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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Welfare economics. Poor

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Academic literature on the topic 'Welfare economics. Poor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Welfare economics. Poor"

1

Agarwal, Manmohan, Bharat R. Hazari, and Li Xindun. "Corruption, foreign aid and welfare to the poor." Journal of Economic Policy Reform 13, no. 4 (December 2010): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2010.523956.

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Manh Quach, Hao. "Does access to finance improve household welfare?" Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 2 (June 3, 2016): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(2).2016.08.

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In this paper, the author develops an econometric framework to analyze the effect of access to credit on the economic welfare of households in Vietnam. The findings confirm that household credit contributes positively and significantly to the economic welfare of households in terms of per capita expenditure, per capita food expenditure and per capita non-food expenditure. The positive effect of credit on household economic welfare is observed regardless of whether they are poor or better-off households. The author also finds that credit has a greater positive effect on the economic welfare of poorer households and finds that the age of the household head, the household size, land ownership, and savings and the availability of credit at village level are key factors that affect household borrowing. Some policy implications are drawn

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Noël, Alain. "Is social investment inimical to the poor?" Socio-Economic Review 18, no. 3 (October 11, 2018): 857–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwy038.

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Abstract In the last two decades, the social investment strategy has been the main approach to welfare state reform. Concretely, two spending programs have dominated the agenda: the expansion of active labor market programs and the development of childcare services. Many authors have suspected, however, that these social investments were realized at the expense of income protection for the poor. This article assesses this potential trade-off with time-series cross-sectional models of the determinants of active labor market policies expenditures, childcare spending and the adequacy of minimum income protection (MIP), for 18 OECD countries between 1990 and 2009. It turns out that social investments are rather akin to traditional welfare state programs, and are explained by similar institutional, political and economic factors. More importantly, they do not develop at the expense of income protection. Social investment initiatives are consistent with the usual politics of the welfare state and, overall, they are not inimical to the poor.

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Sugden, Robert, Robert E. Goodin, and Julian Le Grand. "Not Only the Poor: The Middle Classes and the Welfare State." Economic Journal 98, no. 391 (June 1988): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2233390.

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Hammond, Claire Holton, and David Raphael Riemer. "The Prisoners of Welfare: Liberating America's Poor from Unemployment and Low Wages." Southern Economic Journal 56, no. 2 (October 1989): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1059244.

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DOBADO-GONZÁLEZ, RAFAEL. "PRE-INDEPENDENCE SPANISH AMERICANS: POOR, SHORT AND UNEQUAL… OR THE OPPOSITE?" Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 33, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 15–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610914000135.

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ABSTRACTThis paper attempts to establish a debate between alternative views of living standards in Spanish America during the viceregal period. Since 2009, a growing literature has shared a «common language» based on a similar, though not identical, methodology. As never before, this «new generation» of studies is built upon long series of quantitative data and international comparisons of nominal wages and prices which, in some cases, cover the whole Early Modern Era. Part of this literature also complements the examination of economic welfare using height as an indicator of biological welfare. Inequality is also quantitatively approached in one of the works discussed. In spite of significant similarities, some methodological differences lead to contrasting results. For the sake of simplicity, the relevant literature is divided into two views: «pessimism» and «optimism». It is my contention that the latter is more consistent with the available evidence.

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Ramírez Hassan, Andrés, and Santiago Montoya Blandón. "Welfare gains of the poor: An endogenous Bayesian approach with spatial random effects." Econometric Reviews 38, no. 3 (January 6, 2017): 301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07474938.2016.1261062.

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Tisnanta, Hs, James Reinaldo, and Fathoni Fathoni. "The Dilemma of Indonesia Welfare State Challenge of Realizing Social Welfare in the Global Era." FIAT JUSTISIA:Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2018): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v11no3.936.

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Globalization has placed Indonesia in a dilemma in creating the welfare of the people. Many legislations with liberal character are disallowed through the constitutional review by the constitutional court. The liberal character then becomes constraints for government to realize social welfare, thus harming the economic interest of people and contrary to the constitution (UUD 1945). Efforts to create welfare cannot be separated from state sovereignty in determining the economics welfare policy in the form of law. The State needs to adopt policies of recalibrating sovereignty to realize its objectives. Sovereignty is the essential requirement to be able to build pengayoman law character, ideology by Pancasila ideology and UUDNRI 1945. The legal substance of pengayoman law (protection and succor) will realize a balance between global interests and the interests of the nation. Pengayoman Law integrates the efficiency and freedom with fairness and welfare excellence. Also, the Pengayoman Law always opens the space to give a guarantee/partiality to the poor through social policies that are based on human dignity. Keywords: Welfare, Challenges, Globalization, Dilemma

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Ravallion, Martin. "On Measuring Global Poverty." Annual Review of Economics 12, no. 1 (August 2, 2020): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-081919-022924.

