Academic literature on the topic 'Weighing instruments industry'
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Journal articles on the topic "Weighing instruments industry"
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Hernández-Vásquez, José Daniel, Cristian Pedraza-Yepes, Ronald Barrios-Castillo, Mauro Castañeda- Escorcia, and Jorge González-Coneo. "Non-Automatic Weighing Instruments Calibration: Parametric Methods for Outliers Assessments." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 13, no. 5 (2020): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25103/jestr.135.20.
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In the experimental calibration processes, several error of measure can be obtained. Usually, these values are called as outliers. The outliers impact in the instruments’ metrological reliability and, consequently, in the industrial processes’ quality control. In specific terms, for mass metrology, the outliers are extremely critic, due to sensibility of technology used for this industry, i.e.: non-automatic weighing instruments (scales). The EURAMET/cg-18/v.02 is the international standard that defined procedure and tests for to assessment the metrological reliability of scales, however, a statistical treatment for outliers is not defined. In order to propose robust alternatives for outliers analyses, this work to evaluate parametric techniques for the elimination of outliers in the calibration of a Bernalo non-automatic weighing instruments (Capacity: 30.000 kg; Resolution: 0.001 kg). Three methods were applied in the analysis of experimental data: Dixon, Grubbs and Chauvenet. The results confirmed a reduction in the expanded uncertainty associated to mass measurement (k=2) up to: 17.6% (Dixon); 19.9% (Grubbs) and 35.2% (Chauvenet). According to the results and considering the contribution of work to applied mass metrology, the authors propose the inclusion of analyzes and evaluation of outliers in the EURAMET/cg-18/v.02. Thus, it is expected an increase in metrological reliability in mass measurement processes at the scientific and industrial sector.
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MOHD NOR, FAZRUL, ABD RAHMAN TAMURI, ABD KHAMIM ISMAIL, MOHD ERFY ISMAIL, and MOHD HASRIL AMIRUDDIN. "PENGUKURAN KETULENAN EMAS MENGGUNAKAN KAEDAH UJIAN TANPA MUSNAH: SUATU ULASAN PERBANDINGAN." International Journal of Creative Future and Heritage (TENIAT) 9, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.47252/teniat.v9i2.745.
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AbstrakPenentuan ketulenan jongkong emas dengan kaedah ujian tanpa musnah adalah perkara yang paling mencabar dalam industri emas terutama jika jongkong emas dipalsukan dengan cara meletakkan tungsten di dalamnya. Instrumen yang sedia ada mempunyai keterbatasan untuk menentukan ketulenan jongkong emas dan sukar untuk mengesan tungsten di dalamnya kerana tungsten mempunyai ketumpatan yang hampir sama dengan emas. Kajian ini mengemukakan keterbatasan instrumen kaedah ujian tanpa musnah seperti densimeter, alat timbangan, sinar-x pendarfluor dan ultrasonik. Dalam kajian ini menemui kesukaran untuk mengenal pasti emas palsu menggunakan instrumen kaedah ujian tanpa musnah seperti ultrasonik dan x-ray fluorescence (XRF) kerana instrumen ini mempunyai batasan. Setakat ini tiada lagi kajian yang berkaitan pemalsuan jongkong emas kerana harganya yang mahal untuk dijadikan sebagai sampel kajian. Masalah jongkong emas palsu dapat diselesaikan jika ketepatan instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur ketumpatan dapat ditingkatkan lagi sehingga 0.01 g/ml. Ini kerana perbezaan antara ketumpatan emas dan tungsten adalah 0.05 g/ml. Pemalsuan emas dengan mencampurkan tungsten akan dapat dikesan jika ada instrumen yang mempunyai ketepatan sekurang-kurangnya 0.01 g/ml. Manakala instrumen lain seperti XRF digunakan untuk mengesahkan ketulenan emas di bahagian permukaan sahaja. Oleh itu, bagi pengujian yang lebih menyeluruh masalah jongkong emas palsu ini perlu diselesaikan dengan menggabungkan kedua-dua kaedah ini.
