Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Welfare facilities'

Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
Daniel U. Thomson
Cattle health and welfare are of utmost concern to producers, packers, processors, and consumers of beef. In addition, poor animal welfare can lead to decreases in economic return, in the form of production losses, product losses, or even live animal losses. Two major contributors to such losses include carcass bruising and cattle fatigue, or Fatigued Cattle Syndrome. Bruising in fed beef cattle costs the industry millions of dollars annually, and cattle fatigue leads to production losses and animal death during and after transport. Much research in cattle welfare is focused upon the more vulnerable classes of cattle in the industry, such as small calves, cull beef cows, and cull dairy cows. Limited research exists on the animal welfare concerns in fed beef cattle, likely because these animals are considered healthier and better fit for transport compared to other classes. The overall goal of this research was to assess the health and welfare of fed cattle after transport to commercial slaughter facilities by addressing two large concerns in the industry: 1) bruising in fed cattle and 2) Fatigued Cattle Syndrome and its prevalence and physiologic characteristics. The first objective of this research focused upon bruising, and was to determine whether a relationship exists between trauma incurred during unloading and prevalence of carcass bruising in finished beef cattle at commercial slaughter facilities. In addition, other risk factors which may contribute to carcass bruising in finished beef cattle are addressed. The second and third objectives focused upon Fatigued Cattle Syndrome in the fed cattle population. The second objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of abnormal mobility scores and the clinical signs associated with to abnormal mobility in finished cattle in six commercial slaughter facilities across the United States. The third objective was to determine if mobility score and clinical signs reflect concurrent changes in physiologic parameters such as blood concentrations of specific biochemical markers and biomechanical integrity of hooves. This information is both valuable and novel in the fed beef cattle industry. Along with the implementation of practices that will promote better health and welfare of fed cattle presented to slaughter facilities, gathering such information will help improve animal welfare, increase economic returns, and strengthen consumer confidence in the industry.

Master of Science
Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering
Ronaldo G. Maghirang
There are several stressful events throughout an animal’s lifetime, but transportation is considered one of the most detrimental events to animal welfare by many professionals, regardless of species. Transportation consists of several different interacting and compounding factors that can affect animal welfare and meat product quality. The purpose of this report is to review current industry practices of land transport of different livestock types to slaughter facilities, primarily within the United States and Canada. This review evaluated species-specific transport practices and subsequent effects on animal welfare and carcass quality for both animal welfare and economic outlooks. Regulations are placed on the driver and time limits that the animals are allowed to be in transit. Trailer style use partially depends on the age and species of animal that is being hauled. Cattle are more likely to be hauled in pot belly trailers, while pigs are often transported in either pot belly or straight deck trailers. Poultry trailer type directly depends on the age of the birds being transported. Enclosed trailers are more often used in the European Union but are slowly making an impression on United States and Canadian markets. Cattle are transported several times in their lives with each trip varying in duration, loading density, and other environment altering factors. Each time the animals are transported there is the risk of low air flow, heat, or cold stress that can reduce animal welfare. Loading density has been broken down to equations, duration is limited by hours in trailer and location, and changes in physiology and behavior further exacerbate cattle transport stress. Pigs are transported fewer times than cattle, but thousands of pigs die during this process each year. Market weight pig mortality predictability increases with increasing temperature-humidity index and also increasing loading densities, with a specific equation to quantify this correlation. Shrink is another factor that can be linearly derived as transport time increases in swine. Fatigued Pig Syndrome is welfare issues that can impact the meat product resulting in pale, soft, and exudative pork. Poultry are usually only shipped once or twice and require special trailers and equipment. Shipping crates or modular drawers are used for grown birds where the birds are loaded into these containers, and then placed on a poultry trailer. Poultry have a very narrow comfort window of 21°C to 24°C, making transport difficult and detrimental to their welfare. Loading density is based on type and size of shipping container; however, regardless of loading density, the likelihood of bird death increases drastically as duration increases.