Relevant bibliographies by topics / Weight: height ratio

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Weight: height ratio'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Weight: height ratio"

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Moelyo, Annang Giri, Andre Christiawan Susanto, Bella Monika Rajagukguk, and Jonathan Billy Christian Tjiayadi. "Knee height and knee height/height ratio of healthy schoolchildren." Paediatrica Indonesiana 60, no. 5 (July 29, 2020): 233–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi60.5.2020.233-8.

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Background Knee height (KH) is rarely used to estimate stature in children, although its measurement might have benefit because not influenced by some musculoskeletal disorder in spinal region. Knee height and knee height/height ratio are typical in children due to different in pubertal timing of each child. Objective To derive a formula to estimate body height using knee height and to analyze the patterns of knee height and knee height/height ratio of healthy schoolchildren. Methods This cross-sectional study involved healthy children in one elementary school and one junior high school in Surakarta, Central Java. Demographic data were collected (sex, age, and ethnicity). All anthropometric measurements (height, weight, sitting height, and knee height) were taken three times, and their means were calculated. Linear regression analysis was used to compare height from knee height and sitting height. Non-parametric analysis through locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) was used to analyze the growth patterns of knee height, knee height/height ratio, and sitting height/height ratio. Results There were 633 children (328 boys and 305 girls) in this study. The formulas for the estimation of height were as follows: for boys, 2.40 × KH (cm) + 1.36 × age (years) + 20.31; and for girls, 2.48 × KH (cm) + 1.15 × age (years) + 19.58 (adjusted R2=0.97). Knee height increased earlier than sitting height in both boys and girls during childhood to adolescent period. Boys had a longer period of knee height increment than girls. Conclusion Knee height may be a useful alternative to estimate height in children. Knee height increases faster than height and sitting height in both boys and girls.
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Yatsko, Andrew. "Indexing adult obesity by waist-to-height and weight-to-height ratios." Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics 3, no. 2 (April 24, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jbei.v3n2p20.

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To date a vast evidence exists that the waist circumference to height ratio (WCHR) provides a better measure of obesity comparing to the body mass index (BMI). While weight and height are routinely obtained to calculate BMI, waist circumference, despite easily acquired, is often overlooked because the screening protocols, particularly for diabetes, demand BMI. This creates an obstacle for application of WCHR - a more definite measure than BMI for diagnostic of many linked to obesity metabolic disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and hypertension. This article is intended to fill the gap in the literature by providing a conversion from BMI to WCHR for five adult age categories. A strong linearity between the measures is demonstrated and equivalent to BMI WCHR thresholds are provided to identify normality, overweight as well as obesity and other points. The analysis is based on the data from NHANES. Different forms of BMI are also discussed and a strong linearity between them is demonstrated. An obesity index based on simple weight to height ratio to match the standard levels is proposed. The equivalence between the proposed and existing obesity indices is tested on the original data with promising results.
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Moelyo, Annang Giri, Lucky Yogasatria, Yusak Aditya Setyawan, and Evi Rokhayati. "Sitting height, sitting height/height ratio, arm span and arm span-height difference of healthy adolescents in Surakarta, Indonesia." Paediatrica Indonesiana 58, no. 3 (June 8, 2018): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi58.3.2018.138-45.

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Background Sitting height, sitting height/height ratio (SHR), arm span, and arm span-height difference (AHD) are indices to diagnose conditions of disproportion. Reference data on sitting height, SHR, arm span, and AHD for Indonesian children are limited. Objective To compile reference data on sitting height, SHR, arm span, and AHD in Indonesian adolescents, and to compare these indices for boys and girls at various ages. Methods A population-based survey was conducted from August 2016 to November 2017 in three high schools in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. A convenience sampling method was employed to recruit healthy adolescents without history of chronic disease, history of physical trauma, and/or physical disabilities. All subjects underwent anthropometric measurements (height, weight, sitting height, and arm span), and their ethnic origins were noted. The lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method was used for reference construction. Results Of 639 subjects, 42% were male. Body mass index (BMI) values were similar between males and females. Mean height, weight, sitting height, and arm span of males were greater than those of females. The mean male and female SHRs were 51.1 (SD 1.6) % and 51.0 (SD 1.6) %, respectively (P=0.36), while the mean AHDs were 4.2 (SD 4.5) cm and 3.4 (SD 4.1) cm, respectively (P=0.02). The formula to estimate height based on arm span in males was [height = (0.78 x arm span) + 32.14] in cm. The formula in females was [height = (0.66 x arm span) + 50.59] in cm. Conclusion There was no significant difference in SHR between male and female adolescents. However, males haVE significantly larger mean AHD than females. We provide references on sitting height, SHR, arm span, and AHD in male and female adolescents.
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Gyansah, Lawrence, and A. M. Abd El-Aty. "Experimental Study of the Deformation Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Fresh Reinforced Bamboo." Advanced Materials Research 1102 (May 2015): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1102.173.

