Relevant bibliographies by topics / Welding underwater

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Welding underwater'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Welding underwater"

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Alajmi, Esam F., and Ahmad A. Alqenaei. "Underwater Welding Techniques." International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications 7, no. 2 (February 2017): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/9622-0702031417.

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Abbasi, Mahmoud, Amin Abdollahzadeh, Behrouz Bagheri, Ahmad Ostovari Moghaddam, Farzaneh Sharifi, and Mostafa Dadaei. "Study on the effect of the welding environment on the dynamic recrystallization phenomenon and residual stresses during the friction stir welding process of aluminum alloy." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 235, no. 8 (June 21, 2021): 1809–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14644207211025113.

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Various methods have been proposed to modify the friction stir welding. Friction stir vibration welding and underwater friction stir welding are two variants of this technique. In friction stir vibration welding, the adjoining workpieces are vibrated normal to the joint line while friction stir welding is carried out, while in underwater friction stir welding the friction stir welding process is performed underwater. The effects of these modified versions of friction stir welding on the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy welded joints are analyzed and compared with the joints fabricated by conventional friction stir welding. The results indicate that grain size decreases from about 57 μm for friction stir welding to around 34 μm for friction stir vibration welding and about 23 μm for underwater friction stir welding. The results also confirm the evolution of Mg2Si precipitates during all processes. Friction stir vibration welding and underwater friction stir welding processes can effectively decrease the size and interparticle distance of precipitates. The strength and ductility of underwater friction stir welding and friction stir vibration welding processed samples are higher than those of the friction stir welding processed sample, and the highest strength and ductility are obtained for underwater friction stir welding processed samples. The underwater friction stir welding and friction stir vibration welding processed samples exhibit about 25% and 10% higher tensile strength compared to the friction stir welding processed sample, respectively. The results also indicate that higher compressive residual stresses are developed as underwater friction stir welding and friction stir vibration welding are applied.
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Fu, Yun Long, Ning Guo, and Ji Cai Feng. "Parametric Study of Underwater Laser Welding on 304 Austenite Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 972 (October 2019): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.972.222.

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The underwater laser welding assisted by a single-layer gas torch was carried out on the austenite stainless steel based on the underwater laser welding experimental platform. Butt welding experiments under shallow water were performed to investigate the effects of laser power, welding speed and defocusing distance on the underwater laser welding quality and optimized the process parameters. It was found that the ideal underwater laser weld can be obtained with the laser power of 2.0 kW, the welding speed of 2.0 m/min and the defocusing distance of 1 mm, demonstrating the self-developed single-layer gas-assisted drainage device could create working environment similar to onshore laser welding, by analyzing the metallographic structure and mechanical properties of underwater laser weld and in-air laser weld.
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Ibarra, S., and D. L. Olson. "Underwater Welding of Steel." Key Engineering Materials 69-70 (January 1992): 329–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.69-70.329.

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Surojo, E., N. I. Wicaksana, Y. C. N. Saputro, E. P. Budiana, N. Muhayat, Triyono, and A. R. Prabowo. "Effect of Welding Parameter on the Corrosion Rate of Underwater Wet Welded SS400 Low Carbon Steel." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 24, 2020): 5843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175843.

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This study aims to determine the effect of welding parameters on the corrosion rate of underwater wet welded SS400 low carbon steel. The underwater wet welding process was conducted using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). Three welding electrodes, i.e., E7016, RB26 and RD26, were used in underwater wet welding performed with water depth variations 2.5 m, 5 m and 10 m. Welding current in the experiment was set to be 100 A and 110 A. After the welding stage, corrosion test was carried out on each joint in a 3.5%-NaCl solution using three-electrode polarization resistance methods. Corrosion testing results indicated that the lowest corrosion rate was found in underwater welding with current parameters of 100 A, 2.5-m depth and RB26 electrodes. The highest corrosion rate is obtained with the setting of underwater welding of 110-A current, 10-m depth and E7016 electrodes.
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Sutrisno, Avando Bastari, and Okol Sri Suharyo. "Analysis of underwater welding in Indonesian warship using low hydrogen electrodes." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 7, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 083–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.7.3.0081.

