Relevant bibliographies by topics / Welds assessment

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Welds assessment'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Welds assessment"

1

Edwards, Lyndon, Mike C. Smith, Mark Turski, Michael E. Fitzpatrick, and P. John Bouchard. "Advances in Residual Stress Modeling and Measurement for the Structural Integrity Assessment of Welded Thermal Power Plant." Advanced Materials Research 41-42 (April 2008): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.41-42.391.

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The safe operation of both thermal and nuclear power plant is increasingly dependent upon structural integrity assessment of pressure vessels and piping. Furthermore, structural failures most commonly occur at welds so the accurate design and remnant life assessment of welded plant is critical. The residual stress distribution assumed in defect assessments often has a deciding influence on the analysis outcome, and in the absence of accurate and reliable knowledge of the weld residual stresses, the design codes and procedures use assumptions that yield very conservative assessments that can severely limit the economic life of some plant. However, recent advances in both the modeling and measurement of residual stresses in welded structures and components open up the possibility of characterising weld residual stresses in operating plant using state-of–the–art fully validated Finite Element simulations. This paper describes research undertaken to predict residual stresses in stainless steel welds in order to provide validated reliable, accurate Structural Integrity assessment of nuclear power plant components
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De Waele, Wim, R. M. Denys, and A. Lefevre. "Fitness-for-Purpose Assessment of Misaligned Welds." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 2663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.2663.

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Despite many years of research, an understanding of the effect of misalignment is far from complete. This study is focused on an experimental assessment of the interaction between high-low misalignment (hi-lo) and defect tolerance of girth welds subjected to remotely applied plastic strains. The paper highlights the beneficial effect of weld strength overmatch on straining capacity and inherent conservative assumptions made in a standard ECA analysis.
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James, M. Neil, Hannalie Lombard, D. G. Hattingh, and Axel Steuwer. "Optimising Weld Process Conditions for Enhanced Fatigue Performance." Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (September 2007): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.561.

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This paper presents some ideas on incorporating output from advanced synchrotron and neutron scanning strain methods in improved assessment of the influence of weld process parameters on residual strains at welds and on their fatigue performance. It very briefly outlines two different cases involving synchrotron diffraction strain scanning of friction stir welds in a strain hardened aluminium alloy and neutron diffraction strain scanning of MIG welds in high strength steel.
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Broniewicz, Miroslaw, and Filip Broniewicz. "Welds Assessment in K-Type Joints of Hollow Section Trusses with I or H Section Chords." Buildings 10, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10030043.

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The use of hollow section structures has received considerable attention in recent years. Since the first publication of CIDECT (International Committee for the Development and Study of Tubular Structures), additional research results became available, especially concerning the design of welds between members of trusses joints. To assess the capacity of welded joints of trusses between braces made of hollow sections and I-beam chords, the effective lengths of the welds should be estimated and their location around the braces and the forces acting on individual weld’s sections. The objective of this paper is to present the most up-to-date information to designers, teachers, and researchers according to the design of welds for certain K and N overlapped joints between rectangular hollow section (RHS) braces and I- or H-section chord.
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Bocko, Jozef, Ingrid Delyová, Peter Frankovský, and Vojtech Neumann. "Lifetime Assessment of the Technological Equipment for a Robotic Workplace." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 12, no. 09 (November 2020): 2050097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825120500970.

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In technical practice, problems associated with material fatigue often arise. These problems can be caused by errors in the stages of design, production or use of the structure, e.g., by incorrect determination of service life, incorrect dimensioning of construction details, incorrect welds, etc. In the case of welds, such issues may be caused due to the fact that the base material is not welded through or due to the presence of a fistula inside the weld, the presence of slags or cracks inside the weld, etc. The task of the designer is to design a technological unit that meets all the requirements of future users. Components have to be designed for fatigue so that there is an acceptable level of probability that their operation will be satisfactory during their operation life. One of the most common causes of failure of welded joints is fatigue. Fatigue design life is understood to be the reference period of time during which the structure is required to serve safely and not to fail with an acceptable probability. This article deals with the assessment of service life of a welded supporting structure of technological equipment. The structure was subjected to strength analysis. The obtained FEA results were needed to plot the extreme amplitudes of the stresses. Based on the obtained stress vibrations and the welds used, the service life of the structure was assessed by means of the standard.
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Jia, Kun Rong, and Zhu Feng Yue. "Creep Continuum Damage Analysis for a Pressurized Thick Wall Circumferentially Welded CrMoV Steel Pipe at 640°C." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 922–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.922.

