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Journal articles on the topic 'Welfare principles'
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WILLIAMS, FIONA. "Good-enough Principles for Welfare." Journal of Social Policy 28, no. 4 (1999): 667–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279499005760.
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The aim of this article is to widen the grounds of the debate on the relationship between values, social change and welfare reform. In the public debate on welfare reform and the Third Way the significance of the welfare politics and campaigns of civil society in challenging the old welfare order has received little acknowledgement. The article argues that these politics and campaigns have, along with both the New Right and New Labour, attempted to construct a new vision of an ‘active welfare subject’. In the process they have also expanded the moral repertoire for understanding people's engagement with welfare beyond the self-interest/altruism dichotomy. The article uses this new repertoire to propose seven key principles for a reordering of the social relations of welfare.
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Goodin, Robert E. "FALSE PRINCIPLES OF WELFARE REFORM." Australian Journal of Social Issues 36, no. 3 (2001): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.2001.tb01098.x.
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Ennser-Jedenastik, Laurenz. "The FPÖ’s welfare chauvinism." Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft 49, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15203/ozp.3102.vol49iss1.
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This paper applies recent theoretical arguments about the relationship between redistributive justice principles and welfare chauvinism to the case of the Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ). These arguments hold that parties vary welfare chauvinist appeals according to the redistributive principles underlying social programs. Means-tested and universal benefits that produce high levels of native-to-nonnative redistribution are thus prime targets. By contrast, social insurance individualizes benefit claims and thus undercuts the group logic inherent in nativist arguments. The analysis confirms that the FPÖ’s welfare chauvinism is mostly targeted at universal and means-tested benefits. Where it is applied to social insurance programs, the purpose is typically to exclude immigrants from non-contributory elements and thus strengthen the insurance principle for non-citizens. The analysis extends beyond existing research by also examining the adoption of welfare chauvinism by the ÖVP and the implementation of such policies by the ÖVP-FPÖ coalition between 2017 and 2019.
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Stepanova, Albina A. "On the Social Welfare State in Russia." Constitutional and municipal law 1 (January 28, 2021): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3767-2021-1-23-26.
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The article is devoted to the issues of defining Russia as a social state. The author reflects on the constitutional amendments, which are designed to ensure the implementation of the basis of the constitutional order of the social state. The article also indicates that some constitutional amendments are deeper in scope and content than previous rules. Thus, the principle of mutual trust between the state and society can act as a fundamental basis for other principles, in particular, for the principle of social solidarity.
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SHRIPAD, Shete Suvarna. "Principles of Ancient Indian Administration -Welfare Administration-." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 41, no. 1 (1992): 540–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.41.540.
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Mixon, Franklin G., and James B. Wilkinson. "Codifying the principles of a welfare state." International Journal of Social Economics 27, no. 4 (2000): 272–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068290010286564.
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Mankiw, N. Gregory. "On welfare economics in the principles course." Journal of Economic Education 48, no. 1 (2016): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220485.2016.1252297.
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Vucinic, Marijana. "Basic principles of experimental animals welfare protection." Veterinarski glasnik 61, no. 3-4 (2007): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0704173v.
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Zamroni, M. "General Principles of Good Governance in Indonesia: What are The Legal Bases?" Varia Justicia 15, no. 1 (2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/variajusticia.v15i1.2464.
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The concept of a welfare state starts from many typical countries, namely the Police State (Polizei Staat), the State of Formal Law (Liberal) and the State of Material Law (Welvaarstaat / welfare state). The Police State and the Welfare State are considered as extreme forms of legal state because the State Police is the beginning of the Law State. Welfare State is a type of legal state that is considered current. The Principles of Good Governance were born during the development of the Welfare State. This study reveals the legal basis of the General Principles of Good Governance of several regulations. The results show that the general principle of good governance is currently regulated comprehensively in regulation in Indonesia. The regulation includes 1) Act Number 28 of 1999 on State Implementation of the Clean and Free from Corruption, Collusion and Nepotism 2) Act Number 9 of 2004, concerning the Amendment to Indonesian Act Number 5 of 1986 on Administrative Courts Country 3) Act Number 25 of 2009 on Public Service 4) Act Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration. As a modern country, general principles of good governance is the spirit for the implementation of the government administration of the Indonesian Republic, especially in the context of the implementation of clean governance based on expediency, justice, and legal certainty.
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Senior, Steven L., Woody Caan, and Mark Gamsu. "Welfare and well-being: towards mental health-promoting welfare systems." British Journal of Psychiatry 216, no. 1 (2019): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.242.
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SummaryBy protecting vulnerable people from poverty and debt, welfare systems can be powerful tools for promoting mental health. However, the details of how welfare systems are implemented determine whether they also cause harm. Here, we review evidence and principles that might guide the development of mental health-promoting welfare systems.
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Adshead, Gwen, and Sameer P. Sarkar. "Justice and Welfare: Two Ethical Paradigms in Forensic Psychiatry." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 11-12 (2005): 1011–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01719.x.
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Forensic psychiatry, as a medical specialty, perhaps understandably leans toward beneficence or welfare as its main ethical underpinning. However, the special nature of the art or science of forensic psychiatry makes it imperative that beneficence is not the only ethical principle that guides the ‘good’ forensic psychiatrist. Indeed, the commonest ethical dilemmas in forensic psychiatry arise from a conflict between two ethical principles: beneficence, or promotion of welfare, and respect for justice. These two paradigms dominate discussions about the moral role and ethical duties of forensic psychiatrists and, in effect, give rise to two different practices in forensic psychiatry, each of which can also be said to have acquired a national identity. We discuss these competing principles and offer some thoughts about what this means for the ethics and values of forensic psychiatry.