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As a security unit for the territorial waters of the Republic of Indonesia, the Indonesian Navy is required for combat readiness to carry out security operations quickly and precisely. It is very important to the readiness of the Indonesian Navy's ABK Soldiers and the Republic of Indonesia's defense equipment for warships in carrying out security activities in the territorial waters of the Republic of Indonesia. This study discusses underwater wet welding in anticipating an emergency if the ship's hull is hit by a collision so that the hull has cracks or holes. This research method uses AH36 steel plate metal. Then, underwater wet welding was carried out on the AH36 plate using a low hydrogen type electrode. Before welding, the electrodes were subjected to a drying process to a temperature of 900C. Wet welding underwater is carried out at a depth of 5 meters in seawater. The results of underwater wet welding are NDT testing; penetrant test, radiography test, then also DT test; hardness test, tensile test, and test according to ASTM standard. Analysis of underwater wet welding results compared to atmospheric welding results as quality control, so that the percentage difference in mechanical properties can be known. The interesting thing from welding AH36 steel plate with underwater wet welding and applying low hydrogen electrodes is the minimal level of weld porosity defects in the welding results. So that the low hydrogen electrode can be used in welding AH36 steel plate in underwater welding applications.
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Chen, Bo, and Jicai Feng. "Modeling of underwater wet welding process based on visual and arc sensor." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 41, no. 3 (May 13, 2014): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-03-2014-0315.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to use visual and arc sensors to simultaneously obtain the underwater wet welding information, and a weld seam-forming model was made to predict the weld seam's geometric parameters. It is difficult to obtain a fine welding quality in underwater welding because of the intense disturbances of the water environment. To automatically control the welding quality, the weld seam-forming model should first be established. Thus, the foundation was laid for automatically controlling the underwater welding seam-forming quality. Design/methodology/approach – Visual and arc sensors were used simultaneously to obtain the weld seam image, current and voltage information; then signal algorithms were used to process the information, and the back propagation (BP) neural network was used to model the process. Findings – Experiment results showed that the BP neural network model could precisely predict the weld seam-forming parameters of underwater wet welding. Originality/value – A weld seam-forming model of underwater wet welding process was made; this laid the foundation for establishing a controller for controlling the underwater wet welding process automatically.
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Kononenko, V. Ya. "Underwater welding and cutting in CIS countries." Paton Welding Journal 2014, no. 6 (June 28, 2014): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2014.06.08.

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Yohanes, Peringeten, Muhayat Nurul, and Triyono. "Effect of Water Depth on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SS400 Steel in Underwater Welding." Key Engineering Materials 772 (July 2018): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.772.128.

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The application of underwater welding is for repairing the damage underwater structures and oil pipelines to extend the lifetime of the facilities. Generally, underwater welding studies were performed in shallow depth water. It is important to investigate the properties of the underwater welding joint based on the depth of water in meter scale. In this work, the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) was used to conduct the welding process of SS400 low carbon steel. The water depth of 2.5 m, 5.0 m, and 10.0 m were evaluated, while the welding electric current were varied in the range from 80 A to 110 A. Underwater welding processes were carried out using the E7016 electrode. Non-destructive and destructive tests were conducted including the X-ray analysis, microstructure investigation, tensile, and hardness tests. The X-ray analysis showed that there were many defects for all underwater welding specimens. The water depth of 2.5 m joint specimens provided the highest tensile strength. It decreased as increasing of water depth level. Stability of welding arc due to the water pressure was the main reason. Tensile strength increased slightly as the welding current increasing due to deeper penetration. For all specimens, the highest hardness was found in the HAZ which was adjacent to the fusion zone.
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Łabanowski, Jerzy, Dariusz Fydrych, Grzegorz Rogalski, and Krzysztof Samson. "Underwater Welding of Duplex Stainless Steel." Solid State Phenomena 183 (December 2011): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.183.101.

