Academic literature on the topic 'Weighted Entropy'

Одним зі шляхів підвищення інтенсивності технологічних процесів є здійснення їх в активному аеродинамічному режимі – завислому шарі. Розробку і впровадження апаратів із завислим шаром на багатьох виробництвах стримує відсутність надійних розрахункових залежностей. Одержання останніх можливе при використанні ентропійних методів до опису складних процесів, що протікають при зважуванні і переносі турбулентним потоком газу частинок зернистого матеріалу. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/5796

El entrenamiento de la fuerza en los deportes de equipo ha ido evolucionando en las últimas décadas hacia un enfoque más integrador, adaptándose a sus características propias y distanciándose de los entrenamientos más tradicionales derivados de los deportes individuales. Julio Tous (Seirul·lo, 2017, Capítulo Tous Fajardo, Julio) propone un cambio de paradigma basando el entrenamiento de fuerza en el movimiento humano, así serán los movimientos los que actuarán como eje vertebrador de las propuestas de ejercicios de fuerza y no los grupos musculares, que serán los meros ejecutores. Una de las metodologías que nos permiten ajustarnos a este cambio de paradigma es el entrenamiento estructurado a través de sus diferentes niveles de aproximación deportiva. Seirul·lo (Seirul-lo, 1993b) estableció cuatro niveles de especificidad que iban de general a competitivo; posteriormente, Moras (1994) estableció seis niveles de aproximación deportiva que iban del 0 al 5 y sus diferentes agrupaciones. Uno de los grandes retos pendientes de abordar y aportar evidencia científica era mediante qué sensores y a través de qué tipo de análisis se debían monitorizar estos niveles de aproximación deportiva, especialmente en ese cambio de ejercicios con una predominancia condicional a otros con predominancia coordinativa. Desde una perspectiva de evaluación, las oscilaciones del movimiento humano se pueden evaluar como cualquier otra serie temporal (Couceiro et al., 2014). Sin embargo, las series temporales fruto de señales fisiológicas presentan fluctuaciones no lineales y, como consecuencia, realizar un análisis estadístico mediante técnicas lineales nos dará como resultado una información parcial del movimiento humano (Orellana & Torres, 2010). Por lo tanto, el uso de herramientas no lineales como la entropía puede ser una buena alternativa para explorar la naturaleza del movimiento humano y su relación con el desarrollo coordinativo (Preatoni et al., 2013), reflejando cambios en la variabilidad de movimiento durante la ejecución de las tareas y a lo largo del tiempo. Así, el objetivo de esta tesis fue analizar el rol de la variabilidad de movimiento medida a través de la entropía en tareas de fuerza con diferentes niveles de aproximación deportiva. Primero se hizo una prueba piloto con el objetivo de comprobar si los acelerómetros de dos sensores con frecuencias de muestreo de 100 y 1000Hz eran válidos para evaluar tareas de fuerza de corta duración seleccionados en los estudios de esta tesis. Se observaron que había diferencias tanto en los valores de aceleración media como de entropía en base a la frecuencia de muestreo, con valores de entropía significativamente superiores al registrar a 100 Hz, donde claramente se observaba que había una pérdida de puntos temporales los cuales hacían que la señal fuera menos previsible (Figura 11). En conclusión, dadas las características temporales de las tareas de fuerza en los deportes de equipo, 1000 Hz es una frecuencia adecuada para registrar los ejercicios cortos y explosivos, y por lo tanto fue la frecuencia empleada durante todos los estudios de la tesis. En el primer estudio se analizó la variabilidad en la aceleración durante una tarea de fuerza realizada con un cono de inercia sin (NOBALL) y con (BALL) el condicionante de coger y pasar un balón de rugby. Cambios en las medias (%; ± 90% CL) de 4.64; ± 3.1 g en la aceleración media y 39.48; ± 36.63 a.u. en la entropía indican un aumento probable y muy probable cuando se introduce el condicionante del balón. La entropía multiescala también mostró una mayor imprevisibilidad de la aceleración bajo la condición del balón, especialmente en escalas de tiempo más altas. Por lo tanto, la aplicación de condicionantes coordinativos en el entrenamiento de fuerza con jugadores de rugby produce una cantidad diferente de variabilidad de movimiento a través de múltiples escalas de tiempo fisiológico. El segundo estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las diferencias entre posiciones (forwards vs. backs) en la variabilidad del movimiento en el entrenamiento de placajes acumulados durante los roles de ataque y defensa. Los participantes realizaron cuatro bloques de seis placajes de defensa (es decir, placar a un oponente) y seis de ataque (es decir, ser tacleado por un oponente mientras llevaba una pelota), es decir, 48 placajes totales. Se utilizó la entropía muestral (SampEn) para analizar la variabilidad del movimiento. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre bloques en los backs (bloque 1 frente a 3 y bloque 1 frente a 4 pero no en forwards. La variabilidad del movimiento mostró una reducción progresiva con los placajes acumulados, especialmente en los backs y en el rol defensivo. Los delanteros presentaron valores de variabilidad de movimiento más bajos en todos los bloques, particularmente en el primero, tanto en el rol de ataque como en el defensa. Por último, el tercer estudio el objetivo fue identificar los cambios en la variabilidad de movimiento y la velocidad de ejecución durante un período de entrenamiento de seis semanas utilizando una tarea de fuerza realizada con un cono inercial sin (NOBALL) y con (BALL) el condicionante de coger y pasar una pelota de rugby, durante un período de seis semanas. SampEn no mostró una disminución significativa para NOBALL (ES -0.64 ± 1.02) y una disminución significativa para BALL (ES -1.71 ± 1.16; p <0.007). Además, la velocidad de ejecución mostró un aumento significativo para NOBALL (ES 1.02 ± 1.05; p <0.047), y un aumento significativo para BALL (ES 1.25 ± 1.08; p <0.025) entre las semanas 1 y 6. El índice de complejidad mostró mayores niveles en la condición de BALL, especialmente en las primeras tres semanas. La velocidad de ejecución y la variabilidad de movimiento se adaptaron a las limitaciones de la tarea después de un período de entrenamiento de cuatro semanas. Las medidas de entropía parecen una técnica de señal de procesamiento de datos prometedora para identificar cuándo se deben cambiar estas tareas de ejercicio en el entrenamiento de fuerza en los deportes de equipo. En conclusión, analizar la variabilidad de movimiento a través de la entropía tendrá un rol fundamental en el control y programación de tareas de fuerza en los deportes de equipo, especialmente cuando estas tengan una predominancia coordinativa basada en el movimiento deportivo.<br>Over the last decades, resistance training in team sports has evolved towards a more integrative approach, adapting to its own characteristics and distancing itself from the more traditional training derived from individual sports. Based on human movement, Julio Tous (Seirul·lo Vargas, 2017, Chapter Tous Fajardo, Julio) proposed a paradigm shift in which movements act as the backbone of exercise selection instead of the muscle groups, which in turn become mere executors. Structured training is a resistance training methodology that allows us to adjust to this paradigm shift through different levels of sports approach. Seirul·lo (1993) established four levels of specificity ranging from general to competitive. Subsequently, Moras (2000) developed six levels of sports approach, ranging from zero to five with different groupings. Analysis of human movement has evolved to allow the assessment of the variability of a measure by targeting the detection of changes in fluctuations and spatiotemporal characteristics of the outcomes. Within the past 20 years, entropy analysis has become relatively popular as a measure of system complexity. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to analyse the role of movement variability measured through entropy in resistance training in team sports with different levels of sports approach. First, a pilot test was carried out to compare the values of mean acceleration and entropy values in short actions (i.e. collisions) when registered with two devices with different accelerometer sampling frequencies (1000 Hz versus 100 Hz). Differences were observed for mean acceleration and entropy when measured with different sampling frequencies. Therefore, 1000 Hz was selected as the sampling frequency for the rest of the experiments on this thesis. The first study described the variability in acceleration during a resistance training task, performed in horizontal inertial flywheels without (NOBALL) or with the constraint of catching and throwing a rugby ball (BALL). Mean changes (%; ±90%CL) of 4.64; ±3.1 g for mean acceleration and 39.48; ±36.63 a.u. for sample entropy indicated likely and very likely increase when in BALL condition. Multiscale entropy also showed higher unpredictability of acceleration under the BALL condition, especially at higher time scales. Thus, the application of match specific constraints in resistance training for rugby players elicit different amount of variability of body acceleration across multiple physiological time scales. The second study aims to identify between-position (forwards vs. backs) differences in movement variability in cumulative tackle events training during both attacking and defensive roles. Participants performed four blocks of six tackling (i.e. tackling an opponent) and six tackled (i.e. being tackled by an opponent while carrying a ball) events (i.e. 48 total tackles) while wearing a micro-technological inertial measurement unit. Sample entropy (SampEn) were used to analyse the movement variability. Significant between-block differences were observed in backs (block 1 vs 3 and block 1 vs 4) but not in forwards. Movement variability shows a progressive reduction with cumulative tackle events, especially in backs and the defensive role. Forwards present lower movement variability values in all blocks, particularly in the first block, both in the attacking and defensive role. Last, in the third study aims was to identify the changes in movement variability and movement velocity during six weeks training period using a resistance horizontal forward-backward task without (NOBALL) or with (BALL) the constraint of catching and throwing a rugby ball in the forward phase, during a six-week period. SampEn showed no significant decrease for NOBALL (ES -0.64 ± 1.02) and significant decrease for BALL (ES -1.71 ± 1.16; p<0.007) conditions. Additionally, movement velocity showed significant increase for NOBALL (ES 1.02 ± 1.05; p<0.047), and significant increase for BALL (ES 1.25 ± 1.08; p<0.025) between weeks 1 and 6. The complexity index showed higher levels of complexity in BALL condition, specifically in the first three weeks. Movement velocity and complex dynamics were adapted to the constraints of the task after a four-week training period. Entropy measures seem a promising processing signal technique to identify when these exercise tasks should be changed. In conclusion, analysing the movement variability through entropy will have a fundamental role in the control and programming of resistance training in team sports, especially when they have a coordinative predominance based on sports movement.

