Journal articles: 'Weight: height ratio'

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Moelyo, Annang Giri, Andre Christiawan Susanto, Bella Monika Rajagukguk, and Jonathan Billy Christian Tjiayadi. "Knee height and knee height/height ratio of healthy schoolchildren." Paediatrica Indonesiana 60, no. 5 (July 29, 2020): 233–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi60.5.2020.233-8.

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Background Knee height (KH) is rarely used to estimate stature in children, although its measurement might have benefit because not influenced by some musculoskeletal disorder in spinal region. Knee height and knee height/height ratio are typical in children due to different in pubertal timing of each child. Objective To derive a formula to estimate body height using knee height and to analyze the patterns of knee height and knee height/height ratio of healthy schoolchildren. Methods This cross-sectional study involved healthy children in one elementary school and one junior high school in Surakarta, Central Java. Demographic data were collected (sex, age, and ethnicity). All anthropometric measurements (height, weight, sitting height, and knee height) were taken three times, and their means were calculated. Linear regression analysis was used to compare height from knee height and sitting height. Non-parametric analysis through locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) was used to analyze the growth patterns of knee height, knee height/height ratio, and sitting height/height ratio. Results There were 633 children (328 boys and 305 girls) in this study. The formulas for the estimation of height were as follows: for boys, 2.40 × KH (cm) + 1.36 × age (years) + 20.31; and for girls, 2.48 × KH (cm) + 1.15 × age (years) + 19.58 (adjusted R2=0.97). Knee height increased earlier than sitting height in both boys and girls during childhood to adolescent period. Boys had a longer period of knee height increment than girls. Conclusion Knee height may be a useful alternative to estimate height in children. Knee height increases faster than height and sitting height in both boys and girls.

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Yatsko, Andrew. "Indexing adult obesity by waist-to-height and weight-to-height ratios." Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics 3, no. 2 (April 24, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jbei.v3n2p20.

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To date a vast evidence exists that the waist circumference to height ratio (WCHR) provides a better measure of obesity comparing to the body mass index (BMI). While weight and height are routinely obtained to calculate BMI, waist circumference, despite easily acquired, is often overlooked because the screening protocols, particularly for diabetes, demand BMI. This creates an obstacle for application of WCHR - a more definite measure than BMI for diagnostic of many linked to obesity metabolic disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and hypertension. This article is intended to fill the gap in the literature by providing a conversion from BMI to WCHR for five adult age categories. A strong linearity between the measures is demonstrated and equivalent to BMI WCHR thresholds are provided to identify normality, overweight as well as obesity and other points. The analysis is based on the data from NHANES. Different forms of BMI are also discussed and a strong linearity between them is demonstrated. An obesity index based on simple weight to height ratio to match the standard levels is proposed. The equivalence between the proposed and existing obesity indices is tested on the original data with promising results.

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Moelyo, Annang Giri, Lucky Yogasatria, Yusak Aditya Setyawan, and Evi Rokhayati. "Sitting height, sitting height/height ratio, arm span and arm span-height difference of healthy adolescents in Surakarta, Indonesia." Paediatrica Indonesiana 58, no. 3 (June 8, 2018): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi58.3.2018.138-45.

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Background Sitting height, sitting height/height ratio (SHR), arm span, and arm span-height difference (AHD) are indices to diagnose conditions of disproportion. Reference data on sitting height, SHR, arm span, and AHD for Indonesian children are limited. Objective To compile reference data on sitting height, SHR, arm span, and AHD in Indonesian adolescents, and to compare these indices for boys and girls at various ages. Methods A population-based survey was conducted from August 2016 to November 2017 in three high schools in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. A convenience sampling method was employed to recruit healthy adolescents without history of chronic disease, history of physical trauma, and/or physical disabilities. All subjects underwent anthropometric measurements (height, weight, sitting height, and arm span), and their ethnic origins were noted. The lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method was used for reference construction. Results Of 639 subjects, 42% were male. Body mass index (BMI) values were similar between males and females. Mean height, weight, sitting height, and arm span of males were greater than those of females. The mean male and female SHRs were 51.1 (SD 1.6) % and 51.0 (SD 1.6) %, respectively (P=0.36), while the mean AHDs were 4.2 (SD 4.5) cm and 3.4 (SD 4.1) cm, respectively (P=0.02). The formula to estimate height based on arm span in males was [height = (0.78 x arm span) + 32.14] in cm. The formula in females was [height = (0.66 x arm span) + 50.59] in cm. Conclusion There was no significant difference in SHR between male and female adolescents. However, males haVE significantly larger mean AHD than females. We provide references on sitting height, SHR, arm span, and AHD in male and female adolescents.

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Gyansah, Lawrence, and A. M. Abd El-Aty. "Experimental Study of the Deformation Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Fresh Reinforced Bamboo." Advanced Materials Research 1102 (May 2015): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1102.173.

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A bstract. This paper investigates the deformation behavior of reinforced fresh bamboo subjected to static-compressive loading condition. Crushing strength test was performed using Uniaxial Compression Machine with maximum loading capacity of 1500 kN. The data is plotted as strength to weight ratio versus height, strength to volume ratio versus height, failure stress versus height, load versus time of failure and load to height ratio versus time of failure. Result shows that increase in height of the fresh reinforced bamboo increases the strength and vice versa. The moisture content also has significant influence on the strength of the fresh reinforced bamboo. The moisture content reduced the strength of the fresh reinforced bamboo by 21.8 %. This percentage is really significant in structural analysis since it can cause catastrophic failure to structures. Concrete is significant in reinforcing bamboo structures for a better strength. The crushing stresses for fresh reinforced bamboo of heights 250 , 210 ,170 , 130 and 90 mm were found to be 26.09 , 25.52 , 24.85 , 21.97 , 21.86 MPa respectively. The failure stress of the bamboo is about say 1.26 M times the weight of the bamboo per square meter. The specific compressive strength which explains the bending moment per kilogram of the bamboo specimen also increases with increases in height. Failure stress to weight ratio decreases with increases with the height of the bamboo. Strength to volume ratio also decreases with increases with the height from the bamboo.

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Olza, Josune, Concepcion M. Aguilera, Mercedes Gil-Campos, Rosaura Leis, Gloria Bueno, Miguel Valle, Ramon Cañete, Rafael Tojo, Luis A. Moreno, and Angel Gil. "Waist-to-height ratio, inflammation and CVD risk in obese children." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 10 (January 2, 2014): 2378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013003285.

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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and specific biomarkers of inflammation, CVD risk and endothelial dysfunction in prepubertal obese children.DesignProspective, multicentre case–control study matched by age and sex.SettingChildren were recruited between May 2007 and May 2010 from primary-care centres and schools in three cities in Spain (Cordoba, Santiago de Compostela and Zaragoza).SubjectsFour hundred and forty-six (223 normal weight and 223 obese) Caucasian prepubertal children aged 6–12 years.ResultsWHtR was higher in the obese than in the normal-weight children. Blood pressure, waist circumference, weight, height, insulin, plasma lipids, leptin, resistin, abnormal neutrophil and monocyte counts, C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, myeloperoxidase, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, selectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels were higher in the obese than in the normal-weight group. Adiponectin and HDL-cholesterol were lower and glucose and metalloproteinase-9 showed no differences. Resistin, TNF-α and active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were associated with WHtR, a sensitive indicator of central obesity.ConclusionsOur results lead to the hypothesis that changes in biomarker levels of insulin resistance, inflammation and CVD risk before puberty might induce metabolic consequences of obesity in obese children before reaching adulthood.