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The present work was conducted to assess the weldability of duplex stainless steel at underwater conditions. Interest of underwater welding of this steel grade is connected with necessity of preparing welding repair technologies for subsea pipelines widely used in offshore oil and gas industry. The GMA local cavity welding method was used in the investigations. Welded beads were performed underwater at 0.5 m depth and in the air. Metallographic examinations of welds, ferrite content assessment in microstructure and hardness test were performed. The good weldability at underwater conditions of duplex stainless with the use of GMA local cavity method was confirmed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Welding underwater"

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Clukey, David Alan. "Evaluation and Analysis of Underwater "Wet" Welding Process." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391793136.

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Cave, W. R. "Investigation of the constricted plasma arc process for hyperbaric welding at pressures 1 to 100bar." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360220.

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Wu, Ji. "Profile monitoring and object recognition using image processing." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240882.

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Overfield, Norman E. "Feasibility of underwater friction stir welding of hardenable alloy steel." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5092.

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The objective of this thesis is to determine whether friction stir welding (FSW) is a feasible welding process for steels in an underwater environment. Specific benefits would be underwater weld repairs on steel alloy piping systems and/or structures, and crack repairs on control surfaces of submarines without the need for strict environment controls or in the submarine's case, for drydocking. A single tool made of polycrystaline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) with a Tungsten-Rhenium binder was used to conduct a series of bead-on-plate FSW traverses, approximately 64 inches (1.6 m) in total length, on 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick plates of a hardenable alloy steel. The first series of traverses involved various revolutions per minute (RPM) and inches per minute (IPM) combinations on a dry plate. A second series was conducted while a plate was immersed in water in order to assess the potential for inducing hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) during FSW of susceptible alloys. All traverses were visually defect-free. The FSW nuggets (stir zone) exhibited refined microstructures and increased hardness relative to the base plate. Based on preliminary findings, FSW of hardenable alloy steel is a feasible process and should be further researched and refined.
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Stewart, William Chad. "Feasibility of underwater friction stir welding of HY-80 steel." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5741.

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The purpose of this thesis is to determine the feasibility of underwater friction stir welding (FSW) of high-strength; quench and temper low carbon steels that are susceptible to hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC). The specific benefits of underwater FSW would be weld repairs of ship and submarine control surfaces and hulls without the need for drydocking and extensive environmental control procedures. A single tool of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) in a Tungsten-Rhenium binder was used to conduct three bead-on-plate FSW traverses, approximately 40 inches in length on 0.25 inch HY-80 steel. The first traverse was a dry weld and the second and third traverse were wet (underwater) welds, all conducted at a combination of 400 revolutions per minute and 2 inches per minute. The wet welds were conducted for the purpose of assessing the HAC susceptibility of the process.
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Gnatetski, Viatcheslav. "Mechanical design and development of an automatic orbital welding system ("Halo")." Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted: no access until Oct., 28, 2010, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=69375.

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Cullen, Shawn. "Development of a Human and Organizational Factors (HOF) Annex for underwater welding." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/8258.

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CIVINS
Recent improvements in underwater welding have led to the increased use of wet and dry hyperbaric welding within the marine construction industry. The general acceptance of underwater welding processes has been further advanced by the standardization of methods, procedures, and certification requirements provided by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/American Welding Society (AWS) D3.6 Specification for Underwater Welding. A dedicated effort has been made by the AWS D3B Subcommittee on Underwater Welding to pursue all available means to improve the levels of productivity and safety across the underwater welding industry. One approach which has become a priority of the committee is the inclusion of Human and Organizational Factors considerations within the Specifications in the form of an HOF supplementary annex. This paper provides a brief summation of HOF principles, a methodology for developing an HOF Annex for underwater welding, recommended content and structure for such an annex, and a combined qualitative and quantitative procedure for determining the utility of recommended HOF improvement applications
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LEAO, ANA PAULA BECK. "NI ALLOYED WELD METALS WITH ADDITIONS OF CU AND MO FOR UNDERWATER WET WELDING." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15335@1.