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Zdencanovic, Ben. "“Based upon New Principles”." Radical History Review 2021, no. 139 (2021): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-8822627.
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AbstractThis essay examines the early life and work of the Russian American social reformer Abraham Epstein, an advocate for old-age pensions and compulsory social insurance whose work as head of the American Association for Social Security helped lead to the passage of the 1935 Social Security Act. The essay traces a young Epstein’s 1921–22 journey to Russia to study the Soviet government’s radical experiments in social welfare policy. Although Epstein was disillusioned with the Soviet system on the whole, his experiences in Soviet Russia informed his later idea of “social security”: a unified system of social insurance and social assistance to protect the entire population from social risk while functioning as a powerful tool of income redistribution. Epstein’s early interest in Soviet social welfarism adds new insight into the development of the broader concept of “social security,” an important but understudied link between Progressive Era “workingmen’s insurance” and the postwar welfare state.
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Jenkins, Elizabeth S., and Gill Langley. "Adoption of animal welfare principles by UK regulators." Toxicology 176, no. 3 (2002): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00141-5.
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Paton, MW, PAJ Martin, and AD Fisher. "Risk assessment principles in evaluation of animal welfare." Animal Welfare 22, no. 2 (2013): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.22.2.277.
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Lawrence, A. B., and M. C. Appleby. "Welfare of extensively farmed animals: principles and practice." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 49, no. 1 (1996): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(95)00662-1.
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Relic, Renata, Slavca Hristov, Marijana Vucinic, Vesna Poleksic, and Zoran Markovic. "Principles of fish welfare assessment in farm rearing conditions." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 55, no. 3 (2010): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1003273r.
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For several decades fish welfare has been subject of many researches, and the interest for this subject is connected with the fact that fish can feel pain and suffering. In addition to this stressors? mechanisms of action and their consequences are similar in mammals and fish. Assessment of welfare for farmed fish is based on the same principles as for terrestrial farm animals. However, special methods of collecting data are needed due to morphological characteristics of fish and properties of their environment. In the world and in our country, researches of different ways of fish welfare assessment are being conducted, especially based on non-invasive techniques such as monitoring of behaviour. In this paper a review of basic principles and methods used in assessment of farmed fish welfare is given.
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Fleurbaey, Marc, and François Maniquet. "Optimal Income Taxation Theory and Principles of Fairness." Journal of Economic Literature 56, no. 3 (2018): 1029–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20171238.
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The achievements and limitations of the classical theory of optimal labor-income taxation based on social welfare functions are now well known. Even though utilitarianism still dominates public economics, recent interest has arisen for broadening the normative approach and making room for fairness principles such as desert or responsibility. Fairness principles sometimes provide immediate recommendations about the relative weights to assign to various income ranges, but in general require a careful choice of utility representations embodying the relevant interpersonal comparisons. The main message of this paper is that the traditional tool of welfare economics, the social welfare function framework, is flexible enough to incorporate many approaches, from egalitarianism to libertarianism. ( JEL D63, H21, H24, J24)
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Trigg, Joshua, Melanie Taylor, Jacqueline Mills, and Ben Pearson. "Examining national planning principles for animals in Australian disaster response." July 2021 10.47389/36, no. 36.3 (2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47389/36.3.49.
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Australia’s summer bushfires of 2019–20 were a reminder that animals are increasingly exposed to risks from changing climate conditions. In Australia, differing organisational approaches to managing owned animals in disasters can lead to different welfare and safety outcomes for animals and the people responsible for them. The need for consistency was reinforced by recent Australian royal commission findings. In 2014, the Australia-New Zealand Emergency Management Committee endorsed the National Planning Principles for Animals in Disasters, a tool supporting best practice in emergency planning and policy for animal welfare. This study examines current planning for animals in disasters in relation to the principles and describes their implementation in the Australian context. A national survey of organisation representatives with a stake in animal management in disasters (n=137) and addressing the national principles implementation was conducted from July to October 2020. Findings show moderate awareness of the principles by respondents and low to moderate implementation of these in planning processes and arrangements for animal welfare. Implementation of specific principles is described from the perspectives of stakeholders. Greater awareness of the national principles and attention to specific principles promotes consistency in animal welfare planning arrangements.
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Heinig, Hans Michael. "The Political and the Basic Law'sSozialstaatPrinciple—Perspectives from Constitutional Law and Theory." German Law Journal 12, no. 11 (2011): 1887–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200017624.
