Relevant bibliographies by topics / Weight lifters

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Weight lifters'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Weight lifters"

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Szyszka, Paulina, and Andrzej Mastalerz. "The Relationship Between Biomechanical Indicators of the Snatch Technique and Female Weightlifters' Levels." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 21, no. 4 (2015): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjst-2015-0002.

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Abstract Introduction. The snatch technique is a discipline in Olympic weightlifting. The lifter has to raise the barbell from the platform directly above their head in one movement. While reviewing the literature on biomechanical analysis of the techniques of weightlifting, one can find positions on the analysis of parameters, such as barbell track, horizontal displacement, and angular positions of the joints in the individual phases of the lifter's movement. Many texts concern female and male lifters taking part in World or European Championships. The parameters of the best competitors are outlined - mostly those who finish in the top five places in competition. Mostly these are parameters regarding male lifters, and less frequently those of female lifters. In the literature review, an overlooked aspect is that of the definition of the diversity of indicators as regards the snatch technique practiced by female lifters depending on score. Material and methods. In the research, registered snatch attempts during the World Championship were used. Videos were used by judges to establish a maximum weight limit for female lifters. The attempts were registered by two cameras and were later digitally processed by the APAS 2000 system. Barbell parameters, maximum speed, average of the bar, and the parameters of the lifter-bar collocation (horizontal displacement of barbell weights and height elevation) were assessed. Results. The analysed attempts show the margin of error for measurement of the average speed of the barbell as 0.03 m/s. The difference in maximum speed of analysed attempts is 15%. The height of clearance of the first-placed female lifter's barbell was 12.7 cm, 30 cm for the last-placed. Conclusions. The sporting level of weightlifting by female lifters influences the analysed biomechanical indicators of the snatch. Those indicators, which are similar in the case of both the World Championship winner and the female lifter who came last, may be described as the average speeds of the barbell. The high sporting level of female lifters performing heavy lifting is characterized by the clearance of the barbell.
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Millard, Frank. "Weight Lifters." Aerospace Testing International 2024, no. 1 (2024): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s1478-2774(24)50056-4.

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Jeon, In-Ho, and Hee-Soo Kyung. "The Weight Lifters' Shoulder." Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 5, no. 2 (2002): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5397/cise.2002.5.2.073.

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Orvanová, Eva. "Somatotypes of weight lifters." Journal of Sports Sciences 8, no. 2 (1990): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640419008732139.

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Isaka, Tadao, Junichi Okada, and Kazuo Funato. "Kinematic Analysis of the Barbell during the Snatch Movement of Elite Asian Weight Lifters." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 12, no. 4 (1996): 508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.12.4.508.

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The purpose of this study was to describe the kinematic characteristics of the snatch technique from the viewpoint of barbell trajectory. Subjects included 6 elite male Asian weight lifters who participated in the first Japan International Friendship Tournament in 1993. Trajectories of the barbell during snatch lifts in the competition were video-taped. Three vertical acceleration peaks of the barbell during the pull movement were observed and corresponded to the first pull transition, and second pull phases. The angle of the resultant acceleration (ARA) of the barbell averaged 85° in the first pull and transition pull phases. In the second pull phase, the ARA was almost 140°, indicating that the barbell was accelerated anteriorly, away from the lifter. The results of this study suggest that during the first pull and transition pull phases, elite lifters pulled the barbell toward themselves to produce the needed vertical acceleration and that the resulting posterior movement of the barbell was controlled by the forward acceleration produced in the second pull phase.
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Silverman, Richard T. "SUBPECTORAL IMPLANTS IN WEIGHT LIFTERS." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 105, no. 5 (2000): 1903–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-200004050-00058.

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Zamchiy, T., and M. Spataeva. "Morphological characteristic of weight lifters." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 2, no. 3 (2014): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4607.

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Alqahtani, Mahdi, Eraj Humayun Mirza, Abdulmajeed Almutrafi, Alwaleed Aldawsari, and Ravish Javed. "Elastographic Measurement of Strain Ratio in Finger Tendons of Weight Lifters and Non-Weight Lifters." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, no. 7 (2020): 1520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.3049.