The main aim of this thesis was to design and develop new Aluminium based compositionally complex alloys (CCAs) using the high entropy alloy (HEA) concept, and to understand their evolution of microstructures during casting and also after the secondary process which is heat-treatment, and finally to evaluate their subsequent mechanical properties. Prior to the development of alloys, a computational technique ThermoCalc was used which helped in understanding the phase formation in various results. Use of thermodynamic physical parameters for predicting the stability of single-phase fields was done to assess their validity in predicting the compositional regions of the alloys developed. The first alloy developed is Al73.6Mg18Ni1.5Ti1.9Zr1Zn4 in at% (NiTiZrZn) CCA. The microstructure consists of the FCC as a primary phase with ~49% volume fraction along with β-AlMg and intermetallic (IM) phases including Al3Ni, Al3Ti, and Al3Zr. After casting, the microstructure showed some presence of eutectic structures. The Al3Ti, and Al3Zr IM phases seemed to precipitate early which led to less homogenization of Ti and Zr, causing deviation in the amount of these elements in the matrix. Further, the CCA was heat-treated at 375 oC for 24hrs and 48hrs and the evolution of microstructure along with its hardness and phase transformation characterisation was investigated. The second developed alloy was quaternary Al65.65Mg21.39Ag10.02Ni2.94 in at% (AgNi) CCA. In the as-cast state, the main phase (matrix) was FCC with ~64 % volume fraction along with BCC, β-AlMg and Al3Ni IM phases. There was a good level homogenization of all elements in the alloy. They were further heat- treated at 400 oC for 24 hrs and 48 hrs and were studied for any change in microstructure along with its hardness and thermal stability. This CCA had the highest hardness value from all developed CCAs. Lastly, in order to check how Ni affects the microstructure and properties of (AgNi) CCA, a ternary Al67.2Mg22.09Ag10.7 in at% (Ag) CCA was developed. The composition was kept such that it is exactly 97% by excluding the Ni. During the development of this alloy, the cast was cooled in two ways first being the normal cooled just like other CCAs and second being a fast cooling method. Both of these alloys consists of the FCC phase as a primary phase with 72% volume fraction along with BCC and β-AlMg. Both of them were also heat treated at 400 oC for 24 hrs and 48 hrs to evaluate any changes in microstructure and also to assess its hardness and thermal stability.