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The welfare state aspect is among the central characteristics of German statehood as established by the constitution. For the Basic Law's drafters, it was so indispensable that they included the mandate of a welfare state in the catalogue of constitutional principles which are to have eternal validity within the constitution and which could only be dispensed with at the cost of breaching the constitution, the cost of revolution (Article 79(3) of the Basic Law (Grundgesetzin German; hereinafter “GG”)). Article 79(3) GG codifies the distinction between constitution and constitutional provision made prominent by Carl Schmitt, whose constitutional doctrine of 1928 asserted that, while the constitutional legislature can amend an individual provision in the constitution, the constitution as a whole is not to be changed short of political action transcending the law, that is, a revolution. Article 79(3) GG takes up this idea, insulating certain features of the constitution from amendment. These features—outside all democratic reach and thus quasi depoliticized—include the inviolability of human dignity (Article 1(1) GG) and the nature of the state as a democracy, a republic, a federal state based on the rule of law, and a “social” state (Article 20(1) GG). On closer scrutiny, the principles underlying the state's structure reveal a significant difference between, on the one hand, the principles of democracy, federalism, the rule of law, and republicanism and, on the other, the principle of the welfare state. The four former features stem from long traditions in constitutional law; modern political philosophy has detailed them precisely and the Basic Law concretizes them in thorough regulations. In contrast, the political history of ideas has failed to produce a “flag-bearing” thinker for the welfare state. The establishment of the welfare state has played no significant role in constitutional history. And, on first glance, even the Basic Law seems to provide hardly any specifics as to what exactly makes up its “social” state or, in particular, what normative consequences follow from this constitutional principle. This raises the question: What actually justifies the principle of the welfare state's illustrious position among those constitutional entities endowed with highest relevance? The following discussion develops the answer: Regardless of its limited historical and theoretical traditions, the principle of theSozialstaatfinds its meaning beyond its doctrinal content in its own distinct, symbolic substance.
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Zulqarnain, Dr, and Dr sajid Asdullah. "ENGLISH: FOUNDING PRINCIPLES OF ISLAMIC WELFARE STATE IN THE LIGHT OF SEERAH: AN APPLICATIONS IN PAKISTAN’S PERSPECTIVE." ĪQĀN 2, no. 03 (2019): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36755/iqan.v2i03.99.
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Establishing an Islamic welfare state had been a burning discourse in classical and contemporary Islamic thought. Muslim scholars sketched out the principles, mechanism, infrastructure, and strategy to establish such state. This academic work was designed to explore the founding principles and best possible strategy in contemporary condition of Pakistan. As the Seerat of Holy Prophet (SAW) was a complete role model for the Muslims in all times, the researcher therefore tried to explore the Prophetic strategy of establishing the Islamic welfare state in Madinah and its application in contemporary times. Qualitative research approach was employed for the collection, analysis, and demonstration of data. The systematic review of literature and evidences from Seerah led to the conclusion that Holy Prophet (SAW) established the ideal Islamic welfare state in Madinah by promulgating four founding principles; Divine Guidance, Good Governance, Enjoining Good and Forbidding Wrong, and Gradualism. These principles were found equally beneficial for contemporary era in Pakistan. It is therefore suggested that state should realize its responsibility and implement these principles to establish an ideal, Islamic welfare state.
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WEITZMAN, MARTIN L. "The linearised Hamiltonian as comprehensive NDP." Environment and Development Economics 5, no. 1 (2000): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x0000005x.
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For guidance in determining which items should be included in comprehensive NDP (net domestic product) and how they should be included, reference is often made to the linearised Hamiltonian from an optimal growth problem. The paper gives a rigorous interpretation of this procedure in terms of a money-metric utility function linked to familiar elements of standard welfare theory. A key insight is that the Hamiltonian itself is a quasilinear utility function, so imposing the money-metric normalisation is simply equivalent to using Marshallian consumer surplus as the appropriate measure of welfare when there are no income effects. The twin concepts of the ‘sustainability-equivalence principle’ and the ‘dynamic welfare-comparison principle’ are explained, and it is indicated why these two principles are important for the theory of national income accounting.
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Vieira Rios, Heitor, Paulo Dabdab Waquil, Patrícia Soster de Carvalho, and Tomas Norton. "How Are Information Technologies Addressing Broiler Welfare? A Systematic Review Based on the Welfare Quality® Assessment." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (2020): 1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041413.
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This systematic review aims to explore how information technologies (ITs) are currently used to monitor the welfare of broiler chickens. The question posed for the review was “which ITs are related to welfare and how do they monitor this for broilers?”. The Welfare Quality® (WQ) protocol for broiler assessment was utilized as a framework to analyse suitable articles. A total of 57 studies were reviewed wherein all principles of broiler welfare were addressed. The “good health” principle was the main criteria found to be addressed by ITs and IT-based studies (45.6% and 46.1%, respectively), whereas the least observed principle was “good feeding” (8.8%). This review also classified ITs and IT-based studies by their utilization (location, production system, variable measured, aspect of production, and experimental/practical use). The results show that the current focus of ITs is on problems with conventional production systems and that less attention has been given to free-range systems, slaughterhouses, and supply chain issues. Given the valuable results evidenced by the exploitation of ITs, their use in broiler production should continue to be encouraged with more attention given to farmer adoption strategies.
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Clegg, Isabella L. K., Rebecca M. Boys, and Karen A. Stockin. "Increasing the Awareness of Animal Welfare Science in Marine Mammal Conservation: Addressing Language, Translation and Reception Issues." Animals 11, no. 6 (2021): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061596.