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This study aimed to determine the difference in stiffness and thickness of finger tendons between individuals who performed weight lifting (trained subjects) and those who did not perform weightlifting (untrained subjects) as well as provide real-time diagnosis of tendon stiffness. The study was divided into two groups according to their physical activity level. Individuals who performed training for their upper body for a minimum of 30 minutes, 5 days a week for at least 6 months were categorized as trained individuals, whereas those who did not train were categorized as untrained individuals. Tendon strain ratio and thickness of the index and middle fingers and body mass index (BMI) of trained and untrained adult males were measured. A total of 20 healthy individuals were enrolled for the study. Untrained individuals tended to have higher strain ratios than trained individuals. Tendon thickness between the groups was slightly different. Increased BMI was found in untrained individuals. Trained individuals had stiffer finger tendons than untrained individuals. Different activities, sedentary lifestyles or lifting weight can substantially affect the properties and size of the tendon, which can lead to strengthening or weakening of the finger tendon.
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Weser, Veronica, and Dennis R. Proffitt. "Making the Visual Tangible: Substituting Lifting Speed Limits for Object Weight in VR." PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality 27, no. 1 (2019): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00319.

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We developed a novel interaction technique that allows virtual reality (VR) users to experience “weight” when hefting virtual, weightless objects. With this technique the perception of weight is evoked via constraints on the speed with which objects can be lifted. When hefted, heavier virtual objects move slower than lighter virtual objects. If lifters move faster than the lifted object, the object will fall. This constraint causes lifters to move slowly when lifting heavy objects. In two studies we showed that the size-weight illusion (SWI) is evoked when this technique is employed. The SWI occurs when two items of identical weight and different size are lifted and the smaller item is perceived as heavier than the larger item. The persistence of this illusion in VR indicates that participants bring their real-world knowledge of the relationship between size and weight to their virtual experience, and suggests that our interaction technique succeeds in making the visible tangible.
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Scavenius, Michael, and Bjørn Franc Iversen. "Nontraumatic clavicular osteolysis in weight lifters." American Journal of Sports Medicine 20, no. 4 (1992): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036354659202000418.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Weight lifters"

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Fild, Deborah S. "The effects of oral arginine supplementation on growth hormone, arginine, and somatomedin levels during energy restriction in male weight lifters." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11242009-020056/.

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Williams, David Michael. "A Social Cognitive Model of Creatine Use Among Male, Recreational Weight-Lifters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30946.

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This study investigated social cognitive determinants of creatine supplementation among 171 male, undergraduate, recreational weight-lifters. Participants responded to a packet of questionnaires that assessed their history and rate of creatine use, self-efficacy for improving their workout performance with and without creatine, and expected outcomes of improved workout performance and creatine use, as well as several other demographic variables. Fifty percent of the sample reported past creatine use. The data was used to establish the internal consistency, test-retest reliability and predictive validity of factor-based scales for valued outcome expectancies and disincentives for creatine use scales. A social cognitive model was shown to predict past creatine use (R2 = .372). The results lay the groundwork for further examination of the determinants of creatine supplementation and the use of other controversial and potentially harmful performance-enhancing dietary supplements.<br>Master of Science
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Lawrence, Michael A. "Effects of elastic resistance on concentric force, concentric power, and eccentric velocity during the bench press." CardinalScholar 1.0, 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1567419.