Abstract
Determination of the gold bar purity by non-destructive method remains one of the most challenging in gold industry especially when the tungsten is inside the gold bar. The existing instruments have limitations in their accuracy to determine the purity of gold when tungsten also inside the gold bar since both tungsten and gold have almost similar densities. This study presents the limitations of the non-destructive test method instruments such as densimeter, weighing balance, x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and ultrasonic in determining the purity of gold. In this study found the difficulty in identifying counterfeit gold using non-destructive test method instruments such as ultrasonic and XRF due to some limitations. So far, there are no studies related to the counterfeiting of gold bars due to its expensive price to be used as a study sample. The problem of counterfeit gold bars can be solved if the accuracy of the instrument used to measure the density can be further increased up to 0.01 g/ml. This is because the difference between the density of gold and tungsten is 0.05 g/ml. Gold counterfeiting by mixing tungsten will be detectable if there is an instrument that has an accuracy of at least 0.01 g/ml. While other instruments such as XRF will be used to verify the purity of gold on the surface only. Therefore, for more thorough testing the problem of fake gold ingots needs to be solved by combining these two methods.
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Ibnu, Muhammad. "Sustainable Partnerships in Cassava Production and Industrial Sector: A Heckprobit Analysis of Indonesian Farmers." Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 5, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v5n2.2021.p155-166.
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<p>Partnerships are instruments to overcome the inability of individual smallholders to solve the development problems associated with agricultural sectors and commodity chains. While vigorously advocated, a sustainable partnership is rare in the Indonesian cassava production and industrial sector. Knowledge of partnership from the sector is also limited. This study explores the reasons for previous partnerships in the cassava production and industrial sector discontinued and examine what factors determine farmers' willingness to partake in partnerships. The study administered a systematic random sampling to survey for 140 cassava farmers in Central and East Lampung Districts from November 2018 to April 2019. Farmers were interviewed and given a structural questionnaire. The quantitative data were analyzed by heckprobit regression. The results of the study show that the partnership ends because the two parties do not have the same vision for working together. Various variables (barriers to selling to non-industries, low prices, inaccurate weighing scales, high transaction costs, and discounted prices.) indicate the complexity of farmers' considerations for joining the partnership. This research impliesthat it is difficult to create partnerships in the future if farmers and industry have different visions and priorities.</p>
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Fioletov, Vitali E., Chris A. McLinden, Debora Griffin, Ihab Abboud, Nickolay Krotkov, Peter J. T. Leonard, Can Li, Joanna Joiner, Nicolas Theys, and Simon Carn. "Version 2 of the global catalogue of large anthropogenic and volcanic SO2 sources and emissions derived from satellite measurements." Earth System Science Data 15, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-75-2023.
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Abstract. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) measurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) satellite spectrometers were used to update and extend the previously developed global catalogue of large SO2 emission sources. This version 2 of the global catalogue covers the period of 2005–2021 and includes a total of 759 continuously emitting point sources releasing from about 10 kt yr−1 to more than 4000 kt yr−1 of SO2, that have been identified and grouped by country and primary source origin: volcanoes (106 sources); power plants (477); smelters (74); and sources related to the oil and gas industry (102). There are several major improvements compared to the original catalogue: it combines emissions estimates from three satellite instruments instead of just OMI, uses a new version 2 of the OMI and OMPS SO2 dataset, and updated consistent site-specific air mass factors (AMFs) are used to calculate SO2 vertical column densities (VCDs). The newest TROPOMI SO2 data processed with the Covariance-Based Retrieval Algorithm (COBRA), used in the catalogue, can detect sources with emissions as low as 8 kt yr−1 (in 2018–2021) compared to the 30 kt yr−1 limit for OMI. In general, there is an overall agreement within ±12 % in total emissions estimated from the three satellite instruments for large regions. For individual emission sources, the spread is larger: the annual emissions estimated from OMI and TROPOMI agree within ±13 % in 50 % of cases and within ±28 % in 90 % of cases. The version 2 catalogue emissions were calculated as a weighted average of emission estimates from the three satellite instruments using an inverse-variance weighting method. OMI, OMPS, and TROPOMI data contribute 7 %, 5 %, and 88 % to the average, respectively, for small (<30 kt yr−1) sources and 33 %, 20 %, and 47 %, respectively, for large (>300 kt yr−1) sources. The catalogue data show an approximate 50 % decline in global SO2 emissions between 2005 and 2021, although emissions were relatively stable during the last 3 years. The version 2 of the global catalogue has been posted at the NASA global SO2 monitoring website (https://doi.org/10.5067/MEASURES/SO2/DATA406, Fioletov et al., 2022).