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Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de melhorar as propriedades mecânicas dos metais de solda produzidos por eletrodos oxidantes com níquel, juntamente com adições de cobre e de molibdênio, através do refino de grão ou do endurecimento por solução sólida. Os eletrodos oxidantes se caracterizam por apresentar menores teores de hidrogênio difusível quando comparado aos eletrodos rutílicos. Entretanto o metal de solda depositado com este tipo de eletrodo possui propriedades mecânicas inferiores aos eletrodos rutílicos, já que elementos de liga importantes, como Mn e Si, são perdidos por oxidação. Com a intenção de contornar esta situação procurou-se adicionar elementos de liga que não sejam significantemente afetados pelo caráter oxidante do revestimento, como Cu ou Mo. Foram preparados dois corpos de prova para soldagem, nos quais foram usinados furos espaçados e um rasgo para adição de ambos elementos, Cu e Mo. As diferentes porcentagens destes elementos foram medidas através da microanálise por Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva. A partir desses resultados foi realizada análise microestrutural utilizando a Microscopia Ótica, medidas do tamanho de grão, além do ensaio de microdureza para avaliar a influência de cada elemento no metal de solda. Os resultados mostraram que o molibdênio teve uma forte influência na microdureza do metal de solda quando comparado ao cobre. Em relação ao tamanho de grão, eles apresentaram influências opostas, a adição de maiores teores Mo acarretou uma diminuição do tamanho de grão e a com a adição do Cu ocorreu um pequeno aumento do grão até tornar-se constante.
This work was carried out to improve the mechanical properties of weld metals deposited by nickel oxidizing electrodes, together with additions of copper and molybdenum, through the grain refinement or by solid solution hardening. The oxidizing electrodes are characterized by the lower levels of diffusible hydrogen and, hence, by the lesser possibility of cold crack formation when compared to rutile electrodes. However, the weld metal deposited with this type of electrode shows mechanical properties below that obtained by rutile electrodes, as long as important alloy elements, such as Mn and Si, are lost by oxidation. In order to avoid this situation and obtain weld metals with better mechanical properties it was added alloy elements that are not significantly affected by the oxidant character of the coating, such as Cu and Mo. Two test specimens were prepared for welding, where spaced holes and a notch were machined in each one for the addition of both elements, Cu and Mo. Different percentages of these elements were measured by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy microanalysis. From these results it was performed microstructural analysis using optical microscopy, grain size measurements and microhardness tests to evaluate the influence of each element in the weld metal and compare them to each other. The results showed that molybdenum has a stronger influence on the microhardness of the weld metal than copper. Regarding the grain size it was noted an opposite influence of the elements, where the addition of Mo caused a decrease of the grain size and the addition of Cu caused a slightly increase, until the grain size becomes constant.
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Moision, William Charles. "Underwater Welding of Mild Steel: A Study of the Effects of Welding variables on Weld Quality Using the Open Arc Flux Cored Process." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1393072985.

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ITOH, Y., Y. KITANE, and X. CHEN. "Compression Behaviors of Thickness-Reduced Steel Pipes Repaired with Underwater Welds." Elsevier, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/18823.

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Books on the topic "Welding underwater"

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Underwater repair technology. Cambridge, England: Abington Publ., 2000.

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(Firm), Knovel, ed. Underwater repair technology. Houston, Tex: Gulf Pub., 2000.

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Stephen, Liu, and American Bureau of Shipping, eds. International Workshop on Underwater Welding of Marine Structures: December 7-9, 1994, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. New York: American Bureau of Shipping, 1995.

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Cullen, Shawn. Development of a Human and Organizational Factors (HOF) Annex for underwater welding. Springfield, Va: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997.

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Zorbidi, V. N. Podvodnyĭ sudoremont. Moskva: "Transport", 1989.

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El fondo. Montevideo, Uruguay: Estuario Editora, 2013.

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Sheakley, Brian J. Effect of water depth on the underwater wet welding of ferritic steels using austenitic Ni-based alloy electrodes. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 2000.

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Herren, John. Diving and equipment. 3rd ed. Austin, Tex: Petroleum Extension Service, Division of Continuing Education, University of Texas at Austin, 2010.

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Specification for Underwater Welding. 2nd ed. Amer Welding Society, 1993.

