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Gilman, Deborah A. "Culturally relevant aboriginal child welfare, principles, practice, and policy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0023/NQ31984.pdf.
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Epstein, Richard A. "From Natural Law to Social Welfare: Theoretical Principles and Practical Applications." IUS ET VERITAS, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123121.
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Many common accounts of natural law understand it in opposition to modern social welfare theory. Contrary to that wisdom, this article shows how many of the fixed landmarks of the common law, including its rules on individual autonomy and the definition and acquisition of private property, comport with the natural law tradition. t he modern welfarist positions only emerge through key decisions in nineteen century law, which then help explain the choice among three welfarist positions: Kaldor-Hicks, Pareto and a more rigorous standard that requires pro rata gains among all parties. this essay uses a transaction costs framework to explain the proper deployment of these three rules.<br>Diversas versiones comunes del derecho natural lo conciben en contraposición a la teoría moderna del bienestar social. Contrariamente a dicha concepción, este artículo evidencia cuántos de los hitos del derecho común, incluyendo sus reglas sobre la autonomía individual y la definición de la adquisición de la propiedad privada, concuerdan con la tradición del derecho natural. Las posturas modernas del bienestar emergen a través de decisiones clave en el derecho del siglo diecinueve, que ayudan a explicar la elección entre tres posturas de bienestar: Kaldor y Hicks, Pareto, y un estándar más riguroso que requiere ganancias a pro rata entre todas las partes. Este ensayo utiliza un marco basado en los costos de transacciónpara explicar el despliegue estratégico de estas tres reglas.
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Waxman, Sacha. "The pre-conception welfare principle : a case against regulation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-preconception-welfare-principle-a-case-against-regulation(a7979c10-f61c-4d86-9635-35adfe81b4ed).html.
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This thesis focuses on the use of a child welfare principle in human assisted reproduction in the UK, as contained in section 13 (5) of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 (as amended). Given the principle is applied prior to conception, I argue that it should be distinguished from the familiarly known child welfare principle in child law and thus my focus is on the pre-conception welfare principle (PCWP). The aim of this thesis is to provide an argument for abolition of the PCWP from UK regulation. This thesis aims to add to the debate and complement the existing body of legal and philosophical literature which has critically analysed the function of the PCWP from various perspectives. It does so by highlighting the importance of terminology throughout the work and focusing on the broader implications of the PCWP in practice. I argue that the implications of the PCWP go far beyond its position in the legislation and in order to substantiate that central argument, I separate the function of the PCWP assessment into distinct categories of harm based regulation. Before doing so, however, I critically analyse the development of the PCWP; I consider its function as a regulatory method and I challenge whether it has a defendable ethical position in the current framework. Overall, I argue against the PCWP and the harm threshold rationale underpinning it in practice. In Part I, I first set out the background to this type of research and explain why this work is important for challenging unjustified state intervention on reproductive choice. Second, I set the scene by outlining the development of the welfare principle in child law; the legislative chronology of the PCWP and the function of Principles Based Regulation (PBR) in the current regulatory framework. This entails setting out a number of assumptions, arguments and debates surrounding the concepts of welfare and harm and how these have been framed in regulation; in addition to setting out a central theme of this thesis, which is an argument that the regulation of the PCWP does not meet requisite standards of consistent, transparent, objective, proportionate and contextually-sensitive regulation. These assumptions and vii arguments are vital for understanding the basis on which this work challenges the suitability of the PCWP in the current regulatory framework. Part II of the thesis contains the papers and delivers the arguments against the PCWP in sequence. The overall aim of Part II is to present the central argument of the thesis and answer the research questions set out in the introduction. To accomplish this, the thesis first explores how the borders of child welfare have been defined by child law and judge-made law in wrongful life cases or cases involving the withdrawal or withholding of treatment from sick children. This is followed by a chronological and comparative legislative assessment of the development of the regulation of child welfare in the context of the PCWP. This develops into the main argument of the thesis which demonstrates the application of PCWP in practice departs from benchmark standards of better regulation. The thesis moves on to provoke a fresh debate on the relationship between pre-conception child welfare and the familial and genetic harm thresholds which are mandated by the PCWP assessment. The concept of harm is explored in a philosophical sense and the arguments culminate in a contention that no single philosophy underpins the PCWP, and that there is therefore no good reason to retain a principle which is problematic in both a functional and substantive sense. The thesis concludes with an overview of the progression of the main themes in this thesis, as well as identifying some promising opportunities for future research which have arisen as a result of this work.
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Garcia, Paulo Rogerio. "Sistema de avaliação do bem-estar animal para propriedades leiteiras com sistema de pastejo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11152/tde-22082013-105144/.
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O mundo atual passa por uma revolução na produção industrial de animais, busca-se atender as exigências do mercado focando na qualidade do produto final e nos sistemas de produção. A partir da preocupação pública com a melhoria do bemestar de animais de produção e o maior controle da cadeia produtiva, protocolos internacionais com recomendações de boas práticas de produção foram desenvolvidos, a fim de simplificar e esclarecer os princípios de bem-estar animal (BEA) para o setor produtivo. No Brasil, os sistemas existentes e as pesquisas direcionadas ainda estão na fase de avaliar os gargalos tecnológicos, oriundos de sistemas de produção com diferenças em relação às escalas de produção. Nesse contexto, há a necessidade de avaliar cada sistema brasileiro de produção, suas particularidades e comparar aos sistemas europeus e americanos. O Brasil é um país de destaque na produção de proteína animal, e deve estabelecer suas próprias condições de qualidade frente à sua escala e a suas particularidades de produção. Não há como simplesmente aderir às exigências internacionais, sem atentar para a realidade nacional seja ela de produção, de nível tecnológico e de exigências/dificuldades dos produtores rurais. Baseando-se na necessidade do estabelecimento de padrões para o sistema brasileiro de produção de leite em pasto, conforme Instrução Normativa 56/2008, do Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), esse estudo propôs uma adaptação do sistema de avaliação do protocolo Welfare Quality® Assessment protocol for cattle - applied to dairy cows (2009) para avaliação do bem-estar de vacas leiteiras em sistema de pastejo. A aplicação do protocolo Welfare Quality adaptado para o sistema de pastejo possibilitou a avaliação e a classificação de forma quantitativa e qualitativa em relação ao bem-estar geral do rebanho, e consequentemente da propriedade leiteira.<br>The current world is going through a revolution in the industrial livestock production, so it is important to meet market demands by focusing on product quality and farming systems. Based on public concern regarding farm animal welfare improvement and greater control of the productive chain, international protocols with good production practices recommendations were developed in order to simplify and clarify animal welfare principles to the productive sector. In Brazil, the existing systems and targeted researches are still at the stage of assessing technologic bottlenecks, arising from production systems with differences related to production scales. In this context, there is a need to assess each Brazilian production system, their peculiarities and to compare European and American systems. Brazil is a country of prominence in animal protein production and shall establish its own quality conditions ahead of its scale and its production particularities. There is no simply meeting international requirements without considering the national reality of production, technological level and farmers\' demands/difficulties. Relying on the need to establish standards for Brazilian system of milk production in pasture, according to Normative Instruction n° 56/2008, from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), the present paper proposed an adapted evaluation system from Welfare Quality Protocol® -Assessment protocol for cattle - applied to dairy cows (2009) to assess the welfare of dairy cows raised in pasture. The implementation of the WQ adapted protocol allowed the evaluation and classification of the farms quantitative and qualitatively in relation to general animal welfare, and consequently the production facility.