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A community-based growth monitoring (GM) project was established in a rural village in KwaZulu-Natal. The project is an example of community-based activities that were based on a participatory approach of problem assessment and analysis. The first phase of the study comprised of a situation assessment. The aim was to evaluate the nutritional status and related factors of children aged 5 years and younger. It included a cross-sectional survey (questionnaire and anthropometric measurements), focus group discussions and interviews with key informants. From a nutritional point of view, the situation assessment identified a need for regular GM of infants and small children, increased availability of foods rich in micronutrients, and nutrition education. Relevant findings of the situation assessment were used during a project planning workshop that was attended by community representatives. The community's concern about the health of the preschool children and the lack of health facilities, and the need for regular weighing of their children prompted the establishment of a community-based GM project. The GM project was run by nutrition monitors, through home-based centres (named Isizinda). Monthly activities at the Isizinda included GM, nutrition education, and recording of morbidity and mortality data. Children who were either in need of medical attention or showed growth faltering were referred to the nearest clinic. During the latter half of the study, the GM project was integrated with a household food production project and the Isizinda served as promotion and training centres for agricultural activities. Project activities were continuously monitored by reviewing the attendance register, scrutinising the Isizinda files, observation and staff meetings. Community meetings (at least twice a year) allowed for two-way feedback and addressing questions and concerns. Acceptability of the GM activities was measured in terms of attendance and maternal perceptions. The coverage of the Isizinda project was estimated at approximately 90% and at least 60% of these children were adequately covered. The Isizinda data showed an equal distribution of child contacts over the various age categories and was representative of the community. The attendance data suggest that community-based GM is a viable option to be used for screening and nutrition surveillance, and as platform for nutrition education. Most mothers comprehended the growth curve. Positive behavioural changes have been observed in the community and the Isizinda data showed a steady decline in the prevalence of diarrhoea. The Ndunakazi mothers were appreciative towards the Isizinda project because of a better understanding of the benefits of regular GM. They expressed a sense of empowerment regarding the knowledge that they have gained. The community had a strong desire for the project to continue. The Isizinda project showed that community-based GM can provide the infrastructure for developing capacity for agricultural activities within the community. Data from the household food production project showed that maternal knowledge regarding nutritional issues can be improved through nutrition education given at the GM sessions and that, when GM is integrated with agricultural activities, a significant improvement in child malnutrition can be obtained. The Isizinda project falls within the framework of the Integrated Nutrition Programme, and can bridge the gap in areas which lack health facilities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ’n Gemeenskaps-gebaseerde groeimoniteringsprojek is tot stand gebring in ’n landelike gebied in KwaZulu-Natal. Die projek is 'n voorbeeld van gemeenskapsgebaseerde aktiwiteite wat gebaseer was op 'n deelnemende benadering van probleem bepaling en analise. Die eerste fase van die studie was a situasie analise. Die doel was om die voedingstatus en verwante faktore van kinders 5 jaar en jonger te bepaal. Dit het 'n dwarssnit opname (vraelys en antropometriese metinge), fokus groep besprekings en onderhoude met kern persone ingesluit. Uit 'n voedingsoogpunt het die situasie analise 'n behoefte vir gereelde groeimonitoring van babas en klein kinders, verhoogde beskikbaarheid van voedsels ryk in mikronutriente and voedingsvoorligting aangedui. Toepaslike bevindinge van die situasie analise was gebruik tydens ’n beplannings werkswinkel wat deur verteenwoordigers van die gemeenskap bygewoon is. Die gemeenskap se besorgdheid oor die gesondheid van voorskoolse kinders en die gebrek aan gesondheidsfasilitieite, asook hul behoefte om hul kinders gereeld te laat weeg, het aanleiding gegee tot die totstandkoming van ’n gemeenskaps-gebaseerde groeimoniteringsprojek. Die program is gedryf deur monitors