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American Welding Society. Committee on Welding in Marine Construction. Subcommittee on Underwater Welding. and American Welding Society. Technical Activities Committee., eds. Specification for underwater welding. Miami, Fla: American Welding Society, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Welding underwater"

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Fu, Guangming. "Underwater Welding." In Encyclopedia of Ocean Engineering, 1–7. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6963-5_227-1.

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Blight, J., and G. Hutt. "Operational Automatic Hyperbaric Welding." In Advances in Underwater Technology, Ocean Science and Offshore Engineering, 277–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1299-1_29.

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Ye, Jianxiong, Zhigang Li, Xingling Peng, Jinlan Zhou, and Bo Guo. "Study of Ultrasonic Phased Array in Underwater Welding." In Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing, 175–82. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7043-3_13.

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Ronda, Jacek, and Oskar Mahrenholtz. "Numerical Modelling of Underwater Welding and Cutting." In Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses, 3425–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2739-7_988.

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Paramaguru, Dhanis, Srinivasa Rao Pedapati, and M. Awang. "A Review on Underwater Friction Stir Welding (UFSW)." In The Advances in Joining Technology, 71–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9041-7_6.

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LI, Wenhang, Huaidong Wang, Rui Yu, Jianxin Wang, Jiayou Wang, Mingfang Wu, and Sergii Yuri Maksimov. "High-Speed Photography Analysis for Underwater Flux-Cored Wire Arc Cutting Process." In Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing, 141–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8192-8_7.

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Nixon, J. H. "The Application of ROV’s to Underwater Welding Repair Tasks." In ROV ’86: Remotely Operated Vehicles, 151–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4207-3_15.

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Wahid, Mohd Atif, Pankul Goel, Zahid Akhtar Khan, Krishna Mohan Agarwal, and Etkaf Hasan Khan. "Underwater Friction Stir Welding of AA6082-T6: Thermal Analysis." In Advances in Engineering Materials, 365–75. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6029-7_34.

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Mistry, Hiten J., Piyush S. Jain, and J. Vaghela Tinej. "Experimental Comparison Between Friction Stir Welding and Underwater Friction Stir Welding on Al6061 Alloys." In Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 169–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3639-7_20.

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Cyril Joseph Daniel, S., and A. K. Lakshminarayanan. "Comparative Study of Friction Stir Welding and Underwater Friction Stir Welding on Magnesium ZE41 Alloy." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 755–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4745-4_67.

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Conference papers on the topic "Welding underwater"

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Fulton, R. "Advances in Underwater Welding." In OCEANS '86. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1986.1160557.

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Newton, Bruce. "Ambient Temperature Temperbead Welding Using the Underwater Laser Beam Welding Process." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-26134.

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Ambient temperature temperbead welding using the Machine Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process is widely accepted in the nuclear industry. GTAW machine ambient temperature temperbead welding, addressed in ASME Code Case N-638, has been used to repair ASME Class 1 components in numerous safety related applications. Underwater laser beam welding (ULBW) is gaining increasing industry recognition as a method for producing high quality welds in high radiation environments. Since ULBW enables high quality weld deposition in underwater environments, the process enables water to serve as a radiation moderator, reducing personnel exposure levels. ULBW’s advantages go beyond radiation exposure reductions, and this paper will provide the reader a better understanding of the ULBW process’s capabilities and properties. A recently formed ASME Task Group is preparing a new Code Case that will delineate specific requirements and essential variables governing use of ULBW to repair ASME Class 1 components. In addition, this Code Case will provide specific rules for use of the ULBW process for ambient temperature temperbead welding. Extensive testing has been performed to demonstrate ULBW’s capabilities with regard to ambient temperature temperbead welding in an underwater environment, and this paper summarizes testing and test results. It also provides a technical summary of the new Code Case, it’s requirements, and summarizes several of the bases for these requirements.
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Holdsworth, R. "Underwater Welding Techniques & Technologies." In OCEANS '86. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1986.1160561.

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Al-Abbas, Faisal M., Tariq A. Al-Ghamdi, and Stephen Liu. "Comparison of Solidification Behavior Between Underwater Wet Welding and Dry Welding." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49485.