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The failure assessment for thick wall CrMoV steel pipes circumferentially welded at 640°C was studied using the Finite Element (FE) method under close-ended, open-ended and axial compression conditions, respectively. The life and position of failure, redistribution of stress on the welds and damage variations were obtained using damage modeling. Since there is a distinct mismatch of mechanical properties in parent material, weld material and heat affect zone, variations of damage with time, stress redistribution and failure life in each zone are different. The FEM results show that the weakness of the welds is the heat-affected zone (HAZ) where the hoop stresses increase sharply in the tertiary stage of creep. The maximum of damage of the welds lies on the inner surface of in the weld zone when failure occurs. The information is useful for assessing the performance of practical service welds in power plants pipe work.
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Nagy, Gyula, János Lukács, and Imre Török. "Assessment of Methods in Girth Welds of Steel Pipelines." Materials Science Forum 473-474 (January 2005): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.473-474.243.

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This paper presents two basic methods for the assessment of failed girth welds of steel hydrocarbon transporting pipelines. One of them is based on the principles of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and stress intensity factor conception for planar material discontinuities, and the other can be used for the complex assessment of all kinds of occurring defects. The results of the presented methods are compared to the results of burst test of pipeline sections containing a failed girth weld and cut from a Hungarian gas pipeline.
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Saravanan, T., S. Mahadevan, and C. K. Mukhopadhyay. "An improved quality assessment of fuel pin end plug welds using digital X-ray radiography." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 62, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2020.62.10.579.

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In fast breeder reactors, the quality of fuel pin end plug welds is very important because the presence of any weld defect can cause fission products to be released into the coolant circuit. Among the various defects that can form during welding, a root defect at the end plug weld joint is the most prominent type observed in fuel pins. A conventional X-ray film radiographic procedure for end plug welds of fuel pins inserted in a stainless steel (SS) shape correction block with a thickness of 7 mm will limit the minimum detectable wall thickness difference to 1.1% of the specimen thickness due to film gradient and film granularity factors. In the present work, with a standard X-ray digital radiographic data acquisition procedure and optimised radiographic exposure conditions (kV, mAs, etc), the normalised signal-to-noise ratio (SNRn) achieved is 140, which limits the detectable wall thickness difference to 2.8% of the specimen thickness. Hence, a modified digital X-ray radiographic inspection procedure is proposed to assess the quality of end plug welded fuel pins using a suitable X-ray detector calibration technique. The structural noise and pixel intensity variations between the flat-panel pixel elements are minimised using this modified procedure, which results in an order of magnitude increase in the SNRn of the radiographic images. Following implementation of this procedure with end plug welds, the X-ray images show that the achievable wall thickness difference is enhanced to 0.9% of the specimen thickness and microdefects are clearly observed in the welds.
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Adamiec, Janusz. "The Assessment of Impact of Construction Factors on Weldability of MSRB Alloy." Materials Science Forum 690 (June 2011): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.37.

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The purpose of the work was to assess the impact of construction factors on weldability of MSRB alloy. One conducted transvarestraint test, which allowed to assess welds' susceptibility to cracking under the conditions of forced strain of the casting, Fisco test which simulates welding under the conditions of strong stiffening of the weld, as well as Houldcroft test simulating variable strain of the weld. One concluded that the strain of castings is characteristic of the process of pad welding and welding. Assessment of susceptibility of MSRB alloy to cracking under the conditions of forced strain allows to determine the width of the high-temperature brittleness range (HTBR), critical strain speed of the weld CSS and critical temperature strain intensity CST. These parameters are the criteria of hot cracking of welds from MSRB alloy, therefore, they are indicators of the assessment of the alloy's weldability. Castings from MSRB alloys with constant rigidity should be classified as easily weldable. On the other hand, variable rigidity of the casting, resulting from e.g. diverse thickness of the walls, causes significant increase in the alloy's susceptibility to hot cracking.
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Yao, Deng Zun, Zhi Wen Li, Jian Wu Liu, and Lin Chen. "Application of State of the Art Assessment for Pipeline Girth Weld." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 1063–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.1063.

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In the pipeline construction, the girth welds tend to be the weakness because of defects and microstructural heterogeneities. The importance of suitable assessment of various defects in the weld is not only to prevent the cracks from unstable growth to cause catastrophic accident but also can effectively reduce the weld repair to reduce construction cost. Although many welding defects assessment methods and codes have been applied in this field, there are many differences among them. In this paper, the application of weld defect assessment methods was extensively studied. The key points of ECA applications, such as the pipeline axial stress and toughness, have been introduced. Furthermore, some suggestions were given on the application of girth weld ECA assessment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Welds assessment"

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Kocak, Okan Okay. "Defect Assessment Of Spot Welds By Ndi." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/4/1027382/index.pdf.