In the context of MCDM, the Choquet integral constitutes an interesting aggregation model which generalizes both the classical and the ordered weighted means. In the Choquet integration framework, an additive capacity generates a classical weighted mean, whereas a symmetric (non-additive) capacity generates an ordered weighted mean. Moreover, a general (non-additive) Choquet capacity induces a natural weighted mean, the Shapley mean, whose weights correspond to the so-called Shapley power indices. In the first part of the thesis, we examine a negotiation model which combines the Choquet integration framework with the classical Morris H. DeGroot 1974 model of consensus linear dynamics, in interactive multicriteria and multiagents networks. We consider a set $N={1,ldots,n }$ of interacting criteria (or agents) whose single evaluations (or individual opinions) are expressed in some domain $mathbb{D}subseteq mathbb{R}$. The interaction among the criteria (or agents) is expressed by a symmetric interaction matrix with null diagonal and off-diagonal coefficients in the open unit interval. The interaction network structure is thus that of a complete graph with edge values in $(0,1)$. In the Choquet integration framework, the interacting network structure is the basis for the construction of a capacity $mu$, whose Shapley indices are proportional to the average degree of interaction between criterion (or agent) $i$ and the remaining criteria (or agents). In relation with this interactive multicriteria (or multiagent) network model, we discuss three types of linear consensus dynamics, each of which represents a progressive aggregation process towards a consensual evaluation (or opinion) of the single criteria (or agents), corresponding to some form of mean of the original evaluations (or opinions). In the first type, the progressive aggregation converges simply to the plain mean of the original evaluations (or opinions) of the single criteria (or agents), while the second type converges to the Shapley mean of the original evaluations (or opinions). The third type, instead, converges to an emphasized form of Shapley mean, which we call superShapley mean. The interesting relation between Shapley and superShapley aggregation is investigated. In the second part of the thesis, we focus on entropy constrained optimization in the context of ordered weighted means, both in the classical Shannon entropy case, and in the more general Tsallis entropy case. The maximum entropy method is based on the solution of a nonlinear constrained optimization problem in which the OWA weights are obtained by maximizing the entropy, given a specified degree of orness. In the Shannon entropy case, we begin by reviewing the analytic solution of the maximum entropy method proposed by Filev and Yager in 1995, and later by Fuller and Majlender in 2001, and we consider the maximum entropy method in the binomial decomposition framework. Then, we present the optimization of the parametric Tsallis entropy function associated with Ordered Weighted Averaging. We examine the meaning of the entropic parameter $gamma$ in the context of OWA functions and how it affects the behavior of the associated entropy function. We introduce the nonlinear constrained optimization problem of Tsallis entropy for parameter values $gamma in (0,1)$ and we obtain the solution for the optimal weights in terms of the two Lagrange multipliers. Both in Shannon and Tsallis entropy cases for parameter $gamma in (0,1)$, the optimal weights for orness values in the open unit interval are positive (except for the extreme orness values $0,1$) and monotonic (increasing or decreasing) over the whole orness range $Omega in[0,1]$.

In the context of MCDM, the Choquet integral constitutes an interesting aggregation model which generalizes both the classical and the ordered weighted means. In the Choquet integration framework, an additive capacity generates a classical weighted mean, whereas a symmetric (non-additive) capacity generates an ordered weighted mean. Moreover, a general (non-additive) Choquet capacity induces a natural weighted mean, the Shapley mean, whose weights correspond to the so-called Shapley power indices. In the first part of the thesis, we examine a negotiation model which combines the Choquet integration framework with the classical Morris H. DeGroot 1974 model of consensus linear dynamics, in interactive multicriteria and multiagents networks. We consider a set $N={1,ldots,n }$ of interacting criteria (or agents) whose single evaluations (or individual opinions) are expressed in some domain $mathbb{D}subseteq mathbb{R}$. The interaction among the criteria (or agents) is expressed by a symmetric interaction matrix with null diagonal and off-diagonal coefficients in the open unit interval. The interaction network structure is thus that of a complete graph with edge values in $(0,1)$. In the Choquet integration framework, the interacting network structure is the basis for the construction of a capacity $mu$, whose Shapley indices are proportional to the average degree of interaction between criterion (or agent) $i$ and the remaining criteria (or agents). In relation with this interactive multicriteria (or multiagent) network model, we discuss three types of linear consensus dynamics, each of which represents a progressive aggregation process towards a consensual evaluation (or opinion) of the single criteria (or agents), corresponding to some form of mean of the original evaluations (or opinions). In the first type, the progressive aggregation converges simply to the plain mean of the original evaluations (or opinions) of the single criteria (or agents), while the second type converges to the Shapley mean of the original evaluations (or opinions). The third type, instead, converges to an emphasized form of Shapley mean, which we call superShapley mean. The interesting relation between Shapley and superShapley aggregation is investigated. In the second part of the thesis, we focus on entropy constrained optimization in the context of ordered weighted means, both in the classical Shannon entropy case, and in the more general Tsallis entropy case. The maximum entropy method is based on the solution of a nonlinear constrained optimization problem in which the OWA weights are obtained by maximizing the entropy, given a specified degree of orness. In the Shannon entropy case, we begin by reviewing the analytic solution of the maximum entropy method proposed by Filev and Yager in 1995, and later by Fuller and Majlender in 2001, and we consider the maximum entropy method in the binomial decomposition framework. Then, we present the optimization of the parametric Tsallis entropy function associated with Ordered Weighted Averaging. We examine the meaning of the entropic parameter $gamma$ in the context of OWA functions and how it affects the behavior of the associated entropy function. We introduce the nonlinear constrained optimization problem of Tsallis entropy for parameter values $gamma in (0,1)$ and we obtain the solution for the optimal weights in terms of the two Lagrange multipliers. Both in Shannon and Tsallis entropy cases for parameter $gamma in (0,1)$, the optimal weights for orness values in the open unit interval are positive (except for the extreme orness values $0,1$) and monotonic (increasing or decreasing) over the whole orness range $Omega in[0,1]$.