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Danko, Micaela R. "Designing Affordable Housing for Adaptability: Principles, Practices, & Application." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/35.
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While environmental and economic sustainability have been driving factors in the movement towards a more resilient built environment, social sustainability is a factor that has received significantly less attention over the years. Federal support for low-income housing has fallen drastically, and the deficit of available, adequate, affordable homes continues to grow. In this thesis, I explore one way that architects can design affordable housing that is intrinsically sustainable. In the past, subsidized low-income housing has been built as if to provide a short-term solution—as if poverty and lack of affordable housing is a short-term problem. However, I argue that adaptable architecture is essential for the design of affordable housing that is environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable. Further, architects must balance affordability, durability, and adaptability to design sustainable solutions that are resistant to obsolescence. I conclude by applying principles and processes of adaptability in the design of Apto Ontario, an adaptable affordable housing development in the low-income historic downtown of Ontario, California (Greater Los Angeles). Along a new Bus Rapid Transit corridor, Apto Ontario would create a diverse, resilient, socially sustainable community in an area threatened by the rise of housing costs.
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Weikard, Hans-Peter. "The Rawlsian principles of justice reconsidered : paper prepared for the 3rd international meeting of the Society for Social Choice and Welfare, Maastricht, 22 - 25 June 1996." Universität Potsdam, 1996. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1612/.
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Of Rawls's two principles of justice only the second has received attention from
economists. The second principle is concerned with the social and economic conditions in a just society. The first principle, however, has largely been neglected. It claims, that all people in society should have equal basic liberties. In this paper Rawls's first principle is characterised in a freedom of choice framework. The analysis reveals conceptual problems of the Rawlsian approach to justice.
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Raynault, Marie-France. "Les principales pathologies des sans-abri /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60005.
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Objectif. Comparer l'experience d'hospitalisation des sans-abri avec celle d'une population residente de bas niveau socio-economique. Methode. Une recherche de dossiers a ete effectuee a l'hopital Saint-Luc a partir du recensement des 7993 sans-abri qui avaient utilise les refuges montrealais durant la periode allant du 1er mars 1988 au 22 fevrier 1989. Les donnees de la feuille sommaire des 245 hospitalisations qui avaient eu lieu durant la meme periode ont ete comparees a celles extraites du registre MedEcho pour les residents du territoire du Departement de Sante Communautaire Sant-Luc ayant ete hospitalises a l'hopital Saint-Luc. En outre, les dossiers des sans-abri ont ete revises pour verifier la presence d'anemies, de tuberculose et de seropositivite au VIH ou au virus de l'hepatite B. Conclusion. Les san-abri presentent une augmentation marquee du risque relatif en ce qui concerne les pathologies mentales qui sont aussi les pathologies les plus frequentes. On n'a pas note d'augmentation des durees de sejour lorsque les itinerants etaient hospitalises.
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Gibson, Andrew Robert. "The impact of the child welfare principle on access to assisted reproductive technology." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6716/.
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Assisted Reproductive Technology has, in the last 40 years, raised numerous ethical questions. One of these ethical questions has been whether or not children born as a result of Assisted Reproductive Technology treatments may be harmed as a consequence of being brought into existence in this way. Harm caused to children is quite rightly a serious concern for society and society expects the State to intervene to protect children from parents who pose a significant risk to their children. Towards this end section 13(5) of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 requires licensed infertility treatment clinics to ‘take into account the welfare of the child who may be born as a result of treatment’ when considering whether or not to provide a woman with treatment services. This thesis will argue that section 13(5) of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 should be amended as it is acts as nothing more than an arbitrary and unjustified infringement on an individual’s right to reproductive liberty; is an ineffectual means of promoting the welfare of the child who may be born as a result of treatment; is philosophically incoherent; and is inconsistent with the law as applied in so-called ‘wrongful life’ cases. The argument that section 13(5) of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 should be amended will be grounded upon the contention that an individual’s right to reproductive liberty should be accorded particular respect. This thesis will argue for a right to reproductive liberty which encompasses a negative right of the individual to be free from unjustified interference by the State when making reproductive choices. The pervasive influence of the child welfare principle as applied in the context of decisions directly impacting upon them has, it will be argued, played a significant part in the inclusion and retention of section 13(5) within the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. This thesis will examine the way in which the child welfare principle as applied to children has grown in influence and how an unquestioning adherence to this worthy principle has led to an incongruous version of it being applied at the pre-conception stage. While the State have a solid mandate to protect the welfare of children this thesis will argue that that mandate cannot realistically be extended to apply to future children, when to refuse an individual access to Assisted Reproductive Technology has the effect of preventing the child whose welfare is to be taken into account from being brought into existence in the first place.
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Gaižauskienė, Brigita. "Šiuolaikinė socialinė valstybė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20100224_101232-38024.
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Magistriniame darbe „Šiuolaikinė socialinė valstybė“ nagrinėjamas socialinio valstybingumo principo įtvirtinimas ir jo realizavimas pozityviųjų (socialinių) teisių užtikrinimu Lietuvoje, atsižvelgiant į šiuolaikinės socialinės valstybės doktriną. Tokiu būdu siekiama patvirtinti darbo hipotezę, jog Lietuva veikia pagal socialinio valstybingumo principą ir užtikrina socialines teises. Magistriniame darbe atskleidžiama šiuolaikinės socialinės valstybės samprata, socialinio valstybingumo principo bendrieji požymiai doktrinoje. Socialinio valstybingumo principas nagrinėjamas pagal jo įtvirtinimą Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijoje bei Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo aiškinimus. Tai leidžia pateikti socialinio valstybingumo formalaus neįtvirtinimo Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijoje, socialinės valstybės oficialiosios doktrinos neišplėtojimo problemas. Darbe nagrinėjamas socialinių teisių įtvirtinimas Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijoje ir tarptautiniuose teisės aktuose. Socialinių teisių pagal Europos socialinę chartiją (pataisytą) užtikrinimo prisiimtiems įsipareigojimams tyrime nurodomi bendrieji socialinių teisių užtikrinimo duomenys bei nagrinėjami kai kurių konkrečių socialinių teisių užtikrinimo neatitikimai įsipareigojimams. Tai leidžia iš dalies atskleisti socialinio valstybingumo principo realizavimą Lietuvoje.<br>The consolidation of the principle of the social statehood and its realization to assure positive (social) rights in Lithuania are analysed on the strength of the doctrine of the modern welfare state in the master’s work “The modern welfare state”. That is intended to confirm the working hypothesis that Lithuania operates according to the principle of social statehood and assuring social rights. The objective of this article is to reveal the conception of the modern welfare state and general features of the principle of social statehood in the doctrine. The principle of the social statehood is analysed according to its consolidation in the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania and explanations of the Constitutional Court of Lithuania. That allows to give the problems of the formal disconsolidation of the social statehood in the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, the disamplification of the official doctrine of the social state. The consolidation of the social rights in the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania and in the instruments of international law is analysed in this paper. The general data of assurance of social rights are shown in the research of social rights under the assurance of the European social chart (revised) to undertaken obligations. That allows partly to reveal the realization of the principle of the social statehood in Lithuania.
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Williams, June. "Research governance in pharmacogenetic based drug development : why the principlist approach?" Thesis, Keele University, 2016. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/2387/.