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Ijaware, Victor Ayodele, and Adebayo T. Adeboye. "Assessment of Spatial Prediction Techniques Accuracy for Elevation Determination in Akure South Local Government, Ondo State." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 5 (May 10, 2020): 550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.5.1805.
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The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is a cooperative effort between NASA and Japan's Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry (METI), with the collaboration of scientific and industry organizations in both countries. The ASTER instrument provides a more robust remote sensing imaging capability when compared to the older Landsat Thematic Mapper. This paper deals with the accuracy assessment of elevation data obtained using ASTER from each of the eleven (11) selected extrapolation/interpolation algorithms: Inverse Distance Weighting, Natural Neighbor, Spline Regular, Spline Tension, Universal Kriging, Empirical Bayesian Kriging, Topo to Raster, global (trend surface), local polynomial, kernel interpolation with barriers and radial basis functions in Digital Elevation Model (DEM) surface creation. The data were compared with reference to ground control points of differential GPS measurements in the study area. The error statistics were generated between DGPS measurements and Extracted elevation data from each selected interpolation method. It was observed that Spline Regular Interpolation shown the best overall accuracy of ±11.520m when elevation data extracted from Inverse distance weighting, Natural Neighbour, Spline T, Topo to Raster, Universal Kriging, Empirical Bayesian kriging, Global polynomial interpolation (GPI), local polynomial interpolation (LPI), Radial basis function and Kernel interpolation of ±15.170, ±14.340, ±12.336, ±13.551, ±14.707, ±13.711, ±15.363, ±13.964, ±13.590 and ±15.376 respectively when compared with elevation values from GPS method. The study recommends capacity building in the form of workshop, training, and flexible integration of point elevation data to DEM.
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Ijaware, Victor Ayodele, and Adebayo T. Adeboye. "Assessment of Spatial Prediction Techniques Accuracy for Elevation Determination in Akure South Local Government, Ondo State." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, no. 5 (May 10, 2020): 550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.5.1805.
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The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is a cooperative effort between NASA and Japan's Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry (METI), with the collaboration of scientific and industry organizations in both countries. The ASTER instrument provides a more robust remote sensing imaging capability when compared to the older Landsat Thematic Mapper. This paper deals with the accuracy assessment of elevation data obtained using ASTER from each of the eleven (11) selected extrapolation/interpolation algorithms: Inverse Distance Weighting, Natural Neighbor, Spline Regular, Spline Tension, Universal Kriging, Empirical Bayesian Kriging, Topo to Raster, global (trend surface), local polynomial, kernel interpolation with barriers and radial basis functions in Digital Elevation Model (DEM) surface creation. The data were compared with reference to ground control points of differential GPS measurements in the study area. The error statistics were generated between DGPS measurements and Extracted elevation data from each selected interpolation method. It was observed that Spline Regular Interpolation shown the best overall accuracy of ±11.520m when elevation data extracted from Inverse distance weighting, Natural Neighbour, Spline T, Topo to Raster, Universal Kriging, Empirical Bayesian kriging, Global polynomial interpolation (GPI), local polynomial interpolation (LPI), Radial basis function and Kernel interpolation of ±15.170, ±14.340, ±12.336, ±13.551, ±14.707, ±13.711, ±15.363, ±13.964, ±13.590 and ±15.376 respectively when compared with elevation values from GPS method. The study recommends capacity building in the form of workshop, training, and flexible integration of point elevation data to DEM.
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Liu, Honglei, Jiule Song, and Guangbin Wang. "Development of a tool for measuring building information modeling (BIM) user satisfaction – method selection, scale development and case study." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 9 (May 4, 2020): 2409–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-08-2019-0448.