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Integrating welfare principles into conservation strategy is an emerging synthesis that encourages consideration of individual animals’ quality of life in research, policies and law. However, these principles have gained limited traction in marine compared to terrestrial animal conservation. This manuscript investigates several factors that may be contributing to this disparity. In order to gauge current understanding of animal welfare science principles by marine mammal researchers and other stakeholders, a “Welfare in the Wild” workshop was convened at the 32nd European Cetacean Society conference (La Spezia, Italy, April 2018). The workshop was attended by 30 participants who completed pre- and post-workshop surveys on animal welfare principles. The survey results highlight a range of different views about exactly what animal welfare science is and how it can be applied to marine mammals. Specifically, participants’ definitions appeared to vary depending on the type of employment or research they engaged in, indicating a need for an interdisciplinary common language. Secondly, we analysed the peer-reviewed literature in order to ascertain where marine mammal publications exploring welfare were being published. From 1950 to July 2020, a total of 299 articles featured both marine mammal taxa (one or more) and the word welfare in the title, abstract or keywords. This represents just 0.96% of the total peer-reviewed published papers on marine mammal taxa (n = 31,221) during the same period. When examining articles published within “Welfare and Ethics” (n = 6133) and “Aquatic-focused” (n = 139,352) journals, just 1.2% (n = 71) and 0.04% (n = 57) of articles, respectively, featured the word welfare when examining marine mammals. With the aim of exploring how explicitly including welfare evaluations in marine mammal research and management can benefit conservation outcomes, we framed our workshop and quantitative literature review findings to provide practical solutions to the language, translation and reception issues of this burgeoning cross-disciplinary collaboration.
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Trappenburg, Margo, and Mirko Noordegraaf. "Fighting the Enemy Within? Challenging Minor Principles of Professionalism in Care and Welfare." Professions and Professionalism 8, no. 2 (2018): e2265. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/pp.2265.
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Wilensky’s seminal article on professionals mentions three identifying characteristics besides the familiar specialized knowledge, autonomy and professional ideology. These are the referral principle, which states that professionals should refer clients to a colleague with a different specialty if necessary, the principle of sloughing off, which dictates that professionals allocate less rewarding parts of their job to lesser paid assistants, and the principle of impersonal service delivery, which admonishes professionals to treat clients equally. A changing clientele in health care and social care warrants a reappraisal of these three principles. Population ageing necessitates a reappraisal in health care. The deinstitutionalization of people with psychiatric or mental disabilities necessitates a reappraisal in social care. Referral, sloughing off and impersonal service delivery are professional characteristics that concur with managerial or political objectives. Managers and politicians are partly responsible for their widespread application. Hence, professionals need their help to fight this “enemy within professionalism.”
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Tolimir, Natasa, Marijana Maslovaric, Zdenka Skrbic, Robert Radisic, Milos Lukic, and Borislav Rajkovic. "The attitudes of table egg consumers in Serbia on the welfare of laying hens." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 35, no. 4 (2019): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1904387t.
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In order to examine the attitude of egg consumers about the poultry welfare and their willingness to spend more money to buy eggs produced in accordance with animal welfare principles, 529 consumers were surveyed in three regions of Serbia (Belgrade, region of Sumadija and Western Serbia and South and Eastern Serbia region). Through the survey questionnaire, consumers have stated how important the welfare of laying hens is to them and if they are willing to spend more money on eggs produced acording to principles of animal welfare. The answers of the surveyed consumers were analyzed by gender, age, education, number of children in the family and the environment in which they live. According to the results of the survey, it can be concluded that in Serbia, poultry welfare is moderately important to 28.17% of egg consumers and very important to 50.77% of consumers, while not at all or little to 21.13%, and that there are differences between individual regions. The willingness to pay more for eggs produced according to welfare principles was expressed by 78.53% of consumers, on average for all three regions. The analysis of data within the category of consumers for which the poultry welfare is very important, revealed that 54.15% are women and 44.02% are men, and that the welfare is more important for consumers with higher education (52.66%) compared to middle school (47.67%), also, for consumers in the 35-55 age group (55.60%) compared to younger and older respondents and those with three or more children in the family (52.94%) compared to families with fewer children. The survey results indicate that consumers in Serbia attribute more importance to the welfare of laying hens, and show their willingness to pay more for eggs produced in compliance with the welfare principles. In the coming period, the education focusing on the increase of consumer awareness of the importance of the welfare of laying hens and the connection with the quality of the product will be necessary.
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HT, Herni Ali, and Ali Rama. "THE RANKING PERFORMANCE ON SHARIA FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS BASED ON MAQASHID AL-SHARI’AH." Dialog 39, no. 2 (2016): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47655/dialog.v39i2.94.
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This study aims at developing the concept of maqashid al-shari’ah as the fundamental principles for sharia banks. It also sought to develop measurement methods through relevant performance ratio. Maqashid al-shari’ah principles are underlined by three major concepts, namely: (i) individual learning (tahdhibal-fard); justice enforcement (iqamah al-‘adl); and welfare improvement (jalb al-maslahah). These three concepts are then derived into measurable dimentions, elements, an d indicators for public sharia banks in Indonesia. This study employed indexation and benchmarking to 2014 financial report and it found that there is no correlation between the sharia bank assets to their maqashid al-shari’ah performance. Bank Syariah Mandiri with the biggest asset, for instance, perfomed low in the principle of maqashid al-shari’ah. On the contrary, Bank Maybank Syariah and Panin Syariah with less assets performed better. This study suggests that sharia banks Indonesia should apply maqashid al-shari’ah principles for the organizational goals and evaluation method.
 KEY WORDS:Maqashid al-shari’ah, financial performance, individual learning, justice, welfare, sharia banks
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Lenaerts, Koen, and Tinne Heremans. "Contours of a European Social Union in the Case-Law of the European Court of Justice." European Constitutional Law Review 2, no. 1 (2006): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019606001015.