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The thesis will examine whether policy considerations based on the normative ethical framework of Principlism are adequate for drug development involving pharmacogenetics. In order to structure the analysis, the main research question will be based on the following three claims: (1) that the overriding deference to the principle of respect for autonomy in the current interpretation of Principlism has asserted a legacy of protectionism towards the research participant at the expense of ignoring pharmacogenetics’ primary ethical issues (which are concerned with equity, fair distribution and research prioritisation); (2) that the principle of justice in Principlism requires specification, and that this principle’s nonspecificity may be a reason for over-compensatory application of respect for autonomy; (3) and finally, that current interpretations of Principlism represent moral values that are culturally dependant. Based on these claims, I argue that a pharmacogenetic research governance ethical framework ought to be representative of common moral values, which are culturally neutral, subscribe to a ‘minimal morality', and are not based on the current precautionary approach that is entrenched in Principlism. From this main argument, I appeal to the principle of justice as fairness from Rawls’s A Theory of Justice to provide specification for the principle of justice inherent in Principlism. As well as establish how the application of this ‘minimal morality’ in governance could be achieved through John Rawls’s overlapping consensus, arguing that this would minimise the variability seen in regulatory decision making. I argue that greater specification of the principle of justice would ensure that this principle could effectively be exercised to alleviate pharmacogenetics’ actual ethical issues, which are not concerned with the inference of disease knowledge, as implied by ethical concerns regarding informed consent, privacy and confidentiality.
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Hossain, M. Sanjeeb. "The search for justice in Bangladesh : an assessment of the legality and legitimacy of the international crimes tribunals of Bangladesh through the prism of the principle of complementarity." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/103875/.
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Bangladesh’s place on the globe as a sovereign nation-state came at the expense of millions of victims who perished during the war of 1971. For the greater part of four decades an endemic culture of impunity deprived the surviving victims of justice. As the crimes of 1971 remained beyond the ratione temporis of the ICC, the Bangladesh Government established the first International Crimes Tribunal in 2010 under the International Crimes (Tribunals) Act 1973 for the purposes of detaining, prosecuting and punishing “persons responsible for committing genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other crimes under international law” in 1971. According to critics, the ICTs are a case of “complementarity gone bad” because they have failed to uphold international standards of justice. This thesis determines the legality and the legitimacy of the ICTs of Bangladesh. It does so by analysing the major criticisms directed towards the statutory provisions of the ICTA and the trial process of the ICTs through the prism of the principle of complementarity with particular reference to the “principles of due process recognized by international law”.
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Olsson, Annika, and Maria Sandberg. "Barns boende : socialsekreterares konstruktion av principen om barnets bästa i förhållande till materiell standard." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6699.
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<p>The purpose of this study was to examine how a selection of social welfare officers based on the principle of the best interest of the child construct a minimum level of the material standard in a home. Another purpose was to examine whether different units with varying socioeconomic prerequisites in the municipality of Stockholm construct this level differently.</p><p>The method used in this study was Sociology of Law and two focus groups were used for the gathering of the data. A social constructive theory, a class perspective using concepts of Bourdieu and a perspective of law were used to analyse the material of data.</p><p>The results showed that the courses of action varied from enactment and the policies of the municipality of Stockholm, unspecified theories of the development of children, the conception of what is normal and what children needs, the context in which they work, the development of the society and what they estimate that children needs when attending school. The results also showed a difference between the two units concerning the minimum level of the material standard in a home</p>
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Montserrat, Boada Carme. "Benestar i acolliment d'infants en família extensa: percepcions, avaluacions i aspiracions dels principals agents implicats." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8001.
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La importància que els acolliments en família extensa han assolit en la darrera dècada dins dels sistemes de protecció infantil en la major part dels països occidentals, contrasta tant amb l'escassa i recent investigació científica com amb els pocs recursos destinats als infants i adolescents que hi són acollits. L'objectiu general de la tesi ha estat el d'aprofundir en el coneixement i comprensió d'aquest fenomen dins del sistema de protecció infantil a Catalunya. La present recerca s'ha realitzat recollint els punts de vista dels tres grans conjunts d'agents socials implicats: els acollidors, els infants i adolescents acollits i els professionals dels EAIAs (Equips d'Atenció a la Infància i Adolescència) que els atenen; explorant les seves percepcions, avaluacions, expectatives i satisfaccions referides a l'acolliment. Així mateix, l'estudi s'ha dut a terme amb una metodologia de disseny mixt, recollint dades quantitatives i qualitatives. Els resultats mostrats ens suggereixen un seguit d'implicacions per a la pràctica i ens obren nous reptes de recerca, per tal de promoure, en definitiva, la qualitat de vida dels nois i noies i dels seus acollidors.<br>La importancia que los acogimientos en familia extensa han adquirido en la última década dentro de los sistemas de protección infantil en la mayor parte de los países occidentales, contrasta tanto con la escasa y reciente investigación científica como con los pocos recursos destinados a los niños/as y adolescentes que son acogidos. El objetivo general de la tesis ha sido el de profundizar en el conocimiento y comprensión de este fenómeno dentro del sistema de protección infantil en Catalunya. La presente investigación se ha realizado recogiendo los puntos de vista de los tres grandes conjuntos de agentes sociales implicados: los acogedores, los niños/as y adolescentes acogidos y los profesionales de los EAIAs (Equipos de Atención a la Infancia y Adolescencia) que los atienden; explorando sus percepciones, evaluaciones, expectativas y satisfacciones referidas al acogimiento. Asimismo, el estudio se ha llevado a cabo con una metodología de diseño mixto, recogiendo datos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Los resultados mostrados nos sugieren un conjunto de implicaciones para la práctica y nos abren nuevos retos de investigación científica, con el fin de promover, en definitiva, la calidad de vida de los chicos y chicas y de sus acogedores.<br>The importance of the increasing use of kinship care in the last decade within the child protection systems in most of the western countries, contrasts so much with the scarce and recent scientific research as well as with the few resources dedicated to the children and adolescents who are in extended family placements. The general objective of the thesis has been to deepen in the knowledge and understanding of this phenomenon within the Catalan child protection system. The present research has been carried out gathering the points of view of the three main stakeholders: the kinship carers, the children who are placed in extended family and the practitioners of the EAIAs (Children and Adolescence Care Teams) in charge of them. It explores their perceptions, evaluations, expectations and satisfactions referred to kinship care. Also, the study has been undertaken with a methodology of mixed design, gathering quantitative and qualitative data. The findings suggest a number of implications for the practice and they open new challenges for scientific research, with the final purpose of promoting the quality of life of children and their kinship carers.
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D'Huart, Angélique. "Le principe du contradictoire et le juge des enfants : à l'épreuve de la pratique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAA023.