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Resistance spot welding is used frequently as a successful joining method for a variety of work commonly in automotive and other manufacturing processes. Spot weld nugget is generally hidden between two sheets, causing its inspection difficult and expensive. Undersized nuggets, brittle or cracked nuggets, and excessive indentation of electrodes reveals the lack of fusion between the parts that can make the weld sub-standard. Visual inspection, pry testing and physical teardown with chisel and hammer method or a combination of them are being used traditionally. However, this study presents a more effective nondestructive inspection method based upon an ultrasonic pulse-echo technique. The theory of the technique together with the experimental verification are presented and its advantages over the other destructive and nondestructive techniques are considered.
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Lefebvre, Fabien. "Micromechanical assessment of fatigue in airframe fusion welds." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416080.

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Bäckström, Mika. "Multiaxial fatigue life assessment of welds based on nominal and hot spot stresses /." Espoo : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2003. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2003/P502.pdf.

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BUENO, SERGIO IBAJE OLIVEIRA. "STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT OF PIPELINES WITH BLUNT CORROSION DEFECTS COINCIDENT WITH LONG-SEAM WELDS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10728@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A redução de espessura de parede causada por corrosão é um dos defeitos que mais afetam a integridade dos dutos. Estes defeitos podem ocorrer no metal base, nas soldas longitudinais ou circunferenciais, bem como nas zonas afetadas pelo calor. Os métodos de avaliação da resistência remanescente introduzem ressalvas ou proíbem o tratamento de defeitos de corrosão coincidentes com as juntas soldadas. No presente trabalho foram avaliados os níveis de segurança dos métodos usuais de avaliação da resistência de dutos com defeitos introduzidos na região da solda longitudinal de tubos soldados por arco submerso. Os tubos testados eram de aço C-Mn fabricados na década de 60 e foram retirados de operação após uma campanha superior a 30 anos. Com estes tubos foram fabricados 5 espécimes, cada qual com 1 defeito externo produzido por eletro-erosão, sendo posteriormente submetidos a testes de pressão monitorados. Foram realizados ensaios de tração, ensaios de impacto Charpy e ensaios de dobramento, para determinação das propriedades mecânicas do metal de base, do metal de solda e da zona termicamente afetada (ZTA). Foram realizados também ensaios metalográficos do metal de base e do metal de solda, análise química do metal de base e do metal de solda e medição das tensões residuais no metal de solda. A aplicação dos métodos de nível 1 (ASME B31G, 085dL, RPA, DNV isolado e PCORRC) resultou em pressões previstas inferiores às pressões reais de ruptura para defeitos de formato esférico. Para defeitos de seção retangular a aplicação dos métodos de nível 1 resultou em pressões superiores às pressões reais. A aplicação dos métodos de nível 2 (Effective Area e DNV geometria complexa) resultou em pressões previstas superiores às pressões reais de ruptura para defeitos de formato esférico e de seção retangular. As análises das fraturas indicaram que não ocorreu falha por deficiência de tenacidade em nenhum espécime. A corrosão alveolar leve pré-existente na superfície interna dos espécimes foi apontada como causa mais provável das pressões previstas superiores às pressões reais de ruptura.
One of the most important issues that affects pipeline integrity is corrosion-caused metal loss. This type of defect can occur over the pipe body, seam or girth welds or even on heat affected zones. Pipeline remaining strength criterions are restricted or even prohibited for assessing corrosion defects coincident with weld regions. This present work investigated the reliability of the most common assessment criteria for corroded pipes when defects were coincident with seam weld region in submerged arc welded pipes. The tested specimens were C-Mn steel pipe, from a pipeline manufactured in the 60´s and had operated for over 30 years. Five external defects were created on five pipe specimens and pressure tested until rupture. Stress, charpy V-notch and bending tests were carried out to find the mechanical properties of the welded joints. Microstructure and chemical composition from base metal and weld metal were also analyzed. Residual stresses on welds were measured. The level 1 criterion (ASME B31G, 085dL, RPA, DNV single and PCORRC) applications have underestimated failure pressure for spherical shaped defects. On the other hand, the same criterions have overestimated failure pressure for rectangular shaped defects. The level 2 criterions (Effective Area e DNV complex geometry) application overestimated failure pressure for all 5 specimens with both spherical and rectangular shaped defects. Fracture analyses have indicated that no specimen had a toughness controlled failure. Internal pit corrosion that was found after pressure testing is recognized as the most probable cause of underestimated pressure forecasts.
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Ceyhan, Ümit [Verfasser]. "High temperature deformation and fracture assessment of similar steel welds / vorgelegt von Ümit Ceyhan." [Clausthal-Zellerfeld] : [Univ.-Bibliothek], 2007. http://d-nb.info/985769653/34.