Class of 2015 Abstract<br>Objectives: The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of a network wide computer system and the implementation of weight based dosing on heparin alert rates. Our central hypotheses was that the implementation of a network wide computer system will decrease alert rates for heparin infusions on smart pump infusion systems. Our rationale for this study was to evaluate methods to improve patient safety for high alert medications such as heparin. Methods: This was a before-after study design evaluating the effect of the intervention using data obtained by a smart pump infusion system. Heparin infusions at the university campus were analyzed for the effect of a network wide computer system, administered in the adult ICU or Med/Surg unit between July 2013-September 2013 and from January 2014-March 2014. Pump data from before the implementation of the network wide computer system was compared to the pump data obtained after the network wide computer system. Results: After the implementation of a hospital wide computerized physician order entry system, there was a statistically significant increase in heparin alert rates from 15.7 alerts per 100 infusions of heparin to an alert rate of 20.2 alerts per 100 infusions of heparin (P=0.001). Conclusions: The implementation of a network wide computerized physician order entry was associated with an increase in alert generation rate on smart pump infusion systems. Further studies are needed to elucidate this unexpected increase in alerts.

This thesis is an investigation of critical failure modes of solar tower power system in concentrated solar power (CSP) technology. The thesis evaluated the causes and impacts of failure on the major components and apply the failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) to CSP solar tower system. This research proposed an alternative method to overcome the limitations of Risk Priority Number (RPN) from traditional FMEA. A case study applies the proposed approach to CSP solar tower system for a better prioritization of failure mode in order to reduce the risk of failures.

[EN] Social impact assessment (SIA) is a part of environmental impact assessment (EIA), which is characterized by a high level of uncertainty and the subjective aspects that are presents in the methods used during its conduction. In addition, environmental conflict analysis (ECA) has become a key factor for the viability of projects and welfare of affected populations. In this thesis, an integrated method for SIA and ECA is proposed, by the combination of the grey clustering method and the entropy-weight method. SIA was performed using the grey clustering method, which enables qualitative information coming from a stakeholder group to be quantified. In turn, ECA was performed using the entropy-weight method, which identifies the criteria in which there is greater divergence between stakeholder groups, thus enabling to establish measures to prevent potential environmental conflicts. Then, in order to apply and test the proposed integrated method, two case studies were conducted. The first case study was a mining project in northern Peru. In this study, three stakeholder groups and seven criteria were identified. The results revealed that for the urban population group and the rural population group, the project would have a positive and negative social impact, respectively. For the group of specialists the project would have a normal social impact. It was also noted that the criteria most likely to generate environmental conflicts in order of importance were: access to drinking water, poverty, GDP per capita, and employment. The second case study considered was a hydrocarbon exploration project located in the Gulf of Valencia, Spain. In this study, four stakeholder groups and four criteria were identified. The results revealed that for the group of specialists the project would have a negative social impact, and contrary perceptions were shown between the group of those directly affected by the project and the group of citizens in favour. It was also noted that the criteria most likely to generate environmental conflict were the percentage of unemployment and GDP per capita. The proposed integrated method in this thesis showed great potential on the studied cases, and could be applied to other contexts and other projects, such as water resources management, industrial projects, construction projects, and to measure social impact and prevent conflicts during the implementation of government policies and programs.