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Au moment de l’adoption du Code de la justice pénale des mineurs et de l’anniversaire de la Convention internationale des droits de l’enfant du 20 novembre 1989, la protection de l'enfant est un enjeu majeur de notre société et le traitement d'un sujet relatif au juge des enfants apparaît essentiel. Acteur principal de la protection de l'enfance, le juge des enfants voit ses attributions se situer aux confins du droit civil et du droit pénal. Il convient alors de s'interroger sur son rôle, en constante évolution depuis sa création en1945. Entre protection et répression, il est particulier pour le juge des enfants de situer son intervention. Tout en assurant la protection de l'enfant, ce magistrat doit respecter les principes de procédure qui régissent notre droit français. Le contradictoire, un des principes directeurs, apparaît ainsi comme incontournable dans le quotidien du juge des enfants. Toutefois, si la nécessité du respect de ce principe n'est pas à contester, sa définition est parfois imprécise dans les textes, et son application rend la protection de l'enfant compliquée. C'est ainsi qu’au quotidien, le magistrat de la jeunesse se doit de trouver un compromis entre le respect du contradictoire et la protection. Cet exercice nous conduit ainsi à mettre en exergue que l'application du contradictoire est particulière lorsqu'il est pris en compte devant le juge des enfants. Définition imprécise, application spécifique, le sujet relatif à la mise en œuvre d’un principe de procédure devant le juge des enfants paraît bien complexe. Néanmoins, c'est de cet aspect que découle tout son intérêt<br>At the moment, when the adoption of the penal justice code and the anniversary of the 20 november 1989 children’s rtights international convention underwent, child protection is a major issue in our society and the investigation of a topic related to children's judge appears to be crucial. Main actor of the childhood protection, the children's judge sees his attributions lie at the border of civil law and criminal law. Thus, it appears interesting to study his role, which has been in constant evolution since its creation in 1945. Torn between protection and repression, it is tricky for this magistrate to ground his intervention. While maintaining a full protection for children, the magistrate must comply with procedural principles, which govern our French law. Hence, the adversarial principle, one of the principles, appears as an unavoidable principle in the children's judge everyday routine. However, if the importance of the respect of this principle is not to contest, its definition is sometimes blurry in the legal texts, and its application makes sometimes the child protection difficult. Thus, the juvenile magistrate sees himself trapped in an everyday questioning to make a compromise between the respect of the adversarial principle and ensuring protection. This everyday exercise brings us to highlight that the application of the adversarial principle is peculiar when it is taken into account by the children's judge. Unclear definition,specific application, the subject relating to the implementation of a principle of procedure before the juvenile judge seems very complex. Nevertheless, it is from this aspect that all its interest derives
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George, Robert H. "Reassessing relocation : a comparative analysis of legal approaches to disputes over family migration after parental separation in England and New Zealand." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e0b7e3d4-f7de-41b4-8215-6a5f00cb733b.
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Relocation cases are disputes between separated parents which arise when one proposes to move to a new locality with their child and the other objects. Relocation disputes are increasingly common and are becoming a topic of international concern. This thesis takes a comparative socio-legal approach to examining the legal responses to relocation cases in England and New Zealand. In England, Payne v Payne [2001] 1 FLR 1052 continues to apply principles first enunciated in Poel v Poel [1970] 1 WLR 1469, and generally sees children’s welfare as being promoted by allowing primary carers to relocate, so long as such moves are bona fide and well-considered. New Zealand rejected this approach in the mid-1990s, and now places more emphasis on children having strong relationships with both parents. Consequently, where England is characterised as ‘pro-relocation’, New Zealand is ‘anti-relocation’. Qualitative interviews with legal practitioners in both countries suggest that these characterisations are reflective of the law in practice. Looking at hypothetical case-studies, English practitioners are more likely to support proposed relocations than New Zealanders. Many English practitioners think their law to be outdated, and in particular that it gives too much weight to applicants’ well-being and too little to the value of children having strong relationships with both parents. However, in New Zealand, where an approach similar to that favoured by many English participants is applied, practitioners have the opposite concern, that applicants’ well-being is given insufficient weight, and promoting strong relationships with both parents has become overly dominant when assessing children’s welfare. It is suggested that the current variation in approaches to relocation may fit broader trends in post-separation parenting in different countries. However, given the current ‘search for common principles’ which can be applied to relocation cases internationally, this thesis raises questions about the likelihood of international agreement being reached.
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Budín, Pavel. "Ekonomie blahobytu a její využití v praxi." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-19255.
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The goal is to describe the evolution of welfare economics from its beginnings to the present, to draw attention to the pitfalls of the various views and orientations, to evaluate the applicability of new welfare economics in terms of real economy and the example of the Republic or other countries (or EU) to indicate the possibilities of welfare economics or its part in practice, including positive and negative impacts on the economy and society. In the first part, which is part of the theoretical problems described welfare economics, and is also outlined the development of welfare economics. In the second part of the problem is applied to housing issues. Outlined here are the current problems associated with this phenomenon. The problem is under consideration from the perspective of welfare economics and its possible applications.
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Leis, Annette. "Den kyrkliga diakonins roll inom ramen för två välfärdssystem : En jämförande fallstudie av två diakoniinstitutioner i Sverige och Tyskland." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Religionssociologi, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4503.
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By conducting a case study of two diaconal institutions, Samariterhemmet in Uppsala/Sweden and the Evangelisches Diakoniewerk Schwäbisch Hall e.V. in Germany, the thesis compares the roles of church diaconal work within the Swedish and the German welfare system. These two systems are characterised by the different roles given to independent welfare organisations. The overarching research question is if and in which way the two diaconal institutions are effected by current changes within the field of welfare and how these changes challenge them to redefine their roles. The material analysed contains written documents, interviews with selected representatives and the results of participant observation in both institutions. As changes in the roles of independent welfare organisations were expected the results are unexpected. The two diaconal institutions show considerable persistence. Neither the orientation of their fields of work nor their own definitions of their roles within the welfare system have changed during the 1990s. In addition, the study reveals that both institutions regard themselves as a critical voice within the welfare system although their welfare engagement differs considerably. The German institution is a huge welfare provider while the Swedish institution conducts targeted initiatives. The analysis of four decisions within hospital work reveals that security of planning and freedom of action motivate the institutions to undertake responsibility for social services. The study points especially to the fields of education and research helping the institutions to maintain and to develop the diaconal profile. Altogether the results underline the need for more research on the meso-level of the third sector. This would contribute to a more nuanced discussion on the future role of independent welfare organisations within the Swedish and the German welfare system.
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Munari, Márcia Maria Corrêa. "A pensão previdenciária pública, as emendas constitucionais e a segurança jurídica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8061.
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Previous issue date: 2008-05-14<br>The work establishes an analysis on behalf of the Constitution Law about the public welfare pension benefit.
First, it develops the historical evaluation of the Constitutionalism and the death pension in the Brazilians Constitutions.
Then, it gives emphasis to the Constitution of 1988 and the right of the integrality of the death pension left by the civil servant, regarding jurisprudence.
It deals, afterwards, with the public welfare reforms that turned into the Amendments 20/98 and 41/03, with approach towards the tribute problem and the situations inflicted by the summit wage.
At the end, it outlines the relation lead by the principle of Juridical Security and the public death pension<br>O objeto deste estudo compreende uma investigação, sob a ótica do Direito Constitucional, no regime próprio do funcionalismo público visto pelo prisma da pensão previdenciária por ele deixada.
De início, fornecerá um panorama histórico evolutivo do Constitucionalismo, bem como do benefício post-mortem nas Constituições brasileiras.
Em seguida, aprofundar-se-á na análise da Carta Maior de 1988, com destaque à disposição constitucional, no tocante ao pagamento da integralidade da pensão por morte e decisões judiciais acerca do tema.
Abrangerá, posteriormente, as reformas previdenciárias que culminaram com as inovações introduzidas pelas Emendas Constitucionais 20/98 e 41/03, com aporte no problema das contribuições vertidas para o sistema e nas situações impostas pelo teto remuneratório.
Por fim, delineará uma breve abordagem da imbricação do princípio da segurança jurídica, na esfera da pensão previdenciária pública
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Wächter, Thomas. "Semi-automated Ontology Generation for Biocuration and Semantic Search." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-64838.
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Background:
In the life sciences, the amount of literature and experimental data grows at a tremendous rate. In order to effectively access and integrate these data, biomedical ontologies – controlled, hierarchical vocabularies – are being developed.
Creating and maintaining such ontologies is a difficult, labour-intensive, manual process. Many computational methods which can support ontology construction have been proposed in the past. However, good, validated systems are largely missing.