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This article critically assesses prevailing measures of global poverty. A welfarist interpretation of global poverty lines is augmented by the idea of normative functionings, the cost of which varies across countries. In this light, current absolute measures are seen to ignore important social effects on welfare, while popular, strongly relative measures ignore absolute levels of living. It is argued that a new hybrid measure is called for, combining absolute and weakly relative measures consistent with how national lines vary across countries. Illustrative calculations indicate that we are seeing a falling incidence of poverty globally over the past 30 years. This is mainly due to lower absolute poverty counts in the developing world. While fewer people are poor by the global absolute standard, more are poor by the country-specific relative standard. The vast bulk of poverty, both absolute and relative, is now found in the developing world.

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Kim, Marlene, and Thanos Mergoupis. "The Working Poor and Welfare Recipiency: Participation, Evidence, and Policy Directions." Journal of Economic Issues 31, no. 3 (September 1997): 707–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.1997.11505961.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Welfare economics. Poor"

1

Hauser, Harald. "Rethinking the welfare state : towards an alternative to the American welfare state /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08142009-040446/.

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Farrin, Kathleen Maura. "Escape from Poverty Traps: Three Essays on the Effects of Policy Intervention on Agricultural Productivity and Welfare among the Rural Poor." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373928184.

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Roy, Indrajit. "Capable subjects : power and politics in Eastern India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0e1bb214-020e-4f9e-864f-9037c104660d.

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The principal aim of this thesis is to elaborate a politicized reading of Amartya Sen's Capability Approach. It explores how capabilities are augmented through the forging of contentious political subjectivities. In it, I build on the criticism that Sen's framework can be more sensitive to questions of power and politics. Against some of his critics, however, I argue that its 'politicization' must focus analytical attention on politics as the struggle to produce subjects rather than limiting its understanding to negotiations over authority, resources and allocations. I draw on quantitative and qualitative analysis of ethnographic data from rural eastern India to substantiate my argument. The first two chapters outline the contours of the debates and introduce the social, economic and political life of the study localities. Each of the four subsequent chapters elucidates the manner in which the contentious processes through which political subjectivity are forged augments capabilities. In Chapter 3 I advance the case that any discussion on capabilities needs to analyze how subjects interrogate the relations of domination and subordination which they have hitherto been compelled to inhabit. Based on an analysis of the contentions spawned by the Indian Government's National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, I point to how the notion of cooperative conflict is helpful in understanding these processes. In Chapter 4, I draw attention to the analytic importance that needs to be accorded to 'voice' in order to understand how subjects contest and reconstitute these relationships: I base my analysis on the claims made on elected representatives by different groups of people in respect to 'poverty cards'. This emphasis leads in Chapter 5 to an investigation of the ways in which agonistic exchanges in public spaces augments capabilities: this I do through an examination of two specific disputes involving a variety of local actors. I develop these insights further in Chapter 6 to show how our understanding of the processes through which capabilities may be enhanced gains analytically from an analysis of the manner in which subjects construct their identities. Chapter 7 concludes.

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Purba, Rasita Ekawati. "Rural women, poverty and social welfare programs in Indonesia /." Connect to this title, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0056.

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Williams, Samantha. "Poor relief, welfare and medical provision in Bedfordshire : the social, economic and demographic context, c.1770-1834." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272409.

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Kargbo, Philip Michael. "Donor intervention, economic growth and poverty reduction : the case of Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/donor-intervention-economic-growth-and-poverty-reduction-the-case-of-sierra-leone(8d9378d4-6359-4e20-bb45-6ded98862acb).html.