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Tensions between national welfare systems and the social rights of the citizens of the Union — Fundamental principle of free movement and the degree of financial solidarity with nationals from other Member States — Introduction of internal market principles in health care — The balancing role of the Court of Justice of the European Communities.
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Sugiyanto, Sugiyanto, Heru Kurnianto Tjahjono, Arief Hartono, and Lathiful Khuluq. "The Responsibility Principles in The Framework of Good Corporate Governance of The Social Welfare Institution in The Special Region of Yogyakarta." International Journal of Economics, Business, and Entrepreneurship 2, no. 1 (2019): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/ijebe.v2i1.43.
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This research of responsibility in the framework of good corporate governance aims to know the responsibility principles in the framework of good corporate governance and governance model of social welfare institution (LKS) in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). This type of study is a case study. The type of research conducted is descriptive qualitative, that is the researchers give an idea about the responsibility principles in the framework of good corporate governance of social welfare institution in DIY. The result of the research shows that there are fie responsibility principles which happened to social welfare institution in DIY and there are fie governance models of social welfare institution in DIY. Although the study was conducted for 8 years, this study still has weaknesses. It is advisable for further research to analyze thecorrelation between indicators of good corporate governance. The implications of the research are used as a reflection for policymakers, managers of LKS and donors.
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Suherman, Heri, and Martin Roestamy. "ASAS KESEIMBANGAN DALAM PENGADAAN TANAH BAGI PEMBANGUNAN UNTUK KEPENTINGAN UMUM DENGAN PEMBERIAN GANTI UNTUNG." JURNAL ILMIAH LIVING LAW 10, no. 2 (2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jill.v10i2.1498.
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Development for public interest requires the land for which the procurement is carried out by promoting the principles contained in the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia and national land law, including humanitarian principles, justice, benefit, certainty, openness, agreement, participation, welfare, sustainability , and alignment in accordance with the values of nation and state. Land acquisition for Ciawi and Sukamahi Dam Projects implemented by the Government, in fact resulted in compulsion, where the Government was forced to buy the land due to the program and so the landowner had to relinquish the land for the program's interest. However, in principle, the procurement of the land must continue to benefit the community as the owner of the land affected by the development program of public interest by applying the balance principle in the provision of compensation that is economically and socially more profitable to realize a sense of justice, improve the standard of living and welfare of affected people Ciawi and Sukamahi dam in Bogor Regency.
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MORRIS, LYDIA. "Welfare, Asylum and the Politics of Judgment." Journal of Social Policy 39, no. 1 (2009): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004727940999002x.
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AbstractThis article examines 14 judgments over a ten-year period of challenge to the removal of welfare support from ‘late claimers’ for asylum. The case history spans a period of transition in Britain from the general principles of the Common Law to the implementation of the Human Rights Act (HRA) (Home Office, 1998), but indeterminacy is to the fore in such a developing area of law, allowing considerable scope for judicial interpretation. The focus of this article is therefore the cumulative dynamic of the judgments, their strategic delivery and their policy impact. The analysis demonstrates the force of general principles in yielding a solution, while also providing evidence of judgment as political dialogue over competing visions of society.
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Strech, Daniel, and Ulrich Dirnagl. "3Rs missing: animal research without scientific value is unethical." BMJ Open Science 3, no. 1 (2019): bmjos—2018–000048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjos-2018-000048.
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The current, widely established 3R framework for the ethical use of animals in research consists of three guiding principles, that is, Replacement, Reduction and Refinement, all aiming to safeguard the overarching ethical principle of animal welfare. However, animal welfare alone does not suffice to make animal research ethical if the research does not have sufficient scientific value. The scientific value of animal studies strongly decreases if they are not sufficiently robust, if their questions have already been sufficiently addressed or if the results are selectively reported. Against this background, we argue that three guiding principles are missing, that is, Robustness, Registration and Reporting, all of which aim to safeguard and increase the scientific value of animal research. To establish a new 6R framework, we need a multistakeholder discourse to conceptualise the specific requirements of robustness, registration and reporting and to clarify responsibilities, competencies and legislation for auditing 6R compliance.
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Kern, William S. "Current Welfare Reform: A Return to the Principles of 1834." Journal of Economic Issues 32, no. 2 (1998): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.1998.11506048.
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Offe, Claus. "The German Welfare State: Principles, Performance and Prospects After Unification." Thesis Eleven 63, no. 1 (2000): 11–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513600063000003.
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Summers, Craig. "Militarism, Human Welfare, and the APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists." Ethics & Behavior 2, no. 4 (1992): 287–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327019eb0204_5.
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Wake, Yasuta. "Social Welfare in Japan: Principles and Applications- by Kojun Furukawa." International Journal of Social Welfare 18, no. 2 (2009): 220–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2009.00647.x.
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Lippert-Rasmussen, Kasper, and Andreas Albertsen. "Tensions in Piketty’s Participatory Socialism: Reconciling Justice and Democracy." Analyse & Kritik 43, no. 1 (2021): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auk-2021-0005.