Motivation:
The biocuration community plays a central role in the development of ontologies. Any method that can support their efforts has the potential to have a huge impact in the life sciences.
Recently, a number of semantic search engines were created that make use of biomedical ontologies for document retrieval. To transfer the technology to other knowledge domains, suitable ontologies need to be created. One area where ontologies may prove particularly useful is the search for alternative methods to animal testing, an area where comprehensive search is of special interest to determine the availability or unavailability of alternative methods.
Results:
The Dresden Ontology Generator for Directed Acyclic Graphs (DOG4DAG) developed in this thesis is a system which supports the creation and extension of ontologies by semi-automatically generating terms, definitions, and parent-child relations from text in PubMed, the web, and PDF repositories. The system is seamlessly integrated into OBO-Edit and Protégé, two widely used ontology editors in the life sciences. DOG4DAG generates terms by identifying statistically significant noun-phrases in text. For definitions and parent-child relations it employs pattern-based web searches. Each generation step has been systematically evaluated using manually validated benchmarks. The term generation leads to high quality terms also found in manually created ontologies. Definitions can be retrieved for up to 78% of terms, child ancestor relations for up to 54%. No other validated system exists that achieves comparable results.
To improve the search for information on alternative methods to animal testing an ontology has been developed that contains 17,151 terms of which 10% were newly created and 90% were re-used from existing resources. This ontology is the core of Go3R, the first semantic search engine in this field. When a user performs a search query with Go3R, the search engine expands this request using the structure and terminology of the ontology. The machine classification employed in Go3R is capable of distinguishing documents related to alternative methods from those which are not with an F-measure of 90% on a manual benchmark. Approximately 200,000 of the 19 million documents listed in PubMed were identified as relevant, either because a specific term was contained or due to the automatic classification. The Go3R search engine is available on-line under www.Go3R.org.
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Gilman, Deborah A. "Culturally relevant aboriginal child welfare, principles, practice, and policy." 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/1421.
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Aboriginal workers appear to bring a holistic approach to their practice of child welfare. The theory of reasoned action (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980) predicts a relationship between individuals' characteristics such as ethnicity and their beliefs, attitudes, behavioral intentions, and behaviors. Based on this theory, the study compared the intended interventions of 26 Aboriginal workers from Aboriginal child welfare agencies and 32 non-Aboriginal workers from agencies serving rural and remote areas. Workers responded to questionnaires consisting of rating scales and open-ended questions requiring written responses. Results indicated that Aboriginal workers rated a set of mainstream social work practice principles as less frequently relevant to their practice. A repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated that Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal workers would respond differently to four Aboriginal child welfare vignettes. Specifically, Aboriginal workers indicated that they would be more likely than non-Aboriginal workers to employ less intrusive interventions. They were also more likely to favor some short- and long-term interventions. Workers did not differ in their intentions to employ within-family interventions. Given that non-Aboriginal workers reported completing significantly higher levels of education than Aboriginal workers, analyses of covariance were conducted with education as the covariate. For the practice principles, a MANCOVA indicated no difference between the two groups with respect to relevance ratings. However, a repeated-measures MANCOVA indicated that Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal workers still differed with respect to their intended interventions. Also, a MANCOVA indicated that Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal workers differed with respect to their intentions to intervene at varying levels of intrusiveness. Five Aboriginal workers were interviewed to provide a context for the findings. The results suggest that education influences a worker's assessment of the relevance of practice principles. However, the application of these principles is more complex and appears to be influenced by a worker's ethnicity. With respect to culturally relevant Aboriginal child welfare policy, recommendations were made to alter time constraints imposed on Aboriginal child welfare cases and to support interventions that aim to strengthen Aboriginal families.
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Bailey, Reg. "Designing a welfare maximising water tariff for Durban with Ramsey pricing principles." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2870.
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A water supply tariff is a powerful water management tool that can be used to promote a number of economic, environmental and social-political objectives. In South Africa, increasing block tariffs are deemed to satisfy the domestic tariff regulations of the Water Services Act of 1997. The regulations require that the tariff supports the viability and sustainability of water supply services to the poor and discourages wasteful or inefficient water use. The application of increasing block tariff structures presents a number of problems. The main
issue being the size and price of each block. Ramsey pricing proposes that consumer welfare is maximised when the mark-up in price above cost of a good is proportional to the price elasticity of demand of the good. This principle was applied in setting the block prices of an increasing block water tariff. The sizes of the blocks were based on the average water consumption of low, middle and high income consumers. The water demand characteristic of low, middle and high income households from a sample of domestic consumers in Durban were investigated. The water demand functions and price elasticity of demand for the three groups were estimated using econometric models. Two
tariff structures based on Ramsey pricing principles were proposed and compared with the current increasing block tariff applied in Durban. The frequency distribution of demand of each of the three consumer groups were applied in a model to ensure the proposed tariffs met a certain revenue target. The water demand functions of each of the consumer groups were used to model how the proposed tariff structures impacted consumer surplus and water demand. The investigation found that increasing block tariffs designed with Ramsey pricing principles have a positive impact on social welfare, provide sufficient revenue for water service providers and support the conservation of water resources.<br>Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.
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PŘICHYSTALOVÁ, Michala. "Rozbor faktorů ovlivňujících welfare jelena lesního." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-137498.
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Red deer (Cervus elaphus) is a frequent subject of human interest. It can be managed in the wild, can be intensively bred in game preserves, can be the subject of game farming or bred as a pet, subspecies of red deer occur in the zoos. In the management of deer in the wild can not fully eliminate all negative impacts on the welfare, management of deer in the game preserves should follow optimal breeding conditions completely. The aim of this work was to evaluate the extent to which the red deer management in the Czech Republic is to ensure welfare. There is a list of analysis of reports of the red deer management, statements of the environmental analysis of the red deer and livestock conditions in selected game preserves.
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Oliveira, Gabriela Camila Sales de. "A relação de parceria entre Estado e Terceiro Setor." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/85711.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de Direito<br>O tema desta dissertação – a relação de parceria entre o Estado e o Terceiro Setor, seus princípios e pressupostos – invoca a reflexão de três assuntos fundamentais. Em um primeiro ponto, destaca o conjunto de organizações que não são públicas, mas que realizam objetivos sociais sem a economicidade típica das entidades privadas, pois não perseguem o lucro. Em um segundo momento, reflete sobre o Estado Social na realização das políticas sociais, considerando componentes geográficos e históricos, bem como os impactos das configurações do sistema econômico capitalista na readequação do atual papel do Estado. Por fim, busca elencar características, princípios e pressupostos para a construção de uma sólida relação de parceria entre a sociedade civil, por meio das organizações do Terceiro Setor, e o Estado na execução de prestações de proteção social. Constatou-se que esta nova relação de parceria não deve se amparar em uma subordinação ou em uma tutela protecionista, mas em um vínculo que procura respeitar mais amplamente a autonomia das iniciativas de inspiração solidarista e busca valorizar a participação social. O método da abordagem foi multidisciplinar, considerando a complexidade e a diversidade das abordagens atinentes às organizações sociais sem fins lucrativos e também aos aspectos da crise dos Estados, e envolve a literatura das ciências econômicas e sociais. No entanto, procurou-se priorizar a reflexão dentro da ótica do direito, especialmente no ramo do direito administrativo, tendo em vista que o vínculo contratual existente entre o Estado e as organizações da economia social e solidária, na realização das políticas sociais, deve envolver princípios e regras atinentes a esse ramo.<br>The main theme of this work – the relation between the State and the Third Sector, it´s principles and conjectures – imply the reflection of three fundamental issues. First, the organizations that are not publics, but develop social goals without the typical economicity of the private entities, because they do not pursuit profit. Second, there is a reflection about the Welfare State on implementation of social policies, considering important geographic and historic components, as well as the impacts of an economic capitalist system on the current functions of the State. By the end, there is a list search of characteristics, principles and conjectures for building of a solid relation of partnership between the civil society, through the Third Sector organizations, and the State in the implementation of social protection beneficts. This new partnership relation should not be based on subordination or protectionist custody, but on a link seeks to more widely respect the autonomy of initiatives solidarist inspiration and seeks to value social participation. The study method was multi-disciplinary, considering the complexity and diversity for the non-profit social organizations approach and also aspects of State crisis, involving the literature of economic and social sciences. However, the main objective was the reflection within Law optic, specially under the view of Administrative Law, keeping in sight that the existing contractual bound between State and economic social and solidary organizations, on performing social politics, must involve principles and rules related to this field.