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A bstract. This paper investigates the deformation behavior of reinforced fresh bamboo subjected to static-compressive loading condition. Crushing strength test was performed using Uniaxial Compression Machine with maximum loading capacity of 1500 kN. The data is plotted as strength to weight ratio versus height, strength to volume ratio versus height, failure stress versus height, load versus time of failure and load to height ratio versus time of failure. Result shows that increase in height of the fresh reinforced bamboo increases the strength and vice versa. The moisture content also has significant influence on the strength of the fresh reinforced bamboo. The moisture content reduced the strength of the fresh reinforced bamboo by 21.8 %. This percentage is really significant in structural analysis since it can cause catastrophic failure to structures. Concrete is significant in reinforcing bamboo structures for a better strength. The crushing stresses for fresh reinforced bamboo of heights 250 , 210 ,170 , 130 and 90 mm were found to be 26.09 , 25.52 , 24.85 , 21.97 , 21.86 MPa respectively. The failure stress of the bamboo is about say 1.26 M times the weight of the bamboo per square meter. The specific compressive strength which explains the bending moment per kilogram of the bamboo specimen also increases with increases in height. Failure stress to weight ratio decreases with increases with the height of the bamboo. Strength to volume ratio also decreases with increases with the height from the bamboo.
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Olza, Josune, Concepcion M. Aguilera, Mercedes Gil-Campos, Rosaura Leis, Gloria Bueno, Miguel Valle, Ramon Cañete, Rafael Tojo, Luis A. Moreno, and Angel Gil. "Waist-to-height ratio, inflammation and CVD risk in obese children." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 10 (January 2, 2014): 2378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013003285.

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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and specific biomarkers of inflammation, CVD risk and endothelial dysfunction in prepubertal obese children.DesignProspective, multicentre case–control study matched by age and sex.SettingChildren were recruited between May 2007 and May 2010 from primary-care centres and schools in three cities in Spain (Cordoba, Santiago de Compostela and Zaragoza).SubjectsFour hundred and forty-six (223 normal weight and 223 obese) Caucasian prepubertal children aged 6–12 years.ResultsWHtR was higher in the obese than in the normal-weight children. Blood pressure, waist circumference, weight, height, insulin, plasma lipids, leptin, resistin, abnormal neutrophil and monocyte counts, C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, myeloperoxidase, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, selectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels were higher in the obese than in the normal-weight group. Adiponectin and HDL-cholesterol were lower and glucose and metalloproteinase-9 showed no differences. Resistin, TNF-α and active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were associated with WHtR, a sensitive indicator of central obesity.ConclusionsOur results lead to the hypothesis that changes in biomarker levels of insulin resistance, inflammation and CVD risk before puberty might induce metabolic consequences of obesity in obese children before reaching adulthood.
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Yamashita, M., M. Kumagai, and Y. Miyazono. "Height to body weight ratio and spinal anaesthesia for ex-premature infants." Pediatric Anesthesia 4, no. 6 (November 1994): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.1994.tb00416.x.

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Mondol, Mostafizur Rahman, Fouzia Nasrin, and Dil Afroz Nahar. "Length-Weight Relationships, Condition Index and Sex Ratio of Mussel Lamellidens corrianus (Lea, 1834) in a Freshwater Lake, Northwest Bangladesh." Croatian Journal of Fisheries 74, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjf-2016-0025.

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Abstract Allometry, condition index and sex ratio in freshwater mussel Lamellidens corrianus (Lea, 1834) were studied from the freshwater lake at Rajshahi, Northwest Bangladesh during the summer 2013. The collected mussel specimens ranged from 3.69 cm to 9.98 cm in length, and 4.82 g to 80.67 g in weight. The study was focused on the relationships between length-height and length-weights (length-total weight, length-tissue wet weight, length-shell wet weight, length-tissue dry weight and length-shell dry weight), which were found not to be significantly different between male and female (P<0.05). The calculated regression equation of length-height relationship for the entire study period was H= 0.5215L-0.1482 for combined sex. The equations of length-total weight, length-tissue wet weight, length-shell weight, length-tissue dry weight and length-shell dry weight relationships of mussel were W= 0.1756L2.6775, W= 0.0261L2.8919, W= 0.0261L2.5524, W= 0.0065L2.8946 and W= 0.095L2.5109, respectively for combined sex. The relationships between length and height were linear, while that between length-weights follow the non-linear pattern. The overall male to female sex ratio was 1: 0.92 and did not differ significantly from the expected 1: 1 ratio (x2-test, P<0.05). The condition index for male, female and combined sex was 13.54, 13.97 and 13.74, respectively. The results of this study will provide baseline information for fisheries researchers and for the further assessment and management of mussels in the freshwater ecosystems of Bangladesh.
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Espinoza, S., C. R. Magni, V. Martínez, M. Ivković, and W. Gapare. "Genetic parameters for early growth and biomass traits of Pinus radiata D. Don under different water regimes." Silvae Genetica 62, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2013): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2013-0014.