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PurposeWith the increasing attention acquired from researchers and practitioners in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, building information modeling (BIM) has fundamentally changed the approach we design, construct and delivery, as well as operate and maintenance of buildings and civil infrastructures. This study tries to provide an innovative perspective on BIM research. This study aims to analyze the necessity and feasibility of BIM user satisfaction research and define what BIM user satisfaction is, and then to develop a quantitative method for the measurement of BIM user satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachAs it is indicated in the content, BIM user satisfaction is measured by the sum of the user's weighted reactions to a set of factors. To be specific, the entropy method was adopted to calculate the “weighting” of the factors, and the triangular fuzzy number (TFN) method was selected to compute the “scoring” of the factors. Through the literature review, methodology and tool development, as well as case study and discussions, this paper was generated sequentially.FindingsThis study found that the proposed tool for the measurement of BIM success is valid and reliable; it formerly translated the conceptual definition of BIM user satisfaction into an accurate measurement instrument. It also indicated that many factors are affecting the BIM users' satisfaction, and each of the factors inherited various importance and score, and the findings are expected to improve the performance and effectiveness of BIM management.Originality/valueThrough the translation of the conceptual BIM user satisfaction into a valid quantitative measurement instrument, this research provides an excellent framework for the management of BIM from the user's perspective, and it could help to stimulate user's acceptance of BIM in the AEC industry in future.
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Kunytska-Iliash, Marta V. "Assessing the Financial Security of Priority Sectors of the National Economy of Ukraine." PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 3, no. 53 (2022): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2022-3-45-51.
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The purpose of the article is to develop and approbate a methodical approach to analyzing the financial security of priority sectors of the national economy. The article emphasizes the relevance of considering the issues of economic and, in particular, financial security at the level of the sectoral economic system. The authors’ own methodology of analysis is developed and the weighting factors of indicators of financial security of agriculture, industry, construction and transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities of Ukraine are evaluated. The structure of financial security of priority sectors of the national economy, i. e., the investment, credit, debt, monetary, production and economic, system-structural components is determined and the weighting factors of indicators are evaluated according to these security components. This approach made it possible to identify the indicators with a lesser extent along with the indicators with a greater extent of an impact they have on the general condition of subindexes, and therefore determine the overall level of financial-economic security of priority sectors of the national economy of Ukraine. The integral values of financial security of priority sectors of the national economy of Ukraine for 2010-2020 were computed. The results of the assessment allowed to identify, firstly, the state of financial security of the analyzed industries; secondly, the dynamic characteristics of changes in the level of financial security of priority sectors of the national economy; thirdly, the measure of differentiation in the state of financial security among the analyzed types of economic activity; fourthly, to form conclusions regarding the factors influencing the parameters of financial security of priority sectors of the national economy of Ukraine; fifthly, to determine the strategic directions and develop a set of the State policy instruments focused on strengthening financial security, taking into account the existing specifics for agriculture, industry, construction and transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities of Ukraine. Prospects for further scientific research in the analyzed sphere relate to the formation of recommendations regarding the linking of the results of the accomplished analysis with the formation of actions in the field of strengthening the financial-economic security of priority sectors of the Ukrainian economy.
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Worschech, T., and T. Lützkendorf. "Future proof real estate companies through sustainable development of institutional building stocks – Basics and tools." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1078, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012114.
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Abstract The stakeholders and companies in the real estate industry are facing new challenges. They must react to megatrends such as climate change, resource depletion, shift in social values, demographic change and digitalization and at the same time comply with their responsibility to society and environment. In order to contribute to sustainable development and thereby ensure the future viability of the company, it is necessary to consider the social, environmental and economic impact of any business activities and decisions. Referring to the German market, a discussion will be based on the example of housing companies to show how sustainability aspects can be integrated into the instrument of portfolio analysis. The interactions between sustainability aspects resulting of the external business environment, the respective location characteristics, the building performance and the rentability and marketability as a success factor will be discussed. In this context, it will be explained how to react dynamically to a changing environment by using adaptable weighting factors and to local location and market requirements. As a conclusion, it will be discussed how the concerns of society, the cities (housing districts) and the tenants can be taken into account in addition to the economic interests of the housing companies.
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Nica, Elvira, Gheorghe H. Popescu, and George Lăzăroiu. "Sustainable Industry 4.0 Wireless Networks, Machine Learning Algorithms, and Internet of Things-based Real-Time Production Logistics in Digital Twin-driven Smart Manufacturing." SHS Web of Conferences 129 (2021): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112904003.
