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Journal articles on the topic 'Weighing of trucks'
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1
Sugara, Alpha Rabbi, Ahmad Taqwa, and Abdul Rakhman. "Implementasi Internet of Things Pada Alat Penimbangan Muatan Truk Berbasis RFID." Jurasik (Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi dan Teknik Informatika) 4, no. 1 (July 17, 2019): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.30645/jurasik.v4i1.127.
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In the world of transportation, weigh bridges have important funding for freight transport fleets, one of which is trucks. The higher the distribution of goods that occur, the more trucks that exceed the maximum load circulate on the highway.. Control of truck load control at weigh bridges is still not optimal because it is still recording cargo manually. As a result, traffic jams and illegal collections often occur around weigh stations. From the above problems, a tool that can automatically load RFID-based trucks using a load cell sensor is made, the process of paying truck loads that exceeds the maximum load using E-Money and the weighing data of trucks will be sent directly to government stakeholders using the Internet method of Things (IoT) in order to make it easier for officers at weigh stations to do work. This weighing device uses a Raspberry pi microcontroller as a sensor controller and RFID as a truck detector.
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Benekohal, Rahim F., Yoassry M. El-Zohairy, and Stanley Wang. "Truck Travel Time Around Weigh Stations: Effects of Weigh in Motion and Automatic Vehicle Identification Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1716, no. 1 (January 2000): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1716-16.
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Weigh in motion (WIM) technology may provide an efficient and cost-effective complement to static weighing. An evaluation of the effectiveness of an automated bypass system around a weigh station in Illinois is presented. The system combines the use of automatic vehicle identification (AVI), high-speed weigh in motion (HSWIM), and low-speed weigh in motion (LSWIM) technologies to facilitate preclearance for trucks at the weigh station. The preinstallation conditions were compared with post-installation conditions of WIM/AVI so that the effects and benefits of the system could be evaluated. During preinstallation, average delay was 4.9 min/truck, and 7 percent of trucks had delays of more than 10 min. The station was intermittently closed to prevent the truck queue from backing up onto the Interstate highway, allowing 15 to 51 percent of trucks to bypass the station without being weighed. In postinstallation, the delay for trucks equipped with transponder and allowed to bypass on the freeway was reduced by 4.17 min. The delay for trucks equipped with transponders and allowed to bypass inside the weigh station was reduced by 2.02 min. The delay for trucks that reported to the weigh station decreased by 1.25 min. On the other hand, less than 1 percent of trucks that have been observed in after-study were able to bypass on the freeway. With greater numbers of trucks being checked, fewer trucks on the road may exceed the allowable weight limits. Consequently, electronic screening minimizes road deterioration and risks to public safety and levels the playing field for illegally operating carriers and carriers who operate in compliance with the law.
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Rufolo, Anthony M., Lois Bronfman, and Eric Kuhner. "Effect of Oregon’s Axle-Weight-Distance Tax Incentive." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1732, no. 1 (January 2000): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1732-08.
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Oregon’s weight-mile tax was amended in 1990 to provide for a lower tax rate for trucks weighing more than 36 320 kg (80,000 lb) to which axles were added. The additional axles within a weight class reduce the amount of road damage. The tax break was largely based on equity considerations, since trucks within a weight class tend to do less road damage if they have more axles. However, the tax reductions also created an economic incentive to add axles and thus reduce road damage. Whether the tax break actually led to an increase in the number of axles within weight classes and a reduction in the amount of road damage is investigated. Statistical data indicate that a small increase occurred in the number of axles in most weight classes and a large increase occurred in mileage by the heaviest trucks with the most axles. These increases reduced the damage per ton shipped on trucks subject to the axle incentive, but to determine if this was due to the weight-mile tax is not possible. A series of structured interviews supplemented the statistical analysis and indicates that the tax incentive is not a major determinant of truck configuration. One reason for this is that regulatory constraints, particularly weight limits, limit the effectiveness of the tax incentives.
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Dmitriyev, M. S., M. L. Khasanova, and A. V. Raznoshinskaya. "Substantiation of Hydraulic System for Weighing Freights Transported with Dump Trucks." Procedia Engineering 206 (2017): 1604–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.10.685.
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Vargas-Sobrado, Ana, Luis Rodríguez-Solano, José Aguiar-Moya, Henry Hernández-Vega, and Luis Loría-Salazar. "Truck Weights on Municipal and National Roads without Weight Enforcement." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 2 (February 2019): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119828283.
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One of the main causes of premature deterioration in pavement structures is overweight heavy vehicles. To characterize these vehicles, real loads of motor vehicles of more than four tons should be monitored, especially vehicles classified as C2 (2-axles, single units), C3 (3-axles, single units), T3-S2 (5-axles, single trailer) and T3-S3 (6-axles, single trailer) type, as they represent 99.5% of the Costa Rican truck fleet. This study includes six temporal weighing surveys on municipal roads and seven weighing surveys on national roads, comprising the weight of 525 and 554 trucks, respectively. On municipal roads, C2 vehicles with bulk and wagon body types are predominant (67% of surveyed vehicles), whereas on national routes T3-S2 vehicles predominate (42%). Likewise, it was determined that most of exceeding data correspond to vehicles transporting pit material, construction materials, and merchandise on both types of roads. Compared with municipal roads (8%), the percentage of overweight vehicles is more than twice that on national roads (18%) where weight regulations are not enforced. To estimate updated and realistic load data that can be included in pavement design manuals and guides, the same results are provided in parameters such as truck factors and load spectra.
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Algohi, B., B. Bakht, H. Khalid, A. Mufti, and J. Regehr. "Some observations on BWIM data collected in Manitoba." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 47, no. 1 (January 2020): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0389.
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Three highway bridges in the Canadian province of Manitoba are being monitored continuously not only for their long-term performance but also for bridge weighing-in-motion (BWIM). Data collected for the BWIM study has led to some observations that have far-reaching consequences about the design and evaluation loads for highway bridges. This paper presents the well-known concept of equivalent base length, Bm, as a useful tool for comparing trucks with different axle weight and spacing configurations as they influence load effects in all bridges. It is discussed that the statistics of gross vehicle weights (GVWs), W, collected over a one-month period is not significantly different from that for the GVW data collected over a longer period. A rational method concludes that the value of W for the CL-W Truck, the design live load specified by the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, is 555 kN for Manitoba. The observed truck data in Manitoba presented on the W–Bm space is found to be similar to that collected in the Canadian province of Ontario more than four decades ago. It was also found that the multi-presence factors, accounting for the presence of side-by-side trucks in two-lane bridges, specified in North American bridge design and evaluation codes are somewhat conservative.
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Krosch, S., G. C. Wright, S. Ashcroft, and P. Shanahan. "An accurate and mobile weigh bin for peanuts." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 4 (2002): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00167.
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The design of a mobile weigh bin for use in field trials is described. The bin is designed for accurate weighing of peanut yield (pods) from large-scale (1 t) on-farm trials. It can be used with most commercially available peanut threshers and unloads pods quickly into transport trucks, resulting in minimal delay to a farmer's harvesting program.
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Brändli, Urs-Beat, Christoph Fischer, and Paolo Camin. "Stand der Walderschliessung mit Lastwagenstrassen in der Schweiz." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 167, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2016.0143.