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Elastic bands are becoming more popular in strength and power training. Although increases in strength and power have been anecdotally reported with high loads of elastic resistance, there is no research on large band tensions and their effects on force and power variables. The purpose of this study was to quantify peak concentric force, peak concentric power and peak eccentric velocity produced by the subject when using differing levels of elastic resistance (0%, 20%, 50% and 75% of the total load being elastic resistance) in the bench press. Seven experienced male powerlifters and body builders participated in this study. Prior to subject testing all elastic bands were calibrated for force output throughout the bench press range of motion. Each subject performed a single repetition maximum press to determine the total correct testing load (85% of maximum press). The subjects then performed four presses with various elastic band resistances, each having the total equivalent weight of 85% of the subject’s maximal press weight at lockout. Dependent variables were peak concentric force, peak concentric power, and peak eccentric velocity as produced by the subject. A one-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences among the four levels of elastic resistance (ER) used in the study (α = 0.05). Compared to the baseline condition (2123.6 ± 499.9N), significantly lower average peak concentric force was observed with ER of 75% (1451.2 ± 151.0N, 31.9% decrease) (p = .010) and with an ER of 50% (1781.1 ± 174.3N, 16.4% decrease) (p = .052). When compared with baseline peak concentric power (702.6 ± 274.6W), higher peak power was observed in all band trials: 20% (895.2 ± 187.7W, 27.4% increase), 50% (972.5 ± 189.8W, 38.4% increase) and 75% (979.6 ± 171.0W, 39.4% increase) (p = .009; p = .007; p = .033, respectively). There was no significant difference in peak concentric power in any ER trials. No significant differences (p = .080) were seen in peak eccentric velocity. Therefore ER loads of 20, 50 and 75% provide greater stimuli for producing peak concentric power than no ER, with only a 20% load of ER maintaining the same peak concentric force production as baseline. ER loads of 50 and 75% may not be as effective a stimuli as free weights when the training objective is to increase force production.<br>School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Hawkins, Colleen E. "The effects of oral supplementation of the amino acid arginine on body composition and muscle function during energy restriction in male weight lifters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41598.

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Manufacturers of amino acid supplements claim that they can act as natural stercoids. Eighteen experienced male weight lifters were studied to test this hypothesis for the amino acid arginine.<br>Master of Science
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Faries, Mark Lutz Rafer S. Greenwood Mike Frisch Michael B. "Self-selected intensity, repetitions, RPE and adherence of novice female weight lifters during 6-weeks of resistance training." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4891.

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Sturgill, Daphne J. L. "The effects of a hypocaloric diet, with varying protein/carbohydrate ratios, on the nitrogen balance of male weightlifters." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94474.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a hypocaloric liquid diet, with varied protein/carbohydrate ratios, on two groups of male weightlifters. A maintenance diet was consumed by all subjects for one week prior to the experimental phase, and all subjects participated in a resistance weight training program. The experimental groups consumed either a moderate protein/high carbohydrate diet (MP/HC) with 0.8 g/kg body wt/d protein or high protein/moderate carbohydrate diet (HP /MC) with 1.6 g/kg body wt/d protein diet for the experimental week. Twenty-four hour urine samples were collected daily and two exercising sweat samples were taken for each subject. Fecal nitrogen losses were estimated and added to urine and sweat values for daily nitrogen excretion. There was a significant difference in nitrogen balance between the groups over time. Nitrogen balance was positive for the HP/MC group (4.13 g/d) and negative for the MP/HC group ( -3.19 g/d) . The results of this study suggest the possibility that weightlifters consuming a hypocaloric diet should consume more than the US RDA for protein to maximize retention of body protein.<br>M.S.
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Dunn, Andrea L. "Imagery content and perspective and its effect on development of muscular strength." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76032.

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Equivocal results for imagery as a beneficial adjunct to performance may be due to diverse methodologies as well as a lack of clarity about the relationship between imagery ability and imagery perspective. This study used a randomized group design with repeated measures to evaluate the effect of imagery content and perspective on strength. Subjects were 44 women, ages 19 to 34, classified as beginning weight lifters. All were pre-tested on imagery ability and knee joint strength. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three training conditions: (1) an internal imagery perspective; (2) an external imagery perspective, and (3) no imagery training. Training was conducted twice per week for eight weeks. Subjects were also asked to work out a third time. The dependent measure to assess strength at the beginning, middle, and end of the eight-weeks was the Cybex II dynamometer. The dependent measure to assess imagery vividness was the Betts questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery. Imagery perspective was measured by the Imagination Exercise. Results of a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures using Cybex II found significant strength differences for: (1) all groups and (2) the internal imagery group. A significant linear trend was also found between groups. Additionally, a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures, using imagery ratings found significant improvement in kinesthetic vividness for all groups. This investigation is the first experimental study using beginning athletes to demonstrate significant performance effects using mental training above and beyond significant effects due to physical training.<br>Master of Science
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Perry, Colleen Denise 1962. "Spine, hip and forearm bone mineral indices of eumenorrheic, oligomenorrheic and amenorrheic athletes." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276681.