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Yamashita, M., M. Kumagai, and Y. Miyazono. "Height to body weight ratio and spinal anaesthesia for ex-premature infants." Pediatric Anesthesia 4, no. 6 (November 1994): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.1994.tb00416.x.

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Mondol, Mostafizur Rahman, Fouzia Nasrin, and Dil Afroz Nahar. "Length-Weight Relationships, Condition Index and Sex Ratio of Mussel Lamellidens corrianus (Lea, 1834) in a Freshwater Lake, Northwest Bangladesh." Croatian Journal of Fisheries 74, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjf-2016-0025.

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Abstract Allometry, condition index and sex ratio in freshwater mussel Lamellidens corrianus (Lea, 1834) were studied from the freshwater lake at Rajshahi, Northwest Bangladesh during the summer 2013. The collected mussel specimens ranged from 3.69 cm to 9.98 cm in length, and 4.82 g to 80.67 g in weight. The study was focused on the relationships between length-height and length-weights (length-total weight, length-tissue wet weight, length-shell wet weight, length-tissue dry weight and length-shell dry weight), which were found not to be significantly different between male and female (P<0.05). The calculated regression equation of length-height relationship for the entire study period was H= 0.5215L-0.1482 for combined sex. The equations of length-total weight, length-tissue wet weight, length-shell weight, length-tissue dry weight and length-shell dry weight relationships of mussel were W= 0.1756L2.6775, W= 0.0261L2.8919, W= 0.0261L2.5524, W= 0.0065L2.8946 and W= 0.095L2.5109, respectively for combined sex. The relationships between length and height were linear, while that between length-weights follow the non-linear pattern. The overall male to female sex ratio was 1: 0.92 and did not differ significantly from the expected 1: 1 ratio (x2-test, P<0.05). The condition index for male, female and combined sex was 13.54, 13.97 and 13.74, respectively. The results of this study will provide baseline information for fisheries researchers and for the further assessment and management of mussels in the freshwater ecosystems of Bangladesh.

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Espinoza, S., C. R. Magni, V. Martínez, M. Ivković, and W. Gapare. "Genetic parameters for early growth and biomass traits of Pinus radiata D. Don under different water regimes." Silvae Genetica 62, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2013): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2013-0014.

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AbstractIn Chile, genetic improvement of Radiata pine has been directed towards characters such as volume, form and wood density. Estimation of genetic parameters for growth and biomass traits in young seedlings, as a tool for early indirect selection in the P. radiata breeding program, has not been explored yet. We aimed to estimate genetic parameters for growth and biomass traits. Five-month-old P. radiata seedlings grown under wellwatered (WW) and water stress (WS) regimes were evaluated. Root collar diameter, height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight, height/diameter ratio and root/shoot ratio were analyzed in both treatments. Trait with the highest heritability was root/shoot ratio in WW and WS regime (h2= 0.80 and 0.63 respectively). The highest genetic correlation was between height and shoot dry weight (rg= 0.90), under WW regime. In contrast, there were negative genetic correlations between root collar diameter and height/diameter ratio under WS regime. To breed for drought tolerance, traits such as height and root collar diameter would be effective targets for indirect selection since estimated heritabilities are high, there is sizable genetic variation, they are easily assessed, they can be measured non-destructively and they have a high genetic correlation with root/shoot ratio, a trait related to drought tolerance. The measurement of dry weights for early selection purposes is not recommended.

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Ergul-Erkec, Ozlem. "Relationships Between the 2D:4D Digit Ratio, Waist Circumference, Hand Preferences, Weight, Height, Waist-to-Height Ratio and BMI in a Turkish Population." International Journal of Morphology 37, no. 4 (December 2019): 1299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022019000401299.

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Riley, D. G., S. W. Coleman, C. C. Chase, T. A. Olson, and A. C. Hammond. "Genetic parameters for body weight, hip height, and the ratio of weight to hip height from random regression analyses of Brahman feedlot cattle12." Journal of Animal Science 85, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2005-651.

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Wagman, Jeffrey B., Matthew D. Langley, and Valeri Farmer-Dougan. "Carrying their own weight: Dogs perceive changing affordances for reaching." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 1040–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1322990.

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Choices about when to transition between two modes of behaviour are determined by the fit between action capabilities and environmental properties. However, such transitions typically occur not at the absolute limits of action capabilities but rather based on the relative stability of each mode. People transition from an arm-only to an arm-plus-torso-reach, not when object distance exceeds arm length but when the stability of reaching with the arm-plus-torso exceeds that of reaching with the arm-only. To the extent that perception is supported by detection of invariant stimulation patterns, such a transition ought to reflect both the fit between action capabilities and environmental properties and the relative stability of modes regardless of species. We investigated the height at which dogs transitioned from reaching with the head-only to rearing when wearing a weighted backpack – a manipulation expected to decrease the stability of a head-only reach. As expected, the transition occurred at taller heights for tall than for short dogs but at the same ratio of treat-height-to-shoulder-height for both groups. This transition also occurred at shorter heights and smaller ratios of treat-height-to-shoulder-height when dogs wore a weighted backpack. The results suggest that stimulation patterns that support control of behaviour may be invariant across species.

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HAND, R. K., S. R. GOULD, J. A. BASARAB, and D. F. ENOSTROM. "CONDITION SCORE, BODY WEIGHT AND HIP HEIGHT AS PREDICTORS OF GAIN IN VARIOUS BREED CROSSES OF YEARLING STEERS ON PASTURE." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-093.

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Condition score, initial body weight and weight to hip height ratio were each negatively related to yearling steer gain on pasture but these relationships were too small to be of practical predictive value. Gain in the early part of the pasture season was a better predictor. A significant relationship (r = 0.71–0.86, P < 0.001) was noted between condition score and weight to hip height ratio. Key words: Yearling steers, condition score, hip height, pasture

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Flegal, K. M. "Ratio of actual to predicted weight as an alternative to a power-type weight-height index (Benn index)." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 540–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/51.4.540.

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AQUINO, CÉSAR FERNANDES, LUIZ CARLOS CHAMHUM SALOMÃO, PAULO ROBERTO CECON, DALMO LOPES DE SIQUEIRA2, and SÔNIA MACHADO ROCHA RIBEIRO. "PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BANANA CULTIVARS DEPENDING ON MATURATION STAGES." Revista Caatinga 30, no. 1 (March 2017): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252017v30n110rc.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to morphologically characterize 15 banana cultivars and assess the physical and chemical characteristics of their fruits at two maturation stages, unripe (pre-climacteric) and ripening. The plants were evaluated regarding their pseudostem height and diameter, petiole length, leaf blade length, width and length-to-width ratio. The cultivar Ouro had fruits with lower diameter, total length, market weight and fresh weight at both stages, and also firmer pulp when they were unripe. The cultivar Caru-Roxa had higher fresh fruit and pulp weights, and the cultivar Terrinha had the highest percentage of pulp dry weight percentage in unripe and ripe fruits. The cultivars Maçã and Ouro had higher pulp-to-peel ratio in unripe fruits. The ripe peels had lower fresh weight and thickness and higher dry weight percentage compared to unripe peels. The fruit peel of the cultivar Marmelo had the highest fresh weight at both stages. The cultivars Marmelo and Maçã had higher percentage of peel dry weight percentage at both stages. The unripe pulp had lower soluble solids. The titratable acidity in the pulp increased with ripening. The average plant height ranged from 2.25 to 6.15 m. The cultivars that had the largest pseudostem diameters had also the highest heights, except the Prata-Anã and Prata-Graúda. The cultivar and maturity stage influenced all the characteristics evaluated in fruits, except the total and market lengths, which did not vary with the ripening of fruits.