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Gewurtz, Rebecca E. "Instituting Market-based Principles within Social Services for People Living with Mental Illness: The Case of the Revised ODSP Employment Supports Policy." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29729.
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Policies are shaped by social values and assumptions, and can significantly impact the delivery of health and social services. Marginalized groups are often disadvantaged in the political realm and reliant on publicly funded services and supports. The purpose of this research is to consider how public policies are constructed and implemented for marginalized groups and to increase understanding of the consequences of policy reform. It draws on a case study of the Ontario Disability Support Program, Employment Supports (ODSP-ES) and considers the impact of the policy revision that occurred in 2006 on employment support services for people living with mental illness. A constructivist grounded theory approach guided data collection and analysis. Key policy documents were analyzed and 25 key informant interviews were conducted with individuals who were involved in: the construction and/or implementation of the policy; developing and/or delivering employment services under the policy; or advocacy work related to the policy.
The findings highlight the impact of outcome-based funding on employment services and practices, and provide lessons for the construction and implementation of public policy for marginalized groups. The new funding system has promoted a shift from a traditional social service model of employment supports towards a marketing model, wherein services focus on increasing job placement and short-term job retention rates. However, the introduction of market principles into employment services has had significant implications for people living with mental illness. Employment programs are required to absorb increased financial risk, thereby altering the way service providers work with clients to help them find and keep jobs; there is a heightened focus on the rapid placement of clients into available jobs and less attention to the quality of employment being achieved and to complex barriers that prevent individuals from succeeding with employment. Although ODSP-ES has been somewhat successful at connecting people with disabilities to competitive employment, it has led to secondary consequences that compromise its overall utility. The findings highlight the complexity of constructing and implementing public policy for marginalized groups and suggest that evaluating public policy is an interpretative exercise that should be explored from multiple perspectives beyond the stated objectives.
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Hsu, Ku-Ming, and 許谷鳴. "On the Principle of the Explicit Delegation: Focusing on Social Welfare Statutory." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pv744y.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>法律學系科技法律碩士班<br>106<br>The purpose of this thesis is to explore the relationship between the principle of explicit delegation and the normative legality of the order. This thesis presumes that if the law can be more specific in its delegated provisions in terms of the scope, purposes and contents of the delegation, the executive order can therefore be set more clearly and comprehensively. This thesis argues that the principle of explicit delegation should be centered on the delegation provisions, and be clear and specific in terms of their contents, purposes and scope of the delegation. In addition, foreseeable rational basis should be its standard of scrutiny.
This thesis first reviews the principle of explicit delegation developed in the United States and Germany. It then studies the application of the principle of delegation to law and executive order in Taiwan from further analysis of the related interpretations made by the Grand Justices of the Constitutional Court, as well as the cases made from the Supreme Administrative Court. Furthermore, a case study was conducted on the preferential interest rate deposit measures and social welfare regulations for the military, public servant, and education in the current pension reform. It argues that one of the core issues of controversies related to the current reform is because that the related measures and regulations violate the mandate of the explicit delegation requirements. It further points out that the principle of explicit delegation shall also be applied to social welfare related laws as a means to govern the expenditure of social welfare.
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WEI-SHAN, TAI, and 戴薇珊. "The impact of the arm's length principle regulation on firms’ strategies and social welfare." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44832325066727664806.
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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>經濟學研究所<br>101<br>Multinational enterprises (MNEs) manipulate transfer prices in order to shift the profit to countries which exist lower tax rates.
This paper casts horizontally differentiated product of firms into the model. After exploring what the strategy of MNEs will
be adopted for maximizing the profit under different law enforcement attitude of the government, we will find out the best social
welfare and the legal excess profit cap of the government under social-welfare maximization.
We find that if the law enforcement attitude of the government is relatively strict, MNEs will choose to break the law which serves as a
strategy and pay a civil penalty to the government. Moreover, we obtain a proper legal excess profit cap as a reference point that the government
will restrict the transfer price of MNEs. The reference point should be set proper, and not too strict or not too relaxed.
Then the social welfare is maximized.
Furthermore, this paper also studies the impact of transfer price under the change of location choice.
The result indicates that both cases of legal or illegal, if the locations of two firms are far away from each other,
or when both firms face the higher degree of product differentiation,
the stronger force of monopoly will be in their respective regions, thus increasing their transfer price.
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HUNG, WEI-HAO, and 洪偉豪. "The Social Welfare Effects of Transfer Pricing and Arm’s Length Principle under Production Capacity Constraints." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54585502302374834680.
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碩士<br>國立高雄大學<br>經營管理研究所<br>104<br>Assume that there are two integrated enterprises located in two countries and engage in Cournot competition in domestic country. We find that under the situation of no AL principle and no capacity constraint, the upstream division will subsidy the downstream division for both of the two MNEs. The increasing marginal cost of upstream division will deteriorate the social welfare in the domestic country under the situation of no AL principle and no capacity constraint. Also, if the marginal cost of intermediate input decreases or the capacity constraint of intermediate input is relieved, the social welfare of domestic country will improve under the situation of one of the two upstream divisions face capacity constraint.
When the domestic government decides to regulate Arm’s Length prices: (1) Under the situation of marginal cost as AL transfer price, the social welfare of domestic country will improve if the marginal cost of intermediate input increases or the capacity constraint of intermediate input is relieved while one of the two upstream divisions faces capacity constraint. (2) Under the situation of market price as AL transfer price, the social welfare of domestic country will improve when the marginal cost of intermediate input decreases, the capacity constraint of foreign intermediate input is tightened, or the capacity constraint of domestic intermediate input is relieved.
As for the situation of no capacity constraint, the policy of regulating marginal cost as AL prices will only benefit the two firms at the expense of domestic consumers and domestic social welfare. If it is the foreign upstream division that faces capacity constraint, any kind of AL regulation will hurt domestic firm, consumers, and social welfare.
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Lee, Soen-Chen, and 李鎨澂. "A Study to the Principle of the People''s Livelihood and Welfare State in Chinese Constitution." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23271600927508483978.
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Wang, Mei Fang, and 王梅芳. "Researchs for social-welfare development on the Principle of the People''s Livehood economic-system in Taiwan." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53988634195912740345.
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Hsiao, cheng-chung, and 蕭正忠. "An empeirical Study of Subsidy-Principle on the Social Associations from the Bureau of Social Welfare in Nantou Country：A Keynote on“the Uniform and Equal Principle”." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52649528878415145989.
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碩士<br>國立暨南國際大學<br>公共行政與政策學系<br>95<br>In recent years, Masses- Associations is one of Social Organizations have mushroomed. Masses- Associations had a great effect upon the interests of people and the progress of social.Especially,Social Associations possessed of the function of middleman and mutual help. Social Associations connect with the government and the common people.