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Abstract In the final parts of Piketty’s Capital and Ideology, he presents his vision for a just and more equal society. This vision marks an alternative to contemporary societies, and differs radically both from the planned Soviet economies and from social democratic welfare states. In his sketch of this vision, Piketty provides a principled account of how such a society would look and how it would modify the current status of private property through co-managed enterprises and the creation of temporary ownership models. He also sets out two principles for when inequalities are just. The first principle permits inequalities that are beneficial to the worst-off, while the second permits inequalities that reflect differences in people’s choices and ambitions. This article identifies a tension between Piketty’s two inequality-permitting principles. It also argues that the procedural limits on how decisions are made within the enterprises of participatory socialism might create inequalities not permitted by the guiding distributive principles of participatory socialism. This tension points to the need for either further changes in firm structure and ownership, an even more progressive taxation scheme, or an egalitarian ethos reflected in citizens’ choices in their everyday lives under participatory socialism.
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COX, ROBERT HENRY. "The Consequences of Welfare Reform: How Conceptions of Social Rights are Changing." Journal of Social Policy 27, no. 1 (1998): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279497005163.
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The idea of the welfare state is commonly grounded in the principles of social rights, universality and solidarity. Over the past twenty years, welfare reforms have challenged the salience of this conceptualisation. This article argues that changes such as austerity measures, pension reform, administrative decentralisation and efforts to revive the obligation of citizenship have fostered a more discursive conception of social rights. When rights are discursive, the relative power of various clientele interests plays a greater role in the distribution of benefits than objective conditions of need. Also, such notions as universality and solidarity are giving way to selectivity and individual responsibility as the paramount principles of the welfare state.
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Muhammad, Mukmin, and La Ode Husen. "State Civil Apparatus in Indonesia in the Conception of Welfare State: A Study of Legal Material Law Number 5 Year 2014 on State Civil Apparatus." Asian Social Science 15, no. 3 (2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v15n3p64.
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In essence every form of government interference must be based on legislation that applies as a principle of legality, which is the main joint law of the State. However, because there are limitations to this principle or because of weaknesses and shortcomings in the laws and regulations, the government is given freedom. Freies Ermessen, namely the freedom of the government to be able to act on its own initiative in solving social problems. Freies Ermessen raises opportunities for conflicts of interest, in order to avoid or minimize violations of citizens' rights, hence increasing legal protection for deviant state administration (Verhoogde Rechtsbescherming) in the form of "Algemene Beginselen Van Behoorlijk Bestuur" or general principles of good governance. The task of government is carried out in the framework of the implementation of the general functions of government which includes institutional, personnel and management utilization. Whereas in the implementation of certain development tasks carried out in the context of implementing certain development tasks carried out through nation-building (cultural and political development) as well as through economic and social development (economic and social development) which is directed at increasing the welfare and prosperity of the entire community, Law Number 5 Year 2014 on state civil apparatus as the basis for regulating the state civil apparatus in each of its implementation policies prioritizes the foundation of legislation, propriety and justice. The method of research is normative legal research methods, namely the study of legal principles legal rules which are standards for behaving or behaving. This research can be carried out (especially) on primary and secondary legal materials, as long as the materials contain legal rules, because not every article in a law, for example, contains legal rules; there are articles which are only limits as commonly found in the general provisions of the legislation. Research on legal principles is a philosophical study because the legal principle is an ideal element of law. Goals: The purpose of this research is to make the state civil apparatus understand the concept of the welfare state, the use of discretionary power (Freies ermessen), understand the principles that limit the actions of state civil apparatus to avoid corruption and collusion and nepotism in realizing people's welfare in Indonesia. Novelty/Improvement: This article discusses the study of law regarding the position of Civil Servants in Indonesia based on Law Number 5 Year 2014 on State Civil Apparatus. Concerning state civil apparatus which is associated with principles general good governance, this research article is also expected to be able to provide information for readers to be able to realize the state civil apparatus free from the practice of collusion, corruption and nepotism in realizing good governance in Indonesia in the conception of welfare state.
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Shcherbak, Serhii. "“Welfare State” as a Variable Conceptual Model of a Modern Socially Oriented Market Economy." Modern Economics 25, no. 1 (2021): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v25(2021)-26.
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Annotation. Introduction. The article discusses the views of scientists on the “welfare state” model of the implementation of the principles of a socially oriented market economy. Purpose. Analysis of versatile scientific works and researches. Research of the theorical and methodological principles of “welfare state” as a variable conceptual model of modern socially oriented market economy. Results. The implementation of the tactical and strategic task that fundamentally faces the state and the national economy of Ukraine – a significant improvement in the welfare and level of social protection of citizens – is possible only if the socially oriented market economy is consistently developed according to the “state of general welfare” model. Fundamentally, this model should include, as shown earlier: effective private and public sectors of the economy, effective state macroeconomic regulation, high level of social protection and health care, correctly defined goals of investment and innovation development, stimulation of entrepreneurial initiative and competition, a clear focus on a high level of international competitiveness. Conclusions. The socially oriented market economy, built in developed countries in the last third of the twentieth century, was studied as a generalized and practically implemented model of the “welfare state”. Theoretical and methodological directions of its analysis as a conceptual model in variative theoretical and practical approaches and their application in the context of possibilities of realization of general principles, principles and peculiarities of certain countries are defined. It has been shown that in the target orientation of the “welfare state” as a conceptual model of the social market economy, the welfare of the country’s citizens occupies the first place, that is, the standard of living, which includes not only the material component (the level of income per capita), but also such a concept as quality of life (ecology, quality of food, medicines, social standards, etc.). The theoretic and methodological approach to the analysis of the socio-economic system as a model of development and functioning is substantiated, which allows to find out more thoroughly and clearly the main directions of society’s progress in the XXI century. Keywords: welfare state; socio-economic system; socially oriented economy; welfare of the nation; social protection.