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Deaner, Robert O., Stefan M. M. Goetz, Kraig Shattuck, and Tony Schnotala. "Body weight, not facial width-to-height ratio, predicts aggression in pro hockey players." Journal of Research in Personality 46, no. 2 (April 2012): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2012.01.005.

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McNie, C., D. C. Barton, M. H. Stone, and J. Fisher. "Prediction of plastic strains in ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene due to microscopic asperity interactions during sliding wear." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 212, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954411981533818.

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Studies of explanted femoral heads have shown that scratches caused by bone cement, bone or metallic particles are present on the rubbing surface. This damage has been cited as a cause of increased wear of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular cups and it is known that the particulate wear debris produced leads to osteolysis. A series of explanted Charnley femoral heads have been surface characterized using a Talysurf 6 profilometer and found to have scratches with lip heights in the size range 0.1–3.25 μm with an average height of 1 μm giving an average aspect ratio (defined as height/half-width) of 0.1. These geometries were incorporated into a finite element model of a stainless steel asperity sliding over UHMWPE under conditions similar to those in an artificial hip system. It was found that as the aspect ratio of the asperity lip increased, the plastic strains both on and below the surface of the UHMWPE increased non-linearly, but that the magnitude of the strain was independent of the asperity height. The asperity aspect ratio was also found to affect the position of the maximum sub-surface strain, as the asperity aspect ratio was increased the maximum strain rose to the surface. The high plastic strains predicted offer an explanation for the highly elevated wear rates in scratched counterface tests and the aspect ratio of scratch lips is therefore a critical determinant of plastic strain.

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Jelinek, Herbert F., Andrew Stranieri, Andrew Yatsko, and Sitalakshmi Venkatraman. "Personalised measures of obesity using waist to height ratios from an Australian health screening program." DIGITAL HEALTH 5 (January 2019): 205520761984436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055207619844362.

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Objectives The aim of the current study is to generate waist circumference to height ratio cut-off values for obesity categories from a model of the relationship between body mass index and waist circumference to height ratio. We compare the waist circumference to height ratio discovered in this way with cut-off values currently prevalent in practice that were originally derived using pragmatic criteria. Method Personalized data including age, gender, height, weight, waist circumference and presence of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease for 847 participants over eight years were assembled from participants attending a rural Australian health review clinic (DiabHealth). Obesity was classified based on the conventional body mass index measure (weight/height 2 ) and compared to the waist circumference to height ratio. Correlations between the measures were evaluated on the screening data, and independently on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey that included age categories. Results This article recommends waist circumference to height ratio cut-off values based on an Australian rural sample and verified using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database that facilitates the classification of obesity in clinical practice. Gender independent cut-off values are provided for waist circumference to height ratio that identify healthy (waist circumference to height ratio ≥0.45), overweight (0.53) and the three obese (0.60, 0.68, 0.75) categories verified on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset. A strong linearity between the waist circumference to height ratio and the body mass index measure is demonstrated. Conclusion The recommended waist circumference to height ratio cut-off values provided a useful index for assessing stages of obesity and risk of chronic disease for improved healthcare in clinical practice.

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Leung, A. K. L., J. C. Y. Cheng, M. Zhang, Y. Fan, and X. Dong. "Contact force ratio: A new parameter to assess foot arch function." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 28, no. 2 (August 2004): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640408726701.

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Static footprint parameters have been used to quantify arch height with conflicting results. This could be caused by the inherent inaccuracy and variations of the methodology used. Since the foot is a dynamic structure that undergoes changes during a step, it is more desirable to capture and analyse the dynamic footprint at an instant during the gait cycle that can most closely reflect the weight-bearing foot function. Forty (40) volunteer subjects were recruited for the reliability test of a new parameter, the Contact Force Ratio (CFR), derived from dynamic footprint. This is a measure of midfoot loading during gait. The mid-gait dynamic footprints were collected using a pressure sensing mat. Results of ICC tests showed that the CFR had good intratester (0.918) and intertester (0.909) reliability. The validity of the method was examined by correlating the parameter to the functional change in arch height, i.e. the Navicular Drop between the non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing conditions.

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Rahman, Qazi, Mari Korhonen, and Ayesha Aslam. "Sexually dimorphic 2D:4D ratio, height, weight, and their relation to number of sexual partners." Personality and Individual Differences 39, no. 1 (July 2005): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.12.007.

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Ashwell, M., and S. Lejeune. "Ratio of waist circumference to height may be better indicator of need for weight management." BMJ 312, no. 7027 (February 10, 1996): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.312.7027.377.

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Ding, Jinfeng, Shengnan Su, Yuxue Zhang, Chunyan Li, Xinkai Zhu, and Wenshan Guo. "Seedling Growth and Recovery in Response to Waterlogging of Wheat Cultivars Grown in the Yangtze River Basin of China from Three Different Decades." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 4 (March 14, 2017): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n4p128.

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Waterlogging is a major constraint on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, especially in the Yangtze River Basin of China (YR). A container experiment was designed to investigate wheat-seedling growth and short-term recoveryin response to waterlogging. Cultivars commonly grown in theYR from three different decades, namely, Yangmai 1 (1970s), Yangmai 158 (1990s), and Yangfumai 4 (2010s), were selected. Seedling waterlogging significantly postponed leaf development, as well as decreased the number of tillers and adventitious roots per plant, seedling height, leaf area, specific leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and root/shoot ratio. After a 20-day recovery phase, the leaf stage, seedling height, and root/shoot ratio recovered to the control level, whereas the adverse effects of waterlogging on the number of tillers per plant, leaf area, and shoot dry weight intensified. Significant differences were found in seedling growth among the three wheat cultivars. Yangfumai 4 showed the highest number of adventitious rootsper plant and the highest specific leaf dry weightbut the lowest seedling height, leaf area, and dry weights of shoots and roots. However, Yangfumai 4 showed the lowest percentage decrease in all growth parameters after both waterlogging and recovery. These results suggested thatimprovement inadventitious root numberper plant and specific leaf dry weight may be indicators ofresistance to waterlogging in wheat.

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Ou, Xiao Duo, Jian Wei Yang, Xian Tai Yin, and You Fang Liao. "Experimental Study on Mechanism for Self-Weight Consolidation of the Red Mud Tailings Placed in the Karsts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 3102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.3102.