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The solidification substructure, both mode and size, has influence on the mechanical properties of weld joints. Controlling the solidification substructure by obtaining finer grains will generally result in enhancement of the weld joint quality and properties. Thus, it is essential to understand how welding parameters including voltage, current and weld travel speed as well as the welding environment (air and water) affect the solidification substructure. This work presents the effects of welding parameters on columnar grain morphology for both wet and dry welds. Also it compares the solidification rate and columnar grain size (width and length) between the dry welds and wet welds. For fair comparison, the welding parameters of both dry welds and wet welds were maintained similar. The solidification rate of wet welds is faster than that for the dry welds. A maximum difference of 22% was observed at half distance from the fusion line to the weld centerline. For wet welds, the observations revealed that the average columnar grain width and length of wet welds decrease with increasing electrode angle and decreasing welding travel speed. On the other hand, the columnar grain width decreased with increasing welding current. Also, as the welding current increased the average columnar grain length increases. Dry welds differed from wet welds in that the columnar grain average length decreased as the welding current increases. Moreover, the wet weld columnar grains are finer than those found in the dry welds at low welding current, namely 110A and 120A, whereas the wet weld columnar grains are comparable or coarser at high welding current, e.g.130 A and 140A. Statistical analysis of the columnar grain aspect ratio data set using Student’s-t test resulted in low t-value, 0.329 for low current welds, while high t-value, 7.775, was obtained for the welds made at high welding current. Results revealed that the columnar grain morphology in wet welds and dry welds are statistically different at low welding current 110A while columnar grains in dry and wet welds are similar at high welding current 140A.
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5

Yoda, Masaki, Masataka Tamura, Takeshi Fukuda, Katsunori Shiihara, Kazuo Sudo, Takeshi Maehara, Yasuo Morishima, Hiromi Kato, and Hiroya Ichikawa. "Underwater Laser Beam Welding for Nuclear Reactors." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. ASME, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54836.

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6

Tang, Deyu, Huli Niu, Long Xue, Bo Sun, Tao Lv, and Zongtao Fang. "Study on underwater hyperbaric dry GMAW welding." In 2017 7th International Conference on Manufacturing Science and Engineering (ICMSE 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmse-17.2017.81.

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7

Fukuda, Takeshi, Rie Sumiya, Wataru Kono, Nobuichi Suezono, Masataka Tamura, and Itaru Chida. "Temper-Bead Weld by Underwater Laser Beam Welding." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75124.

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Abstract:
In repair welding for nuclear reactor vessel, low alloy steels are affected by heat input during welding process. The conventional repair welding for wall steel constructions requires post weld heat treatment (PWHT) to achieve the desired microstructure properties. However, post weld heat treatment is very difficult for some structures in operating plants. In such case, temper-bead welding technique is available as a repair welding method. Temper-bead welding employs a multi-pass deposition of welding metal. Each layer of beads provides heat for thermal treatment of the previous weld bead or layer, which lowers hardness of the heat affected zone (HAZ) and improves mechanical properties like the toughness. Toshiba has developed underwater laser cladding and laser seal welding techniques for reactor components repair welding. In this report, some experimental results of laser based underwater temper-bead welding are presented.
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8

Zhang, Xudong, Wuzhu Chen, Eiji Ashida, and Fukuhisa Matsuda. "Effect of shielding conditions on welding properties in underwater local-dry laser welding." In Photonics Asia 2002, edited by ShuShen Deng, Tatsuo Okada, Klaus Behler, and XingZong Wang. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.482868.

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9

Ibarra, S., C. E. Grubbs, and D. L. Olson. "The Nature of Metallurgical Reactions in Underwater Welding." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/5388-ms.

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10

Ibarra, S., D. L. Olson, and C. E. Grubbs. "Underwater Wet Welding of Higher Strength Offshore Steels." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/5889-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Welding underwater"

1

Lund, A. L. Feasibility of underwater welding of highly irradiated in-vessel components of boiling-water reactors: A literature review. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/560861.

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