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This study describes bone mineral index (g/cm²) of the distal and mid forearm, spine and hip in gymnasts/weight trainers, and runners with varying menstrual status. 12 eumenorrheic gymnasts/weight trainers (EGW), 11 eumenorrheic runners (ERU), 8 oligomenorrheic gymnasts/weight trainers (OGW), 3 oligomenorrheic runners (ORU) 4 amenorrheic runners (ARU) and a eumenorrheic control group (EC) of 18 subjects were examined. Bone mineral index (BMI) was measured using single and dual photon absorptiometry. EGW had greater BMI than ARU and EC (spine, hip and distal and mid forearm) and ERU (femur and distal forearm). The ARU were not significantly lower in BMI than the ERU. The ARU were only significantly lower in BMI than the EC at the distal forearm. OGW were not significantly greater in BMI than ORU. The OGW had greater BMI than the ARU (spine, femur and distal forearm), ERU and EC (femur and distal forearm). These results show higher BMI in gymnasts/weight trainers, independent of menstrual status, than in runners and controls.
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Brodie, E. E. "Spatial and temporal factors in the discrimination of lifted weights." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370534.

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Liao, Shing-Chou, and 廖星州. "The Balance Control with Loading in Elite Collegiate Female Weight Lifters." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04545640267486378925.

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碩士<br>國立體育學院<br>教練研究所<br>92<br>The motion of the weight lifting needs the interaction between the static and dynamic situation to check the balance control. Because there is no researches correlated with the female weight lifters’ balance control ability, this research was performed by the evaluation of the static and dynamic balance control of female college weight lifters and made up a comparison g group by ordinary people. The participants for this study are all female. Both experimental and comparison group are ten people. After collecting the data, at first, compared the experimental group and comparison group with balance abilities in static, dynamic, behind the shoulder and front the neck four different loading positions by the T-test for independent sample. Second, this research is analyzed the difference of the experimental and comparison group with different type of loading in static and dynamic mode by the T-test for dependent sample. Third, the correlation evaluation of the balance control ability for both groups was performed by the Pearson’s product-moment correlation. Fourth, the results of comparison of the features of balance control within and between groups were presented by the plots with 95%confidence interval. The results revealed that: 1.The result reveals that there are no specific deviations during static but without loading situation and applies the weight lifters didn’t have better performance than ordinary people through this balance control ability. However, the weight lifters have better performance than ordinary people through static loading and all dynamic balance situations. The main reason could be the characteristic of the training program for weight lifting improving the balance control with loading. 2.The movements that weight lifters performed through the experiment are almost the same during the real competition so that there is no significance different between static and dynamic balance. Besides, because of the situation that loading behind the shoulder, there is the significance different while ordinary participants loading behind the neck in dynamic situation. 3.Through the Pearson’s product-moment correlation within two groups, the balanced every balance control performance of weight lifters could caused by the specific training programs. 4.During the static balance control valuation, the loading didn’t affect more within two groups; on the contrary, during the dynamic balance control evaluation, the performance of the comparison group was lower. Besides, there was the much more significance different within two groups in dynamic situation. Hoping this research can supply a research about the movement coordination and balance training to provide a guide to help weight lifters and profession coaches.
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Books on the topic "Weight lifters"

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Grigoryan, G. S. Huri Vardanyan: Irakanutʻyun tʻe fantastika? "Hayastan", 1988., 1988.

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Guginis, Andrius. Žydrūnas Savickas: Žmogus iš geležies. Leidybos namai "Metafora", 2010.

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Saarmann, Henn. Alfred Neuland. Eesti Spordiselts "Kalev", 1995.

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Bogdanova, Nadezhda. I͡A︡nko Rusev. Medit͡s︡ina i fizkultura, 1987.

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Lévesque, Réjean. Hommage aux célèbres frères Baillargeon. Plume d'oie, 1997.

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A, Eliseĭkin, ed. Razorvannyĭ krug. Sov. Sport, 1993.

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Lääne, Tiit. Jaan Talts. Eesti Maaspordiliit Jõud, 2004.

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Pacifico, Larry. Champion of champions. L. Pacifico, 1986.