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Research background: The aim of this paper is to synthesize and analyze existing evidence on artificial intelligence-based decision-making algorithms, industrial big data, and Internet of Things sensing networks in digital twin-driven smart manufacturing. Purpose of the article: Using and replicating data from Altair, Catapult, Deloitte, DHL, GAVS, PwC, and ZDNet we performed analyses and made estimates regarding cyber-physical system-based real-time monitoring, product decision-making information systems, and artificial intelligence data-driven Internet of Things systems in digital twin-based cyber-physical production systems. Methods: From the completed surveys, we calculated descriptive statistics of compiled data when appropriate. The data was weighted in a multistep process that accounts for multiple stages of sampling and nonresponse that occur at different points in the survey process. The precision of the online polls was measured using a Bayesian credibility interval. To ensure high-quality data, data quality checks were performed to identify any respondents showing clear patterns of satisficing. Test data was populated and analyzed in SPSS to ensure the logic and randomizations were working as intended before launching the survey. An Internet-based survey software program was utilized for the delivery and collection of responses. The sample weighting was accomplished using an iterative proportional fitting process that simultaneously balanced the distributions of all variables. The interviews were conducted online and data were weighted by five variables (age, race/ethnicity, gender, education, and geographic region) using the Census Bureau’s American Community Survey to reflect reliably and accurately the demographic composition of the United States. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to test for the reliability and validity of measurement instruments. Findings & Value added: The way Internet of Things-based decision support systems, artificial intelligence-driven big data analytics, and robotic wireless sensor networks configure digital twin-driven smart manufacturing and cyber-physical production systems in sustainable Industry 4.0.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Weighing instruments industry"
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CHANG, YU-LUNG, and 張友龍. "The Study of Key Successful Factors for Business Models of Taiwan Weighing Instruments Industry－A Case Study of C Company." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n72f52.
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碩士東海大學
高階經營管理碩士在職專班
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Weighing instruments are the important measuring devices no matter in industry, busi-ness, or at home. Weighing instruments can be used on business trading, measuring resulting, inspecting and protecting environment, and servicing of health and medical. Therefore, weighing instruments are very important for people in each area. Every country establish regulations for weighing instruments, but thre are different require-ments in each country. Due to the users have higher requirements on the technology and weighing performance, Taiwan market of weighing instruments is almost monopo-lized by foreign manufacturers. For the field of weighing instrument, Taiwan started fairly late. No matter in produc-tion, quality, and technology, are all have obviously dispreancy with other countries. In Taiwan, weighing instruments manufacturers are progressively development based on OEM and ODM modes. Manufacturers develop own brand through continually accumulate experience on weighing instruments. The purpose of the study was to analyze the development process of weighing instru-ment industry in Taiwan and how to face the coming of standardized regulations in wordwild. Through the case study to research the company how to transform from OEM to OBM mode based on its management decision making, core competency, and key successful factors during different environment. Additionally, through the case study, we can find the company how to raise and innovate products values to ensure copany can stable growth. The paper can be reference and applied by the weighing instrument industry and other metrology areas.
Books on the topic "Weighing instruments industry"
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Schabowska, Krystyna. Lubelskie Fabryki Wag: Zarys dziejów, konstrukcje. Lublin: Politechnika Lubelska, 2010.
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Kowalski, Tony. Calibration in the Pharmaceutical Laboratory. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.
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Kowalski, Tony. Calibration in the Pharmaceutical Laboratory. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.
Find full textConference papers on the topic "Weighing instruments industry"
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Fritsch, Klaus. "GWP® - The Weighing Standard: Why We Should Challenge the Established Way We Calibrate and Test Weighing Instruments." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2013.35.