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Four PVC pipes with the length of 1500 millimeters and inner diameter of 160 millimeters were used to make a consolidation device with a drainage system at the bottom, in order to make a study on the relationship between surface sedimentation and water discharge with time at different heights (the heights were adopted as 150 millimeters, 250 millimeters, 300 millimeters, 350 millimeters respectively) of red mud tailings of Pingguo Aluminum. A test was conducted on the mud discharge of the first layer and second layer respectively. It is shown that when the red mud is discharged at the first layer and the second layer, the sedimentation of which increases with the increase of height. The sedimentation curves of the first layer with 300mm, 350mm heights and the second layer emissions have two turning points. The red mud sedimentation rate of the height of 300mm is faster than the other three and the gap of the water discharge between heights of 250 millimeters and 300 millimeters is about 100 gram. The water discharge of the second layer is smaller than the first layer, of which the gap is about 250 gram; the decreasing rates of the red mud void ratio of the first layer and the second layer are the same, but the decreasing speed of void ratio of the first layer emissions is much faster, and the final void ratio tends to be between 1.22 ~ 1.26; The density curve experiences two processes of increase and two processes of decrease after the mud of first layer and second layer are discharged respectively, then tends to be stable and the stable value is between 2.01 and 2.06 g/cm3.

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Anwar, Sanam, Bushra Aleem, Hajir H. Rashid, and Ghadeer J. Moslhey. "Which is a better marker for overweight: waist height ratio or waist circumference?" International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 2 (January 25, 2019): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20190354.

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Background: The global prevalence of obesity has been increasing. Body mass index, waist circumference and waist height ratio have been widely used for nutritional assessment. Waist height ratio has the advantage of taking into account abdominal obesity as well as height associated with body fat accumulation or distribution. The objective of this study was to suggest cut off points for waist circumference and waist height ratio to identify overweight in Omani adults.Methods: Weight, height, waist circumference and waist height ratio were measured for all participants. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine correlation of BMI with waist circumference and waist height ratio. ROC curve was used to identify AUC and specific cut off point for anthropometric indicators.Results: The largest proportion of overweight was picked up by waist height ratio across both the genders. Correlation of BMI with waist height ratio was stronger (r=0.699) than correlation with waist circumference (r=0.589) for both the genders. Maximum AUC was for waist height ratio in males (AUC=0.833, 95% CI=0.791-0.875). The specific cut off point for waist circumference in males and females was 89.5cm and 87.6cm respectively. The specific cut off point for waist height ratio in males and females was 0.53 and 0.57 respectively.Conclusions: Maximum participants were found overweight by waist height ratio followed by waist circumference and the least by BMI. The higher cut off points should be used in this population for identifying overweight people.

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Soares, Marcela Martins, Leidjaira Lopes Juvanhol, Andreia Queiroz Ribeiro, Patrícia Feliciano Pereira, Sylvia C. C. Franceschini, and Raquel Maria Amaral Araújo. "Maternal overweight and its relation with child’s anthropometric indices." Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 21, no. 2 (June 2021): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042021000200003.

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Abstract Objectives: to investigate the relation between maternal overweight and child’s anthropometric indices, identifying the interaction with the child's age. Methods: a cross-sectional study with mothers and their children under 2 years old. The mothers’ body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio was calculated. In children, we calculated height/age (H/A), body mass index/age (BMI/A), weight/height (W/H) and weight/age (W/A) indices. The means of the anthropometric indices of children with excess weight and maternal cardiometabolic risk were compared. Mothers and children’s anthropometric indices were correlated. Linear regression models were proposed. We investigated the child's age interaction with anthropometric variables of the dyad. Results: the means of BMI/A and W/H were higher in children of overweight mothers and the means of BMI/A, W/H and W/A were higher when mothers had increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases. There was an association of maternal weight and height with the W/A index; maternal BMI with W/H; maternal height with H/A; maternal weight, BMI and waist circumference with BMI/A. The children's age did not interact with the assessed parameters. Conclusion: children under 2 years of age, whose mothers are overweight, tend to show changes in weight, regardless of age.

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Bruno, Michael S., and Robert L. Van Dyck. "Experimental Study of Containment Boom Behavior in Waves." Marine Technology and SNAME News 34, no. 01 (January 1, 1997): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1997.34.1.24.

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An effort to assess containment boom performance in waves is described. New model testing instruments and procedures have been developed to provide a direct measure of boom heave response to wave excitation at several points along the boom. Measurements have been made in reproducible regular, irregular and breaking waves for various generic model boom configurations over a range of wave characteristics, boom buoyancy/weight ratios, and towing speeds. A model scale of 1/8 allows for tests in regular waves up to 12 ft high full scale at 12:1 length/height ratio and irregular waves with significant heights of up to 8 ft full scale. Breaking waves equivalent to over 6 ft height above mean water level are also generated. Measurements include total towing force and heave motion at four locations along each boom. The results of tests of three different size models all scaled to the same 4 ft high prototype boom show no significant scale effects on heave response to the various types of waves. Drag differences found among the models are attributable to differences in full scale lengths, as well as buoyancy/weight ratios. A buoyancy/weight ratio of 10 or greater was found to improve heave conformance with waves at optimum towing speeds of about 0.5 knot. Short wavelength waves, requiring the highest frequency response, are shown to be the most difficult conformance problem. Of particular concern is the fact that a catenary tow shape focuses waves near the vertex, thereby amplifying the wave height and causing excessive motions near the center of the boom. For this reason, light weight, highly flexible booms with maximum buoyancy/weight ratio and sufficient freeboard are recommended for open sea operations.

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Ilahika, Anung Putri, and Wiby Fahmi Wijaya. "Comparative Study About Youth Body Height by Age Group and BMI at Medical Faculty of UMM." Saintika Medika 16, no. 1 (June 27, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/sm.vol16.smumm1.12717.

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Growth and development is a continuous process in the process of reaching adulthood, including the teenage stage. The problem that is often faced is physical change. Adolescent physical changes that appear are the increase in height and weight which affects the Body Mass Index (BMI). Height is one of the important things in adolescent growth and development. which is affected by genetic and environmental factors. The peak of growth in adolescents is different between boys and girls, so the pattern of height and BMI are also different. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in adolescent height based on age groups and BMI in Medical Faculty of UMM. This research is a comparative study by taking a sample of 100 medical students of UMM who have an age range of 17-20 years. The data to be taken is height measured using a MIC scale health scale ratio ratio. The measurement results have a numerical scale with units of centimeters (cm). Body mass index (BMI) is an index obtained from the division of body weight with height2. The measurement results are stated in kg / m2. All data obtained will be analyzed using the ANOVA comparative test. ANOVA test results generated p value in the two groups of students> 0.05 which concluded that the mean height of the student body based on age and BMI was not significantly different (not significant) statistically for both men and women. The conclusion from this study there were no differences in adolescent height based on age groups and BMI among medical students of UMM.

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LIPTAY, A. "REDUCTION OF SPINDLINESSS OF TOMATO TRANSPLANTS GROWN AT HIGH DENSITIES." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-104.

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The spindliness of tomato transplants grown at high densities in a greenhouse was reduced by an ethephon spray or intermittent vibration of the seedlings with air movement. Either treatment reduced the following growth parameters: plant height, height-to-stem-diameter ratio, stem diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight. One ethephon spray alone reduced the height and improved the stalkiness of the seedling. Vibration of the plants with air movement had an even greater height-reduction effect while a combination of the two treatments was the most effective in producing the stalkiest transplants.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, plant height, stem diameter, tomato, growth regulator

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South, David B. "Needle-Clipping Longleaf Pine and Top-Pruning Loblolly Pine in Bareroot Nurseries." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/22.4.235.