<br>[ES] La evaluación del impacto social (SIA) forma parte de la evaluación de impacto ambiental (EIA), y está caracterizada por su alto nivel de incertidumbre, y por los aspectos subjetivos presentes en los métodos usados para su realización. Por otro lado, el análisis del conflicto ambiental (ECA) se ha convertido en un factor clave para la viabilidad de los proyectos y el bienestar de la población afectada. En esta tesis, se propone un método integrado para la SIA y el ECA, mediante la combinación de los métodos grey clustering y entropy-weight. La SIA fue desarrollada usando el método grey clustering, el cual permite cuantificar la información cualitativa recogida de los grupos de interés o stakeholders. Sucesivamente, el ECA fue realizado usando el método entropy-weight, el cual identifica los criterios en los cuales existe gran divergencia entre los grupos de interés, permitiendo así establecer medidas para prevenir potenciales conflictos ambientales. Luego, con el fin de aplicar y testear el método integrado propuesto fueron realizados dos casos de estudio. El primer caso de estudio fue un proyecto minero ubicado en el norte de Perú. En este estudio se identificaron tres grupos de interés y siete criterios. Los resultados revelaron que para el grupo población urbana y el grupo población rural, el proyecto tendría un impacto social positivo y negativo, respectivamente. Para el grupo de los especialistas el proyecto tendría un impacto social normal. También fue notado que los criterios más probables de generar conflicto ambiental en orden de importancia fueron: acceso al agua potable, pobreza, PIB per cápita, y empleo. El segundo caso de estudio considerado fue un proyecto de exploración de hidrocarburos ubicado en el Golfo de Valencia, España. En este estudio se identificaron cuatro grupos de interés y cuatro criterios. Los resultados revelaron que para el grupo de los especialistas el proyecto tendría un impacto social negativo, y contrarias percepciones se encontraron entre el grupo de los directamente afectados y el grupo de los ciudadanos a favor. También fue notado que los criterios más probables de generar conflicto ambiental fueron el porcentaje de desempleo y el PIB per cápita. El método integrado propuesto en esta tesis mostró un gran potencial sobre los casos estudiados, y podría ser aplicado a otros contextos y otros tipos de proyectos, tales como gestión de recursos hídricos, proyectos industriales, proyectos de construcción de obras públicas, y para medir el impacto social y prevenir conflictos durante la aplicación de políticas y programas gubernamentales.<br>[CAT] L'avaluació de l'impacte social (SIA) és una part de l'avaluació de l'impacte ambiental (EIA), la qual està caracteritzada pel seu alt nivell d'incertitud i els aspectes subjectius presents en els mètodes amprats durant la seua conducció. A més, la anàlisis del conflicte ambiental (ECA) s'ha convertit en un factor clau per a la viabilitat dels projectes i el benestar de la població afectada. En esta tesis es proposa un mètode integrat per a l'avaluació de l'impacte social i la anàlisis del conflicte ambiental, mitjançant la combinació del mètode grey clustering i el mètode entropy-weight. L'avaluació de l'impacte social ha segut realitzada usant el mètode grey clustering, el qual permet que la informació qualitativa arreplegada dels grups d'interès siga quantificada. Successivament, la anàlisis del conflicte ambiental ha segut realitzada usant el mètode entropy-weight, el qual identifica els criteris en els quals existeix gran divergència entre els grups d'interès, la qual cosa permet establir mides per a prevenir conflictes ambientals potencials. Després, amb la finalitat d'aplicar i testejar el mètode integrat proposat han segut realitzats dos casos d'estudi. El primer d'ells ha segut un projecte miner al nord de Perú. En aquest estudi, tres grups d'interès i set criteris foren identificats. Els resultats revelaren que per al grup població-urbana i el grup població-rural, el projecte experimentaria un positiu i un negatiu impacte social respectivament. Per al grup dels especialistes el projecte tindria un impacte social normal. Per altra banda també va ser reconegut que els criteris més probables de generar conflicte ambiental en orde d'importància foren: accés a l'aigua potable, pobresa, PIB per càpita, i ofici. El segon cas d'estudi considerat va ser un projecte d'exploració d'hidrocarburs ubicat al Golf de València, Espanya. En este estudi, quatre grups d'interès i quatre criteris foren identificats. Els resultats revelaren que per al grup dels especialistes el projecte tindria un impacte social negatiu, mentre que entre el grup dels directament afectats i el grup dels ciutadans a favor es mostraren percepcions contraries. Va ser també reconegut que els criteris més probables de generar conflicte ambiental foren el percentatge de desocupació i el PIB per càpita. El mètode integrat proposat en aquesta tesis mostra un gran potencial sobre els casos estudiats, i pot ser aplicat a altres contexts i altres tipus de projectes com gestió de recursos hídrics, projectes industrials i projectes de construcció d'obres públiques. A més pot fer-se servir per mesurar l'impacte social i prevenir conflictes durant l'aplicació de polítiques i programes governamentals.<br>Delgado Villanueva, KA. (2016). Methodological proposal for social impact assessment and environmental conflict analysis [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/64063<br>TESIS