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Ren, Yao. "Investigation of residual stresses in X65 narrow-gap pipe girth welds." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16658.

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This research investigated the residual stresses in narrow-gap API 5L X65 pipe girth welds in as-welded and after post weld heat treatment (PWHT) conditions. The PWHT included global furnace and local practices. Non-destructive neutron diffraction (ND) strain scanning was carried out on selected pipe spools and strainfree reference samples for the determination of the lattice spacing before and after PWHT. The as-welded and post-heat treatment residual stresses measured in the pipe spools were examined and compared. Experimental work also included full residual stress mapping in the weldment and through-thickness measurement at weld centre and close to the external and internal pipe surfaces. The measured profiles were compared with the recommendations given in British flaw assessment procedure BS 7910 "Guide to methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in metallic structures" and the UK nuclear industry's R6 procedure. The design, preparation and experimental neutron diffraction measurement procedures for the determination of the strain-free lattice parameter in various configurations of reference samples and in the required directions were discussed. The variability of the lattice spacing in the reference samples was found depended on the specimen manufacture methods and thermal process. Welding residual stresses were also simulated using finite element analysis (FEA) modelling approach. The simulated thermal cycles and transient strains at specific locations were compared with the experimental readings. The residual stress profiles derived from finite element model were compared with the measurements from neutron diffraction. It was found, the measured and simulated, as-welded - residual stress profiles showed good consistency in terms of stress distribution and magnitude to reasonable extent. Measurement results also indicated that local PWHT was effective in reducing the residual stresses in the pipes to a level similar to that achieved by a global approach.
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Zia, Tabari M. "Design, development and assessment of an automated ultrasonic inspection system in production and experimental analysis if tubular butt welds for identification and characterisation of weld defect." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376231.

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Peč, Michal. "Rozbor únosnosti vybraných svařovaných konstrukčních uzlů zatěžovaných staticky a cyklicky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231975.

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Welding is a widely used method of connecting components because of its efficiency, great value and almost endless possibilities of join types. A great variability of geometrical configurations of welds is problematic due to the assessment of the weld joint. Depending on this topic this thesis was focused on the assessment of weld joints statically and cyclically. Work in the first part deals with the search of methods for evaluation of welds and depending on identified options is subsequently selected American standard AISC assessment of welded joints. The method is applied into FEA analysis and simple welded joints are evaluated. Using FEM are computed three examples on which a comparative analysis was performed. Comparisons were made with the analytical solution based on changes in the parameters of the computational model. The change is primarily related to material properties, mesh size and division of the weld on segments. On the basis of knowledge from analysis of simple joints, method was extended to more general welded joints with the possibility of determining the maximum loading force.
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Smith, Carey. "Studies on weed risk assessment." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AFM/09afms644.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 124-136. This thesis gives an overview of factors used in weed risk assessments and explores the disparity between the measured high accuracy rate of the weed risk assessment system (WRA) as implemented in Australia and the pessimistic assessments of some workers about the possibility of predicting the weed potential of plant species imported in the future. The accuracy of the WRA may not be as high as previously thought, and it varies with weed definition and taxonomic groups. Cluster analysis and comparative analysis by independent contrasts were employed to determine the value of individual biological and ecological questions on the WRA questionnaire. Results showed that some WRA questions could be deleted from the questionnaire and the scores for others weighted differently. The WRA is not a reliable predictor of weeds when it is considered in the context of the base-rate probability of an introduced plant becoming weedy in Australia. As a result a far greater number on non-weeds will be placed on the prohibited imported list than was initially expected.
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Prus, J. L. "New methods of risk assessment for the release of transgenic plants." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360068.

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Books on the topic "Welds assessment"

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Tavakoli, S. M. Assessment of ageing properties and residual stresses in thermoplastic welds. Cambridge: TWI, 1996.

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Bäckström, Mika. Multiaxial fatigue life assessment of welds based on nominal and hot spot stresses. Espoo [Finland]: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2003.

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Champion, Paul D. Border control for potential aquatic weeds. Wellington, N.Z: Dept. of Conservation, 2001.

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United States. Forest Service. Rocky Mountain Region. Bighorn National Forest draft noxious weed management environmental assessment. [Denver, Colo.?]: USDA Forest Service, R-2, 1998.