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Abstract Studies have shown that clipping needles of longleaf pine before outplanting can increase average seedling survival by 13 percentage points. Under some situations, the increase in survival might be due to a reduction in transpiration. For loblolly pine, top-pruning in the nursery might increase average survival by 6 percentage points. Benefits of pruning appear greater when seedlings experience stress after planting and when nonpruned seedlings have low root weight ratios (root dry weight/total seedling dry weight). On some droughty sites, a seedling with a 0.3 root weight ratio might have an 80% chance of survival, while a seedling with a 0.2 root weight ratio might only have a 53% chance of survival. In most studies where heights were measured after 3 yr in the field, pruned seedlings were the same height as nonpruned seedlings (± 7 cm). South. J. Appl. For. 22(4):235-240.

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Söğüt, Mustafa, Kübra Altunsoy, and Maria Inês Varela-Silva. "Associations between anthropometric indicators of adiposity and body fat percentage in normal weight young adults." Anthropological Review 81, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2018-0015.

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Abstract The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the associations between various anthropometric adiposity screening indices and body fat percentage estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). A total of 186 (95 male and 91 female) normal weight (body mass index [BMI] = 18.5- 24.9 kg/m2) young adults (mean age= 20.96 ± 2.03 years) were measured on body fat percentage, body height, body mass, waist and hip circumferences. Abdominal volume index, body adiposity index, BMI, body roundness index, conicity index, reciprocal ponderal index, waist to height ratio, waist to height 0.5 ratio, and waist to hip ratio were calculated accordingly. Results revealed significant gender effects in all main anthropometric measurements. Except for waist to hip ratio, results indicated significant associations between anthropometric indices and BIA in both male and female participants. BIA results were found to be largely associated with BMI and abdominal volume index in both genders. Bland- Altman analysis showed good agreements between these indices and BIA. Considerable associations and agreements highlight the potential importance and the use of several anthropometric proxies to estimate body adiposity among male and female non-overweight/obese young adults. Despite continuing discussion regarding its accuracy, BMI seems to be useful for monitoring body adiposity within this cohort.

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Harada, Kiyomi, Ayako Saruwatari, Kaori Kitaoka, Wataru Aoi, Sayori Wada, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Katsuyuki Miura, Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Takashi Kusunoki, and Akane Higashi. "Low Birth Weight Is Associated with High Waist-to-Height Ratio in Japanese Elementary School Girls." Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 231, no. 2 (2013): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1620/tjem.231.85.

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Barut, Cagatay, Üner Tan, and Asli Dogan. "Association of Height and Weight with Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Sex Differences." Perceptual and Motor Skills 106, no. 2 (April 2008): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.106.2.627-632.

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Ye, Sheng, Shengxin Liu, Wenlei Li, Qifan Wang, Wei Xi, and Xin Zhang. "Associations between anthropometric indicators and both refraction and ocular biometrics in a cross-sectional study of Chinese schoolchildren." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e027212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027212.

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ObjectiveTo identify associations between anthropometric indicators (height, weight and body mass index (BMI)) and both refraction and ocular biometrics in Chinese schoolchildren in Tianjin, China.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsA total of 482 (86.07%) students (6–15 years old) with no history of ocular or systemic pathologies were enrolled in this study.MethodologyHeight and weight were measured using standardised protocols. Ocular biometrics (axial length (AL), vitreous chamber depth (VCD) and corneal curvature (CC)) were measured by a low-coherence optical reflectometry device. Cycloplegic refraction was measured using autorefraction. The AL/CC ratio and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) were calculated. Myopia was defined as SER ≤−0.50 dioptres (D). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the associations between anthropometric indicators (height, weight and BMI) and both refraction and ocular biometrics.ResultsThe overall prevalence of myopia was 71.16%. Overall, only height was associated with ALs, VCDs, AL/CC ratios and refractions after controlling for age, gender, parental myopia, family income, reading and writing distance and time spent outdoors. Furthermore, age-specific results demonstrated that height and weight were independently associated with refraction in participants aged 6–8 years and 9–11 years participants. Higher heights in schoolchildren were associated with longer ALs (regression coefficientb=+0.25 for each 10 cm difference in height, p<0.01), deeper VCDs (b=+0.23, p<0.01), higher AL/CC ratios (b=+0.04, p<0.01) and more negative refractions (b=−0.48, p<0.01). Heavier weights were also associated with longer ALs (+0.29 mm, p<0.01), deeper VCDs (+0.29 mm, p<0.01), higher AL/CC ratios (+0.04, p<0.01) and more negative refractions (−0.48 D, p<0.01).ConclusionsHeight and weight remained independently related to refraction and various ocular biometrics during the early adolescent growth period after adequately controlling for covariates, which could support the idea that a shared mechanism may regulate the coordinated growth of body and eye size in children.

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Major, John E., Alex Mosseler, Debby C. Barsi, Moira Campbell, and Om P. Rajora. "Morphometric, allometric, and developmentally adaptive traits in red spruce and black spruce. I. Species and seed-source variation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 885–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-049.

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The study objective was to compare intraspecific seed source and interspecifc variation of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) in a number of morphometric, allometric, and adaptive traits. Analyses of variance for cotyledon number, root dry weight, shoot to root ratio, and seedling water balance revealed significant species effects. Germination time, total height, diameter, needle and stem wood dry weight, and survival had significant species effects and species × region interactions. Potential inbreeding depression effects were reflected in a positive relationship between height growth and percent germination and a negative relationship between height growth and germination time; these effects may have partly contributed to the species × region interactions. On average, 66% of the height growth difference between the species may be attributable to earlier germination and the other 34% to faster growth. Covariate allometric analysis showed that black spruce had a 39% higher shoot to root ratio than red spruce. Red spruce allocated 25% more dry weight (per unit needle weight) towards roots than did black spruce. When the resource sinks (stem wood and roots) are summed, black spruce is 8.6% more efficient at converting resources into sink biomass than is red spruce.

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Sharma, Meenakshi, Rambabu Sharma, Neelam Singh, and Kusum Gaur. "FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio in children of 7-14 years of age from Western Rajasthan." Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist 8, no. 1 (October 25, 2013): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v8i1.16646.

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Background: The knowledge of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) is a basic requirement to understand the respiratory physiology for all medical physiologists and clinicians Pulmonary Function Tests provide objective evidence of nature and severity of lung disease. Objective: To observe FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio in healthy male and female school children from 7-14 years of age in Western Rajasthan and to find out the relationship of FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio with their height, weight, BSA and sex Methods: The present study was carried out on 112 male and 76 female children of 7-14 years. For Pulmonary Function Tests, FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC along with anthropometric data of each subject was recorded. Data were analyzed by unpaired t test, Pearson correlation coefficient test, simple and multiple regression analysis. Results: FVC and FEV1 values were found significantly (p<0.001) higher in male than those of female. Significant positive correlation of FVC and FEV1 whereas non significant negative correlation of FEV1/FVC were observed with age, height, weight, body surface area in all children. Conclusion: As the weight, age, height and BSA of subjects increases, FEV1 and FVC increases while FEV1/FVC ratio decreases in both the sexes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v8i1.16646 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2013, June; 8(1): 37-41

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Oliveira, Karla Alves, Gilberto de Lima Macedo Júnior, Carolina Moreira Araújo, Marco Tulio Santos Siqueira, Maria Júlia Pereira de Araújo, and Thauane Ariel Valadares de Jesus. "Productive parameters of growing lambs fed an extruded ration with different roughage: concentrate ratios." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 6Supl3 (October 16, 2019): 3641. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl3p3641.