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Status of the forest transportation system in Switzerland with regard to roads for trucks Questions concerning the best possible forest transportation system have once again grown in significance as a result of technological developments and the current situation in the forestry and timber industry. For more than 30 years, the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI) has periodically recorded the condition of and changes to the forest road network. NFI4 first incorporated attributes for trafficability according to types of truck in 2013/2014, thus making possible to conduct differentiated analyses of the status of the forest transportation system. Between 1985 and 1995, 280 kilometres of new forest roads were laid every year, while only 26 kilometres of road were laid per year from 2006 to 2013 (12 km in protection forests, 14 km in other forests). In contrast, road redevelopment (reengineering) has increased, with 30 kilometres of road currently being redeveloped every year. 84% of the forest roads included in the NFI can be accessed by four-axle trucks weighing 28 to 32 tonnes in total, while 72% are suitable for five- and six-axle truck sets with a total weight of 40 to 44 tonnes. There are considerably fewer of these roads in protection forests than in other forests. The road density in Switzerland for 28- to 32-tonne trucks totals on average 22 metres/hectare, though this varies widely from region to region (ranging from 2 to 57 metres/hectare in production regions and from 0 to 84 metres/hectare in forested areas). Based on harvesting methods currently applied at local level and the corresponding optimum and maximum transport distances, 46% of useable forested areas in Switzerland is good, 29% is moderately good, and 25% is poor or undeveloped. The percentage of poor or undeveloped forests is highest in the Alps (44%) and the south side of the Alps (53%). In the Alpine foothills the percentage of poor or undeveloped forests is 13%, in the Jura Mountains 5% and on the Plateau 2%. A current study of the Swiss Federal Institute WSL is striving to determine the potential scale of the need for transportation systems in the future upon application of the best harvesting methods.
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Xiong, Haocheng, and Yinning Zhang. "Feasibility Study for Using Piezoelectric-Based Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) System on Public Roadway." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (July 31, 2019): 3098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153098.
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Weigh-in-Motion system has been the primary selection of U.S. government agencies as the weighing enforcement for decades to protect the road pavement. In recent years, the number of trucks has increased by about 40% and in 2017, they travel 25% more annually than in 2016. The lack of the budget has slowed down the expansion of weighing enforcement to catch up with the growing workload of vehicle weighing. Unsupervised pavement section suffers more pavement damage and increased repairing cost. In this work, a piezoelectric material based WIM system (P-WIM) is developed. Such a system consists of several piezoelectric material disks that are capable of generating characteristic voltage output from passing vehicles. The axle loading of the vehicle can be determined by analyzing the voltage generated from the P-WIM. Compared to traditional WIM system, P-WIM requires nearly zero maintenance and costs 80% less on capital investment and less labor and effort to integrate. To evaluate the feasibility of this technology to serve as weighing enforcement on public roadways, prototype P-WIMs are fabricated and installed at a weigh station. The vehicle loading information provided by the weigh station is used to determine the force transmission percentage of the installed P-WIMs, which is an important parameter to determine the vehicles’ axle loading by generated voltage.
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OBrien, Eugene J., Longwei Zhang, Hua Zhao, and Donya Hajializadeh. "Probabilistic bridge weigh-in-motion." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 45, no. 8 (August 2018): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2017-0508.
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Conventional bridge weigh-in-motion (BWIM) uses a bridge influence line to find the axle weights of passing vehicles that minimize the sum of squares of differences between theoretical and measured responses. An alternative approach, probabilistic bridge weigh-in-motion (pBWIM), is proposed here. The pBWIM approach uses a probabilistic influence line and seeks to find the most probable axle weights, given the measurements. The inferred axle weights are those with the greatest probability amongst all possible combinations of values. The measurement sensors used in pBWIM are similar to BWIM, containing free-of-axle detector sensors to calculate axle spacings and vehicle speed and weighing sensors to record deformations of the bridge. The pBWIM concept is tested here using a numerical model and a bridge in Slovenia. In a simulation, 200 randomly generated 2-axle trucks pass over a 6 m long simply supported beam. The bending moment at mid-span is used to find the axle weights. In the field tests, 77 pre-weighed trucks traveled over an integral slab bridge and the strain response in the soffit at mid-span was recorded. Results show that pBWIM has good potential to improve the accuracy of BWIM.
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Papagiannakis, A. T., K. Senn, and H. Huang. "On-Site Calibration Evaluation Procedures for WIM Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1536, no. 1 (January 1996): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153600101.
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The feasibility of two methods for evaluating and calibrating weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems is explored. The first method uses a combination of test trucks and vehicle simulation models. The computer model VESYM was used for the simulations. The models for the test trucks were calibrated using acceleration measurements on board the vehicles. Although, this approach does not allow calculation of the discrete value of the dynamic axle load over WIM sensors, it can be used effectively in establishing the extent of variation at a particular WIM site. This information leads to an effective WIM system calibration method. The second method for calibrating WIM systems compares static and dynamic axle loads of vehicles through automatic vehicle identification (AVI). The AVI facilities developed for the Heavy Vehicle Electronic License Plate project on the I-5 corridor was used for this purpose. The static axle load of AVI-equipped vehicles was obtained from the Oregon Department of Transportation for two sites, Woodburn southbound and Ashland northbound. The WIM load data were obtained from Lockheed IMS for all the AVI-equipped WIM systems on the I-5 corridor. The data were analyzed to match AVI numbers, dates, and times of weighing. Time limits for traveling between sites were established to ensure that trucks could not stop and load or unload cargo between sites. Errors were calculated as the percentage difference between WIM and static loads for individual axles and axle groups. Calibration factors were derived to minimize the residual sum of squares of the errors.
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O'Connor, Alan, and Eugene J. O'Brien. "Traffic load modelling and factors influencing the accuracy of predicted extremes." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l04-092.
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Design and assessment of highway bridges requires accurate prediction of the extreme load effects expected during the proposed or remaining life of the structure. Traditionally these effects are calculated using conservative codified deterministic loading models. While this conservatism is relatively insignificant in design, it may be critical in assessment. Advances in weigh-in-motion (WIM) technology, i.e., the process of weighing trucks travelling at full highway speeds, have increased the availability of accurate and unbiased site-specific traffic records. Assessments performed using WIM data are generally accepted as less conservative than those performed using generalized codified loading models. This paper briefly describes traffic simulation using WIM statistics. The implications of the accuracy of the recorded data and the duration of recording and of the sensitivity of the extreme to the method of prediction are investigated. Traffic evolution with time is also explored. The conclusions are of interest to engineers performing assessment of existing bridges.Key words: bridge, load effects, characteristic values, simulation, traffic flow, Monte Carlo, weigh-in-motion.
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Li, Yiqiao, Andre Y. C. Tok, and Stephen G. Ritchie. "Individual Truck Speed Estimation from Advanced Single Inductive Loops." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (April 8, 2019): 272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119841289.