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AbstractIn Chile, genetic improvement of Radiata pine has been directed towards characters such as volume, form and wood density. Estimation of genetic parameters for growth and biomass traits in young seedlings, as a tool for early indirect selection in the P. radiata breeding program, has not been explored yet. We aimed to estimate genetic parameters for growth and biomass traits. Five-month-old P. radiata seedlings grown under wellwatered (WW) and water stress (WS) regimes were evaluated. Root collar diameter, height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight, height/diameter ratio and root/shoot ratio were analyzed in both treatments. Trait with the highest heritability was root/shoot ratio in WW and WS regime (h2= 0.80 and 0.63 respectively). The highest genetic correlation was between height and shoot dry weight (rg= 0.90), under WW regime. In contrast, there were negative genetic correlations between root collar diameter and height/diameter ratio under WS regime. To breed for drought tolerance, traits such as height and root collar diameter would be effective targets for indirect selection since estimated heritabilities are high, there is sizable genetic variation, they are easily assessed, they can be measured non-destructively and they have a high genetic correlation with root/shoot ratio, a trait related to drought tolerance. The measurement of dry weights for early selection purposes is not recommended.
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Ergul-Erkec, Ozlem. "Relationships Between the 2D:4D Digit Ratio, Waist Circumference, Hand Preferences, Weight, Height, Waist-to-Height Ratio and BMI in a Turkish Population." International Journal of Morphology 37, no. 4 (December 2019): 1299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022019000401299.

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Riley, D. G., S. W. Coleman, C. C. Chase, T. A. Olson, and A. C. Hammond. "Genetic parameters for body weight, hip height, and the ratio of weight to hip height from random regression analyses of Brahman feedlot cattle12." Journal of Animal Science 85, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2005-651.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Weight: height ratio"

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Soares, émerson Mendes. "Recria de novilhas de corte em pastagem natural sob pastoreio contínuo e rotativo no outono-inverno." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10842.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The natural grasslands of the Pampa Biome has been the forage base to the livestock at the Rio Grande do Sul state for over three centuries. However, the studies relative to primary and secundary production are still, relativelly recents which, consequently, reflected in lower productives indices in this grasslands. The aim of this work was to evaluate the beef heifers' performance, at pre-mating stage, in two grazing methods using the sward height as the grazing intensity criteria. The treatments were two grazing methods (continuous and rotational) in a natural grassland at autumn-winter period with a same grazing intensity. The tester animals were beef heifers with initial age of 17 months and initial body weight of 258 kg. Evaluated variables were available forage mass (AFM), available forage on offer (AFF), height of the lower stratum (HLS), crude protein (CP), neuter detergent fiber (NDF), in situ organic matter digestibility (ISOMD), total digestible nutrients (TDN), average daily gain (ADG), body condition score (BCS), reproductive trait score (RTS) and stocking rate (SR). There was no interaction treatments×periods for any investigated variable. AFM and HLS were decreasing and the AFF was similar over time. CP and NDF were similar over time and ISOMD and TDN decreasing. The ADG was positive only at third experimental period while that BCS, RTS and SR decreasing over time. The animal performance achieved did not enable the corporal and reproductive development conditions to provide the mating of the heifers.
As pastagens naturais do Bioma Pampa tem sido a base forrageira da pecuária de corte no Rio Grande do Sul há mais de três séculos. Entretanto, os estudos relativos à produção primária e secundária nesse ecossistema ainda são, relativamente, recentes o quê, por sua vez, reflete nos baixos índices produtivos nas pastagens naturais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de novilhas de corte, na fase pré-acasalamento, em dois métodos de pastoreio utilizando a altura da pastagem como critério de intensidade de pastejo. Os tratamentos avaliados foram dois métodos de pastoreio (contínuo e rotativo) em uma pastagem natural no período outono-inverno sob uma mesma intensidade de pastejo. Os animais teste foram novilhas de corte com idade média inicial de 17 meses e peso corporal médio inicial de 258 kg. Massa de forragem disponibilizada e altura do estrato inferior foram decrescentes e a oferta de forragem disponibilizada semelhante ao longo do período experimental. Proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro foram semelhantes ao longo do período experimental e digestibilidade in situ da matéria orgânica e nutrientes digestíveis totais decresceram. O ganho médio diário foi positivo apenas no terceiro período experimental enquanto que escore de condição corporal, escore do trato reprodutivo e taxa de lotação decresceram. O desempenho animal obtido não possibilitou condições de desenvolvimento corporal e do trato reprodutivo que propiciassem o acasalamento das mesmas aos 24 meses de idade.
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BÖHMOVÁ, Kateřina. "Vývoj základních tělesných rozměrů kojených dětí ve věku od 6 do 12 měsíců." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-54780.

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The aim of this diploma is to study the development of basic body measurements of infants 6 to 12 months old being exclusively breastfed up to 4 months of age, with continued breastfeeding along with appropriate complementary foods up to one year of age or beyond. The monitored physical parameters were the body length, weight, and head circumference. The anthropometric data were collected according to a standardized (Martin-Saller?s) method or its modification. For statistical comparison sorting of the age categories according to the WHO recommendation was made. Our data were compared (t-test, Z-score) with the results of the previous surveys of Czech children. Comparison of results of our study and previous anthropological survey showed lower mean values of weight-height ratio in our file. The questionnaire of mothers? somatic and further characteristics was evaluated. The part of this study involves also the evaluation of Life Satisfaction Questionnaire of primiparous mothers. It has been found that general life content of primiparous mothers is influenced by positive assessment of financial situation particularly. Researched somatic data about children are a part of the national anthropological survey of the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) in Prague. The collected data sets can serve as a tool to creating standards for the current population of breastfed children.
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Book chapters on the topic "Weight: height ratio"

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Rossner, Stefan. "Obesity as a health problem." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 1637–39. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.1205.