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In the pharmaceutical laboratory, weighing is only one step of a whole analysis chain in drug discovery and quality control; however it strongly influences the overall quality and integrity of the final result. Also in production, weighing is decisive to achieve batch uniformity and consistency, e.g. in dispensing or formulation processes. For the food industry, accurate weighing processes also act as an important contribution for two of its most demanding challenges: Increasing public health and consumer safety, and increasing productivity and competitiveness. The same or similar issues are also prevalent in other industries as the chemical, fragrance or automotive industry, and also apply for testing labs and companies focusing on contract research and manufacturing. Everywhere, accurate weighing is essential to ensure continuous adherence to predefined process requirements and to avoid a frequent source of Out of Specification results (OOS).This article introduces GWP®, the science-based global standard for efficient lifecycle management of weighing instruments. It consists of the selection of the appropriate weighing system based on the evaluation of the respective weighing process requirements, and provides scientific guidance to the user regarding calibration and testing during the instrument's lifecycle. Based primarily on the user’s weighing requirements and prevailing weighing risks, it provides a state-of-the-art strategy to reduce measurement errors and to ensure reproducibly accurate weighing results. The understanding of the particular weighing process requirements and important balance and scale properties as minimum weight is essential to select an appropriate weighing system in the framework of the design qualification. The performance qualification takes into account these requirements and risks to establish a specific routine testing scenario for the instrument. The higher the impact in case of inaccurate weighings, and the more stringent the weighing accuracy requirements are the more frequently calibration and user tests have to be carried out. However, for less risky and stringent applications, testing efforts can be reduced accordingly. Widespread misconceptions • specifically in respect to the definition of test procedures and the selection of appropriate weights for periodic performance verification • are critically analyzed. Based on scientific principles the user is guided on how to optimize his routine testing procedures and how to avoid unnecessary or even erroneous testing. Risk and life cycle management form an integrated part of the overall strategy of GWP® to bridge the gap between regulatory compliance, process quality, productivity and cost consciousness.
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Fritsch, Klaus. "GWP® - The Science-Based Global Standard for Efficient Lifecycle Management of Weighing Systems." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2012.22.
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In the pharmaceutical laboratory, weighing is only one step of a whole analysis chain in drug discovery and quality control; however it strongly influences the overall quality and integrity of the final result. Also in production, weighing is decisive to achieve batch uniformity and consistency, e.g. in dispensing or formulation processes. For the food industry, accurate weighing processes also act as an important contribution for two of its most demanding challenges: Increasing public health and consumer safety, and increasing productivity and competitiveness. The same or similar issues are also prevalent in other industries as the chemical, fragrance or automotive industry, and also apply for testing labs and companies focusing on contract research and manufacturing. Everywhere, accurate weighing is essential to ensure continuous adherence to predefined process requirements and to avoid a frequent source of Out of Specification results (OOS). This article introduces GWP®, a science-based global standard for efficient lifecycle management of weighing systems. It consists of the selection of the appropriate weighing system based on the evaluation of the respective weighing process requirements, and provides scientific guidance to the user regarding calibrating and testing weighing instruments during the instrument's lifecycle. Based primarily on the user’s weighing requirements and prevailing weighing risks, it provides a state-of-the-art strategy to reduce measurement errors and to ensure reproducibly accurate weighing results. The understanding of the particular weighing process requirements and important balance and scale properties as minimum weight is essential to select an appropriate weighing system in the framework of the design qualification. The performance qualification takes into account these requirements and risks to establish a specific routine testing scenario for the instrument. The higher the impact in case of inaccurate weighings, and the more stringent the weighing accuracy requirements are the more frequently calibration and user tests have to be carried out. However, for less risky and stringent applications, testing efforts can be reduced accordingly. Risk- and life cycle management form an integrated part of the overall strategy of GWP® to bridge the gap between regulatory compliance, process quality, productivity and cost consciousness.
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Fritsch, Klaus. "Calibrating Non-Automatic Weighing Instruments - Recent Developments with Regards to Global Harmonization." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2015.23.
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The metrology of measuring instruments is a critical component of any organization’s quality operations. The standout prerequisite for traceable and accurate weighing is the effective calibration of weighing instruments, covered under the company's quality management system. It seems, however, that not all organizations have a thorough understanding of current metrological science. Unless specifically addressed by metrologists, it is still a widespread belief that calibrating a weighing instrument mainly consists of placing reference masses on the weighing platform with the objective to assess the deviation between the indication and the mass value of the reference. Not everybody is aware that calibration is a process that establishes a relation between quantity values provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications, which is only complete if the contributing measurement uncertainties are taken into account. On a national level, there are manifold calibration guidelines for weighing instruments, which are based on the concepts described in the Guide of the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). However, on a global level, only one document remains: The EURAMET calibration guideline cg-18 "Calibration of non-automatic weighing instruments". This document is currently under revision and might also act as a basis for a possible development of a US calibration guideline. This article focuses on the EURAMET cg-18 calibration guideline and its recent revision, specifically highlighting its practical implications for applications in the laboratory and the production area. One appendix that is added to the guideline introduces the so-called "minimum weight", i.e. the smallest sample quantity required for a weighment to just achieve a specified relative accuracy of weighing. The concept of minimum weight was also introduced during recent developments in the regulated industry in regards to the revision of the USP General Chapters 41 and 1251, thus also putting emphasis on key properties of weighing instruments that strongly affect the quality of weighing results.