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Trucks are an essential element in freight movements, transporting 73% of freight tonnage among all modes. However, they are also associated with severe adverse impacts on roadway congestion, safety, and air pollution. Truck speed by truck body types has been considered as an indicator of traffic conditions and roadway emissions. Even though vehicle speed estimation has been researched for decades, there exists a gap in estimating truck speeds particularly at the individual vehicle level. The wide diversity of vehicle lengths associated with trucks makes it especially challenging to estimate truck speeds from conventional inductive loop detector data. This paper presents a new speed estimation model which uses detailed vehicle signature data from single inductive loop sensors equipped with advanced detectors to provide accurate truck speed estimates. This model uses new inductive signature features that show a strong correlation with truck speed. A modified feature weighting K-means algorithm was used to cluster vehicle length related features into 16 specific groups. Individual vehicle speed regression models were then developed within each cluster. Finally, a multi-layer perceptron neural network model was used to assign single loop signatures to the pre-determined speed related clusters. The new model delivered promising estimation results on both a truck-focused dataset and a general traffic dataset.
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Zhao, Yan Jun, and Cheng Bin Gao. "Truck Scale Remote Weighing Monitoring System Based on WEB." Applied Mechanics and Materials 473 (December 2013): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.473.171.
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Truck scale can be on-line monitor cargo weight, so it is widely used in weighing. The requirements and the basic composition of the truck scale weighing monitoring system is introduced. The requirement analysis of the truck scale weighing monitoring system is carried through and the functions of the weighing monitoring system are detailed analyzed. The network monitoring system architecture and software architecture is designed. Truck scale weighing monitoring system is analyzed using UML and the Use Case diagram is given. The truck scale weighing monitoring system is designed. The experimental results show that truck scale weighing monitoring system has good openness and security and can improve the enterprise efficiency.
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Zhao, Yan Jun, and Cheng Bin Gao. "Truck Scale Remote Weighing System of the Enterprise With Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 473 (December 2013): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.473.180.
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Truck scale is widely used in weighing cargo weight. To monitoring truck scale, truck scale remote weighing method based on the GPRS and CAN bus is brought out and the on-line weighing monitoring system is designed. The weighing monitoring system includes truck scale weighing system, the control center monitoring system and the remote weighing monitoring system. The cargo weight is collected by the weighing system and sent to the control center monitoring system through CAN. The remote weighing monitoring system receives the cargo weight through GPRS. The experiment system is built. The experiment result indicates that truck scale remote weighing system can monitoring the cargo weight and improves the system security and accuracy and the communication efficiency.
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Andarwan, Arief. "INTEGRASI RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID) DAN HAULING TRACKING SYSTEM (HTS) DALAM OPTIMASI OPERASIONAL PENGANGKUTAN DAN PENCAMPURAN BATUBARA PT ADARO INDONESIA." Prosiding Temu Profesi Tahunan PERHAPI 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36986/ptptp.v1i1.72.
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ABSTRAK Proses pengangkutan dan pencampuran batubara di PT Adaro Indonesia terbilang cukup unik, menggunakan sistem ‘blending berjalan”, proses pencampuran dilakukan dengan mengatur waktu kedatangan alat pengangkut batubara di terminal fasiltas pemrosesan batubara dan pengisian tongkang agar tiba sesuai dengan waktu yang direncanakan. Untuk menunjang proses optimasi agar menghasilkan kualitas pencampuran yang on spec dan on time dibutuhkan sistem monitoring material, method dan machine yang mumpuni. Teknologi Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) dipilih karena mampu menghasilkan komunikasi data yang cepat. Komponen utama RFID adalah alat pembaca (reader) dan alat penanda (tagger). Alat pembaca dirakit secara elektronik dan beroperasi dengan memanfaatkan sumber energi panas matahari konversi dari solar cell dan ditempatkan di setiap titik strategis di jalur pengangkutan. Alat tagger ditempatkan pada semua alat pengangkut batubara (trailer). Sistem software dan database dibuat secara lokal dan terintegrasi ke pusat database yang terhubung melalui topologi jaringan. Semua transaksi kegiatan pengangkutan mulai dari alat angkut dalam posisi kosong, pengisian, penimbangan sampai penumpahan atau penumpukan diproses secara online dan real time. Sistem ini juga diintegrasikan dengan aplikasi tracking monitoring yang dibuat dan dikembangkan untuk pemantauan data secara real time oleh semua pihak yang terlibat dalam rantai pasok operasional pengangkutan dan pencampuran batubara.Implementasi integrasi teknologi yang disusun berdasarkan analisa kebutuhan bisnis proses ini memberikan dampak langsung dan tidak langsung. Secara biaya pengadaan dan perawatan, tools ini lebih murah dari produk pasaran yang ditawarkan. Dari segi kualitas menghasilkan peningkatan presisi pencampuran. Sisi operasional juga memberikan penghematan dari proses kerja yang efisien dengan peningkatan produktivitas alat angkut. Tindakan perbaikan yang berkelanjutan dan tepat sasaran dari aktivitas pengangkutan dan pencampuran juga dapat dilakukan karena data evaluasi yang dihasilkan dari integrasi teknologi ini valid dan dapat diandalkan. Kata Kunci : RFID, Coal Hauling, Coal Blending, Hauling Tracking System ABSTRACT Coal hauling and mixing in PT Adaro Indonesia is fairly unique, using an “on the way mixing” system, the mixing process is operated by setting the arrival time of the coal truck at coal processing and barge loading terminal facility so that truck arrived according to planned time. In order to support the optimization process to produce optimum quality mixing that is on spec and on time, require capable monitoring system of material, method and machine. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology was chosen because it is able to produce fast data communications. The main components of RFID are reader and tagger. The reader is electronically assembled and operated by using thermal energy conversion from solar cell which placed at each strategic point along hauling road. The tagger is placed on every coal truck (trailer). The software and database system is created locally and integrated into central database that connected through network topology. All transaction from hauling activity starting from the trucks at empty position, loading, passing, weighing until dumping are processed online and real time. This system also integrated with tracking monitoring application that is established and developed for real time monitoring by all parties involved in coal supply chain. The implementation of this technology integration that based on business needs analysis has direct and indirect impact. In terms of investment and maintenance costs, these tools are cheaper than commonly product offered in industrial market. From quality aspect results, it gives enhancement of mixing precision. The operational side also provides saving from efficient working process by increasing truck productivity. Continuous and accurate corrective action from coal hauling and blending operation can also be done because data evaluation that generated from this integrated technology are valid and reliable. Keyword: RFID, Coal Hauling, Coal Blending, Hauling Tracking System
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Zhao, Yan Jun, Bin Qu, and Fan Wei Meng. "Truck Scale Remote Weighing Monitoring System Based on the CAN." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 1146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1146.
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With the virtue of accuracy, fast and convenience, truck scale is more and more applied to weighing transport cargo weight. The computer and communication system is developed rapidly. The truck scale of the enterprises is distributed widely and the truck scale on-line weighing data is difficult to monitoring. The truck scale remote weighing monitoring system based on the CAN bus is designed in the paper. The SCM of the on-time remote weighing system is designed. The MCU of SCM is 89C2051 and the A/D is ADC0809. The weighing measurement data is collected by the MCU and sent to the upper monitoring system through the CAN bus. The experiment result indicates that the truck scale remote weighing monitoring system can on-line measure the transport cargo weight and improves the communication efficiency and accuracy.
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Zhao, Yan Jun, Shou Guang Cheng, and Bin Qu. "Study on the Truck Scale Cheating Automatic Monitoring System Based on the GPRS." Advanced Materials Research 703 (June 2013): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.703.240.
