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl halides and triflates is a well-established process. Stephen L. Buchwald of MIT has now (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 2754) extended this transformation to much less expensive tosylates and mesylates such as 7. β-Amino acids have often been prepared from α-amino acids by Arndt-Eistert homologation. Geoffrey W. Coates of Cornell University has devised (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 3979) a more practical alternative, the direct Co-catalyzed carbonylation of an oxazoline 9 to the 2-oxazine-6-one 10. Eiji Shirakawa and Tamio Hayashi of Kyoto University also used (Chem. Lett . 2008, 37, 654) a Co catalyst to promote the coupling of aryl and alkenyl Grignard reagents with enol trifl ates such as 11. Alois Fürstner of the Max-Planck-Institut, Mülheim optimized (Chem. Commun. 2008, 2873) promoters for the Pd-catalyzed Stille-Migata coupling of iodo alkenes such as 14 with alkenyl stannanes such as 15 to give 16. It is particularly noteworthy that their system is fluoride free. The stereocontrolled construction of trisubstituted alkenes continues to be challenging. We described (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 1605) the facile preparation of the diioide 18 from the inexpensive 2-butyn-1,4-diol 17 . Sequential coupling of 18 with an aryl Grignard followed by CH3 Li delivered 19. Brian S. J. Blagg of the University of Kansas established (Tetrahedron Lett . 2008, 49, 141) that Still-Genari homologation of 20 with 21 gave (E)- 22 with high geometric control. Biao Jiang of the Shangahi Institute of Organic Chemistry reported (Organic Lett. 2008, 10, 593) a convenient alternative protocol to give ( Z )-α- bromo unsaturated esters.

Abstract It is of extreme importance to monitor and manage the battery health to enhance the performance and decrease the maintenance cost of operating electric vehicles. This paper concerns the machine-learning-enabled state-of-health (SoH) prognosis for Li-ion batteries in electric trucks, where they are used as energy sources. The paper proposes methods to calculate SoH and cycle life for the battery packs. We propose autoregressive integrated modeling average (ARIMA) and supervised learning (bagging with decision tree as the base estimator; BAG) for forecasting the battery SoH in order to maximize the battery availability for forklift operations. As the use of data-driven methods for battery prognostics is increasing, we demonstrate the capabilities of ARIMA and under circumstances when there is little prior information available about the batteries. For this work, we had a unique data set of 31 lithium-ion battery packs from forklifts in commercial operations. On the one hand, results indicate that the developed ARIMA model provided relevant tools to analyze the data from several batteries. On the other hand, BAG model results suggest that the developed supervised learning model using decision trees as base estimator yields better forecast accuracy in the presence of large variation in data for one battery.