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Obesity is defined as an excess of body fat that is sufficient to adversely affect health. The prevalence of obesity has been difficult to study because many countries have had their own specific criteria for the classification of different degrees of overweight. However, during the 1990s, the body mass index (weight in kg/height in metres squared), or BMI, became a universally accepted measure of the degree of overweight and now identical limits are recommended. The most frequently accepted classification of overweight and obesity in adults by the WHO is shown in Table 12.1.1.1 (1). In many community studies in affluent societies this scheme has been simplified and cut-off points of 25 and 30 kg/m2 are used for descriptive purposes of overweight and obesity. Both the prevalence of very low BMI (below 18.5 kg/m2) and very high BMI (40 kg/m2 or higher) are usually low, in the order of 1–2% or less. There are some indications that the limits used to designate obesity or overweight in Asian populations may be lowered by several units of BMI; this would greatly affect estimates of the prevalence of obesity. In countries such as China and India with each over a billion inhabitants, small changes in the criteria for overweight or obesity potentially increase the world estimate of obesity by several hundred million (currently estimates are about 250 million worldwide). The distribution of abdominal fat should be considered for an accurate classification of overweight and obesity with respect to the health risks (Table 12.1.1.2). Traditionally this has been indicated by a relatively high waist-to-hip circumference ratio; however, the waist circumference alone may be a better and simpler measure of abdominal fatness (2). In 1998 the National Institutes of Health adopted the BMI classification and combined this with limits for waist measurement (3). This classification proposes that the combination of overweight (BMI between 25 and 30 kg/m2) and moderate obesity (BMI between 30 and 35 kg/m2) with a large waist circumference (greater than or equal to 102 cm in men or greater than or equal to 88 cm in women) carries additional risk (3).
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Yeung, KH, GCW Man, ALH Hung, TP Lam, JCY Cheng, and WCW Chu. "Morphological changes of intervertebral disc in relation with curve severity of patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis – a T2-weighted MRI study." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210431.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphological changes of intervertebral discs (IVD) and vertebral bodies (VB) in AIS girls according to the subgroups with different curve severity by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study included 33 age-matched female controls and 76 AIS girls with a right-sided thoracic curvature. Wedge angle, height ratio and distance ratio of VB and IVD were measured on the best midline coronal and sagittal planes from reformatted MRI spine. Volumes of VB, IVD and nucleus pulposus (NP) were evaluated on volumetric images. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was used. There was significant difference in wedge angle and height ratio of VB and IVD between AIS and controls. In severe-AIS, the position of NP was significantly shifted to the convexity when compared with non-severe AIS and controls. Whereas, the volume of IVD and NP in severe-AIS was found to be significantly smaller. On top of coronal wedging of VB and IVD, there was significantly reduced volume of IVD and NP in severe-AIS patients, despite T2 signal of IVD was preserved. The current findings indicate that early mechanical effects on the discs and vertebrae in adolescent scoliotic spine is evident on quantitative imaging. Importantly, these patients may be vulnerable to disc degeneration if no operative treatment is prescribed.
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"Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations." In Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations, edited by Sara E. Gilk, Douglas B. Molyneaux, Toshihide Hamazaki, Jason A. Pawluk, and William D. Templin. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874110.ch10.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—The existence of both fall and summer chum salmon <em>Oncorhynchus keta </em>populations in the Kuskokwim River was not recognized by fishery managers until the mid-1990s. Harvest statistics currently do not distinguish between fall and summer chum salmon, and escapement of fall chum salmon is not monitored. Some of the yet undescribed characteristics of fall chum salmon in 2004 are examined by comparing spawning populations of fall and summer chum salmon sampled from four tributaries of the Kuskokwim River. Fall chum salmon (<em>n </em>= 336) and summer chum salmon (<em>n </em>= 1,964) were examined for mideye-fork length, maximum dorsal-ventral height, maximum width, age, and sex. Fecundity parameters were measured for 15 to 20 females from each of the four sample groups. A baseline of genetic markers was developed for Kuskokwim River chum salmon populations, and its utility for identifying fall chum salmon was evaluated. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant difference in size between fall and summer chum salmon, although the differences were not overt to casual observation. The fall chum salmon population had a greater percentage of age-3 fish, but sex ratios were similar. There was no significant difference in fecundity, but fall chum salmon had significantly smaller mean egg weights than summer chum salmon. Analysis of 31 single nucleotide polymorphisms among nine Kuskokwim River spawning populations demonstrated sufficient genetic differences between fall and summer chum populations to distinguish the two runs in mixed stock analyses with a high degree of accuracy (> 92%). Analysis of mixed stock chum salmon catches from fish wheels operated near Kalskag indicated a low occurrence of fall chum salmon in 2004, but no definitive conclusion could be made about run timing past Kalskag. Although fall chum salmon appear to constitute a small proportion of the overall Kuskokwim River chum salmon run, this unique group is an important component of the overall biodiversity and should be maintained to foster long-term sustainable harvest of salmon against changing environmental conditions. This preliminary description of the biology of Kuskokwim River fall chum salmon is the first step in including these distinct populations in sustainable chum salmon management.
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"Lack of parental interaction and support has consistently been found to be crippling to the development of young children. Spitz's (1945,1947) widely quoted study of foundling homes versus nursery care related maternal and social deprivation to increased infant mortality, susceptibility to disease, retardation in growth, and failure to achieve developmental milestones. Whereas the Spitz study compared the effects of interaction between two highly specialized environments, McCarthy and Booth (1970) found evidence of a syndrome resembling Spitz' "hospitalism" occurring in children living at home with their parents. The most prominent abnormalities they described were dwarfism and subnormal weight/height ratios, interestingly, with little or no evidence of malnutrition. Behaviorally, the children exhibited varying degrees of bodily neglect, apathy, subnormal intelligence, and the inability to play. When these children from 10 families were removed from their homes and placed in the hospital, where it is assumed that a different type of interaction occurred between them and the staff than occurred in their homes, their symptoms, including the dwarfism, were reversed in most cases. While this study was focused explicitly on mothers, like so many studies of mother-infant interaction, the kind of relationship that developed could not have been made possible without either the absence of a father or other available caregiver(s). Behind many studies of negative dyadic interactions is a larger family drama. Such patterns are significantly more difficult to conceptualize and to investi-gate than the study of dyads. At the opposite end of the Ufe cycle, a study by Greene, Goldstein, and Moss (1972) of the psychosocial aspects of sudden death found that among men who developed myocardial infarction, considerable psychological distress had been evoked by circumstances in which there were departures or current disappointing conflicts between the patient and son or daughter, especially a son. Van Heijingen (1966) noted a similar pattern when he reported that rejection by a loved one frequently preceded the clinical emergence of coronary disease. Loss of social supports—particularly loss of a spouse—has been implicated over and over again in rapidly deteriorating health and, not uncommonly, death. Studies of psychosocial correlates of the onset of cancer repeatedly point to torn family relationships as high risk factors in the development of cancer. Similarly, when Parkes, Benjamin, and Fitzgerald (1969) followed the death rates of 4,486 widowers of 55 years of age and older for 9 years fol-lowing the death of their wives, they found that 213 died during the first 6 months of bereavement, 40% over the expected death rate for married men." In Family Medicine, 50–52. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315060781-9.