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The truck scale is more and more applied on the weighing system. To seek illegal profits, many kinds of truck scale cheating method is found in the weighing system. To monitoring the truck scale cheating method, the truck scale cheating automatic monitoring system based on the GPRS is brought out in this paper. The truck scale cheating automatic monitoring system is designed. The monitoring system includes three parts: the monitoring terminal, the GPRS transmission module and the upper monitoring system. The truck scale measurement data of the sensors are collected by the monitoring terminal and sent to the upper monitoring system through the GPRS module. The experimental system is established on the pneumatic conveying system and the experiment is carried out. The experimental results show that the automatic monitoring system can on-line monitor the truck scale cheating method and improves the security of the truck scale weighing system.
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Zhao, Yan Jun, and Cheng Bin Gao. "A New Truck Scale On-Line Remote Anti-Cheating System Based on Information Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 473 (December 2013): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.473.176.
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Truck scale is one of the important weighing equipment. To on-line remote monitoring truck scale cheating devices, new truck scale on-line remote anti-cheating system is brought out and truck scale on-line remote anti-cheating system is designed. The remote anti-cheating system includes the anti-cheating monitoring terminal, CAN and GPRS transmission module and remote weighing anti-cheating system. Truck scale anti-cheating monitoring terminal collects the anti-cheating data and sent to the remote anti-cheating system through CAN and GPRS transmission module. The experimental system is built and the experiment is carried out. The experimental results show that the on-line remote anti-cheating system of the truck scale can on-line monitor truck scale cheating devices and improves the system security.
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Lin, Haijun, Songhui Li, Lucai Wang, and Jinbao Yang. "Weighing method for a truck scale based on optional neural network with penalty function." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 39, no. 7 (February 15, 2016): 1088–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331216629202.
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This paper presents a weighing method for a truck scale based on a neural network (NN) with penalty function (PFNN). Firstly, the truck scale’s prior knowledge, i.e. the positive partial derivatives of the truck scale’s input–output function and the distributions of truck scale’s permissible weighing errors, is used to construct the constraints for optimizing the NN. Then, the penalty function is applied to construct the new NN’s performance index, and the detailed algorithm for training this NN is given. Finally, the method for assigning the value of the penalty factors is also discussed. The comparative experimental results show that the PFNN’s generalization ability is better than that of a data-induced NN (DINN) especially with a lack of training samples (the DINN is a method for training an NN only by using the data samples, not prior knowledge), and the weighing errors of the truck scale with PFNN are far less than those of DINN. In addition, the convergence of the PFNN is faster than that of the DINN.
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Park, Sangmin, Byung-Won On, Ryong Lee, Min-Woo Park, and Sang-Hwan Lee. "A Bi–LSTM and k-NN Based Method for Detecting Major Time Zones of Overloaded Vehicles." Symmetry 11, no. 9 (September 12, 2019): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11091160.
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Overloaded vehicles such as large cargo trucks tend to cause large traffic accidents. Such traffic accidents often bring high mortality rates, including injuries and deaths, and cause fatal damage to road structures such as roads and bridges. Therefore, there is a vicious circle in which a lot of the budgets is spent for accident restoration and road maintenance. It is important to control overloaded vehicles that are around roads in urban areas. However, it often takes a lot of manpower to track down on overloaded vehicles at appropriate interception points during a specific time. Moreover, the drivers tend to avoid interception by bypassing the interception point, while exchanging interception information with each other. In this work, the main bridges in a city are chosen as the interception point. Since installing vehicle-weighing devices on the road surface is expensive and the devices cause frequent faults after the installation, inexpensive general-purpose Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, such as acceleration and gyroscope sensors, are installed on the bridges. First, assuming that the sensing value of the overloaded vehicle is different from the nonoverloaded vehicle, we investigate the difference in the sensed values between the overloaded and nonoverloaded vehicles. Then, based on the hypothesis, we propose a new method to identify prime time zones with overloaded vehicles. Technically, the proposed method comprises two steps. In the first step, we propose a new bridge traffic classification model using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi–LSTM) that automatically classifies time series data to either high or low traffic condition. The Bi–LSTM model has higher accuracy than existing neural network models because it has a symmetric neural network structure, by which input information can be processed in forward and backward directions. In the second step, we propose a new method of automatically identifying top-k time zones with many overloaded vehicles under the high traffic condition. It first uses the k-Nearest Neighbor (NN) algorithm to find the sensing value, most similar to the actual sensing value of the overloaded vehicle, in the high traffic cluster. According to the experimental results, there is a high difference of the sensing values between the overloaded and the nonoverloaded vehicle, through statistical verification. Also, the accuracy of the proposed method in the first step is ~75%, and the top-k time zones in which overloaded vehicles are crowded are identified automatically.
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Shi, Wei Tao, Jian Li, and Jun He. "Finite Element Analysis for Analog Modes of SCS Series Truck Scale with Different Loads." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.121.
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The weighing platform of the truck scale is a load-bearer, which is used for bearing a load. Its structure has many forms, in this paper, the finite element analysis of a structure with u-beam which is currently the most widely used for different loading modes, the traditional method of structural analysis of truck scale is to simplily the platform as a simply supported beam. As the model is too simplified, the result of this method will be unreliable and it cannot make part analysis about stress and strain . In this research, ANSYS was used to model, and loaded analysis. Through different loading, get the structure of weighing platform stress distribution and deformation. By analysing,we give reasonable proposals and provide valuable reference for the design and production of truck scale .
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Lai, Zhengchuang, Xiaoxiang Yang, and Jinhui Yao. "Analysis on influence of static calibration on the axle-group weigh-in-motion system accuracy." ACTA IMEKO 9, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v9i5.941.
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The axle-group weigh-in-motion system has two functions: static weighing and dynamic weighing. According to the weighing model, the accuracy of dynamic weighing is affected by the static performance. This paper analyses the size of various factors affecting the static performance, such as sensor tilt installation, platform deformation, platform tilt installation, and these errors will lead to sensor swing, bearing head tilt, gravity line of action and sensor axis direction is not consistent, thus affecting the static weighing accuracy. However static calibration is the best way to reduce or even eliminate the above errors. The dynamic truck scale of different manufacturers with or without static calibration is used in the test process. The results show that the dynamic performance index can meet the requirements only after the static calibration is used.
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Alvarez, Luis, Antonia Aránega, Celia Vélez, Consolación Melguizo, Amanda R. González, and Robert Saucedo. "Morphometric study of the great arterial trunks and their branches in the human fetal heart with perimembranous ventricular septal defects." Cardiology in the Young 7, no. 1 (January 1997): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100005862.
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AbstractMorphometric methods were used to study the great arterial trunks in a total of 22 human fetuses and newborn subjects weighing from 1 to 3.8 kg (mean 2.22 ± 0.85 kg). All specimens displayed concordant atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections, and all had perimembranous ventricular septal defects. Thirteen different parameters were measured in each specimen, comprising the orifices of the great arterial trunks, ascending aorta, vessels branching from the aortic arch, the aortic isthmus, descending aorta, pulmonary trunk, orifices of the pulmonary arteries, and arterial duct. The values were Compared with patterns of normality established in an earlier study using hearts from 496 human fetuses and neonates weighing form 60 to 5000 g. Minimum square regression analyses were used to study the relationships between fetal and neonatal log body weight in kilograms, and the various cardiometric parameters. We believe that these morphometric data have immediate clinical and surgical applications in the treatment of fetal and neonatal cardiovascular disorders.