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In capital-scarce low income economies, the lack of attractiveness to private foreign investment implies that the only readily available source of external financing for economic development has to come from foreign aid which normally comes with an altruistic motive. However, despite long history of aid-giving to low income countries and especially Sub-Saharan Africa, evidence of effectiveness of such assistance has remained debatable, particularly with the dominance of cross-country studies in such enquiry. With yet no existing country study for Sierra Leone, a typical aid dependent country, this research investigates the relationship between donor intervention (in their aid disbursement) and the development outcomes of economic growth and poverty reduction in the country. In conducting such an enquiry, the study proposed three objectives. The first examines the relationship between aid and economic growth. The second objective investigates the relationship between aid and poverty reduction considering two variants of poverty reduction: improvement of pro-poor growth and aggregate human welfare. The final objective assesses the effect of domestic politics on aid’s effectiveness in improving human welfare. Arising from a pluralistic analytical framework involving a triangulation of econometric estimation approaches complemented with qualitative enquiry, the study finds that aid to Sierra Leone is significant in promoting economic growth in the country. In terms of the impact on poverty, the results show that foreign aid to Sierra Leone has significantly improved long-run pro-poor growth in the country, but this impact could not be confirmed in the short-run. With respect to the other strand of poverty, the study finds that though aid may have not improved human well-being in Africa, it is found to significantly improve human development in Sierra Leone, though the evidence could not support its reduction of infant mortality rate as a second indicator of human well-being. Finally, for the investigation of the link between aid, politics and human development in Sierra Leone, the study finds that though aid is significant in directly improving human development in the country, yet pro-democratic politics (as against autocratic regimes) can also be good a policy option for aid‘s impact on human development in the country. Accounting for disaggregation bias of foreign aid, the study finds that whilst grants seem to consistently improve economic growth, pro-poor growth and human welfare, the study could not find strong evidence to suggest that technical assistance and loans likewise improve economic development the country. The impact of food aid on pro-poor growth is found to be moderate in conformity with the study’s hypothesis. Concluding from the analysis, it is evident in the case of Sierra Leone that the supplemental theories largely hold that foreign aid is vital in the promotion of a country’s economic development. Hence, the intervention of donors in the economy of Sierra Leone has not seemed to be in vain, but has rather proved to be largely useful. It implies that Sierra Leone’s persistent poverty characterisation amidst notable donor presence and participation in the country’s economy has little to do with the fact that foreign aid has not been effective in promoting the country’s economic development, but it may however be that the magnitude of the effect may not have been that high to completely eradicate poverty. The study’s identification of the most effective types of aid as well the realisation of political stability and democracy for enhanced effectiveness of aid in the country could be crucial if the economic significance of foreign aid is to be improved in Sierra Leone.

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Purba, Rasita Ekawati. "Rural women, poverty and social welfare programs in Indonesia." University of Western Australia. School of Social and Cultural Studies, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0056.

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[Truncated abstract] As a developing country, Indonesia has been struggling with complex and contentious development issues since Independence in 1945. Despite remarkable economic achievement during the New Order period (1966-1998), poverty has persisted and the benefits of development have been unequally distributed. Social welfare — the system of social security to protect the well-being of the weaker members of society has received little attention in Indonesia, both from the state and from the scholarly community. The historical neglect of social welfare in Indonesia has begun to be addressed recently, with the Social Safety Net (SSN) initiative. SSN is a social welfare program that was launched by the government of Indonesia to mitigate the deleterious impacts of the economic crisis that hit the nation in 1997. This thesis aims to assess how the SSN accommodated the needs and aspirations of poor women, particularly those who live in rural areas. The rural poor deserve attention because poverty in rural areas is widespread and often intractable, and because poverty in rural areas tends to be more invisible than in urban areas. The urban poor are more visible, because they are “in the face” of the powerful every day, and they are more likely to be able to access agencies of power than the rural poor.

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Hayes, Rosa B. "Working, but Poor: A Study of Georgia's Economic Self-Sufficiency Policies." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07282006-150923/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.
Title from title screen. William L. Waugh, Jr., committee chair; Peter Lindsay, Allison Calhoun Brown, committee members. Electronic text (134 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 25, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-134).

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Mabuda, Gcotyiswa. "Investigating the impact of poverty in Amahlathi Municipality: the case of Siyakholwa Development Foundation project." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7846.

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The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that range from halving extreme poverty rates to halting the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing universal primary education, have been the most effective anti‐poverty push in history. The lives of thousands of people have been improved and targets have already been met on reducing poverty, increasing access to safe water, improving the lives of slum dwellers, and achieving gender parity in primary education. Despite huge gains, progress towards the eight MDGs has been uneven, not only among regions and countries, but also between population groups within countries, with accelerated action needed in many areas (MDG, 2013). On the other hand poverty alleviation, when we look at poverty alleviation, Mbaku (2007) defines it as the creation of a social, economic, and political environment that enhances and promotes entrepreneurial activities particularly among the poorest and most deprived persons while at the same time eliminating the inequalities that have diminished their life chances.