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Feed consumption has a great influence on the growth and performance of animals since the intake of dry matter supplies the quantity of nutrients that are necessary to meet the maintenance and production requirements of these animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dry matter intake, body growth, weight gain and carcass characteristics (by ultrasonography) of lambs fed an extruded ration at different roughage (R): concentrate (C) ratios. Thirty mixed race (Santa Inês x Dorper) lambs, aged 3 months and with an average weight of 20 kg, were used. The treatments consisted of an extruded ration in 30R:70C and 70R:30C ratios, completely randomised to 2 treatments and 15 replicates. The means of the variables were evaluated using a Tukey test and a regression at the 5% significance level. Dry matter intake (DMI), weight gain, body growth, evaluated through biometric measurements, and carcass characteristics, evaluated by ultrasonography, were assessed. There was a reduction of DMI in relation to body weight during the experimental period, with lower DMI amongst the animals in the 30R:70C treatment. There was a quadratic effect for the growth variables hindlimb height, forelimb height, body length, thoracic and barrel circumference over time, indicating that the animals presented adequate body growth, with intense development during the experimental period and stabilisation at the end of the experiment. There was no difference in the animals' weight gain, with an average daily gain of 182.79 g day-1. There was a difference in carcass characteristics throughout the evaluation period, with a larger loin eye area, body condition score and subcutaneous fat thickness at the end of the experimental period. The use of an extruded ration with a 30% roughage and 70% concentrate ratio promotes better feed efficiency in lambs, since it achieved the same weight gain and body development with lower dry matter intake.

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Johnson, Olubusola Esther, Oluwatoyin Adenike Adeniji, Chidozie Emmanuel Mbada, Adebimpe Olayinka Obembe, and Christopher Olusanjo Akosile. "PERCENT OF BODY WEIGHT CARRIED BY SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THEIR BAGS IN A NIGERIAN SCHOOL." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 14, no. 02 (September 2011): 1250003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957712500030.

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Purpose: This study reports percent of bodyweight represented by school bags carried by students in Nigeria. Method: 381 secondary school students were randomly selected in this cross-sectional study. Informed consent and assents were obtained. Weights, heights and backpack weights (BPWT) were measured by blinded researchers. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Chi square and odds ratio, at 0.05 α-level. Results: The mean age, height weight and BMI of participants were 14.01±2.17 years, 1.56±0.11 m, 46.19±9.65 kg, 18.89±3.12 kg/m2, respectively. Average total weight of bags carried by participants was 4.48 kg, relative BPWT was 10.16%, and 65% carried bags on their back. There was no significant association between BPWT and back pain (X2 = 0.106. p = 0.744). The relative risks [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI)] of developing back pain among those that carry normal BPWT compared with those who carry above normal BPWT to school was (OR 0.805; CI 0.478–1.355), (OR 0.733; CI 0.295–1.817) and (OR 0.883; CI 0.454–1.718) for total, junior and senior secondary schools participants, respectively. Conclusion: Percent of body weights represented by the weights of bags carried by students in a Nigerian school fell between the recommended 10–15%. A 10% relative weight is recommended for secondary school students in Nigeria.

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Karomah, Nailatul, Willy Bayuardi Suwarno, and Dan Muhammad Azrai. "Kandungan Minyak 30 Genotipe Jagung dan Korelasinya terhadap Beberapa Karakter Agronomi." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 46, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v46i3.19013.

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Industrial demand for maize oil has been increasing and therefore corn breeding efforts began to focus on developing improved maize varieties with high oil content. The objectives of this research were to determine oil content of maize genotypes and its relationship with several agronomic traits. The oil content of maize genotypes ranged from 3.77 to 5.46%. Based on the correlation analysis, oil content correlated significantly with plant height, ear height, embryo weight, kernel weight, endosperm weight, and embryo and endosperm area ratio. In addition, oil content of maize genotypes could be estimated by a regression model involving embryo and endosperm area ratio, endosperm weight, ear height, cob lenght, number of kernel rows, number of kernel per row, cob diameter, and husk coverage (R2 = 79.66%; P = 0.0001). The oil-correlated traits and regression model obtained can be considered for facilitating selection for high oil maize genotypes. In addition, the results indicate that high oil maize can be bred and selected without affecting yield.Keywords: high oil maize, simultaneous selection, stepwise regression

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Savanur, Mitravinda S., and Padmini S. Ghugre. "BMI, body fat and waist-to-height ratio of stunted v. non-stunted Indian children: a case–control study." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 8 (February 19, 2016): 1389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016000215.

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AbstractObjectiveTo compare the BMI, body fat and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) of stunted and non-stunted children following different growth trajectories from low socio-economic strata in Mumbai, India.DesignCross-sectional, case–control study. Weight, height, skinfold thicknesses and waist circumference were measured. Information regarding the duration of breast-feeding, age at initiation of complementary feeding and income was obtained. Birth weight was obtained from records. BMI, body fat, WHtR and change in weight sd were calculated.SettingChildren who were beneficiaries of anganwadis, Mumbai city, India.SubjectsThree hundred and thirty children aged 2–4 years were selected in each of the stunted and non-stunted groups after matching for age and sex.ResultsAfter adjusting for birth weight, change in weight sd, duration of breast-feeding, age at complementary feeding initiation and income, stunted children had significantly higher body fat, WHtR and BMI than the non-stunted (P<0·01). The stunted and non-stunted children were classified based on their change in weight sd. Stunted children with no change in weight sd had higher mean body fat, BMI (P<0·01) and WHtR (P<0·05) than their non-stunted counterparts. In the catch-up growth group, stunted children had higher BMI and WHtR than the non-stunted (both P<0·001). In the catch-down growth group, stunted children had higher BMI than the non-stunted (P<0·001).ConclusionsStunting was seen to increase the tendency of conserving body fat in young children. Such a tendency, if continued during later childhood and adolescence, can increase the risk of obesity and non-communicable diseases.

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Yatsko, Andrew. "Correspondence between waist-to-height ratio and body mass index in juniors." Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics 4, no. 1 (October 30, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jbei.v4n1p1.

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Despite the increase in body mass through childhood and adolescence is countered by the increase in height in the Body Mass Index (BMI), this measure is inadequate for judging the degree of excess weight among the young. Unlike using clearly defined cut points, same for any stage of adulthood, it is required to consult BMI-for-age charts, which can be a demanding exercise when data analysis is involved. The waist circumference to height ratio (WCHR) was hypothesised to be invariant to age change, and this is generally supported by the epidemiological evidence. This paper analyses a sample of NHANES data to find a connection between BMI, WCHR and Age. A strong linearity between the anthropometric measures is demonstrated, thus enabling estimation of WCHR for a given BMI and Age. The pattern of change of this parameter at BMI levels that indicate the transition to overweight state or obesity thus becomes unravelled. The results strongly support the feasibility of a universal WCHR threshold for the overweight state past early childhood and through adolescence, and the estimated one is similar to the WCHR levels found elsewhere in the literature.

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Coles, Nicole, Ravi Retnakaran, Anthony Hanley, Catherine Birken, and Jill Hamilton. "Evaluation of anthropometric measures for assessment of cardiometabolic risk in early childhood." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 12 (April 17, 2020): 2100–2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019004749.