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Gumkowski, Greg, and Arnold Steinman. "Mitigating Electrostatic Effects on Measurement Accuracy." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2014.39.
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Electrostatic charge can have unwanted effects on the accuracy of instruments making precision weighing measurements. This paper will discuss electrostatic phenomena and their interaction with weighing operations. Charge is generated primarily by the contact and separation of dissimilar materials. If one of the materials is a conductor, charge can be quickly removed or even prevented by connecting the material to ground. In most cases, however, at least one of the materials will be an insulator or an isolated conductor. As contact and separation occurs throughout the weighing process, the materials involved are almost certain to be charged. A charged insulator is also capable of inducing charge on nearby isolated conductors. Examples of materials that may be charged include samples, transport media, and parts of weighing equipment or their enclosures. Once generated, the static charge affects both the instruments and the materials being weighed. Electrostatic forces interact directly with the mechanisms of weighing machines, making precise measurements in the microgram range all but impossible. Electrostatic forces of attraction and repulsion affect light weight sample materials, causing unwanted movement and losses during transfers, as well as the movement and clinging of unwanted particles to measurement surfaces. Measurement problems caused by static charge are not limited to weighing applications. Whenever small physical quantities or objects need to be measured, electrostatic forces can cause errors or unwanted movement of the object being measured. This is true for atomic force microscopes, force and mass measurements, and electrochemical measurements. Mitigation methods for static charge are well known in the electronics industry, as it is imperative to protect sensitive integrated circuits from the effects of static charge, both during manufacture and use. Grounding of conductive materials, replacing insulators with dissipative materials, and air ionization are the primary static control methods. Air ionization is of particular importance in weighing operations as equipment parts, samples or transport media are often insulators or isolated conductors. This paper discusses how static control may be applied in precision weighing operations, both in the equipment and in sample transport, to remove static charge and improve the accuracy and repeatability of measurements.
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Angelova, Ivana. "Building moratorium as a future instrument for tackling unsustainable urban growth." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/ftam9222.
Full textAbstract:
We live in times when our planet is overloaded with issues coming from human activities where additional mechanisms to preserve the quality of life are essential. Modern societies experience constant internal dynamics. The uncontrolled urban growth leading to dense and unmanageable environment is a main urban issue cities face today. This is a prevailing problem in the developing countries where the construction industry is booming. Overall, while there is a rush to development there are also some conflicting interests and policies that are leading to unsustainable urban growth. To regulate a property development a local government can try to impose a moratorium on the issuance of building permits and this can be agreed upon all the interest parties or it may be imposed by operation of law (Lehman and Phelps, 2005). Oftentimes local authorities will impose a building moratorium to tackle development in order to have time to make a satisfactory urban plan or to make some changes and update the regulations. The land use control objective is to promote good planning values supported by the whole community. This is done by regulating the urban growth and it is best implemented on a carefully contemplated comprehensive plan. During a time a new plan is being drafted and growth balance is achieved some construction demand may arise based on an existing outdated, inadequate urban plan. If this demands are met “the ultimate worth of the eventual plan could be undermined” and this where the moratorium comes in place (Coon, 2010). The resources of academic literature on the case are somewhat in short supply and mainly based on describing specific case scenarios without a critical thought on the tool itself. Based on the resources the paper will look at a few different cases in developed countries using the growth management systems and one southeast european case - the city of Skopje, Macedonia that adopted the building moratorium system in January 2018. The author of this paper was personally involved in the decision making process in that time and will try to elaborate on how the tool was being used. The validity should be determined by weighing its impact on the affected parties and more comprehensive research in the economic repercussions of the mechanism is needed. A building moratorium is oftentimes a political decision and it's downside is that political parties would use it merely for their own purposes.