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"Hockett TABLE 4 Broad and Narrow Sense Heritability and Genetic Advance Estimates for Grain Yield Components and Other Agronomic Characteristics Since 1964 Heritability" Broad sense Narrow sense Genetic advanceb Number Number Number Average Range references Average Range references Average Range references Characteristic (%) (%) reviewed (%) (%) reviewed (%) (%) reviewed Grain yield 44 5-93 26 27 0-54 11 23 3-46 10 Spike number 49 3-98 24 34 14-66 9 33 4-113 12 Kernels/spike 64 15-99 23 39 2-91 12 28 3-71 8 Kernel weight 63 24-99 22 43 13-78 10 12 2-22 9 Heading date 74 19-100 17 60 34-92 6 10 1-23 9 Lodging score 66 41-88 5 27 6-38 3 123 1 Plant height 66 4-99 30 41 8-73 13 15 1-44 11 Grain protein 53 5-98 14 32 8-76 4 16 5-22 3 Grain plumpness 62 34-90 5 43 24-58 3 18 11-24 2 Diastatic power Barley 82 55-94 5 58 23-94 3 20 Malt 68 50-86 2 Extract Barley 59 43-71 3 12 8-16 211 Malt 57 46-69 3 Spike length 66 3-98 17 50 44-56 5 20 4-34 8 'Computations were most often on the plot basis, but some were on a plant or trial mean basis. 'Given as percentage of the mean. Source: Ref. 15. barley [41] and have been used to produce homozygous sp. spontaneum and bulbosum have about 3000 and 600 lines and study segregation ratios and linkage values in ga-ascensions, respectively [46,47]. The locations of the ma-metes produced by F1 plants (haploids); produce aneu-jor base germplasm collections are shown in Table 5. ploids (triploids); and attempt to produce commercial, 2n = Working germplasm collections are found in Brazil, Bul-4x = 28 chromosome barleys (autotetraploids). Individual garia, the Czech Republic, England, Germany, Slovakia, pairs of barley chromosomes have been added to the chro-Syria, the Netherlands, the United States, and Russia [48]. mosome complement of wheat [41] and used to make ge-Many composite crosses of barley are maintained in the netic and evolutionary studies of barley. Figure 8 shows a United States, with CCXLVII being the last one assigned a micrograph of barley chromosomes. number by the USDA-ARS collection [49]. A new strategy to physically relate RFLP-based genetic Recent attempts have been made to set up "core" col-linkage maps with cytological markers of the barley chro-lections of barley germplasm [50,51]. Selection of these mosomes has been devised by Sorokin et al. [44]. Morpho-genotypes can be divided into four steps: (1) definition of logically distinct translocation chromosome were mi-domain, (2) division into genetically distinct types, (3) al-croisolated, and their DNA was used as a template for location of entries over types, and (4) choice of entries polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. [51]. Cross [50] has integrated both simply inherited phe-A recent review of these techniques in cereals is given by notypically obvious markers with electrophoretic patterns Kunzel and Korzun [45]. in setting up a core collection. D. Germplasm Resources 2. Wide Crosses Reviews describing the wide crosses made in barley are 1. Collections given by von Bothmer [47,52] and Fedak [53,54]. The ori-About 25,000 barley landraces plus 25,000 breeder lines gin, taxonomy, and related species of barley are described and cultivars are preserved in collections of barley [52], as are the incompatibility, mechanisms, and cytoge-throughout the world [46]. In addition, the wild H. vulgare netics of wild barley crosses [53]. There is a general lack." In Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology, Revised and Expanded, 104–10. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420027228-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Weight: height ratio"