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Turchick, David. "Assorted topics in monetary economics." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/7884.

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Submitted by David Turchick (davidturchick@fgvmail.br) on 2011-03-28T21:58:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_dout_david.pdf: 1028717 bytes, checksum: ebae39f4145a0e8d55de18fe3b119f10 (MD5)
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This thesis collects four papers on monetary economics written under the supervision of Professor Rubens Penha Cysne. The first of these papers assesses the bias occuring in welfare-cost-of-inflation measures due to failing to take into consideration the substitution potential of interest-bearing monies such as bank deposits. The second one tackles the theoretical issue of comparing the generality of the money-in-the-utility-function- and the shopping-time models by studying the properties of the demand curves they generate. The third of these works revisits a classic paper by Stanley Fischer on the correlation between the growth rate of money supply and the rate of capital accumulation on the transition path. Finally, the fourth one concerns the relative standing of each one of six measures of the welfare cost of inflation (one of which is new) with respect to the other five, and an estimate of the maximum relative error one can incur by choosing to employ a particular welfare measure in place of the others.
Esta tese é uma coleção de quatro artigos em economia monetária escritos sob a supervisão do Professor Rubens Penha Cysne. O primeiro desses artigos calcula o viés presente em medidas do custo de bem-estar da inflação devido a não se levar em conta o potencial substitutivo de moedas que rendem juros, como depósitos bancários.[1] O segundo se concentra na questão teórica de se comparar os escopos dos tradicionais modelos money-in-the-utility-function e shopping-time através do estudo das propriedades das curvas de demanda que eles geram.[2] O terceiro desses trabalhos revisita um artigo clássico de Stanley Fischer sobre a correlação entre a taxa de crescimento da oferta monetária e a taxa de acumulação de capital no caminho de transição.[3] Finalmente, o quarto diz respeito à posição relativa de cada uma de seis medidas do custo de bem-estar da inflação (uma das quais é nova) em relação às outras cinco, e uma estimativa do erro relativo máximo em que o pesquisador pode incorrer devido a sua escolha de empregar uma dessas medidas qualquer vis-à-vis as outras.

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Books on the topic "Welfare economics. Poor"

1

Economics of poverty, discrimination, and public policy. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Pub., 1995.

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Paternostro, Stefano. Robustness of subjective welfare analysis in a poor developing country: Madagascar 2001. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2004.

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1965-, Maniquet François, ed. Equality of opportunity: The economics of responsibility. New Jersey: World Scientific, 2012.

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Stewart, Lansley, ed. Poor Britain. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1985.

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Yemtsov, Ruslan. Evaluating the impact of infrastructure rehabilitation projects on household welfare in rural Georgia. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2003.

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Grootaert, Christiaan. Social capital, household welfare and poverty in Indonesia. Washington, DC (1818 H St., NW, Washington 20433): World Bank, Social Development Dept., 1999.

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Meyer, Bruce D. Measuring the well-being of the poor using income and consumption. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.

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Diagne, Aliou. Access to credit and its impact on welfare in Malawi. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2001.

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Mullahy, John. Health, income, and risk aversion: Assessing some welfare costs of alcoholism and poor health. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

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1958-, Glewwe Paul, ed. The distribution of welfare in Peru in 1985-86. Washington, D.C., USA: World Bank, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Welfare economics. Poor"

1

Tullock, Gordon. "General Welfare or Welfare for the Poor Only." In Economics of Income Redistribution, 101–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5378-2_6.

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Dahlman, Carl, Esperanza Lasagabaster, and Kurt Larsen. "Inclusive Innovation: Harnessing Creativity to Enhance the Economic Opportunities and Welfare of the Poor." In Innovation in Emerging Markets, 271–90. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137480293_15.

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Devos, Isabelle, Thijs Lambrecht, and Anne Winter. "Welfare and demography in the time of Malthus. Regional and local variations in poor relief and population developments in Flanders, c. 1750-1810." In Disuguaglianza economica nelle società preindustriali: cause ed effetti / Economic inequality in pre-industrial societies: causes and effect, 327–50. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-053-5.22.