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Holloway, Jean Barrett. Weightlifting rules: Poems & photographs. Tebot Bach, 2013.

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Türenç, Tufan. Özgürlüğe uçan dev: Naim Süleymanoğluʼnun romanı. Milliyet Yayınları, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Weight lifters"

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Oji, Tomoki, Yasutoshi Makino, and Hiroyuki Shinoda. "Weight Estimation of Lifted Object from Body Motions Using Neural Network." In Haptics: Science, Technology, and Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93399-3_1.

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Xu, Hong, T. K. Satish Kumar, and Sven Koenig. "The Nemhauser-Trotter Reduction and Lifted Message Passing for the Weighted CSP." In Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59776-8_31.

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Zhu, Huidian, Jiangjiang Feng, and Jing Yang. "Research on Characteristics of Three-Chamber Hydraulic Cylinder Driving Loader Boom." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1876-4_62.

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AbstractWhen the loader boom is lifted and lowered, the hydraulic pump operates at high peak power levels. In this process, the hydraulic valve port dissipates the gravitational potential energy of the boom. Consequently, the dissipated energy is converted into thermal energy, resulting in elevated hydraulic oil temperature and reduced energy efficiency. This paper proposes a gravitational potential energy recovery system based on three-chamber cylinder and a hydraulic accumulator. The system utilizes the hydraulic accumulator to balance the weight of the loading boom and achieve energy recovery for the boom. The co-simulation model of wheel loader based on the three-chamber cylinder was built in SimulationX, then the energy consumption was analyzed under two kinds of typical operating modes. The simulation results illustrate that when the initial pressures of accumulators are 6 and 8 MPa with heavy-load and without load, the system has the highest energy utilization rate. By establishing a loader prototype and investigating the operating characteristics and energy efficiency of the boom driven by a two-chamber cylinder and a three-chamber cylinder, the experimental results illustrate that the new system operates smoothly, reducing energy consumption by 39.24% and peak power by 27.41%.
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"Weight-Lifter’s Headache." In Encyclopedia of Pain. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_102534.

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Safran, Marc R., James Zachazewski, and David A. Stone. "Clavicular Osteolysis (Weight Lifter's Shoulder)." In Instructions for Sports Medicine Patients. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4160-5650-8.00159-x.

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Valenti, S. Stavros, and Alan P. Costall. "Perception of Lifted Weight in Photographs." In Studies in Perception and Action III. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315789361-102.

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Doyle, Arthur Conan. "Death on the Moor." In The Hound of the Baskervilles. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199536962.003.0013.

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For a moment or two I sat breathless, hardly able to believe my ears. Then my senses and my voice came back to me, while a crushing weight of responsibility seemed in an instant to be lifted from my soul. That cold, incisive,...
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Doyle, Arthur Conan. "Death on the Moor." In The Hound of the Baskervilles. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780198835226.003.0012.

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For a moment or two I sat breathless, hardly able to believe my ears. Then my senses and my voice came back to me, while a crushing weight of responsibility seemed in an instant to be lifted from my soul. That cold, incisive, ironical...
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Gaskell, Elizabeth. "Chapter LI ‘troubles never come alone’." In Wives and Daughters. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199538263.003.0052.

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Molly had her out-of-door things on, and she crept away as she was bidden; she lifted her heavy weight of heart and body along till she came to a field, not so very far off,—where she had sought the comfort of loneliness ever since...
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Chervinsky, Lindsay M. "The Late President of the United States, Is No More!" In Making the Presidency. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197653845.003.0022.

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Abstract As the yellow fever receded, the president, the cabinet, and Congress returned to Philadelphia. Among the ranks of congressmen was a new face—John Marshall. Marshall had won a seat in the House of Representatives a few months earlier after George Washington had strongarmed him into running. Marshall immediately became the leader of a coalition of moderate Federalists and Republicans and guided Congress through an unprecedented moment when George Washington died that December. Adams said and did all the right things, but a weight was lifted. For the first time he was president without Washington’s shadow hovering from Mount Vernon.
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Conference papers on the topic "Weight lifters"

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Gao, Dongqing. "Effect of 4-week High Intensity Training on Immune Function of Weight Lifters." In 2013 International Conference on Educational Research and Sports Education. Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/erse.2013.27.