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Somadi, Somadi, Desi Arista Pasaribu, and Rizky Khoiriyah. "Evaluasi Pemilihan Penyedia Jasa Truk Angkutan Barang Menggunakan Metode Simple Additive Weighting." JURNAL NUSANTARA APLIKASI MANAJEMEN BISNIS 5, no. 2 (October 23, 2020): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.29407/nusamba.v5i2.14508.
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This study aims to determine the priority of freight truck service providers at PT. XYZ by using the simple additive weighting method. Data collection techniques using interviews and documentation study. The criteria for selecting a freight trucking service provider uses the dimensions of the service marketing mix. Based on the results of the study that the freight truck service providers selected to be the first choice priority of the three existing service providers are Chess Prime Trans, followed by MGM Bosco Logistics as the second choice, and PT. Indo Partner Logistics as a third choice.
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Qian, Xiao Meng, and Fu Qiang Luo. "The Study on Optimal Matching of Light Truck Power Train." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 1168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.1168.
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The multi condition driving cycle mode of light truck is established. A comprehensive evaluation system for the vehicle powertrain(VP) optimal matching with integration of dynamic performance, fuel economy and exhaust emission behavior by means of the weighting factors is established. The methods to determine the parameters and weighting factors are established. A simulation model is set for the VP using the software Advisor, and a VP optimization program is compiled by the Matlab optimization toolbox. The model is validated by experiment and used to optimize the power train of a certain type of light truck. The results show that the consideration of the dynamic performance, the fuel economy in the VP matching reduces the exhaust emissions effectively.
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Lin, Haijun, Hao Xiang, Lucai Wang, and Jinbao Yang. "Weighing method for truck scale based on neural network with weight-smoothing constraint." Measurement 106 (August 2017): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.02.038.
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Lin, Haijun, Yaping Lin, Jingrong Yu, Zhaosheng Teng, and Lucai Wang. "Weighing Fusion Method for Truck Scales Based on Prior Knowledge and Neural Network Ensembles." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 63, no. 2 (February 2014): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2013.2278577.
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Mortimer, Cleve, and Pamela McCauIey-Bell. "An Ergonomic Analysis of Scale-Pits." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 13 (September 2002): 1232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601348.
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Much of the scale industry involves weighing large amounts of a product. The main method is the truck or railroad scale. These require pits to hold the lever systems necessary to weigh the truck or railroad car. However, these pits are designed with no thought for the safety of the technicians who maintain the scales. in this paper, four problems with current pit design were examined using data on the physical dimensions and the types of injuries possible. Three experiments were conducted to examine the risks of falling due to loss of balance, problems caused by moving around in the pit, and the effect of poor lighting. Using this data, suggestions are made to improve the safety of the scale pits for the technicians who work in them.
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Mohammadzadeh Polami, Samareh, Rudolf Reinhardt, Michael Rethmeier, and Alois Schmid. "Joint-site structure friction welding method as a tool for drive pinion light weighting in heavy-duty trucks." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 214, no. 9 (September 2014): 1921–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.03.027.
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Seigler, M., M. Ahmadian, and C. Boggs. "Validation of an indentor system for evaluating truck seat cushions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 217, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440703321645052.
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The objective of this study was to validate an indentor system—called a cushion loading indentor (CLI)—for use in objectively evaluating seat cushion performance for heavy truck seats. Included in this study is a detailed description of the five-component indentor design, with major components being a polyurethane buttocks mould and a variable weighting system. Validation of the CLI was performed by comparing its interface pressure distribution with five human test subjects for four different seating surfaces. The results demonstrate that the CLI is both more repeatable than the human test subjects and provides similar pressure distribution to that of a seated person. Furthermore, it is shown that the CLI is valid for dynamic testing of heavy truck seat cushions owing to the inclusion of the seat suspension, which significantly reduces the dynamic complexity between the cushion and the seated person.
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Kędzierski, Witold, and Zbigniew Bełkot. "Does road transport influence plasma leptin concentrations in horses? Preliminary study." Annals of Animal Science 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2017-0015.
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Abstract Transport is one of the most common stressors for horses leading to an increase in cortisol secretion. Cortisol promotes leptin synthesis and release. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of short transport on circulating leptin and cortisol concentrations. A total of 16 crossbred naïve horses (7 geldings, 9 mares) aged 2-11 years, and weighing 530-680 kg were included in the study. The horses were transported in a commercial horse-truck to an unknown holding pen for temporary housing. To measure plasma leptin and cortisol concentrations, three blood samples were collected from each horse: before transport, immediately after unloading from the truck, and nine hours after transport at the arrival point. Transport caused a significant increase in mean plasma cortisol concentration determined at unloading, and after nine hours of unloading, in comparison to values obtained before loading. Plasma leptin concentrations did not change during the study. In conclusion, transportation procedures did not influence plasma leptin concentration in horses, despite significantly increased cortisol release.
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Sun, Dezhang, Xu Wang, Bin Chen, and Baitao Sun. "Probability Model of Hangzhou Bay Bridge Vehicle Loads Using Weigh-in-Motion Data." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/576083.
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To study the vehicle load characteristics of bay bridges in China, especially truck loads, we performed a statistical analysis of the vehicle loads on Hangzhou Bay Bridge using more than 3 months of weigh-in-motion data from the site. The results showed that when all the vehicle samples were included in the statistical analysis, the histogram of the vehicles exhibited a multimodal distribution, which could not be fitted successfully by a familiar single probability distribution model. When the truck samples were analyzed, a characteristic multiple-peaked distribution with a main peak was obtained. The probability distribution of all vehicles was fitted using a weighting function with five normal distributions and the truck loads were modeled by a single normal distribution. The results demonstrated the good fits with the histogram. The histograms of different time periods were also analyzed. The results showed that the traffic mainly comprised two-axle small vehicles during the rush hours in the morning and the evening, and the histogram could be fitted approximately using three normal distribution functions. And the maximum value distributions of vehicles during the design life of the bay bridge were predicted by maximum value theory.
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Machado, Miguel, Renato A. Teixeira, and Arno A. Lise. "Cladistic analysis supports the monophyly of the Neotropical crab spider genus Epicadus and its senior synonymy over Tobias (Araneae : Thomisidae)." Invertebrate Systematics 31, no. 4 (2017): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is16074.
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The present paper presents a cladistic analysis of the spider genus Tobias Simon, 1895. The analyses were based on a matrix with 29 terminal taxa scored for 86 morphological characters, with a dataset tested under two methodologies for character weighting (i.e. equal and implied weighting). Both analyses supported the paraphyletic relationship of Tobias with Epicadus Simon, 1895, with the former considered a junior synonym of the latter (new synonymy). Onocolus, Epicadinus and Epicadus form a clade supported by two synapomorphies, corroborating previous taxonomic assumptions regarding the proximity of these genera. Epicadus has two lineages: the ‘pustulosus clade’, comprising bark-like individuals that camouflage themselves on tree trunks and branches, and the ‘heterogaster clade’, which consists of a group of spiders that present a wide range of polychromatism and use flowers as hunting sites. Synonymies are presented and a new combination for all species previously assigned as part of Tobias is proposed. Epicadus now comprises nine species.