deur tuisgebaseerde sentrums (genoem Isizinda). Maandelikse aktiwiteite by die Isizinda het groeimonitering, voedingvoorligting en die insameling van morbiditeit en mortaliteit inligting ingesluit. Kinders wie mediese sorg benodig het of wie groeivertraging getoon het, is na die naaste kliniek verwys. Die groeimoniteringsprojek is tydens die laaste helfte van die studie met ’n huishoudelike voedselproduksieprojek geintegreer en die Isizinda het as promosie- en opleidingsentrum vir die landbou aktiwitiete gedien. Projek aktiwiteite is deurgaans gemonitor deur die bywoningsregister en Isizinda leêrs deur te gaan, waarnemings en personeel vergaderings. Vergaderings met die gemeenskap (ten minste twee per jaar) het voorsiening gemaak vir wedersydse terugvoering en die aanspreek van vrae en besorgdhede. Die aanvaarbaarheid van die groeimoniterings aktiwiteite is gemeet in terme van bywoning en persepsies. Die Isizinda projek het ongeveer 90% van die kinders gedek, van wie ten minste 60% voldoende gemoniteer is. Die Isizinda data het ’n eweredige verspreiding van besoeke oor die verskillende oudersdomgroepe aangetoon. Die Isizinda data was ook verteenwoordigend van die gemeenskap. Die bywoningssyfers dui aan dat gemeenskapsgebaseerde groeimonitoring 'n lewensvatbare opsie is vir sifting en voeding opnames, en as 'n platform vir voedingvoorligting. Meeste moeders kon die groeikaart interpreteer. Positiewe gedragsveranderinge is in die gemeenskap waargeneem en die Isizinda data het ’n geleidelike afname in die voorkoms van diarree getoon. Die Ndunakazi moeders was waarderend teenoor die Isizinda projek as gevolg van 'n beter begrip ten opsigte van die voordele van gereelde groeimonitering. Hulle het 'n gevoel van bemagteging uitgespreek ten opsigte van hul verbeterde kennis. Hulle was mening dat die projek moes voortgaan. Die Isizinda projek het aangetoon dat gemeenskapsgebaseerde groeimonitoring die infrstruktuur kan skep vir die ontwikkeling vir kapasiteit vir landbou aktiwiteite binne die gemeenskap. Inligting van die huishoudelike voedselproduksieprojek het aangetoon dat die moeders se kennis ten opsigte van voedings verwante aspekte verbeter kan word deur voedingvoorligting wat gegee word tydens die groeimonitering sessie en dat, as groeimonitoring geintegreer is met landbou aktwiteite, 'n verbetering in die voedingstatus van die kind verkry kan word. Die Isizinda projek val binne die raamwerk van die Geintegreerde Voedingsprogram en kan die gaping dek in areas waar geen gesondheidsfasilteite is nie.

In the late 1990s, several areas in Northwest of England were identified as suffering from social and economic deprivations with low housing demand, abandoned neighbourhoods, where local people and services have moved out. To address these problems, the HMR initiative was introduced by the Department of Communities and Local Government in 2003. Nine Pathfinders supported by the HMR Funds were established aimed at rebuilding communities through creating places where people want to live and work for the present and for future generations. This puts local communities at a centre of the programme and they should act themselves as agents for HMR. The Government has recognised that community engagement is vital to the success of the HMR process. What little written guidance is available from the Government for community engagement in the HMR process is inaccessible or unused in HMR. However, the local protests on the way that the HMR is being delivered suggest that local communities are not fully engaged, and highlights that the Pathfinders need the necessary skills for improving the engagement with local communities in the HMR process. The Egan report (which is further supported by the professionals in built environment) has recognised the need for considering new skills and ways of working in delivering sustainable communities. However, the report does not specifically address how these skills need to be allocated among different stakeholders. It also fails to describe the skills necessary to improve engagement with the communities. This study aims to critically appraise Government policies for community engagement practice in the HMR process, and investigate the skills needed for attaining the full level of community engagement in the HMR process. It explores the roles of key stakeholders and their levels of involvement in the community engagement process; barriers for attaining the full' level of community engagement; and the stakeholders' expectations from the engagement process that leads to the skills needs for improving the engagement of communities. The study applies qualitative research within a nested research methodology with two phases of case study design (an exploratory study at Elevate East Lancashire Pathfinder, Blackburn Borough Council and Bank Top; and a detailed case study in Bank Top, Blackburn). Rigorous data collection and analysis using Nvivo is employed. Research findings from the exploratory study confirm that local communities were poorly engaged in the HMR process. This stimulated a definition of the research questions. A framework for identifying the skills needed for attaining the full level of community engagement was further developed and applied for a new play area in Bank Top. Findings from the case study identify the skills needed for attaining the full level of community engagement in the HMR process aimed at consulting young people and show some engagement, but this did not really empower the community. This study generates new knowledge about the skills needs for attaining the full level of community engagement in the HMR process. This study also offers a methodological contribution that could be applied to a similar study for different community groups and different Pathfinder areas.