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Piovesan, Davide, Michael Yagiela, Richard Johnson, and Anne Schmitz. "Combining Gait Trainers and Partial Weight Bearing Lifters: A Dynamic Analysis of Seat-to-Stand Transition." In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2016-9731.

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We analyzed a new class of passive devices that can help individuals regain their independence. A new walker design has been commercialized under the name of UP’N FREE®1. This new design can lift the user from a seated posture to a standing position through the employment of a four bar mechanism and gas piston. When the user is standing, the mechanism can provide partial compensation from gravity to help the user regain mobility. By using this system, users can sit and stand without another person’s assistance and can also compensate for gravity loads during walking both indoor and outdoor. This paper illustrates two examples of how to implement the dynamic lifting support and discusses the pros and cons of different system configuratons of a a gas spring cylinder as a passive actuator.
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Rundell, S. A., J. Isaza, J. S. Day, S. Guillory, W. N. Newberry, and S. M. Kurtz. "The Importance of Posterior Muscle Strength and Facet Contact in Preventing Lumbar Disc Herniation During Forward Bending." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19468.

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During forward bending, a combination of compression, anterior shear, and flexion moment is applied to the lumbar spine due to upper body weight. A combination of posterior muscle and ligament forces must be generated in order to prevent excessive motion and restore upright posture. It is generally believed that forward bending to 90 degrees while maintaining a straight or extended lumbar spine is biomechanically favorable compared to lifting with a rounded back [1]. A simple biomechanical model of the lumbar spine during bending in which the vertical force from upper body weight is balanced with posterior muscle and ligament tension would result in similar levels of compression of the disc regardless of the bending modality. However, this model does not take into consideration the facets. A study involving professional class weightlifters showed that subjects would increase the lordosis in their lumbar spines prior to executing a deadlift maneuver [2]. The authors suggest several possible advantages for why the lifters increased the lordosis including muscle control and geometric advantages, but do not indicate the potential for increased facet engagement. During forward bending the lumbar spine will be exposed to anterior shear forces, which will cause the facets to engage [3]. Posterior muscle activation occurring during facet engagement may generate a fulcrum, which has the potential to reduce the compression experienced by the disc. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to simulate forward bending with a previously validated finite element model of L4-L5 and determine if increasing posterior muscle force results in a reduction in disc pressure. We hypothesized that posterior muscle activation during forward bending would increase facet contact and reduce intradiscal pressure and nucleus extrusion forces thereby minimizing the contribution to progressive disc herniation.
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4

Chandegra, A., and D. Yu. "When Does a Weight Lifter Become a Surfer?" In 31st Annual Scientific Meeting of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR). Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1787481.

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5

Chapman, Edward, and George Chapman. "The Rise of the Hydrofoil and the Displacement of the Hull: The Design, Construction and Performance Measurement of a 6m Flying Catamaran." In SNAME 16th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-2003-014.

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The evolution of an all-round 6-metre hybrid displacement/flying day-sailing catamaran is described. A 4.9m prototype was a relatively conventional, but wide, beach-cat type platform with a single fractional rig. Fitted with mechanically incidence-controlled horizontal lifting surfaces beneath the twin daggerboards and a single inverted T rudder, the boat could be sailed in one of three modes: fully displacement with the lifting foils locked in neutral; one hull displacement and the other flying under automatic height control; two hull flying. The small size and structural fragility of the 4.9m boat led to the construction of a 2-man 6m version which, despite being overweight, performs satisfactorily over a wider range of operating conditions than her predecessor. A simple VPP suggested that a second pair of lifting foils with greater area would enlarge the fully oilborne performance envelope upwind, although reducing top speeds on other courses. In practice these foils performed poorly other than on flat water. Other errors contributed to the ultimate failure of one foil-strut assembly, the mode of which is described in detail. Prior to this it was found that operating the foils as stabilisers, i.e. in their active mode but with the hulls in the water, provided a remarkably comfortable, safe and fast ride, particularly upwind in gusty weather. Subsequently, "flying displacement" became the preferred upwind mode, with the original, smaller lifters. Because the author's working hours have limited the opportunity to sail against other similar sized beach cats, instruments to record the boat's performance have been developed. Based around readily available low cost microcontroller technology, the data gathered is processed to identify short, steady periods of sailing. The resulting polar diagrams have compared favourably with predicted performance. Supporting the weight of a boat, as well as resisting roll and pitch moments, through a more subtle combination of dynamic foil lift and hull displacement than presented here provides a continuing opportunity for further developments.
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Jianhe Lei, Ming Liu, Jinghua Ma, Quanjun Song, Liankui Qiu, and Yunjian Ge. "Movement Pattern Recognition of Weight Lifter Based on Ground Reaction Force." In 2006 6th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2006.1713996.