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Flanders represents a particularly interesting region for research that aims to investigate the development of socio-economic inequalities at the local and regional level. The relationship between and effects of structural socio-economic characteristics on the one hand and micro-level variations on the other hand remain unclear. The data collected by the STREAM project (streamproject.ugent.be) together with its tailored geographical information system (GIS) allow us to explore these relationships for the rural parishes of early modern Flanders. In this chapter we examine spatial patterns in poor relief and demographic behaviour and how these were interrelated.

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Seekings, Jeremy. "(Re)formulating the Social Question in Post-apartheid South Africa: Zola Skweyiya, Dignity, Development and the Welfare State." In One Hundred Years of Social Protection, 263–300. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54959-6_8.

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AbstractDemocratisation in 1994 meant that, for the first time, the South African state recognised that all South Africans had claims on and responsibilities to society. To address the racialised legacy of apartheid, the new government sought to expand opportunities for black South Africans—and hence solve the social question—through racially inclusive economic growth and development. The government initially viewed the system of social grants that it inherited as insufficiently developmental and worried about the poor becoming “dependent” on public support. When unemployment and poverty persisted, compounded by HIV/AIDS, reformers—including especially the Minister of Social Development from 1999 to 2009, Zola Skweyiya—reframed the social question in terms of dignity and responsibility and expanded the social grant system.

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Pigou, Arthur Cecil. "Bounties on Things Purchased by the Poor." In The Economics of Welfare, 737–41. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351304368-64.

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Pigou, Arthur Cecil. "Direct Transferences from the Relatively Rich to the Relatively Poor." In The Economics of Welfare, 705–9. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351304368-61.

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Pigou, Arthur Cecil. "The Effect on the National Dividend of the Expectation of Transferences to the Poor." In The Economics of Welfare, 720–36. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351304368-63.

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Pigou, Arthur Cecil. "The Effect on the National Dividend of the Fact of Transferences from the Relatively Rich to the Poor." In The Economics of Welfare, 742–57. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351304368-65.

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Chung-Kim, Esther. "Conclusion." In Economics of Faith, 215–26. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197537732.003.0009.

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Religious reformers in sixteenth-century Europe were integral to the development and implementation of poor relief programs. They effectively utilized theological justification through writings, sermons, and strategic political persuasion to gain support and funding for social welfare. The reformers’ unique positions as ecclesiastical authorities allowed them to connect care for the poor with one’s practice of devotion to God and religious ideals of generosity and compassion. The establishment of these reforms emerged in the context of an expanding migration of religious refugees, who required relief but were at first poorly received by city residents. One of the key components of determining poor relief was the importance of community formation and the demarcations in the process of determining poor relief coverage. Ultimately, religious reformers served as a major driving force in the efforts toward poverty alleviation and community motivation in the care for the poor; and their efforts impacted the development of poor relief.

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Akarsu, Gülsüm. "Determinants and Welfare Impacts of Foreign Aids." In Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics, 197–219. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7564-1.ch012.

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Foreign aids are important for the development of poor countries. Therefore, in the literature, special attention is given to the analysis of foreign aids. This chapter investigates the factors affecting flow of foreign aids to developing and less developed countries and also welfare impacts on foreign aids. For this purpose, panel data on 71 countries receiving aids from Development Assistance Committee member countries are employed for the period between 1996 and 2013. The results show statistically significant impacts of real income per capita, trade openness, migration flows as a share of total population and governance measures. Moreover, although foreign aids are found to improve the welfare of receipt countries, for donor countries, results do not indicate any evidence of welfare effects. As a conclusion, the poverty, donor's interest represented by decline in migration flows, and governance quality are found to be significant determinants of foreign aid allocation.

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Conference papers on the topic "Welfare economics. Poor"

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Maisyarah, Renny, and Mr Sofyardi. "The Effect of Rice Subsidyon The Expenditure of Public Family Consumption And Welfare of Poor Households." In 1st Economics and Business International Conference 2017 (EBIC 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ebic-17.2018.15.

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Darmajanti, Linda, Daniel Mambo Tampi, and Irene Sondang Fitrinita. "Sustainable Urban Development: Building Healthy Cities in Indonesia." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mbxo5435.