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Kikō, Genshiryoku Anzen Kiban. Fukuzatsu keijōbu kiki haikan kenzensei jisshō (IAF) jigyō: Yōsetsu zanryū ōryoku kaiseki hyōka dēta-shū : shuraudo sapōto yōsetsubu (H8, H9, H10 oyobi H11 yōsetsubu) = Project of integrity assessment of flawed components with structural discontinuity (IAF) : data book for residual stress analysis in weld joint : weld joint in shroud support (H8, H9, H10 and H11 welds). Tōkyō-to Minato-ku: Genshiryoku Anzen Kiban Kikō, 2012.

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Shinn, Eugene A. Impact assessment of exploratory wells offshore south Florida. New Orleans: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Office, 1990.

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Lennox, Jeffrey B. Application of well condition assessment and rehabilitation techniques. Denver, CO: Awwa Research Foundation, 2006.

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Champion, Paul D. Border control for potential aquatic weeds: Weed risk management. Wellington, N.Z: Science & Technical Pub., Dept. of Conservation, 2007.

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Duncan, Celestine A., and Melissa L. Brown. The Montana weed management plan. Helena, Mont: Montana Dept. of Transportation, 2005.

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Williams, P. A. A proposed conservation weed risk assessment system for the New Zealand border. Wellington, N.Z: Dept. of Conservation, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Welds assessment"

1

De Waele, Wim, R. M. Denys, and A. Lefevre. "Fitness-for-Purpose Assessment of Misaligned Welds." In Materials Science Forum, 2663–66. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.2663.

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Nagy, Gyula, János Lukács, and Imre Török. "Assessment of Methods in Girth Welds of Steel Pipelines." In Materials Science, Testing and Informatics II, 243–48. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-957-1.243.

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Yoo, Keun Bong, Hyun Sun Choi, Eui Hyun Kim, Sun Young Cho, and Jae Hoon Kim. "Assessment of Fatigue Life for High-Temperature Pipeline Welds by Non-Destructive Method." In Experimental Mechanics in Nano and Biotechnology, 497–500. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-415-4.497.

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Yoo, Keun Bong, and Jae Hoon Kim. "Assessment of Fatigue Life for High-Temperature Pipeline Welds Using X-Ray Diffraction Technique." In Key Engineering Materials, 130–33. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.130.

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Jordaan, Sarah Marie. "Life Cycle Impact Assessment." In Wells to Wire, 45–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71971-5_4.

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Jordaan, Sarah Marie. "An Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment of Natural Gas-Fired Electricity." In Wells to Wire, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71971-5_1.

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Brückner, A., and D. Munz. "Probabilistic Assessment of Structures with Weld Defects." In Probabilistic Methods in the Mechanics of Solids and Structures, 343–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82419-7_32.

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Seip, Knut L. "Decisions with Multiple Environmental Objectives. The Siting of Oil Drilling Wells in Norway." In Water Resources Engineering Risk Assessment, 503–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76971-9_26.

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Tyson, W. R., S. Xu, and D. M. Duan. "Assessment Methodologies for Girth Weld Defects in Pipelines." In Integrity of Pipelines Transporting Hydrocarbons, 75–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0588-3_6.

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Chen, Shaohai, and Peter B. Nagy. "Edge Weld Penetration Assessment via Electric Current Deflection Measurements." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1199–206. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5947-4_156.

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Conference papers on the topic "Welds assessment"

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Haagensen, P. J., S. J. Maddox, and K. A. Macdonald. "Guidance for Fatigue Design and Assessment of Pipeline Girth Welds." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37496.

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Risers and sections of pipeline in free-span can be subjected to cyclic loading from flow-induced vibrations and other fluctuating forces leading to fatigue loading of the structure. Single-sided welds are of particular interest, however current design codes take a pessimistic view of their fatigue performance. Improvements in the quality of the finished weld produced by modern pipeline welding technology, and indeed advances made in knowledge about fatigue of such welds, mean that revision of the design guidance is now warranted. This paper reviews the fundamental basis of the existing S-N curves used for North Sea applications and considers their applicability in the light of research on fatigue of girth welds. Based on the review, proposals are made for revised fatigue design rules for girth welds in pipelines.
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Vasilikis, Daniil, Tomasz Tkaczyk, and Aurelien Pepin. "Fracture Assessment of Flaws in Undermatching Welds." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18747.