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Basic, Nedzad. "The Balkans: From balance of power to balance of human welfare." Medjunarodni problemi 57, no. 4 (2005): 413–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0504413b.
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The principles of territorial integrity and (non)interference halt the influence of self-determination. Legal relationship between these principles become much more complex in the Balkans despite the strong regard given to preserving the territorial integrity of the state. One of the repercussion of this controversial relationship is that human right stay without effectual protection in the case of conflict between these two principles. In this circumstance central government and movement to self-determination are supported to settle its claims by restoring to armed hostilities. The author explains how international community can reduce the inherent conflict as the working out of these principles in light of the forces of democratisation and respect for human rights, peace and development comes to make the parties see them as less and less irreconcilable.
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Orihuela, A. "Animal welfare and sustainable animal production." Advances in Animal Biosciences 7, no. 2 (2016): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470016000157.
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This paper describes the basic principles of animal behavior and how these concepts can be applied to the management and care of farm animal species in a sustainable way. Several examples about how the behavior of animals can be used to increase production and welfare understanding animal needs while solving farm problems, are mentioned. Topics covered include: fostering of orphans, explaining how to substitute dead lambs, or how to add extra lambs to ewes with single births; the breakdown of the cow–calf relationship, covering different forms of weaning, focusing on stress reduction as reproductive efficiency and productivity increases; handling system designs, explaining the basic principles of animal handling and how to leverage this knowledge in the design of facilities for the purpose of moving cattle efficiently, reducing at the same time the risk of injury in humans and animals; the behavior of sick animals, where the physiological processes in order to regain homeostasis through changes in animal behavior are explained, in addition to how those changes in behavior can be used to predict some diseases even before clinical signs appeared, or how these changes might be applied to assess the extent of the pain suffered by a particular individual; and finally, a miscellaneous section covering various behavioral aspects of management of productive animals.
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Razak, Muhammad Rais Rahmat, and Akhwan Ali. "Child Social Welfare Institution Participation in the Implementation of Good Governance." Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik 9, no. 2 (2020): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jiap.v9i2.13150.
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The application of the principles of good governance is not only limited to ministries and government agencies or central and regional government levels. The application of good governance needs to be extended to non-governmental social institutions such as children's social welfare institutions. Sejati Orphanage of Muhammadiyah Rappang is one of the social welfare institutions of children in South Sulawesi, founded by H. ismail Ambo Mariama since 1950 as a form of social concern for the massacre known as the 40,000 victims in December 1949 in South Sulawesi. This research aims to determine the level of participation and application of the principles of good governance in the orphanage. This research uses quantitative descriptive method by describing the two variables using the Likert scale and examining the relationship between the two variables using linear regression analysis. Samples is 30 was taken from 150 populations. The results show that the level of participation and application of the principles of good governance are included in the excellent category. While the level of participation influences 42.2 percent of the application of the principles of good governance. This shows that the application of the principles of good governance in social institutions is easier compared to other institutions.
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Iannetti, Luigi, Sara Romagnoli, Giuseppe Cotturone, and Michele Podaliri Vulpiani. "Animal Welfare Assessment in Antibiotic-Free and Conventional Broiler Chicken." Animals 11, no. 10 (2021): 2822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102822.
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The poultry sector is moving towards antibiotic-free production, both to challenge the increasing spread of the antibiotic resistance phenomenon and to meet market demands. This could negatively impact the health and welfare of the animals. In this study, the welfare of 14 batches of 41–47-day-old broilers raised by the same integrated company with and without antibiotics was assessed using the Welfare Quality® protocol. The total welfare score did not significantly differ between the two systems: the good-feeding principle was, on average, higher in the conventional batches, with statistical significance (t = −2.45; p = 0.024), while the other welfare principles (good housing, good health and appropriate behaviour) were slightly better in the antibiotic-free batches. Despite stocking densities averagely higher in the antibiotic-free batches, the absence of antibiotics did not seem to impact the good-health principle; in particular, hock burns, foot pad dermatitis and lameness were significantly less severe in the antibiotic-free batches (p < 0.0001, p = 0.018, p < 0.0001, respectively), which showed also a lower death rate (2.34% vs. 2.50%). Better management of antibiotic-free batches was reported, particularly concerning litter conditions. Further studies would be required to identify and standardise a set of managerial methodologies in order to improve the health of broilers raised without antibiotics.
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Friedrich, Lena, Joachim Krieter, Nicole Kemper, and Irena Czycholl. "Iceberg Indicators for Sow and Piglet Welfare." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (2020): 8967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218967.
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This study identifies iceberg indicators for welfare assessment in sows and piglets to enhance feasibility and sustainability of available protocols. Indicators of the Welfare Quality® protocol and of a German protocol were collected over 65 farm visits to 13 farms in Germany between September 2016 and April 2018. Data were analysed using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). A hierarchical component model was built (animal welfare = higher-order, Welfare Quality® principles = lower-order components). In sows, welfare was revealed to be most influenced by the principles good housing, good health and appropriate behaviour (path coefficients = 0.77, 0.86, 0.91). High coefficients of determination R2 indicated a large amount of explained variance (good housing R2 = 0.59, good health R2 = 0.75, appropriate behaviour R2 = 0.83). Stereotypies was the indicator most valuable to assess sow welfare. Additionally, the final model included the indicators panting, shoulder sores, metritis, mortality and an indicator assessing stereotypies in resting animals (indicator reliabilities 0.54–0.88). However, the model did not include the indicators lameness and body condition, which may be due to the farm sample. Welfare of piglets was most explained by the indicators carpal joint lesions, mortality, sneezing and undersized animals (indicator reliabilities 0.48–0.86).