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Na sequência da actual situação do sector suinícola em Portugal, em que o mercado nacional se vê fortemente ultrapassado pela concorrência dentro da União Europeia e as importações constituem cerca de 40 % do consumo interno, este trabalho vem propor uma exploração que possa ser competitiva no mercado nacional e economicamente viável. Trata-se de uma exploração industrial de produção em ciclo fechado que se dedica à produção de leitões para recria e acabamento na própria exploração, utilizando um sistema de produção intensivo. A base genética do sistema produtivo será constituída por um efectivo de 1000 reprodutoras F1 (Large White x Landrace) e varrascos híbridos VH2 (Duroc x Pietrain). O esquema produtivo encontra-se dividido nas diferentes fases: Cobrição, Gestação, Maternidade, Pós-desmame, Pré-engorda e Engorda, praticando sempre o sistema all in / all out. Para o tratamento dos resíduos produzidos foi instalado um sistema de tratamento com produção de biogás, que torna a exploração auto-suficiente em energia eléctrica e permite ainda a venda de energia a uma empresa de distribuição. Após a análise dos resultados de tesouraria de um ano de funcionamento, concluiu-se que esta exploração pode ser economicamente viável. Concluiuse também que há mudanças necessárias ao nível do sector para que este possa marcar uma posição de sucesso no mercado europeu.
ABSTRACT Following the current situation of the swine sector in Portugal, where the national market is being largely overtaken by the competition within the European Union and where imports represent about 40% of the domestic consumption, the aim of this project is to present a farm which would be competitive and profitable in the national market. The farm works in a closed loop production in order to produce piglets for fattening and finishing in its own facilities, using an intensive production system. The genetic base counts on 1000 breeding sows, where the final product is a hybrid, resulting from crossing F1 females (Large White x Landrace) with males VH2 (Duroc x Pietrain). The production plan is divided in different stages: Mating, Pregnancy, Lactation, Post-weaning, Pre-fattening and Fattening and the all in / all out system was implemented. In order to handle the manure, a system producing biogas was installed which makes the farm self-sufficient in energy and even make some profit selling a surplus. The economic analysis of one standard year demonstrates that this farm can be profitable. It was also acknowledged that, some changes need to take place on this sector in order to assure a competitive position in the European market.

碩士
長榮大學
土地管理與開發研究所
94
Fires occur quite often in social welfare facilities for the aged. The characteristics of fires and the elderly persons will lead to the difficulty of relief. Therefore, how to deal with fire safety management for social welfare facilities of the aged becomes an important issue. Some vital factors for instance disposition of equipments or detach of staffs usually become deadly or lifesaving in social welfare facilities. What the purpose of this study is to establish assessing mechanism for fire safety management in social welfare facilities of the elderly people. In order to suggest an initial assessing system, literature review was done; besides, through the expert’s questionnaire, the complete assessing structure will be submitted. On the other hand, according to the airing the list of social welfare facilities for the aged of Department of Social Affairs, Ministry of Interior, 32 ones are selected to do the questionnaire. The scores from the questionnaire are classified to three groups. In order to assess level of fire safety, the Index of Fire Safety (FSI) for social welfare facility of the aged is established. According to the FSI, four fire safety levels are set which are Low fire danger, Low-Middle fire danger, Middle-High fire danger and High fire danger and three limit value are found which are FSIL＝1.098, FSIM＝1.581 and FSIH＝1.87. Through the FSI, the fire safety assessment mechanism is supported to the government for judging if subsidy ones whose scores located on Low fire danger and Low-Middle fire danger. Depending on the results of assessment, the revise items are submitted for each fire safety level. The government can subsidy the facilities via judging the fire safety level.