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Muhammadun, H. Haris. "Pengaruh Muatan Lebih Terhadap Kerusakan Jalan Di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur." Warta Penelitian Perhubungan 24, no. 4 (May 14, 2019): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/warlit.v24i4.1018.
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East Kalimantan is one of the provinces that have freight operations is very high, because of mining and plantation activities are increasing from year to year. However, the condition of the main roads in the province, was a concern. Between transport actors blame, prompting this research. Survey of traffic and motor vehicle weighing on the road performed for data collection By using this approach to calculating ESAL and Truck Factor, result, from 6 major roads studied, five of which occur overloading, resulting in a reduction in the service life of the road.Keywords : Traffic, Road, Truck Factor, Damage Factor Kalimantan Timur merupakan salah satu provinsi yang memiliki tingkat operasi angkutan barang sangat yang cukup tinggi, karena kegiatan pertambangan dan perkebunan yang meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Namun, kondisi jalan-jalan utama di provinsi ini, sangat mengkhawatirkan. Diantara pelaku transportasi saling menyalahkan, sehingga perlu penelitian ini dilakukan. Survei lalu lintas dan pengumpulan data dilakukan untuk kendaraan bermotor dan angkutan berat menggunakan pendekatan dan perhitungan dengan Equivalent Standard Axle Load (ESAL) dan faktor kendaraan, hasil penelitian diperoleh dari 6 jalan utama yang diamati, lima di antaranya terjadi kelebihan muatan (overloading), sehingga terjadi penurunan tingkat pelayanan.Kata kunci: Lalu Lintas, Jalan, Faktor Kendaraan, Faktor Kerusakan
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Lin, Haijun, Zhenyu Wang, ZhongYang Li, and Songhui Li. "Weighing fusion method for truck scale based on an optimal neural network with derivative constraints and a lagrange multiplier." Measurement 63 (March 2015): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2014.12.011.
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Marliana, Iin. "Penerapan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) dalam Sistem Pengambilan Keputusan Order Persediaan Barang Berbasis Web." Sienna 1, no. 1 (July 21, 2020): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47637/sienna.v1i1.270.
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Nowaday, computers already can be used to provide choices in taking of the decision, not only used for data processing or presenting information, process of taking the decision it self is the results of a system that called Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK). The system of taking the decision is possible because there has been a development of hardware technology, integration of hardware and software. In the business sector one of them is a truck and expedition which engages in the transportation services of stuffs between Lampung-Surabaya cities and vice versa. In this expedition service consists of arround used by 76 units of cars. And the supply of stuffs still used bookkeeping which is sometimes taking of the decision supply of stuffs is still handled by superiors.
Therefore, this research used Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method which is used to make decisions in problems solving by create a design system and building software. This research will create a system when taking the decision in the supply of stuffs in the Business Entity Expedition Services with SAW method by using WEB.
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Misawa, T., Y. Hataba, N. Baba, K. Kanaya, K. Sakurai, and T. Suzuki. "Ultrastructural characteristics of experimental splenomegaly in portal hypertensive rats: An scanning electron microscopic study of the red pulp." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (August 12, 1990): 270–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010015890x.
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Because splenomegaly in humans is generally investigated at advanced stage, little is known about the relationship between the change in portal pressure and the pathological characteristics of splenomegaly or the pathological features of splenomegaly in the early stage. To clarify the relationship between the development of splenomegaly and portal hypertension, a morphological study on splenomegaly induced by portal hypertension was performed mainly by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in liver cirrhotic rats.Male Wistar rats, weighing 200 to 250 g, were used in this study. Liver cirrhosis was produced by intraperitoneal injections of 4% thioacetamide (TAA) in saline according to the previous report. Rats were divided into 5 groups (n=5 for each): groups 1 to 5 corresponding to 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 injections of TAA, respectively. As a control for each experimental group, rats were injected with saline instead of TAA. The injection needles were placed in the portal vein trunks and abdominal aorta.
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Zaiton, Haron, Mardhiah Z. Abidin, Ming Han Lim, Khairulzan Yahya, Z. Jahya, Kamilah Mohd Said, and A. Aziz Saim. "Noise Exposure among Machine Operators on Construction Sites in South Johor, Malaysia." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 2507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.2507.
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Machines operators expose to excessive noise in the workplace that may lead to hearing damage. This study investigates construction machine operators noise exposure levels for eight hours or time weighting averages (TWAs), relationship TWA with machine noise emission level, the practices of using hearing protection devices (HPDs) and working in a closed machine cab. Heavy and non-heavy machine operators at five construction sites involved with excavation and piling activities were selected and measured by using dosimeters. 68% of operators were exposed to TWA of 85 dBA and 18% of the operators exceeded the permissible limit. 40% of operators work inside a closed machine cab, 18% wear earplugs and only 16% practiced both. Both operators of heavy machines (except excavators) and dump trucks are exposed to TWA > 90 dBA if they work in open machine cabs. The TWAs were found well correlated (r=0.41) with the machine noise emission, which ranged between 84 dBA to 125 dBA. Furthermore, this study proposes the type of HPD for the operators of typical machine to minimise the risk of hearing loss.
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Fortes, Caio, Paulo César Ocheuze Trivelin, André César Vitti, Rafael Otto, Henrique Coutinho Junqueira Franco, and Carlos Eduardo Faroni. "Stalk and sucrose yield in response to nitrogen fertilization of sugarcane under reduced tillage." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 48, no. 1 (January 2013): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2013000100012.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the agroindustrial production of sugarcane (millable stalks and sucrose yield) after successive nitrogen fertilizations of plant cane and ratoons in a reduced tillage system. The experiment was carried out at Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, on a Rhodic Eutrustox soil, during four consecutive crop cycles (March 2005 to July 2009). Plant cane treatments consisted of N-urea levels (control, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1 N + 120 kg ha-1 P2O5 and K2O in furrow application). In the first and second ratoons, the plant cane plots were subdivided in N-ammonium nitrate treatments (control, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1 N + 150 kg ha-1 K2O as top dressing over rows). In the third ratoon, N fertilization was leveled to 100 kg ha-1 in all plots, including controls, to detect residual effects of previous fertilizations on the last crop's cycle. Sugarcane ratoon was mechanically harvested. A weighing truck was used to evaluate stalk yield (TCH), and samples were collected in the field for analysis of sugar content (TSH). Increasing N doses and meteorological conditions promote significant responses in TCH and TSH in cane plant and ratoons, in the average and accumulated yield of the consecutive crop cycles.
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Tao, Ting, Decun Dong, Shize Huang, Wei Chen, and Lingyu Yang. "Object Detection-Based License Plate Localization and Recognition in Complex Environments." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 12 (September 27, 2020): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120954202.