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AbstractObjective:Waist-to-height ratio has been shown to be an important indicator of cardiometabolic risk. There are few studies evaluating this measure against existing measures of adiposity and cardiometabolic markers in early childhood. The objectives were: (i) to determine in young children the ability of waist-to-height ratio, BMI z-score, weight for length, and sum of skin fold thickness to predict cardiometabolic risk and (ii) to examine this association at ages 1, 3 and 5 years.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:A university hospital in Toronto, Ontario.Participants:Infants at 1 (n 406), 3 (n 112) and 5 years of age (n 94) born to mothers with and without gestational diabetes mellitus.Results:Weight for length and BMI z-score demonstrated the strongest correlations with biochemical measures compared to waist-to-height ratio, including leptin (at 5 years, weight for length z-score: ρ = 0·65, P < 0·001; BMI z-score: ρ = 0·67, P < 0·001) and measures of insulin resistance (at 3 years, weight for length z-score: ρ = 0·25, P = 0·02; BMI z-score: ρ = 0·24, P = 0·02). The magnitude of associations between anthropometric measures and biochemical measures strengthened over time. Weight for length and BMI z-scores were moderately correlated with overall measures of fat mass as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (ρ = 0·65, P = 0·00; ρ = 0·61, P = 0·01).Conclusions:Waist-to-height ratio was not superior to existing measures in predicting cardiometabolic risk in young children. BMI z-score is a preferred measure of adiposity between birth and 5 years of age.

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Nasr, Mohammed A. F., Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany, and Michael J. Toscano. "Effects of divergent selection for growth on egg quality traits in Japanese quail." Animal Production Science 56, no. 11 (2016): 1797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14911.

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The experiment was designed to investigate the impact of selection for increased body mass on external and internal egg quality traits of Japanese quail. Three hundred and sixty Japanese quail, divergently selected over three generations for different body mass at 4 weeks of age, were used. Quail were homogeneously divided into three groups each consisting of 120 birds: high body mass (HBM), low body mass (LBM) and Control. ANOVA was used to detect the effect of selection on egg quality. In addition, correlation between external and internal egg quality traits was measured. Our results revealed that HBM quail laid heavier eggs (P = 0.03 compared with LBM but not significantly different with Control quail) with a higher external (shell thickness, shell weight, eggshell ratio and eggshell density, P = 0.0001) and internal egg quality score (albumen weight, P = 0.003; albumen ratio, P = 0.01; albumen height, yolk height, yolk index and Haugh unit, P = 0.0001) when compared with both the Control and LBM. The egg surface area and yolk diameter were significantly higher in HBM when compared with the LBM but not with the Control line. Egg weight was positively correlated with albumen weight (r = 0.54, P = 0.0001), albumen ratio (r = 0.14, P = 0.05), yolk height (r = 0.27, P = 0.0001), yolk weight (r = 0.23, P = 0.002), yolk diameter (r = 0.14, P = 0.05) and yolk index (r = 0.21, P = 0.005) but was negatively correlated with yolk ratio (r = –0.16, P = 0.03). Our results indicate that selection for higher body mass might result in heavier eggs and superior egg quality.

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Skår, Angelica, Trine Johansen Meza, and Per Morten Fredriksen. "Development of weight and height in Norwegian children: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 46, no. 21_suppl (May 2018): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494818769852.

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Aims: High prevalence of overweight and obesity increases the disease burden with higher risk for an expanding set of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, certain types of cancers and an array of musculoskeletal disorders. Over the last decades, trends in children’s weight have changed worldwide. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of height and weight and calculations of body mass index (BMI) were recorded for 2297 children, aged 6–12 years. Results: Percentiles for weight and height are presented, as well as overweight and obesity cut-off points according to International Obesity Task Force guidelines for each age group. Children’s BMI is higher compared to older studies; however, a levelling-off of weight is evident, as 14–15% of the children are overweight in the present study. Children within the 90th and 97.5th percentiles display a higher annual increase in weight/height ratio compared to other percentiles. Parental level of education shows association with children’s BMI. Conclusions: A levelling-off of weight gain among children is evident; however, overweight children tend to gain more weight than normal-weight children.

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Ford, Lincoln E., Alvin J. Detterline, Kevin K. Ho, and Wenyuan Cao. "Gender- and height-related limits of muscle strength in world weightlifting champions." Journal of Applied Physiology 89, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 1061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.3.1061.

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To assess factors that limit human muscle strength and growth, we examined the relationship between performance and body dimensions in the world weightlifting champions of 1993–1997. Weight lifted varied almost exactly with height squared (Ht2.16), suggesting that muscle mass scaled almost exactly with height cubed (Ht3.16) and that muscle cross-sectional area was closely correlated with body height, possibly because height and the numbers of muscle fibers in cross section are determined by a common factor during maturation. Further height limitations of muscle strength were shown by only one male champion ≥183 cm and no female champions ≥175 cm. The ratio of weight lifted to mean body cross-sectional area was approximately constant for body-weight classes ≤83 kg for men and ≤64 kg for women and decreased abruptly for higher weight classes. These findings suggest a nearly constant fraction of body mass devoted to muscle in lighter lifters and a lesser fraction in heavier lifters. Analysis also suggests that contractile tissue comprises ∼30% less body mass in female champions.

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Banskota Nepal, Grishma, PKL Das, and A. Bhaila. "Spirometric evaluation of pulmonary functions of medical students in Nepal." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 3 (February 26, 2014): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9352.

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Background: Spirometry is vital in screening, diagnosing and monitoring of patients in clinical respiratory medicine. The interpretations of these results depend on comparison with reference values derived from a pool of normal healthy population, which are age, weight, height, gender and ethnicity dependant. Objectives: To establish normative data of lung function indices (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR and MVV) of healthy adult persons and to find correlation of these data, if any, with age, height, weight and BMI. Methods: Participants (n=174, mean age 19.60±1.177 yrs, height 161.87±8.572 cm, weight 58.65±11.190 kg and BMI 22.28±3.159 kg/m2) were recruited from KIST medical college. Spriometry was performed and data were grouped according to age, height, weight, BMI and gender. Results: The mean FVC, FEV1, PEFR and MVV of males (3.58 ±0.7241 L, 3.34±0.61L, 8.41±1.20L/sec and 141.45±18.54L/min respectively) were significantly higher than that of females (2.52±0.50L, 2.44±0.44L, 6.72±0.82L/sec and 106.93±12.49L/min respectively). However, FEV1/FVC ratio was statistically similar in males and females. FVC and FEV1 were positively correlated with height and weight in females. PEFR showed correlation with weight and BMI and MVV showed correlation with weight in females. In males, FVC showed positive correlation with height, weight and BMI. FEV1 and MVV showed maximum correlation with height of male students. Conclusions: Significant increased in PFT parameters were observed in male as compare to female. PFT parameters were mainly influenced by body height and weight in both sexes, so on this basis, a prediction equation was established for Nepalese population. Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 82-86 http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9352

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Lutfiyanto, Agung Hanifan, and Arkhan Subari. "RANCANG BANGUN PINTU WAHANA OTOMATIS MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR ULTRASONIK HC-SR04 SEBAGAI PENGUKUR TINGGI BADAN DAN SENSOR LOAD CELL DENGAN HX711 SEBAGAI PENGUKUR BERAT BADAN BERBASIS ARDUINO MEGA 2560." Gema Teknologi 19, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/gt.v19i2.21865.