1

Kyprianidis, Konstantinos G., and Andrew M. Rolt. "On the Optimisation of a Geared Fan Intercooled Core Engine Design." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26064.

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Reduction of CO2 emissions is strongly linked with the improvement of engine specific fuel consumption, as well as the reduction of engine nacelle drag and weight. One alternative design approach to improving specific fuel consumption is to consider a geared fan combined with an increased overall pressure ratio intercooled core performance cycle. Thermal benefits from intercooling have been well documented in the literature. Nevertheless, there is little information available in the public domain with respect to design space exploration of such an engine concept when combined with a geared fan. The present work uses a multidisciplinary conceptual design tool to further analyse the option of an intercooled core geared fan aero engine for long haul applications with a 2020 entry into service technology level assumption. The proposed design methodology is capable, with the utilised tool, of exploring the interaction of design criteria and providing critical design insight at engine-aircraft system level. Previous work by the authors focused on understanding the design space for this particular configuration with minimum specific fuel consumption, engine weight and mission fuel in mind. This was achieved by means of a parametric analysis, varying several engine design parameters — but only one at a time. The present work attempts to identify “globally” fuel burn optimal values for a set of engine design parameters by varying them all simultaneously. This permits the non-linear interactions between the parameters to be accounted. Special attention has been given to the fuel burn impact of the reduced HPC efficiency levels associated with low last stage blade heights. Three fuel optimal designs are considered, based on different assumptions. The results indicate that it is preferable to trade overall pressure ratio and pressure ratio split exponent, rather than specific thrust, as means of increasing blade height and hence reducing the associated fuel consumption penalties. It is interesting to note that even when considering the effect of HPC last stage blade height on efficiency there is still an equivalently good design at a reduced overall pressure ratio. This provides evidence that the overall economic optimum could be for a lower overall pressure ratio cycle. Customer requirements such as take-off distance and time to height play a very important role in determining a fuel optimal engine design. Tougher customer requirements result in bigger and heavier engines that burn more fuel. Higher overall pressure ratio intercooled engine cycles clearly become more attractive in aircraft applications that require larger engine sizes.
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Smith, Sonya T., Mohsen Mosleh, and Khosro A. Shirvani. "Role of Particle Size to Channel Thickness Ratio on Performance of Nanofluids in Micro-Channels." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66860.

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Experimental and numerical investigations were conducted to explore the viability of single-phase nanofluids for microchannel cooling. The experiments were conducted with water/ethylene glycol-based nanofluids to investigate the thermal conductivity enhancement. In the numerical analysis, micro-channels ranged in width from 40 μm to 90 μm with the fixed channel height were considered. Thermal conductivity enhancements of nearly 14% at particle concentration of 0.1% by weight was observed in the experiments. Numerical predictions suggest that design variables (particle size and channel aspect ratio) and thermo-physical properties of the nanofluid have a significant effect on the thermal performance of micro-channel heat sinks. It was shown that at fixed Reynold number, reduction of channel width reduces the hydraulic pressure loss and the heat transfer coefficient, and utilizing nanofluids increases these parameters.
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Menchi, Aarón Rivas, Hugo I. Medellín Castillo, Dirk F. de Lange, and Pedro de J. García Zugasti. "Influence of Geometrical Parameters on the Maximum Deep Drawing Height of Rectangular Parts." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36924.

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The deep drawing process is commonly used in the industry because its ability to produce parts with reduced weight and good mechanical properties at a high production rates. However, the elasto-plastic deformation mechanism of deep drawing is complex and difficult to analyse; this because there are many process parameters and variables involved that affect the quality of final products. Among these variables are the geometric parameters, which have been proved to have a great influence on the process. Theoretical and experimental analyses reported in the literature have been mainly focused on conventional cylindrical cup deep drawing. Few research works have dealt with the deep drawing analysis of non-cylindrical parts, particularly the influence of geometrical parameters on the deep drawing performance. This paper presents an analysis of the effect of geometrical parameters on the allowable deep drawing height (DDH) of rectangular parts before fracture. The aim is to identify the influence of the main geometrical parameters on the DDH, Numerical analyses based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) were used to investigate the influence of geometrical parameters, such as the radii, the metal sheet thickness, and the aspect ratio, among others, on the DDH.
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Ozer, Mutlu. "The Formulations of Shear Force and Overturning Moment of the Large-Upright-Unanchored Industrial Liquid Storage Tanks Subjected to Horizontal Ground Excitations." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71043.