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Automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) has made great progress, yet is still challenged by various factors in the real world, such as blurred or occluded plates, skewed camera angles, bad weather, and so on. Therefore, we propose a method that uses a cascade of object detection algorithms to accurately and speedily recognize plates’ contents. In our method, YOLOv3-Tiny, an end-to-end object detection network, is used to locate license plate areas, and YOLOv3 to recognize license plate characters. According to the type and position of the recognized characters, a logical judgment is made to obtain the license plate number. We applied our method to a truck weighing system and constructed a dataset called SM-ALPR, encapsulating pictures captured by this system. It is demonstrated by experiment and by comparison with two other methods applied to this dataset that our method can locate 99.51% of license plate areas in the images and recognize 99.02% of the characters on the plates while maintaining a higher running speed. Specifically, our method exhibits a better performance on challenging images that contain blurred plates, skewed angles, or accidental occlusion, or have been captured in bad weather or poor light, which implies its potential in more diversified practice scenarios.
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Rengasamy, Divish, Mina Jafari, Benjamin Rothwell, Xin Chen, and Grazziela P. Figueredo. "Deep Learning with Dynamically Weighted Loss Function for Sensor-Based Prognostics and Health Management." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 28, 2020): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030723.
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Deep learning has been employed to prognostic and health management of automotive and aerospace with promising results. Literature in this area has revealed that most contributions regarding deep learning is largely focused on the model’s architecture. However, contributions regarding improvement of different aspects in deep learning, such as custom loss function for prognostic and health management are scarce. There is therefore an opportunity to improve upon the effectiveness of deep learning for the system’s prognostics and diagnostics without modifying the models’ architecture. To address this gap, the use of two different dynamically weighted loss functions, a newly proposed weighting mechanism and a focal loss function for prognostics and diagnostics task are investigated. A dynamically weighted loss function is expected to modify the learning process by augmenting the loss function with a weight value corresponding to the learning error of each data instance. The objective is to force deep learning models to focus on those instances where larger learning errors occur in order to improve their performance. The two loss functions used are evaluated using four popular deep learning architectures, namely, deep feedforward neural network, one-dimensional convolutional neural network, bidirectional gated recurrent unit and bidirectional long short-term memory on the commercial modular aero-propulsion system simulation data from NASA and air pressure system failure data for Scania trucks. Experimental results show that dynamically-weighted loss functions helps us achieve significant improvement for remaining useful life prediction and fault detection rate over non-weighted loss function predictions.
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Luo, Wenkai, Malindu Sandanayake, Guomin Zhang, and Yongtao Tan. "Construction Cost and Carbon Emission Assessment of a Highway Construction—A Case towards Sustainable Transportation." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 7854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147854.
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Due to its dynamic nature in construction, benchmarking environmental emissions of road construction projects can be a daunting task. Often stakeholders will have to prioritize the economic and environmental indicators based on the project objectives. The study presents a methodological framework to compare economic and environmental impacts to benchmark sustainable transport construction projects. Through findings, the study aims to inform focus areas and key stages of infrastructure projects to benchmark sustainable performance. Process-based emission and cost estimation models are presented with an AHP based weighting factor that enables prioritization of emissions and costs based on project scopes and objectives. Using a case study, results are represented to validate the framework and methodology. Concrete and steel are identified as the main materials that contribute to total carbon emissions, while soil and gravel are responsible for the highest costs. Electricity consumption is discovered as the major fuel type contributing to carbon emissions. Concrete and dump trucks are discovered as the top two sources of emissions and costs, respectively. Scenario analyses revealed that the choice of equipment significantly affects the project’s emissions and costs. The application of sustainable materials can significantly reduce emissions and cost. The use of the case study approach results in a lack of generalizability. However, the same methodology and process can be adopted for the sustainable benchmarking of different projects. Researchers are encouraged to investigate processes to automate sustainable benchmarking of transport infrastructure construction projects. The study is one of the first attempts to compare cost and environmental impacts using a systematic methodology of transportation infrastructure construction projects.
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OBrien, Eugene J., Cathal Leahy, Bernard Enright, and Colin C. Caprani. "Validation of scenario modelling for bridge loading." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2016.27.
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Accurate estimates of characteristic bridge load effects are required for efficient design and assessment of bridges, and long-run traffic simulations are an effective method for estimating the effects. For multi-lane same-direction traffic, truck weights and locations on the bridge are correlated and this affects the calculated load effects. Scenario Modelling is a recently developed method, which uses weigh-in-motion data to simulate multi-lane same-direction traffic while maintaining location and weight correlations. It has been unclear however, whether the method may produce unrealistic driver behaviour when extrapolating beyond the weigh-in-motion measuring period. As weighin-motion databases with more than about a year of data are not available, a microsimulation traffic model, which can simulate driver behaviour, is used here to assess the accuracy of extrapolating traffic effects using Scenario Modelling. The microsimulation is used to generate an extended reference dataset against which the results of Scenario Modelling are compared. It is found that the characteristic load effects obtained using Scenario Modelling compare well with the reference dataset. As a result, for the first time researchers and practitioners can model two-lane same-direction traffic loading on bridges while being confident that the approach is generating accurate estimates of characteristic load effects as well as effectively reproducing the complex traffic correlations involved.
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De Witt, Austin, Kevin Boston, and Ben Leshchinsky. "Predicting Aggregate Degradation in Forest Roads in Northwest Oregon." Forests 11, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11070729.
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In the Pacific Northwest, forest roads have the potential to cause significant environmental degradation, especially to water resources due to increased sediment production. The goal of this research is to improve the understanding of road degradation during hauling by improving our understanding of the aggregate degradation process. We correlate the wear rates to standard material property tests that may allow for improved prediction of the impacts from forest roads based on the selection of aggregate surfacing. Finally, we determine the changes in stress distribution between the subgrade and aggregate interface. High-, medium-, and low-quality aggregates were used from three quarries in western Oregon for this project. These aggregates are indicative of the range of materials used on forest roads in the region. Two material property tests, namely the Los Angeles (LA) abrasion and micro-Deval tests, were used to determine their ability to predict aggregate performance during hauling by relating values for aggregate wear to these aggregate properties. Eighteen nonwoven geotextile bags were created, measuring 60 cm (two-feet long) and 20 cm (eight inches) in diameter, with a pore size equivalent to a 0.149 mm (# 100) sieve. They were filled with a known quantity and particle size distribution of aggregate and embedded into a newly constructed forest road. Stress gages were installed in the road surface between the aggregate and subgrade levels to record the changes in stress at the subgrade level. Samples were subjected to three levels of traffic (500, 950, and 1500 passes) using a loaded dump-truck that had a steering axle and one tandem drive axle, weighing 25,038 kg or 55,200 lb. The results showed that less breakage occurred with the medium- and high-quality aggregates than the low-quality aggregate. There was a correlation between the material property test (either the micro-Deval or the LA abrasion test) and the fine index, indicating the predictability of these tests in terms of aggregate performance. Finally, the higher quality aggregate was able to better distribute the stresses from the wheel better than the lower quality aggregate and was able to reduce the stress reaching the subgrade. Although the results are limited to the three types of rock used in this study, they indicate the ability of the high-quality aggregate to lessen the environmental impacts from forest roads.
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Restrepo-Betancurt, Luis Fernando, Holmes Rodríguez-Espinosa, and Daniel Valencia-Y. "Caracterización del consumo de pescado y mariscos en población universitaria de la ciudad de Medellín - Colombia." Universidad y Salud 18, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.22267/rus.161802.36.