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Won-Don Kang. "Principles of Correlation of Church and State Welfare and their Legalization in the German Social Welfare System." THEOLOGICAL THOUGHT ll, no. 144 (2009): 161–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35858/sinhak.2009..144.006.
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Kaplow, Louis, and Steven Shavell. "REPLY TO RIPSTEIN: NOTES ON WELFARIST VERSUS DEONTOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES." Economics and Philosophy 20, no. 1 (2004): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267104001300.
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In Fairness versus Welfare (FVW), we advance the thesis that social policies should be assessed entirely with regard to their effects on individuals' well-being. That is, no independent weight should be accorded to notions of fairness such as corrective or retributive justice or other deontological principles. Our claim is based on the demonstration that pursuit of notions of fairness has perverse effects on welfare, on other problematic aspects of the notions, and on a reconciliation of our thesis with the evident appeal of moral intuitions. Here we summarize our three arguments and explain that Professor Ripstein's commentary largely fails to respond to them. (We will pass over some of what he says because it has little to do with our book, and we will not address his rather surprising attacks on our scholarship because the reader can readily verify their inaccuracy.)
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Sykes, Katie. "“Nations Like Unto Yourselves”: An Inquiry into the Status of a General Principle of International Law on Animal Welfare." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 49 (2012): 3–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800010316.
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SummaryThis article proposes that there is a general principle of international law concerning the humane treatment of animals. Preoccupation with “animal rights” has been associated with Western cultural imperialism masquerading as a universal ethic. Animal welfare is thus an instructive case study of what Jutta Brunnée and Stephen Toope have identified as the key challenge for international law, that of “construct[ing] normative institutions while admitting and upholding the diversity of peoples in international society.” This article applies the framework of interactional international law set out in Brunnée and Toope’s recent bookLegitimacy and Legality in International Law, while raising questions about the weight that their analysis accords to practice and their willingness to conclude that widely recognized principles to which states fail to adhere in practice lack legal force. The article also examines how laws prohibiting cruelty to animals have emerged precisely from an interactive cultural exchange between East and West, in particular, between England and India. It concludes that Brunnée and Toope’s framework, although it does not deal at any length with general principles of law (a source of international law in which practice plays a relatively minor role), is nevertheless a useful tool for understanding how a culturally contested principle fits into international law and ultimately supports the view that there is a general principle of international law concerning animal welfare.
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Ryen, Anne, Eulalia Temba, and Edmund C. S. Matotay. "Company welfare and social work ethics: a space for social work?" Journal of Comparative Social Work 5, no. 1 (2010): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v5i1.61.
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This article deals with company welfare and social work ethics. If social work is concerned with welfare and distributional issues, we would assume company welfare to be an issue of great relevance to social workers, so why do we not come across any social workers in our fieldwork? This calls for the simple question “where do social workers work?” or rather “how come social workers do not work in private companies?” We explore into the combination of social work and private companies with special reference to social work ethics to discuss private companies as a job arena for social workers. We argue that in a sector aiming at profit, social workers may trigger employees enthusiasm, but employer scepticism. However, by avoiding a less stereotyped notion of private companies, company welfare and social work we claim that certain social work ethical principles would be of joint interest to the involved, but more so in certain contexts than in others.
 The article consists of six sections. After the introduction, we take a closer look at company welfare followed by a section on social work where we focus on ethical principles and work arenas for social workers. In section four we present our data from some private companies in Norway and Tanzania as a point of departure to our discussion in section five on private companies as a potential job arena for social workers. The complexity of company welfare does not call for simple answers. In the conclusions, section six, we therefore argue that the ethical principles of social work make it an interesting and relevant competence in managing company welfare, though not unproblematic in the homeland of profit. However, contextual complexity invites contextual responses.
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Schweitzer, Albert. "Philosophy and Animal Welfare Movement." Ethical Thought 20, no. 2 (2020): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-4870-2020-20-2-154-159.
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This work provides a Russian translation of Albert Schweitzer’s “Philosophy and Animal Welfare Movement” (Philosophie und Tierschutzbewegung, c. 1950, possibly 1936). There, Schweitzer considers the issue of the man’s proper attitude to the living beings around. At the same time, he analyzes the history of the formation of different approaches to the issue in the course of the development of western and eastern ethical thought. In particular, he examines briefly the attitude towards living beings in Chinese and Indian ethics, the ethics of early and modern Christianity, and European philosophy. Finally, Schweitzer highlights the inevitability of the convergence between universal human ethics and the principles of reverence for life and love for all life. In this convergence, he sees a complex task facing contemporary society.
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Russell, Sonia. "Attachment Disorders: Implications for Child Welfare Practice." Children Australia 17, no. 1 (1992): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s103507720003011x.
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This paper addresses a number of issues relating to welfare planning for children with serious disorders of attachment, including problems in relation to natural families, implications for caregivers of behavioural aspects of attachment disorders, and difficulties in implementing ‘permanency planning’ principles. Historical trends and cycles in policy formulation are referred to, and some suggestions are made with regard to directions for treatment and future planning of services.