The government in order to realize the idea of Welfare-Country support Social Associations activities every years. The subsidy is steady one of the resources of Social Associations.
The study has been to analyze the subsidy belong to Social Associations of Nsntou locial government,There are five items on the trait of subsidy:
1、The most of Social Associations obtain subsidy if apply for subsidy according to the requlations of government.
2、The most of Social Associations obtain government subsidy even no same kinds of Social Associations.
3、The most of Social Association obtain government subsidy if the same kinds of Social Associations.
4、The most of Social Associations subtain the same subsidy.
5、The traits of No.1 to No.4 are age-long for Nsntou locial government.
The study drew conclusion from the past data:
Nsntou locial government uniform and equal when support Social Associations.
We hope government subsidy should optimize, Social Associations should be greatly advanced, and locial government could make use of the resources of Social Organizations .
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Yeh, Hsing-chen, and 葉幸真. "The practice of the constitutional principle of welfare state - treat the current social assistance system as the reviewed subject." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5e9g2h.
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碩士<br>東吳大學<br>法律學系<br>99<br>The Social Assistance Law, along with its bylaws, currently provides a regulatory basis for how Taiwan carries out its social assistance program. In addition to ensuring the basic sustenance of the underprivileged, Taiwan’s social assistance program is aimed at offering appropriate assistance to the underprivileged workers, so they may each secure an independent livelihood. However, the long-term outcome of Taiwanese social assistance cast doubt on the program’s effectiveness in giving sufficient amount of support to those who really need it. Such doubtfulness underscores a controversy over how reasonable the existing social assistance regulations are, and consequently prompted this study.
This study examines the requirements for social assistance program listed in the Constitution of Republic of China (R.O.C.) from the perspective of the Principle of Welfare State, which is the constitutional basis for stipulations pertaining to social assistance. The Social Assistance Law that serves as the regulatory basis of Taiwan’s social assistance program, is also scrutinized in this article to make sure it includes all requirements listed in the Constitution. Requirements that are missing from the law, if any, are addressed in the ensuing passages, with coping measures proposed for each aspect of the inadequacy.
Given the concerns mentioned above, the author adopts the following structure for this study, except Chapter One (Introduction):
Currently the constitutional basis for the social assistance program implemented in Taiwan is the Principle of Welfare State, which nevertheless is not only an abstract concept without much tangible substance but also hardly stipulated in the Constitution of R.O.C. As a result, Chapter Two presents a discussion of the Principle of Welfare State in order to verify its constitutional status and also its regulatory basis in the Constitution of R.O.C.
In Chapter Three, further explanations are provided to specify how a social assistance program should be conceived in order to meet constitutional requirements based on the Principle of Welfare State. In an attempt to explore the role of social assistance program as a part of Taiwan’s social law system, the discourse in this chapter is preceded by an overview of the social law system. With inferences drawn from that overview, the distinctive significance of social assistance program regarding the fulfillment of the Principle of Welfare State is established at the beginning of this chapter.
The existing Social Assistance Law in Taiwan is examined in Chapter Four. To generate a clarified context for that examination, this chapter begins with an introduction of the regulatory framework of Social Assistance Law, as well as how the law is actually enforced in Taiwan. In the same time, previous literature in the area of sociology is reviewed in order that the discourse in this chapter better matches what is actually happening in the Taiwanese society. According to that literature review, an array of issues actually present in the society is evaluated in the latter part of this chapter.
Finally, statements from the preceding chapters are summarized in Chapter Five, followed by conclusions for the entire study, which include the suggested modifications for each issue that exists in Taiwan’s Social Assistance Law.
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chiou, shean-chih, and 邱顯智. "The restriction by the principle of equity on the social legislation--based on the legislation of welfare of the officials─." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32632899687745437300.
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碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>法學系<br>91<br>ABSTRACT
The restriction by the principle of equity on the social legislation--based on the legislation of welfare of the officials─
By
CHIOU, SHEAN-CHIH
ADVISOR:Dr. CHEN, AI-ER
DEPARTMENT: DEPARTMENT OF LAW
MAJOR:CONSTITUTION AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
DEGREE:MASTER OF LAW
Modern nations when taking on social duties, their measures were mainly by providing social payments helpfully or promotively via legislation. The beneficial deeds usually only applied to specific groups of the citizen, thus, when compared with the other groups that were not so benefited, it possibly will lead to unequal treatments. Therefore, how to provide social payments so as to make up with the demands of social legislation and the principle of equity is indeed a pivotal problem. Based on this, the thesis was meant to clarify the meaning of the principle of equity of the constitution, its substantial standards of judgement and procedures of inspection and to examine our social legislation on this standing, especially on the massively disputing legislation of welfare of the officals, to clarify the relations between the principle of equity and social legislation.
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Ming-RenHou and 霍酩壬. "An Analysis of Organizational Reform of National Health Insurance based on Principle of Social State which harmonizes Economical Constitution and Social Welfare Constitution." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24332269696009521629.
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Lin, Rong-Yu, and 林容羽. "A Study in Comparing the Legality of Land Expropriation on Two sides - to the Welfare, the Principle of Proportionality and Compensation Standards for the center." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64683622858469053324.
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碩士<br>中國文化大學<br>法律學系碩士在職專班<br>102<br>Abstract
National construction and development is required to obtain land from the people, the government imposed a legitimate subject of people's property infringement, alleged the law here is the law must be enacted by Congress is limited. Thus the legislature to develop land acquisition regulations, the people as a national legal basis for property rights infringement, the laws of other unspecified levied on land acquisition will take place regulations apply if all the relevant details are omissions not impose laws to regulate, agencies shall not impose wanton whom.
Only the absolute major cause for the public interest and is under the last resort, be strong in the exercise of public authority such as a last resort. The charity must be fulfilled levied desired to measure the benefits that have been levied on the private interest is more important than the rights holder before becoming levied purpose, and should be reasonable compensation. When people need to use land expropriation in the application, in addition to setting up utilities has proved too Act permits still need to hold a public hearing to allow interested parties have the opportunity to state their opinion, such as due process of share price to protect the property rights of the people, only the government adhere the procedural requirements in legal, it is possible to implement the constitutional guarantee of parties intent of the people's property rights.
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Correia, João Pedro Marreiros. "Relatório de estágio : principios de medicina de abrigo em um canil municipal português : estudo de cinco casos clínicos." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/9887.
Full textAbstract:
Orientação: Sónia Ramos<br>Esta dissertação foi realizada na finalização do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias de Lisboa com o objetivo de desenvolver o tema, Aplicação de Princípios de Medicina de Abrigo em um Canil Municipal Português – Estudo de cinco casos clínicos.
A Medicina de Abrigo é uma medicina de populações de pequenos animais. Com a finalidade de reduzir o risco de disseminação de doença, infeção ou morte, os seus princípios dependem da colaboração entre Médico-Veterinário, funcionários, voluntários e comunidade, de modo a proporcionar um ambiente livre de stress, saudável, que promova o bem-estar físico, psicológico e comportamental aos animais.
Neste relatório são descritos cinco casos clínicos, acompanhados durante o estágio curricular no Centro de Recolha Oficial do Município de Lagos. Os casos abordados foram de gastroenterologia, dermatologia, traumatologia e parasitologia. A abordagem diagnóstica dos casos foi limitada pela falta de recursos do canil, sendo estabelecido diagnóstico presuntivo nos três primeiros casos, o tratamento instituído foi empírico. Nos casos de traumatologia e parasitologia, o diagnóstico foi estabelecido com recurso a exames complementares, sendo instituída a terapêutica indicada.