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Introducción: El conocimiento relacionado con el consumo de pescado es de vital importancia para establecer estrategias que permitan mejorar su consumo en esquemas de alimentación saludable. Objetivo: Identificar preferencias y frecuencia de consumo de pescados y mariscos en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó un tamaño de muestra de 400 estudiantes, con base en un nivel de confiabilidad del 95% y un error máximo permisible del 4,9%. Los estudiantes fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente de acuerdo con los factores de ponderación: sexo, nivel socioeconómico y tipo de universidad y fueron entrevistados personalmente. Se realizó análisis factorial de correspondencia múltiple con clasificación jerárquica indexada y análisis multivariado de la varianza MANOVA con contraste canónico de tipo ortogonal. Resultados y conclusión: Se encontró que las especies de mayor preferencia entre los universitarios son atún, bagre, tilapia, trucha, róbalo y camarón; los de menor preferencia son: lenguado, perla, arenque y corvina. Se encontró diferencia estadística (p<0,05) entre sexos en el consumo regular de pescado; los hombres manifiestan un consumo semanal de calamar y sardina, mientras las mujeres consumen semanalmente atún, bocachico, langostino, ostras y pargo.AbstractIntroduction: The knowledge related to fish consumption is vital to establish strategies to improve its consumption in healthy feeding patterns. Objective: To identify preferences and frequency of consumption of fish and seafood among university students in Medellin, Colombia. Materials and Methods: A sample size of 400 students was used based on a confidence level of 95% and a maximum permissible error of 4.9%. Students were randomly selected according to the weighting factors: sex, socioeconomic status and type of university, and they were interviewed personally. Factorial analysis of multiple correspondence with indexed ranking and multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA canonical contrast orthogonal type were performed. Results and conclusion: Tuna, catfish, tilapia, trout, bass and shrimp are the most preferred species among college students and the least preferred were: sole, pearl, herring and sea bass. Statistical difference (p<0.05) was found between genders in regular consumption of fish; men report frequent consumption of squid and sardines while women consumed weekly Tuna, Bocachico, Shrimp, Oysters and Pargo.
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Nizam Mahmoud Al Ashqar - Israa Idris Abu Shuaib. "Modern Management of Medical Waste in UNRWA Clinics in Gaza Strip Governorates: الإدارة الحديثة للنفايات الطبية في عيادات وكالة الغوث الدولية في محافظات قطاع غزة." مجلة إدارة المخاطر والأزمات 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.e1502019.
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This study aimed to identify the reality of modern medical waste management in UNRWA which include: First: sorting operations, which is the separation of the normal medical waste from the hazardous medical waste at the source of its production and packaging in bags as classified by the World Health Organization. Second: collection operations, which is the collection of medical waste in tightly sealed bags up to three quarters and internal transport processes by providing suitable vehicles for the transport of medical waste from the clinics to the temporary storage room. Third: storage operations, the allocation of a room as a collection point for waste. Fourth: the final disposal, where the produced medical waste are quantified by weighing then transported by Ministry of Health trucks in order to be treated and final disposed. The study also aimed to identify the occupational safety procedures for workers against medical waste hazards, in order to provide recommendations regarding the management and safe handling of medical waste, to protect the worker from infection accidents and the dangers of medical waste, reduce the incidence of errors, accidents during the management of medical waste and maintain environmental safety. The study relied on several methods of collecting information, including field visits, UNRWA reports and manuals of waste management.
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Josephs, Harold. "Forensic Engineering Analysis Of An Accident Caused By Inadequate Maintenance Of A Large Capacity Fork Lift Truck." Journal of the National Academy of Forensic Engineers 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.51501/jotnafe.v22i1.640.
Full textAbstract:
Forklift Trucks Are The Single Most Versatile Industrial Material-Handling Device. This Versatility Is Created By The Ability Of The Flt To Move Loads In Three Dimensions, I.E., Forward, Laterally, And Vertically. This Freedom Of Movement Is Provided By The Rear Steer Front Wheel Drive Configuration Of Flts Permitting The Flt To Move Loads Into Tight Spaces And Also By The Mast Permitting The Forks To Raise And Lower Loads For Stacking. As Part Of The Stacking Operation The Masts Of Flts Have The Capability Of Tilting Fore And Aft, Which Permits The Forks To Get Under The Load And Then Once Placed On The Forks, For The Load To Be Raised And Then Cradled By The Forks By Tilting The Mast Backwards...A Case Study Is Presented Of A Fatality Accident Involving A Large Capacity Flt (52,000 Pound Capacity) Carrying 11 Sheets Of Steel Which Were 10 x 20 x 1/4 Each Weighing Approximately 1500 Pounds. The Operator Of The Flt Set The Load At About 1416 Above The Ground, Set The Spotting Brake, And Exited The Cab To Rearrange A Number Of Wooden Spacers Upon Which He Intended To Place The Sheets Of Steel. The Mast Drifted, Causing The Forks To Angle Down, Which In Turn Permitted The Sheets Of Steel To Slide Off The Forks (Much Like A Deck Of Cards) And Strike The Worker (Previously The Operator), Resulting In His Death.
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Salamahin, Pavel, and Ilya Reshetnikov. "A critical assessment of domestic and foreign temporary vertical regulatory loads on road bridge structures, a way to eliminate their identified shortcomings." Russian journal of transport engineering 6, no. 3 (September 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.15862/10sats319.
Full textAbstract:
The article critically assessed temporary vertical standard combined loads on road bridges in Western European countries, the USA and Russia. They are set with constant values of the parameters of their uniformly distributed loads and loads on the axles of trucks without regard to the composition of road traffic and out of communication with the length and shape of the lines of influence of force and deformation factors in the elements of bridge structures and are used in these and in many other countries in road bridge structures engineering and design. It is shown that the bridges constructed with different spans on the same road are designed to have different and unknown for designers, engineers and facility managers load capacity, which decreases when the length of the spans increases more than twice, but that is unacceptable for operational and economic reasons. The author found that the use of regulatory documents of other countries as a model for the modernization of domestic standards is unacceptable due to economic considerations. The article assesses the carrying capacity of such bridges as: the Crimean bridge and the Bugrinsky bridge in Novosibirsk. It is shown that these structures, in case of compliance with the requirements of modern regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, do not allow for the passage of columns of vehicles weighing more than 25–27 tons in a state of congestion. The ways of eliminating the identified deficiencies of these combined regulatory loads are indicated. The results of calculations are presented, indicating that a further increase in the parameter K of the AK load to large values is not an effective way of ensuring the required carrying capacity of bridge structures.
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Zhang, Yu, Qiang Zhao, Xuemeng Liang, and Huanbo Qiao. "Design of On-board Weighing System Based on STM32." International Journal Of Scientific Advances 2, no. 2 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.51542/ijscia.v2i2.11.
Full textAbstract:
In order to solve the problem of overloading, an on-board weighing system based on STM32 is designed. The on-board weighing system is directly installed on the vehicle, and the on-board weight is measured by collecting the strain produced by the loading of the truck frame. This paper describes the research background and significance of the on-board weighing system, focusing on the structure of the semi-trailer on-board weighing system, system workflow and the realization of each part.