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Abstract The criticality of girth weld flaws in subsea pipelines, installed by methods introducing plastic strains such as reel-lay, is usually evaluated through an engineering critical assessment (ECA). Most ECA methodologies require weld overmatch for pipes subjected to plastic deformation. This, however, is not always achievable for corrosion resistant or even carbon steel pipelines. In this case, a material and geometry-specific ECA is often applied. However, this ECA approach necessitates many 3D finite-element (FE) fracture analyses to be performed. Therefore, the authors propose a simpler screening assessment, which requires undertaking only a limited number of 3D FE fracture analyses. If the significance of a weld undermatch is shown to be negligible then a material and geometry-specific FE-based ECA is deemed unnecessary. Instead, flaw acceptance criteria can be determined under the assumption of weld evenmatch using a material-specific analytical ECA. The work was undertaken to define and validate the screening assessment process. Subsequently, DNV-GL endorsed the proposed approach which has since been successfully applied on several projects allowing optimization of the project cost and schedule. This paper describes the screening assessment methodology and discusses its application range and limitations. The conclusions and recommendations from a validation program are also provided.
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Carlucci, Antonio, Nicola Bonora, Andrew Ruggiero, Gianluca Iannitti, and Gabriel Testa. "Integrity Assessment of Clad Pipe Girth Welds." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23625.

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Current design standards and codes do not provide specific guidance how to perform engineering criticality assessment with bi-metallic girth weld in lined or clad pipe. Recently, Bonora et al. (Proc. ASME 2013 32nd OMAE conf.) proposed the equivalent material method (EMM) which allows one still to use current design assessment routes. The method consists in considering instead of three materials in the weld joint, a single “equivalent” material with a flow curve defined as the interpolated lower bound of the three weld joint material flow curves. In this work, the applicability of the EMM was verified considering the effect associated with inner pressure loading and weld residual stresses. To this purpose, two flaw geometry configurations have been investigated. Particular relevance was given to the multi-pass weld process simulation. Numerical results indicate that the EMM always provides conservative results in terms of applied J with respect to those estimated considering the effective multi-materials configuration in the weld joint.
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Dugan, Sandra, and Anne Jüngert. "Ultrasonic Inspection of Dissimilar Metal Welds for Probabilistic Reliability Assessment of Pipe Welds." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-66210.

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There are several sources of uncertainties which need to be considered in a probabilistic reliability and lifetime assessment of safety-relevant components. In addition to the probabilistic distribution of material properties, the size and properties of flaws present in a component contribute to uncertainties in the lifetime analysis. In a current reactor safety research project, a methodology for a probabilistic fracture mechanics assessment of reliability for components with austenitic and dissimilar metal welds will be developed using the combined results from statistical evaluation of material properties and ultrasonic inspection (UT). Dissimilar metal welds present a particular challenge for ultrasonic testing due to the effects of the material anisotropy on ultrasonic propagation and scattering. Evaluation of inspection results is typically done using image-based techniques. As there is no simple relationship between UT response and flaw size, criteria for image evaluation and flaw sizing have to be defined taking into account the influence of various factors such as material and flaw properties on the UT response. In this paper, we present results from a study of the influence of grain structure on the ultrasonic inspection results and discuss the challenges of extracting data for probability of detection (POD) analyses.
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Al-Muslim, Husain Mohammed, and A. F. M. Arif. "Integrity Assessment of Interaction of Dents With Residual Stresses of Welds Using Probabilistic Design Analysis." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90194.

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The interaction of dent with the weld has always been considered a threat to the pipeline. Therefore, Codes and procedure impose more stringent rules than normally applied to plain dents. For example, ASME B31.8 considers dents deeper than 2% and interacting with welds to be injurious and requires an engineering assessment if they are to be left without repair. The objective of this paper is to present a new method of assessment that utilizes finite element analysis couples with probabilistic design analysis. In this paper, the impact of interaction of dent with longitudinal welds and girth welds will be under static and cyclic pressure conditions will be evaluated. The combined effects are included in a single FEA model and the welds will be simulated by imposing initial residual stresses along the weld line. The first part of the paper uses deterministic analysis to present strain and stress contours at the end of indentation stage as well as the stress range and fatigue cycles at the end of pressure cycle stage for a longitudinal weld case as well as girth weld case. The second part uses probabilistic design analysis with variable geometry, material and pressure in addition to the weld location and residual stress value to determine the sensitivity of the strain, stress, and stress range to the input. Two probabilistic design analyses are conducted: one for the interaction of dent with longitudinal welds, the other for the interaction of dent with girth welds.
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Semiga, Vlad, Aaron Dinovitzer, Amin Eshraghi, and Robert Lazor. "Development of Pipeline Sleeve End Fillet Weld Stress Intensity Factor and Reference Stress Solutions for Fatigue and Failure Assessment." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64491.