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Agung Hanifan Lutfiyanto, Arkhan Subari, in this paper explain that at present, profit plyaground still uses manual measurement to select visitors who will enter the vehicle. Measuring just selecting one's height by putting aside weight can have a negative impact on the smoothness and safety of the playing area. Therefore, an automation is needed to measure body weight and height to be safer from game accidents and increase vehicle life to avoid damage. This design makes the device an automatic vehicle area entrance system using Arduino Mega 2560 for the main controller system supported by various sensors namely HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor as a measure of prospective visitor height, 100 Kg Load Cell sensor as a measure of prospective visitor's weight and motor servo as the opening and closing door of the vehicle. When prospective visitors will enter the vehicle, prospective visitors stand on their height and weight gauges. Furthermore, Arduino compares with the standard height and weight previously set. If the weight and height are in accordance with the standard, the door will open automatically and visitors can enter the vehicle. For testing the prospective visitor's height as measured by the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor has an average error ratio of 1.01%, while testing prospective visitor's weight measured by sensor Load Cell has an average error ratio of 2.90% and is calculated quite accurate. Keywords: Automatic door, Arduino Mega 2560, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor, Load Cell sensor, Servo MotorReferencesMuhammad Khoiruddin , Afif. 2015. Pengembangan Alat Ukur Tinggi Badan Dan Berat Badan Digital Yang Terintegrasi (Skripsi). Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.Aditya Rahmat Abdillah dan Tartilla Alib Zamzami. 2013. Sistem Buka Dan Tutup Pintu Wahana Safari Otomatis Menggunakan Kamera Untuk Mencegah Binatang Keluar. Surabaya: Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.Santoso, Hari. 2015. Cara Kerja Sensor Ultrasonik, Rangkaian, & Aplikasinya. http://www.elangsakti.com/2015/05/sensor ultrasonik.html diakses pada Senin, 2 Mei 2017.Al-Mutlaq, Sarah. 2003. Getting Started with Load Cells. https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/getting-started-with-load-cells diakses pada tanggal 6 Oktober 2017.Semiconductor, AVIA. 24-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) for Weigh Scales. Datasheet. China: AVIA.Elisa. 2017. Bab X Motor Servo 10.1 Pendahuluan. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gajah Mada.Anonim. FeeTech FS5109M - Metal Gear Servo. https://servodatabase.com/servo/feetech/fs5109m diakses pada tanggal 2 Mei 2017.Anonim. 2015. Mengenal Arduino Mega 2560. http://ecadio.com/belajar-dan mengenal-Arduino-mega diakses pada tanggal 2 Mei 2017.Ardianto, Dani. 2016. Membuat Project dengan Arduino dengan Arduino dan modul DFPlayer mini (Serial mp3 Player). http://www.belajArduino.com/2016/10/Arduinop.html diakses pada tanggal 2 Mei 2017.

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Dufault, Robert J., S. Hopkins, and P. Sandifer. "Utility of Shrimp Sludge from Organic Aquiculture Lagoons as a Soil Amendment for Broccoli Production." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 611a—611. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.611a.

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Our objectives were to determine 1) if shrimp sludge has any value as a soil amendment in broccoli production and 2) an appropriate rate of sludge for head production. Four levels of N–P–K per 15-L pot (in grams; 2.0 N–0.07 P–1.4 K; 4.0 N–0.14 P–2.8 K; or 6.0 N–0.21 P–4.2 K; and 0.0 N–P–K) were factorially combined and replicated 10 times with four volumes of shrimp sludge (0%, 10%, 20%, and 40% v/w in 15-L pots blended with 100%, 90%, 80%, and 60% Metro Mix 300, respectively). Four-week-old `Emerald City' broccoli transplants were planted into sludge + media–fertilizer mixtures on 12–14–95 and were grown to harvest maturity in a greenhouse. As sludge volume increased, the days to harvest, plant height, and root fresh weight: head fresh weight ratio decreased, but leaf number, fresh weight and area, head fresh weight, stem diameter, and shoot: root fresh weight ratio increased. As N–P–K rate increased, leaf number, area, and fresh weight, stem diameter, head fresh weight, and shoot: root fresh weight ratio increased, but root: head fresh weight ratio and plant height decreased. Using head fresh weight as the determinant, heaviest heads were optimized with 20% sludge and 4.0g N–0.14g P–2.8g K per 15-L pot. Sludge alone or N–P–K alone did not produce the heaviest broccoli heads as using combinations of sludge and N–P–K in a fertility program.

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Luan, Ting Ting, Zhen Hua Xie, and Sha Sha Liang. "Research on Method for the Weight Definition of Evaluation Indicator in Dump Landslides Based on Rough Set." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 2600–2606. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.2600.

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To combine expert scoring and rough set two kinds of subjective and objective methods, avoiding the indicator weight value is zero, making the expert scoring more efficient, objective. Using the expert scoring method based on rough sets in determining evaluation indicator weights of open-pit dump landslide. Slope density, cohesion, internal friction angle, slope angle, slope height, pore pressure ratio were selected for evaluation indicators of dump landslide. First of all, according to the landslide data collected, to calculate the importance sort of evaluation indicators of the dump landslide based on rough set theory. Then, scores of each indicator corresponds to a certain interval, five relevant experts were selected for scoring. Finally, the weight of each indicator was determined based on the average score. We can know from results, slope angle has the biggest influence on the dump landslide, followed by pore pressure ratio .Slope height and slope density have the minimal impact, which is coincidence with the actual situation of the dump, it shows that the method is more rational and effective .

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KISHIMOTO, Yoshinao, Toshihisa OHTSUKA, Yukiyoshi KOBAYASHI, and Naoyuki ONODERA. "Effect of Core Height Ratio on Drop Weight Impact Properties of Double Layer Honeycomb Core Sandwich Panels." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series A 78, no. 787 (2012): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.78.311.

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Umano, Giuseppina Rosaria, Anna Di Sessa, Grazia Cirillo, Davide Ursi, Pierluigi Marzuillo, and Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice. "Waist‐to‐height ratio is more strongly associated than other weight‐related anthropometric measures with metabolic variables." Acta Paediatrica 108, no. 12 (October 14, 2019): 2296–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apa.14992.

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West, P. W., C. L. Beadle, and C. R. A. Turnbull. "Mechanistically based, allometric models to predict tree diameter and height in even-aged monoculture of Eucalyptusregnans F. Muell." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-038.

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A randomly selected sample of 22 trees was felled in a stand in a 20-year-old monoculture of Eucalyptusregnans F. Muell. in southern Tasmania. One-half of the trees were from a section of the stand that had been heavily thinned 10 years previously, and the remainder were from the unthinned section. The trees were sectioned and the fresh weights of their stems (including bark) and crowns (leaves plus branches) determined. By combining a geometrical argument about the shape of tree stems with a structural argument about their vertical stability, allometric relationships were established relating tree diameter at breast height or tree height to total aboveground weight and the ratio of crown to stem weight. These relationships were found to hold in both the thinned and unthinned sections of the experiment. When combined with a model to predict biomass of individual trees, these models can be used to predict diameter or height of individual trees in E. regnans monoculture.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Weight: height ratio'

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