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The urban process or commonly called urbanization is a phenomenon that is occurring in several regions in Indonesia. In 2045, the projection results show 61.7% of Indonesia's population will live in urban areas. In the process, cities in Indonesia are facing several challenges related to Urban Infrastructure, decent and affordable housing, clean environment, local economic, slum, and urban poor (Social welfare). These indicators can have a positive impact on increasing the city index with healthy city categories, but also can have a negative impact with the increasing gap between the poor and the rich. The purposes of this study are to find out which cities in Indonesia fall into the category of healthy cities and to find out what factors and actors play a role in building healthy cities in Indonesia. The analytical method in this study is log frame analysis. The result is building healthy cities is closely related to the availability of aspects of life in urban areas: health services, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects. There are 3 cities in Indonesia: Palembang, Solo and Denpasar City. Building a healthy city is also an effort in improving health status, health facilities, cleanliness, garbage services, food availability, clean water, security, safety, park facilities, public transportation, art and culture facilities, housing, urban economics, religious facilities, and urban planning quality. Healthy cities in Indonesia will be achieved if efforts to improve not only physical health but also mental, social, economic and spiritual health are achieved. Finally, building a healthy city in Indonesia is an effort to contribute to sustainable urban development.

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Bahçe, Serdal, Altuğ Murat Köktas, and Deniz Abukan. "Health Care Reform and Household Welfare: Health Transformation Programme in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00718.

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We assessed the health care reform and its effects on household’s welfare such as access to health care and household economic burden. We used descriptive analysis on 2002-2011 Ministry of Health and OECD Health Statistics. The main result is about using health care. Access to health care increased after health care reform in Turkey. Number of applications to health care service server and its units rose. On the other hand, financial burden of health care on household’s budget decreased number of applications. The main result percentage of not consulting a specialist even needed to consult a specialist but did not during the past 12 months is %4.9 in 2003 and %19.9 in 2010. To improve health care access, policy makers should improve public sector provision of health care, increase social security benefit packages and protect poor and vulnerable.

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Sarı Gerşil, Gülşen, and Hülya Yeşilyurt. "Poverty in the Process of Globalization: Its Perspective in Turkey and in the World." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01130.

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A country's wealth and poverty are opposite to each other, but they are two inseparable important elements. The more the subject how to increase the welfare of the country is important, the more the distribution of this welfare among country members, especially. Although the observed increase in global prosperity with 21st century in especial that adopted neo-liberal policies in all over the world has caused to further deepening of the phenomenon of poverty. This case has given rise that concept of the "Poverty" has been discussed intensively workers in manufacturing is important. So, issues of fair distribution of income and prevention of poverty should be handled as interdisciplinary, mainly including social policy. That socio-economic and political structure of societies are different has been complicated to have a common definition on the concept of poverty. The World Bank, based on the absolute poverty approach, has made a research to determine the poverty line in the world (by getting base the ones who reap a profit below $ 1) and has determined that the poor class has remained in “minority” compared to world population. As it appears; more than half of the world population is below of the poverty line in reality. While seen daily increases in the welfare of the world countries, given the impression that poverty decreases does not reflect the reality. In this study, why poverty cannot be prevented besides causes of increase will be examined; this dangerous situation rapidly increasing in Turkey and in the world will be analyzed.

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Heikkinen, Katja, Mari Lahti, Johanna Berg, Arina Kiseleva, and Sini Eloranta. "European Integrated Care Horizon 2020: increase societal participation; reduce care demands and costs in Finnish context." In CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10208.

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This project is part of larger European level integrated care project led by HU University of Applied Sciences.Background: In Finland, the integration of social and health care services has taken centre stage in both the policy and practice arenas. The needs of many client groups, for example mental health client, older people and families of child, are many and varied.For example, poor mental health considerably impairs well-being of the population and has considerable economic consequences like absence from work, early retirement and productive losses. Efforts to move towards integrated care in social and health care have been met with increased interest and enthusiasm in recent years. This will increase the focus to improve care and population health while containing costs. However, there is a need to better understand different integrated care approaches for social and health care and guide future implementation of new integrated care models.It is now important to move towards integrated care for many client groups e.g. mental disorders. In this, professionals with different training backgrounds co-ordinate their expertise in providing care for theirshared clients. It provides a safe nexus for the exchange of knowledge and opinions, as well as a framework for reaching a consensus about appropriate health care delivery for a particular client or client cohort. The client should have an immediate access to integrated care, with a focus on rehabilitation in patient’s social roles.Aim: Support societal participation, quality of live and reduce care demand and costs in social and health care client, for example mental health client through integration of healthcare and welfare services.

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