Os conceitos de Medicina de Abrigo devem ser melhor integrados na gestão dos canis municipais de modo a promover uma população de animais saudáveis.<br>This dissertation was realized in the conclusion of the Integrated Master's Degree in Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University of Humanities and Technologies of Lisbon with the goal to develop the theme Application of Shelter Medicine Principals in a Portuguese Municipal kennel- Study of five clinical cases. Shelter Medicine is a population medicine of small animals, with the goal of risk reduction in disease dissemination, infection and dead. Shelter medicine principals depend of a strong collaboration between veterinarians, employees, volunteers and community in order to provide a stress free environment, healthy and that promotes a proper physical, psychological and behavioral well-being to the animals. In this report are described five clinical cases viewed throw-out the internship in the Municipal Shelter of Lagos. The clinical cases that were studied were of gastroenterology, dermatology, traumatology and parasitology. The diagnostic approach to the cases was limited by the lack of resources, in the first three clinical cases a presumptive diagnosis was established, followed by an empirical therapeutic plan. In the traumatology and parasitology cases the diagnosis were establish by complementary diagnostic tests being prescribed therapeutic indicated. The concepts of Shelter Medicine should be better integrated in municipal shelter management in order to provide a healthier population of animals.
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KOCMICHOVÁ, Jaroslava. "Přemysl Pitter - Život pro druhé Eticko-sociální aspekty dějinné profilace života a díla." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-51666.
Full textAbstract:
The work deals with the life and work of Přemysl Pitter, major Czech Christian humanist, representativ of the social learning, education and journalism in the 20th - 70s of the twentieth century. Introductory chapters are devoted to his childhood and youth, especially his personal reflection of the suffering experienced at the frontline on the 1st World War, which influenced his future life guidance and practical activities. Other parts of the document is characterized Pitter{\crq}s destiny and social work for others - the poor, downtrodden, necessary - in the context of the radical social and political changes in the last century. Here is a somewhat more comprehensive text on the history of the fight to save children from a concentration camps and detention camps, after World War II, ie between 1945 - 1947. The last section describes the life and operation of Přemysl Pitter after retirement emigration in 1951, when the World Council of Churches delegated the duty of pastoral and social services for refugees in the camp Valka in Nuremberg in Germany until its repeal in 1962. The final chapter describes the staying and creative activity Pitter{\crq}s exile in Switzerland in the 60s and 70s. The work includes a brief summary of the contents of archival material and archives of Přemysl Pitter and Olga Fierzová in PMJAK in Prague.
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Carvalho, Marco António Cabeçais. "O abuso de confiança contra a Segurança Social: Da(s) inconstitucionalidade(s) da sua interpretação." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1893.
Full textAbstract:
A presente dissertação analisará o Estado Social, a sua origem, apresentará um conceito do mesmo, o que este abrange, onde este se encontra plasmado na Constituição da República, qual a sua sustentabilidade, as formas de financiamento e se o crime de abuso de confiança contra a Segurança Social é a essência do seu suporte. Ademais será verificada a desconformidade da interpretação jurisprudencial estabelecida no Acórdão de Fixação de Jurisprudência n.º 8 / 2010 de 23 de Setembro e em que serão demonstradas as possíveis inconstitucionalidades da sua interpretação e aplicação.<br>This present dissertation will examine the welfare state, its origin, will present a concept, what it covers, where it is enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic, its sustainability, ways of financing it and if the crime of embezzlement against Social Security is the core of its support. Also it will be analyzed the disconformity of judicial interpretation established in the Judgement n.º 8/2010 of 23rd of September and which it will be demonstrated the possible unconstitutionality´s of its interpretation and application.
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PIŠTĚKOVÁ, Radka. "Etická analýza současné Koncepce návrhů řešení problematiky bezdomovectví v Praze v letech 2013 - 2020." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-152550.
Full textAbstract:
The work deals with the complicated problems of solving homelessness in Prague for the period 2013-2020. It analyzes the ethics of the proposals addressing homelessness in this period and compares it with the Action Plan, which preceded it. Ethical problems are defined on the basis of examples of social work practice with homeless people. The conclusion of my work is a proposal of possible solutions defined by ethical problems that arise from the analyzed concept.
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Wächter, Thomas. "Semi-automated Ontology Generation for Biocuration and Semantic Search." Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25496.
Full textAbstract:
Background:
In the life sciences, the amount of literature and experimental data grows at a tremendous rate. In order to effectively access and integrate these data, biomedical ontologies – controlled, hierarchical vocabularies – are being developed.
Creating and maintaining such ontologies is a difficult, labour-intensive, manual process. Many computational methods which can support ontology construction have been proposed in the past. However, good, validated systems are largely missing.
Motivation:
The biocuration community plays a central role in the development of ontologies. Any method that can support their efforts has the potential to have a huge impact in the life sciences.
Recently, a number of semantic search engines were created that make use of biomedical ontologies for document retrieval. To transfer the technology to other knowledge domains, suitable ontologies need to be created. One area where ontologies may prove particularly useful is the search for alternative methods to animal testing, an area where comprehensive search is of special interest to determine the availability or unavailability of alternative methods.
Results:
The Dresden Ontology Generator for Directed Acyclic Graphs (DOG4DAG) developed in this thesis is a system which supports the creation and extension of ontologies by semi-automatically generating terms, definitions, and parent-child relations from text in PubMed, the web, and PDF repositories. The system is seamlessly integrated into OBO-Edit and Protégé, two widely used ontology editors in the life sciences. DOG4DAG generates terms by identifying statistically significant noun-phrases in text. For definitions and parent-child relations it employs pattern-based web searches. Each generation step has been systematically evaluated using manually validated benchmarks. The term generation leads to high quality terms also found in manually created ontologies. Definitions can be retrieved for up to 78% of terms, child ancestor relations for up to 54%. No other validated system exists that achieves comparable results.
To improve the search for information on alternative methods to animal testing an ontology has been developed that contains 17,151 terms of which 10% were newly created and 90% were re-used from existing resources. This ontology is the core of Go3R, the first semantic search engine in this field. When a user performs a search query with Go3R, the search engine expands this request using the structure and terminology of the ontology. The machine classification employed in Go3R is capable of distinguishing documents related to alternative methods from those which are not with an F-measure of 90% on a manual benchmark. Approximately 200,000 of the 19 million documents listed in PubMed were identified as relevant, either because a specific term was contained or due to the automatic classification. The Go3R search engine is available on-line under www.Go3R.org.
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Orapeleng, Shathani Rejoyce. "Innovative leadership in managing conflict at selected senior secondary schools in Botswana." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23231.
Full textAbstract:
The phenomenon of conflict is the problem that principals are faced with in their respective schools. The aim of this study was to explore the role that innovative leadership could play in managing conflict at the selected schools in Botswana. For the purpose of this study, a qualitative research approach was adopted. It included interviews, during which the informants responded to open-ended questions; observations, where the researcher visited the schools and interacted with the informants; and document analysis. These methods were employed to determine the perceptions of participants regarding the nature, extent, and causes of conflict at the selected schools. The study indicated that a number of factors could significantly contribute in managing conflict. Employing innovative educational leaders, benchmarking, using bottom-up communication skills, and the engagement of policy analysts, are some of the key recommendations made for avoiding further conflict within schools and between schools and the Ministry of Education.<br>Educational Leadership and Management<br>D. Ed. (Educational Management)