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Deniz, Sencer Melih, Hamraz Javaheri, Juan Felipe Vargas, et al. "Prediction of Lifted Weight Category Using EEG Equipped Headgear." In 2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bhi56158.2022.9926744.

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Rahman, S. M. Mizanoor, Ryojun Ikeura, Ishibashi Shinsuke, Soichiro Hayakawa, and Hideki Sawai. "Understanding the reasons for which power-assist-lifted weight is 40% of actual weight: The preliminary studies." In 2010 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science (MHS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mhs.2010.5669535.

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9

Lei, Jianhe, Zhen Gao, Quanjun Song, et al. "Analysis of GRF by Means of Wavelet Transform for the Performance Diagnosis of Weight Lifter." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Information Acquisition. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icia.2006.305743.

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10

Li, Yi-Chun, Steven A. Lavender, Raghu N. Natarajan, Gunnar B. J. Andersson, and Faird M. L. Amirouche. "Evaluation of the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation (1991): On the Asymmetric Multiplier." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0439.

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Abstract The NIOSH 1981 lifting equation (NIOSH, 1981) [1] is based on biomechanical, physiological, psychophysical, and epidemiological criteria in order to identify the risk of low back injuries in bi-manual lifting. The 1991 revised lifting equation [2] expands the application scope of the 1981 equation for evaluating asymmetrical lifting tasks, lifts of objects with less than optimal hand-container couplings, and a larger range of work duration and lifting frequencies; also, the load constant is reduced from 40 kg to 23 kg; the Lifting Index (LI) and the Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) replace the Maximal Permissible Limit (MPL) and Action Limit to indicate the potential risk. LI is an actual lifted weight and uses RWL as its unit. If LI &amp;lt; 1, it assumes that more than 99% of males and 75% of females are capable of performing the lifting task and the risk of causing low back injury is nominal. If LI &amp;lt; 3, it assumes that less than 25% of males and 1% of females are capable of performing the lifting task, and a greater percentage of manual materials handling workers is likely to be at risk of developing low back pain. Waters et al. (1993) [3] noted that although the 1991 equation has not been fully validated, the recommended weight limits derived from the revised equation are consistent with or lower than those generally reported in the literature. Hidalgo et al. (1995) [4] showed that the results of cross-validation of the NIOSH limits for psychophysical criterion confirmed the validity of assumptions made in the 1991 NIOSH revised lifting equation and for the biomechanical and physiological criteria which were not in total agreement. This validation was based on the psychophysical, biomechanical and physiological data recently published in the subject literature (Genaidy et al. 1990, Snook and Ciriello 1991, Genaidy et al. 1993, Asfour et al. 1991) [2]. Most of the validation limit in the sagittal plane lifting and 3.4 KN compressive force on the spine is the standard line in biomechanical criteria. The 1991 revised NIOSH lifting equation recommended that the allowable weight of lift be reduced by about 30% for lifts involving asymmetric twists of 90 degrees (Water et al., 1993), which considers asymmetric multiplier in the sagittal lifts as 1 and 90 degrees lifts as 0.7, and linearly reduced between the sagittal lifts and 90 degrees lifts. This maximum acceptable lifting capacity is applied not only in the heavier loads but also in the lighter loads. The hypothesis in evaluating NIOSH lifting equation on the asymmetric multiplier is that asymmetric multiplier may be appropriate adopted in the heavier loads (LI = 3) but will be improper applied in the lighter loads (LI = 1). Several types of data, static and dynamic data of the L5/S1 forces, moments, and compressive forces, are observed.
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