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The dynamic response analysis is performed for the formulations of shear force and overturning moment of the large-upright-unanchored industrial liquid storage tanks subjected to horizontal ground acceleration. As the tank is accelerated in the horizontal direction, it tends to uplift from its foundation, and hydrodynamic pressures on the tank wall vary with height in non-linear fashion. In this study, the distribution of hydrodynamic pressures and its center are directly correlated to formulate shear force and overturning moment. Initially, the equations of shear force and overturning moment derived by assuming hydrodynamic pressures exerted on tank wall vary in parabolic trend. Then derived equations are multiplied by dynamic coefficients, which are basically the function of peak ground acceleration, excitation frequency and the ratio of liquid’s height to radius of tanks. Dynamic coefficients are formulated through the shake table experiment of the model tanks excited by computer generated ground motion. The equations proposed in this paper for base shear and overturning moment are only the function of total weight of tank, the ratio of liquid’s height to radius, specific weight of liquid and dynamic coefficients for shear force and overturning moment. Therefore, proposed equations are very simple, efficient and easy to perform in calculating of shear forces and overturning moments of the large-upright industrial liquid storage tanks subjected to lateral earthquake loads. The results are verified with different codes (e.g. Eurocode8, API and AWWA-100...).
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Karpat, F., and S. Ekwaro-Osire. "Efficiency of the High Contact Ratio Involute Spur Gears With Asymmetric Teeth." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40933.

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Gears with asymmetric teeth have unique potential for application in gearboxes, particularly when uni-directional loading is applied. Most recently, gears with asymmetric teeth have received much attention for use in applications that require high performance due to increased load capacity. Such applications include aircraft and wind turbine. These gears offer flexibility to designers due to their non-standard design. In asymmetric teeth, the geometry of the drive side is not to be symmetric to the coast side. In other words, the pressure angle on the drive side is greater or smaller than that on the coast side. Asymmetry between tooth sides provide vital in obtaining key properties, such as high load carrying capacity, low weight, low wear or low vibration. In order to effectively design asymmetric teeth, it is necessary to perform analyses on the efficiency of these gears under various loading. In this study, the results obtained on high contact ratio involute spur gears with asymmetric teeth are presented and discussed. The impact of a few design parameters, such as pressure angle or tooth height, on sliding velocities and friction is investigated and illustrated with numerical examples.
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Wu, Haoran, Xiaobin Lin, and Jie Zhang. "An Arrow-Shaped Honeycomb Pedestal With Negative Poisson Ratio and its Impact Resistance." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95745.

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Abstract The ship’s pedestal is the connection structure between the ship’s equipment and the hull, and is also the basis for the installation of the equipment. The pedestal bears both the static load generated by the weight of the equipment and the dynamic load generated during the operation of the equipment, and at the same time transmits the external load received by the hull to the equipment, and the load it bears is very complicated. If there is a problem with the pedestal in an impact environment, the accuracy of the system equipment will be affected, the system equipment will not work properly. Negative Poisson’s ration structures have a unique set of properties because of their tensile expansion, such as increased shear modulus, enhanced fracture toughness, better energy absorption and co-curvature. In recent years, the negative Poisson’s ration honeycomb structure has been applied to the pedestal of marine equipment, which demonstrates good vibration damping effect. However, the pedestal has two functions: vibration damping and impact resistance, there is not much research on the impact resistance of the pedestal. In this paper, an “arrow-shaped” honeycomb pedestal is taken as the research object. Firstly, the analytical expression of the Poisson’s ration of the honeycomb pedestal is derived theoretically and the influence of each parameter on the Poisson’s ration is analyzed. Secondly, the effect of Poisson’s ration on the impact resistance of the pedestal was analyzed by ensuring that the pedestal height was constant. It was found that with the reduction of Poisson’s ration, the impact resistance of the pedestal and the output impact environment of the pedestal panel were effectively optimized. Finally, by ensuring that the height of the pedestal is constant and the Poisson’s ration is the same, the influence of the number of honeycomb layers on the impact resistance of the pedestal is analyzed.
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7

Ranu, Harcharan Singh, and Aman Sweet Bhullar. "Simulation of Stress-Fracture in Human Vertebral Body due to Extreme Weight Lifting." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63080.

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Lumbar vertebrae are a heavily loaded component of human body. They are subjected to repetitive loading in daily activities. However, limited information on failure mechanism of lumbar vertebrae are available to date. Thus, the need to develop an analytical model to predict stress-fracture characteristics of vertebral body. A linear elastic fracture mechanics approach has been considered and a mathematical model has been proposed so that the predictions can be made more easily related to the occurrence of injury. Study reveals that for a person weighing 1334 N and lifting a weight of 345 kg during squat exercise causes a vertebral stress-fracture at 12 repetitive standing lifting. While same load at lowest position yields a stress-fracture at less than 3 lifting. Numerical study shows that for change of position from standing to lowest position resultant compressive force acting on spine increases by two times whereas the possibility of stress-fracture increases by five times. Similarly at dead lift exercise, lifting 325 kg from standing to lowest position increases resultant compressive forces on vertebrae by 2.5 times. However, stress-fracture ratio increases by six times. Study reveals that for a person weighing 800 N (height = 1.8 m) and lifting a weight of 900 N, vertebrae can be subjected to stress-fracture by three cyclic lifting. Rate of injury is dependent on flexion angle i.e. as flexion angle increases, so does rate of injury.
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8

Sanz, W., M. Kelterer, R. Pecnik, A. Marn, and E. Go¨ttlich. "Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Tip Leakage Flow on an Aggressive S-Shaped Intermediate Turbine Duct." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59535.