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Pipeline defects such as cracks, dents and corrosion often require permanent pressure retaining repairs. Full encirclement metallic repair sleeves with fillet-welded end connections to the pipeline are often used for this purpose. In-service failures have occurred at pressure retaining sleeves as a result of defects associated with the sleeve welds, such as hydrogen-induced cracks, undercut at the fillet welds and inadequate weld size. At present, accurate quantitative fitness for service assessments for circumferential defects in a sleeve fillet welds are difficult to carry out due to a lack of detailed stress intensity factor (SIF) solutions for finite length cracks. The primary objective of the project presented in this paper [1] was to develop flaw acceptance criteria which will fill gaps in the available Engineering Critical Assessment procedures for metallic sleeve repairs on all grades of pipelines. SIF solutions for finite length sleeve-end fillet weld toe and root cracks were generated and used to develop parametric equations suitable for carrying out defect assessments. These equations can be used in the assessment of fatigue crack growth and/or fracture using failure assessment diagram (FAD) methods at sleeve end fillets alongside the results developed for other structural geometries in national standards. The equations were developed based on detailed finite element (FE) analyses of a wide range of sleeve end fillet weld cracking scenarios to estimate the SIFs at both the deepest point and the surface breaking point along the crack front.
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Bender, Thorben, Andreas Klenk, and Stefan Weihe. "Damage Assessment of Similar Martensitic Welds Under Creep, Fatigue and Creep-Fatigue Loading." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21497.

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Abstract For the assessment of welds under high-temperature conditions in the creep or creep-fatigue regimes, the knowledge on the damage location and its temporal evolution are of high importance. The failure behavior of similar welds of ferritic-martensitic steels in the creep regime is well known. For creep-fatigue loading, the behavior of welds is still subject to research but it seems that the heat affected zone (HAZ) limits the lifetime of welded components as well. This local failure behavior is not reflected in design guidelines using weld reduction factors or in typical assessment approaches. The evaluation of local strains and stresses in the HAZ is unavoidable. For the improvement of design and inspection guidelines, a more detailed consideration of weld behavior is of interest. In this paper, an overview of current developments in the assessment of welds under creep, fatigue, and creep-fatigue loading conditions is given. An assessment approach for creep damage and failure, including the prediction of rupture time and location, is presented. The assessment is based on numerical analyses considering the different behavior of base material and HAZ represented by three different subzones. The approach is validated with the simulation of a uniaxial cross weld, creep crack, and component tests. Whereas the creep behavior of the HAZ compared to base metal is quite well known, there is only little knowledge of their fatigue behavior. Using a set of fatigue tests on HAZ, base metal specimens and cross weld specimens, the influence of fatigue and creep-fatigue loading on the lifetime and failure location of a weld will be discussed. For the numerical simulations, a viscoplastic material law of Chaboche type is used and an evaluation of the local strains in the HAZ allows an attempt to explain the observed failure locations.
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Bonora, N., A. Carlucci, A. Ruggiero, and G. Iannitti. "Simplified Approach for Fracture Integrity Assessment of Bimetallic Girth Weld Joint." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11492.

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Recent extensive use of Corrosion Resistance Alloy (CRA) as internal protection layer of standard carbon-steel pipes (clad and lined pipe) in the oil and gas industry requires an intensive use of bimetallic welds. Since some degree of defects in welds is inevitable, and in codes and standards (such as BS7910) the case of bi-metallic joint is usually not considered, some R&D’s activities are ongoing to define specific design guidance for an Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA) aimed at determining flaw acceptance criteria for fabrication of bimetallic joints. Based on the limited guidance in the literature, proposed procedures for ECA on CRA welds seem not cover the root/hot pass weld region, for which the requirement of “zero defect” became mandatory. As direct consequence, it penalizes the weld fabrication rate, particularly if “J-lay” or “S-Lay” methods are adopted. Furthermore, they are investigating on cases where weld material is overmatching the base metal or for a limited partial overmatching, despite for CRA welds, such conditions, seem quite difficult to be fully met, if current consumable materials present in the marked are selected. Aim of present paper is to describe how any standard ECA procedure (ordinarily used to assess carbon-steel welds) may be alternatively adopted to assess CRA welds for clad & lined pipe material, if specific conditions are respected. For this purpose a few number of elastic-plastic Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is required to identify and/or extends the validity limits which have to be met in order to be conservative in the use of selected standard procedure. Outer, inner and under clad flaws, located along the weld fusion line, were investigated. Such approach, certainly leads to a quite conservatism, but gives the advantage to provide a safe flaws acceptance criterion in root/hot pass weld, and it may be also applied for any level of weld partial overmatching condition. Despite proposed simplified approach is suitable until moderate plastic straining, it may be appropriated for any ECA on CRA pipe when “J-lay” or “S-lay” installation method is adopted, and/or for many riser’s configuration, and/or for several flowline routing also if exposed to post-buckling condition. It is demonstrated that the proposed simplified approach, when applied under moderate plastic strain conditions, provides accurate J-integral solutions compared to the complex method as proposed by current R&D.
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Kotian, Kunal, and Yong-Yi Wang. "Material Properties and Flaw Characteristics of Vintage Girth Welds." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64420.