碩士
中央警察大學
防災研究所
107
In recent years, domestic elderly welfare facilities have been flooded and caused casualties. Facility decision makers neglected the criticality of the risk of flood disasters and the subsequent impact, which resulted in the evacuation inconvenience for the elderly, the lack of rescue manpower in the event of floods and evacuation was not carried out in time when the disaster scenario was expanded. However, whether the current situation of institution of flood mitigation and preparation is in line with the needs of the organization in response to disasters remains to be examined. This study, through literature review and field investigation, understands the issues of flood mitigation and preparedness in domestic elderly welfare facilities, and summarizes the impact factors of flood prevention in the facilities. Through the questionnaire survey, we examine the situation of flood disaster prevention in domestic welfare facilities, explore the impact of disaster risk and perception, facilities characteristics as well as governance performance on flood disaster reduction of facilities, and provide research results to guide the future planning of elderly welfare facilities policy reference. This study finds that institutional disaster reduction (anti-flood facilities) mostly rely on reserve sandbags; self-assessment of their disaster prevention plans is relatively complete, and planning for evacuation from different places is insufficient; most of them use existing self-defense firefighting groups to replace flood mission grouping, flood drills, education as well as training is less; storage and maintenance of materials and equipment are in general preparation of disaster risk and perception, facilities characteristics and governance. Partial factors have significant impacts on institutional flood disaster reduction. Among them, empowerment participation attitude has a wide-ranging impact on facility of flood mitigation and preparation, disaster risk and external communication links are also important impact factors. It is suggested that government agencies should invite agencies to conduct disaster risk communication, conduct disaster prevention education and training, and use disaster prevention and training mechanisms such as workshops, field surveys, and inter-agency observations. The counseling agencies identify disaster risks and inadequate disaster reduction and provide appropriate disaster prevention for the institution to enhance its disaster prevention knowledge and resilience while promoting inter-agency linkages.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
建築系建築與都市設計碩士班
107
In recent years, Taiwan has been facing problems of aging society, construction change of family and society as well as the substantial increasing of the elderly population. Based on the data retrieved from the Department of Statistics, Ministry of the Interior, the number of elderly people reached about 3.31 millions, accounting for 14.1% of the total population in Taiwan, leading to much more burden about caring the aged population. For the sake of properly caring the elderly, the government has been driving some projects about long-term care and actively proclaims the welfare of the person who is nursed. In 2015, 22 day care centers were selected to expand their small-scale multi-functional services, and till 2018 increasing to 45 day care centers, providing community services such as day care, home care and temporary accommodation. In response to the urgent request of aging in place, the government also planned to increase the number of sites of community-based welfare facilities; hoping that it could reach the goal of 500 sites of welfare facilities around the country in 2025 which includes the day care centers, group home and small-scale multi-functional welfare facilities. Although the government has been practicing above-mentioned policy, yet facing heavy demand of long-term care now and in the future, it still exists lots of potential problems. For the sake of dealing with these long-care related problems, this study refers to the concept and the current situation of small-scale multi-functional welfare facilities in Japan. Since Japan emphasizes the welfare and care of the aged population all the times, its community-integrated care system is well equipped with paradigm and institution. Especially, the operation of its small-scale multi-functional welfare facilities is excellent; making the person who is nursed receives good service and care within their life circle. If Taiwan can properly emulate Japan’s experience as well as duly consider the differences between Japan and Taiwan so as to correspondingly adjust its policy, it should be able to do much better in the practice of aged person caretaking in the future. The investigation area of this study covers Taipei and Hsinchu. Through questionnaire survey, 20 family members were interviewed. Besides, six day care centers which attached small-scale multi-functional utilities and one small-scale multi-functional facility were practically surveyed. Among these sites, this research