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The demand of a further increased bypass ratio of aero engines will lead to low pressure turbines with larger diameters which rotate at lower speed. Therefore, it is necessary to guide the flow leaving the high pressure turbine to the low pressure turbine at a larger diameter without any loss generating separation or flow disturbances. Due to costs and weight this intermediate turbine duct has to be as short as possible. This leads to an aggressive (high diffusion) S-shaped duct geometry. In order to investigate the influence of the blade tip gap height of a preceding rotor on such a high-diffusion duct flow a detailed measurement campaign in the Transonic Test Turbine Facility at Graz University of Technology has been performed. A high diffusion intermediate duct is arranged downstream a high-pressure turbine stage providing an exit Mach number of about 0.6 and a swirl angle of −15 degrees (counter swirl). A low-pressure vane row is located at the end of the duct and represents the counter rotating low pressure turbine at larger diameter. At the ASME 2007, results of these investigations were presented for two different tip gap heights of 1.5% span (0.8 mm) and 2.4% span (1.3 mm). In order to better understand the flow phenomena observed in the intermediate duct a detailed numerical study is conducted. The unsteady flow through the whole configuration is simulated for both gap heights as well as for a rotor with zero gap height. The unsteady data are compared at the stage exit and inside the duct to study the flow physics. The calculation of the zero gap height configuration allows to determine the influence of the tip leakage flow of the preceding rotor on the intermediate turbine duct. It turns out that for this aggressive duct the tip leakage flow has a very positive effect on the pressure recovery.
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9

Zhao, Xin, Oskar Thulin, and Tomas Grönstedt. "First and Second Law Analysis of Intercooled Turbofan Engine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43187.

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Although the benefits of intercooling for aero engine applications have been realized and discussed in many publications, quantitative details are still relatively limited. In order to strengthen the understanding of aero engine intercooling, detailed performance data on optimized intercooled turbofan engines are provided. Analysis is conducted using an exergy breakdown, i.e. quantifying the losses into a common currency by applying a combined use of the first and second law of thermodynamics. Optimal intercooled geared turbofan engines for a long range mission are established with CFD based two-pass cross flow tubular intercooler correlations. By means of a separate variable nozzle, the amount of intercooler coolant air can be optimized to different flight conditions. Exergy analysis is used to assess how irreversibility is varying over the flight mission, allowing for a more clear explanation and interpretation of the benefits. The optimal intercooled geared turbofan engine provides a 4.5% fuel burn benefit over a non-intercooled geared reference engine. The optimum is constrained by the last stage compressor blade height. To further explore the potential of intercooling the constraint limiting the axial compressor last stage blade height is relaxed by introducing an axial radial high pressure compressor. The axial-radial high pressure ratio configuration allows for an ultra-high overall pressure ratio. With an optimal top-of-climb overall pressure ratio of 140, the configuration provides a 5.3% fuel burn benefit over the geared reference engine. The irreversibilities of the intercooler are broken down into its components to analyze the difference between the ultra-high overall pressure ratio axial-radial configuration and the purely axial configuration. An intercooler conceptual design method is used to predict pressure loss heat transfer and weight for the different overall pressure ratios. Exergy analysis combined with results from the intercooler and engine conceptual design are used to support the conclusion that the optimal pressure ratio split exponent stays relatively independent of the overall engine pressure ratio.
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10

Ghoshal, Abhishek, Adnan Khan, Moosa Zahid, Salman Pervaiz, and Sathish Kannan. "Reviewing Machinability of Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP)/Metallic Stacks Using MQL." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10961.

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Abstract Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) assisted techniques are gaining popularity because of their lower environmental impact and cost effectiveness. Fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) are mainly utilized in the aerospace and automotive sectors, because of their high strength-to-weight ratio, low coefficient of thermal expansion, high corrosion resistance, high modulus to weight ratio and improved tensile strength. Besides that, they are extremely light weight and suitable for structural applications. For fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) composites, all of these properties in combination provide superior functional performance. In a wide range of applications dissimilar material stack-ups of composites and aluminum and/or titanium are used for wing or tail plane structures. Mostly these fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) composites are drilled to provide options for their assembly with other components. However, machining of these fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) composites is very hectic task. It is due to their high abrasive nature and high heat resistance. In this paper, the machinability of fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) composites was explored and reviewed when machined using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). The study was conducted by systematic selection of experimental and numerical studies from the latest published literature in state of the art. The study reviewed the effects of different parameters on the tool wear, thrust force, work-piece hole diameter, burr height and chip formation. The study provides critical insights about the potential and understanding of machining fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) composites under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) assisted methods.
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