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Integrity assessment of girth welds in in-service vintage pipelines is sometimes necessary, including regulatory requirements, changes in service or pipe support conditions which may cause additional stress on the girth welds, or “indications” being reported in in-line inspection (ILI). Material properties and flaw characteristics are essential in such assessment, but very little data are available in most cases. In a PRCI-funded effort, material properties and flaw characteristics of vintage girth welds are generated and analyzed to fill the critical gaps. The output of this effort is being used as the inputs to a vintage girth weld assessment procedure being developed in a separate and parallel effort. The outcome of these efforts collectively allows for the assessment of vintage girth welds, which is a part of an overall integrity management program. The basic material property data being generated include (i) pipe tensile properties in both hoop and longitudinal directions, (ii) weld metal tensile properties, (iii) macrohardness traverse, and (iv) Charpy impact transition curves with notches in the heat affected zone (HAZ) and deposited weld metal. These data provide essential information on tensile strength, weld strength mismatch, and toughness. In addition, tensile tests were conducted on cross-weld specimens with natural flaws and artificially machined planar flaws. These cross-weld tests provide an indication of the welds’ stress capacity in the presence of flaws. They also provide the apparent toughness which is essential in assessing welds’ tensile strain capacity. All tested girth welds were inspected using radiography and phased array UT. Thus, this work provides a coherent picture of the material properties, flaw characteristics, and stress and strain capacities of the tested vintage girth welds.
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McGovern, Megan, Teresa Rinker, and Ryan Sekol. "Pulsed infrared thermography for assessment of ultrasonic welds." In Nondestructive Characterization and Monitoring of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, Civil Infrastructure, and Transportation XII, edited by Peter J. Shull. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2297688.

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Reports on the topic "Welds assessment"

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Sullivan, Edward J., and Michael T. Anderson. Assessment of Weld Overlays for Mitigating Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking at Nickel Alloy Butt Welds in Piping Systems Approved for Leak-Before-Break. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061417.

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Anderson, Michael T., Susan L. Crawford, Stephen E. Cumblidge, Kayte M. Denslow, Aaron A. Diaz, and Steven R. Doctor. Assessment of Crack Detection in Heavy-Walled Cast Stainless Steel Piping Welds Using Advanced Low-Frequency Ultrasonic Methods. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/921260.

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Diaz, Aaron A., Kayte M. Denslow, Anthony D. Cinson, Marino Morra, Susan L. Crawford, Matthew S. Prowant, Stephen E. Cumblidge, and Michael T. Anderson. Technical Letter Report Assessment of Ultrasonic Phased Array Testing for Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Pressurizer Surge Line Piping Welds and Thick Section Primary System Cast Piping Welds JCN N6398, Task 2A. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1023212.

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Anderson, Michael T., Aaron A. Diaz, Anthony D. Cinson, Susan L. Crawford, Matthew S. Prowant, and Steven R. Doctor. Final Assessment of Manual Ultrasonic Examinations Applied to Detect Flaws in Primary System Dissimilar Metal Welds at North Anna Power Station. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1130661.

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Diaz, Aaron A., Anthony D. Cinson, Susan L. Crawford, Royce Mathews, Traci L. Moran, and Michael T. Anderson. Technical Letter Report Assessment of Ultrasonic Phased Array Inspection Method for Welds in Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Pressurizer Surge Line Piping JCN N6398, Task 1B. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/992378.

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Sullivan, Edmund J., and Michael T. Anderson. Assessment of the Mechanical Stress Improvement Process for Mitigating Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking in Nickel Alloy Butt Welds in Piping Systems Approved for Leak-Before-Break. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1074311.

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N. Environmental Assessment Expanded Ponnequin Wind Energy Project Weld County, Colorado. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/768504.

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BENNETT, D. B., D. E. PAQUETTE, K. KLAUS, and W. R. DORSCH. BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY SOURCE WATER ASSESSMENT FOR DRINKING WATER SUPPLY WELLS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/777847.

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BENNETT, D. B., D. E. PAQUETTE, K. KLAUS, and W. R. DORSCH. BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY SOURCE WATER ASSESSMENT FOR DRINKING WATER SUPPLY WELLS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/777927.

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Smith, K. P., G. P. Williams, D. L. Blunt, and J. J. Arnish. Radiological dose assessment of NORM disposal in Class II injection wells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/650208.

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