further filtered two units to do behavior observation to 5 elderly users. Moreover, in-depth interview was practiced to 10 experts and 3 family members. After generally understanding the recognition and opinions about small-scale multi-functional welfare facilities from various interviewees, the study results were presented at last which can be used for the reference of the needed small-scale multi-functional welfare facilities in response to the forthcoming of the super-aged society. The primary results of this study are as follows: 1. The problems of existing small-scale multi-functional welfare facilities are: (1) There exist flow problems while utilizing the existing space of the day care center to operate overnight accommodation service, e.g. the distance to the bathroom. (2) When utilizing existing day care centers to offer overnight accommodation service, it will cause unstable feeling to users because of the large scale space. (3) Users who apply for overnight accommodation service were limited to those users of the original day care center. (4) The scale is large and the mobility is insufficient. (5) There are no flexible service standards. 2. Interviewees suggested that the most important spaces for the elderly users in facilities are as follows in sequence: outdoor courtyard space (22.4%), bathroom space (17.2%), indoor event space and dining room and kitchen space (15.5%). The necessary conditions of welfare facilities are as follows in sequence: high security (21.5%), easy to arrive (20.3%) and flexible usage (16.7%). 3. Interviewees’ degree of consent to the seven indices of small-scale multi-functional welfare facilities are as follows in sequence: health (M=4.4), security (M=4.375), environmental autonomy (M=4.3), convenience (M=4.26), comfort (M=4.13), communication (M=3.91) and stimulation (M=3.87). 4. From the results of behavior observation, the group A (54.5%) is lower than the group B (75.8%) in active communication behavior while the group A (45.4%) is higher than the group B (24.3%) in passive communication behavior. For the purpose of fostering active communication behavior, it is necessary to strengthen multilevel and continual utilization of the space of welfare facilities as well as its process of spatial organization. It is suggested that in addition to adopting the small-scale concept and adapting to local conditions, in the future the community-based welfare facilities should mold site diversity and friendly living environment.

Dissertação de Mestrado
This experience was conducted to test and analyse the pig behaviour and welfare in their competition for the facilities (feeders, drinkers and rooting machines), analysing as much as possible the drinking, feeding and rooting behaviours in two different pen sizes (single/double) and animal densities. Video observations during 3 months (January, February and March of 2007) were made in twelve pens with different number of animals to study behaviour measures in the different densities of 1.2, 1.8 and 2.4 m2 per animal. The observations follow the fattening period until the days before the slaughter. The results reached help to conclude that agonistic, interactive, inactive and sexual behaviours between pigs are generally higher in single pens, in the feeders and in the 1.2 density group. The drinkers were the facility where less behaviour was detected. The feeders are the facility where pigs are generally more aggressive and the total number of aggressive interactions in the feeders is also affected by group size and number of hoppers. The rooting machine beside some significant agonistic behaviour observed, promotes the socialization between pigs, and consequently is a good device to decrease or avoid behaviours of frustration and stress. The results reached in this trial are similar to other studies made before with growing pigs.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Master of Science Degree in Occupational Therapy. Johannesburg, 2014
The number of children needing care outside of the home environment is increasing. Little is known on quality of residential child carechild care environments in South Africa. To address this knowledge gap, a quantitative descriptive research protocol with a cross-sectional study design was employed to survey residential child care facilities in Johannesburg. The Infant-Toddler Environmental Rating Scale – revised edition was used to describe the social and physical environments provided to children (0-30 months) residing in 18 facilities. Furthermore, caregiver (n=45) and facility demographic information were gathered to determine whether an association existed between three aspects of the environments (caregiver education, training, and child to caregiver ratios) and overall quality scores. Results showed that the environments provided were inadequate and no statistical significant correlations were found between structural aspects and quality scores. The results indicated that the environment restricted children in the fulfilment of meaningful occupation, highlighting the importance of intervention by occupational therapists.

碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
應用日語研究所
101
ABSTRACT 　　This study is major in the contents and status between the Taiwan and Japan two countries''s welfare system for the elderly，To find out the lacks of current measures and problems to be comprehensive study，Focus on the comparative of the completeness of Taiwan and Japanese nursing home facilities，Then study the advantages and disadvantages。In order to provide the current problems of the Taiwan elderly countermeasures for reference solution。 Japan is the world''s top-ranked country of ageing，The ratio of elderly population in 2011 is 23.3％，Estimated in 2050 the ratio will rise up to 35.56%，Since as early as 1963, Japan announced the implementation of elderly welfare law, it has been nearly 50 years，Whether aging population or elderly welfare policies are described as a pioneer in Asia。 Since Taiwan and Japanese culture and customs are similar, Japan''s elderly welfare policies for many years, and the status of implementation experience is worthy of study，The analization of those advantages and disadvantages as well as a reference for Taiwan。

碩士
佛光大學
公共事務學系
101
Ministry of the Interior is the central competent authority in Taiwan for the establishment and implementation of social welfare policies, and local governments are in charge of the administration measures regarding the physically and mentally disabled such as economic security, caring service, life reconstruction service, education service, medical rehabilitation service, employment service and community participation service. A continuous and diversified planning facilitates the provision of supportive service in the aspects of personal caring for the disabled, family supports and social participation as to realize the protection of interests of the disabled. The “People with Disabilities Rights Protection Act” promulgated on July 11, 2007 (PDRPA) separates the administration departments into labor administration departments for occupational reconstruction service and social welfare departments for life reconstruction service. Prior to the establishment of PDRPA, “shelter workshops” were provided as a service measure by both the social welfare and labor administration departments. Later, PDPRA specifies the shelter workshops as one of the employment types for the disabled for which the employment relationship must be maintained according to the Labor Standards Act. A number of social welfare groups which provided shelter workshop service models for the disabled were closed due to the significant increase in human resource costs such as payroll, pension plan and insurance. Therefore, the Ministry of the Interior started the “pilot plan of service model of community operation facilities for the mentally disabled in daytime” from 2009 to 2010 to provide a continuous, appropriate and diversified service for the mentally disabled people who are not accepted by the shelter workshops for employment and not given with institutional services. There is no shelter workshop in Yilan County so far. Two social welfare service groups started the service model of community operation facilities for the mentally disabled in September 2011. It was found in this study on current service model of community operation facilities for the mentally disabled in Yilan County that the social welfare groups in Yilan are facing the following difficulties: differences in the identification of position, unstable sources of funding and subsidies, difficulty in operation activity development and lack of marketing ability and sales channels for products. For this, strategies and suggestions were proposed for the future of the service model of community operation facilities for the mentally disabled in Yilan County from the legislative and organizational aspects as a reference for the practice of helping the mentally disabled population.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
建築與都市設計研究所
100
Taiwan has entered into an aging society since September 1993, according to official data from the Ministry of the Interior''s statistics and strategic analysis, the elderly people will reach to 21.6% of total population in 2036, under this circumstance, the aging population has already become an important group that cannot be ignored in the future. The demand for public facilities would change along with the changes in demographic structure; however, currently urban plans implemented in Taiwan in terms of the establishment of public facilities are merely focusing on the consideration of "overall population", in spite of the slower population growth or structural changes, which cannot meet the actual requirements for the establishment of public facilities. Therefore, how to respond to the challenge of an ageing population and providing sufficient elderly welfare facilities for the aging population has become a subject of great concern in recent years. In this study, a residence community in Panchiao City was deemed to be an object of study, based on urban public facility location theory as well as the analysis of the Expert AHP questionnaires to find out the demand of daily leisure activities and public facilities following with the changes of older people’s physical and mental status. In addition, this study will review the laws and system of public facilities, and developing the principle of Indicator for establishing the elderly welfare facilities of urban communities in an aging society and hoping it will provide our government with a reference for responding to the requirements for establishing the elderly welfare facilities in the future. The primary outcome of this study are as follows: 1. Indicator weight for planning and establishing the elderly welfare facilities in urban communities: 　　Probing into the Indicator related to the establishment of elderly welfare facilities in an aging society, and reviewing all reference relating to the current conditions and requirements when elderly people are using welfare facilities, and hence, providing five indices related to the establishment of elderly welfare facilities in an aging society, comprising: “security", "accessibility", "health", "participatory" and "diversity"; furthermore, according to the analysis of the Expert AHP questionnaires along with the principle and Indicator weight and the cognition of expert consensus, it was found that "security" is deemed the most important in terms of the Indicator level, which is followed by "accessibility", "health", "participatory" and "diversity”. 2. Location suggestions for the establishment of elderly welfare facilities: 　　The establishment of elderly welfare facilities at all levels shall be implemented through urban planning, which will be able to make a better service and information communication.This research suggests to primarily adopt the establishment model of "small scale, multiple functions" and "community-based", in which, the recommended service radius of the community-based welfare facilities for the elderly should be about 500-600meters (about 10-minute walk for most people); and the neighborhood-based welfare facilities should be about 300meters (about 5-minute walk). And meanwhile the service of welfare facility will be provided from one point-to-one area and covering every needed community or family based on a principle of fixed time and fixed location through “Mobile type elderly leisure and cultural services” to strengthen its "accessibility" and hence the afore-said services will be closely integrated into the elderly leisure service websites. 3. Suggestions in the planning and establishment of the elderly welfare facilities: 　　As to the spatial layout of the facility, the "compound type" layout is recommended, which shall be integrated with " health promotion " service. Additionally, it is necessary to consider the needs of disabled elderly in the meantime and providing a simple facility to provide service for living or rehabilitation; and also considering the diversity in each region to meet the special requirements for local elderly people . 　　Elderly welfare facilities set up by the proposal to create a suitable use of the well-being of elderly facilities,and encourage the elderly to participate in community activities out of the home, but also expand the support network of older people, and then implement the goal of aging in place accordingly .

碩士
中國文化大學
建築及都市設計學系碩士在職專班
103
With an elderly society, low birth rate and low marriage rate, traditional family caring functions have been compromised. Partial disabilities due to post-acute attacks from chronic disease patients incur into even more needs for long-term caring. Institutional caring mechanisms have been normalized and legalized in recent years as a result of high concerns expressed by the authorities. With the regulations only demanding minimum levels of security standards and manpower, there are inevitably some circumstances less than ideal, even some practices that skirt around the law. With funding by the Ministry of the Interior for the induction of intelligent facilities in public buildings, a few institutes have applied for funding and have been renovated with improved caring facilities. This investigation is first based on the conditions of elderly welfare institutions and their use of intelligent facilities, acquired through relevant regulations and documents. The second part of the investigation includes actual cases of renovations, with on site observations and questionnaire summarization. The third part of the investigation incorporates common elderly welfare problems and proposes possible solutions for elderly welfare institutions. In the light of this might serve as a reference for post- inductions of intelligent facilities for elderly welfare institutions. The investigation is relayed in the following five chapters: Chapter One: constitute investigation motives, aims, scopes, contents, proposed research procedure, methods, process. Chapter Two: establish research theoretical framework. Summarize and analyze the cases, regulations and documents concerning induction of intelligent facilities in elderly welfare institutions. Chapter Three: the investigation is based on observations of elderly welfare institutions facilitated with intelligent facilities, questionnaires on the effects, obstacles, before vs. after comparison and recommendations. Chapter Four: verify the common problems concerning the induction of intelligent facilities, and propose the relevant solutions. Chapter Five: conclusion and proposal serve as a reference for post-inductions of intelligent facilities to elderly welfare institutions.