Relevant bibliographies by topics / Welfare state – European Union countries – History

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Welfare state – European Union countries – History'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Welfare state – European Union countries – History"

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Zhang, Jinwei, and Yuchang Peng. "Integration of Finnish Immigrants Research Review." Advances in Social Science and Culture 7, no. 3 (2025): p1. https://doi.org/10.22158/assc.v7n3p1.

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Finland, as a European welfare state with a long history, has, like many other European welfare states, become a desired destination for many immigrants, including refugees. However, without an in-depth understanding of Finland's socio-historical context, we may inappropriately compare its immigration issues with those of other countries, making it difficult to accurately grasp the current state of the Finnish nation and the immigration challenges it faces. Finland's socio-cultural environment has long been at the crossroads of East and West. Finland's long history of foreign domination seems
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Sinitsyn, Fedor. "External Challenges to Soviet Ideology in the Second Half of the 1960s and in the 1970s." ISTORIYA 12, no. 11 (109) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017638-0.

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The Soviet Union's foreign policy challenges of the 1960s and 1970s had an ideological aspect to them. Contradictions between Soviet Communism and Eastern European socialist models of development became more pronounced. Eastern European socialist countries began to emphasize the variety of models for “building socialism” and offered their own theories, not sanctioned by Moscow, of the construction of socialism in other European countries. Certain “ideological dangers” for the USSR also came from the Communist parties of capitalist countries. Authority of the Soviet Union and the CPSU
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De Rose, Alessandra, and Giuseppina Guagnano. "Having Children in Europe: The Role of Social Capital." Review of European Studies 15, no. 1 (2023): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v15n1p24.

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We explore the role of social capital in explaining reproductive behaviour and its differences among the European countries. We adopt a comprehensive concept of social capital that combines several elementary indicators and estimate its impact on the probability of having a first or a further child among reproductive-age women currently in a partnership union. We cluster countries in four groups and discuss the results in terms of different welfare state regimes. Data come from the 2014 EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions survey (N=15,735) which we analysed through a generalized orde
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Vanthemsche, Guy. "Unemployment Insurance in Interwar Belgium." International Review of Social History 35, no. 3 (1990): 349–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085900001004x.

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SUMMARYIn 1900, a special type of unemployment insurance was set up in Belgium: the so-called “Ghent system”, which had some influence on the development of unemployment insurance in many European countries. This particular system was characterized by the important role played by the trade-union unemployment societies. The public authorities (in Belgium, from 1920 onwards, the central government next to the towns and provinces) encouraged the affiliation of the labourers to these societies by granting different sorts of financial support to the unemployed society members and to the societies t
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Demianenko, Serhii. "Agricultural reform in Ukraine: the history and present." Economic Analysis, no. 34(1) (2024): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2024.01.069.

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The purpose of the research is to reveal the process of implementing the agrarian reform in Ukraine as a natural stage of the development of the country's agriculture during the last 100 years. The existing problems in Ukrainian agriculture were considered and it was established that these problems have their roots in the past, in the 20s of the 20th century, when the natural development of agriculture was interrupted, Ukraine became part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), private ownership of agricultural land and private farms were liquidated, collective and state agricultura
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Львов, А. А., та К. В. Крюкова. "САМОИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ В КОНФЛИКТЕ ИЛИ ДИАЛОГ КУЛЬТУР? АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ СТРАТЕГИИ «ОСОБОГО ПУТИ»". Konfliktologia 15, № 2 (2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31312/2310-6085-2020-15-2-38-53.

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n the circumstances of victorious liberalism, represented by the system of welfare state, we constantly see the attempts of self-identification of various groups, communities and even peoples through the situation of conflict. An illustrious example to that is the strategy of “special path” (Sonderweg), which was very typical for different states in different time, and now is still an important instrument of the inner self-identification. However, such a strategy should be realized within both historical and anthropological perspectives: it is its only way to acquire its concrete sense and qui
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OROSZ, Ágnes, and Norbert SZIJÁRTÓ. "A MACRO-COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF WELFARE STATE CONVERGENCE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." Management of Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54989/msd-2021-0005.

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In this paper, we provide a macro-comparative assessment of welfare state convergence. Using the welfare state regime approach, the paper analyses the development of main welfare state indicators within in the enlarged European Union. In this study we capitalize on descriptive statistics and a single convergence analysis based on standard deviation in order to capture alterations in national welfare models of 26 European countries and among acknowledged welfare regimes. Our fundamental aim is to seize on long-term processes (convergence, divergence, or persistence), so we cover almost a two-de
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Munteanu, Simona, Simona Laura Dragos, and Eugenia Ramona Mara. "Reshaping welfare state models: The transformation of post-communist nations." Acta Oeconomica 75, no. 1 (2025): 122–51. https://doi.org/10.1556/032.2025.00006.

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AbstractIn our rapidly changing world characterised by globalisation, economic crises, a pandemic, and regional integration, the structure and functioning of welfare states have undergone significant transformations. These forces have shaped and continue to redefine welfare state models worldwide. This study examines the trajectories undertaken by European Union member countries regarding their welfare state models, particularly focusing on the transformative experiences of former communist states. Based on a critical assessment of previous research by a bibliometric analysis, our study compre
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Warin, Thierry, and Pavel Svaton. "European Migration: Welfare Migration or Economic Migration?" Global Economy Journal 8, no. 3 (2008): 1850140. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1360.

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This paper presents an empirical assessment of bilateral migration flows into the EU-15 countries. Using an extended gravity model, it identifies economic, welfare state, geospatial and linguistic variables as the principal determinants of migration flows into the EU-15 countries. As long as its effect is not offset by a high unemployment rate in the host country, the level of social protection expenditure influences migrants' choice of destination. However, albeit acting as a joint force with other economic, cultural and geospatial variables, the welfare state characteristics of the host coun
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Aldona, Migała-Warchoł, Vitas Arturas, Prusaitiene Dalia, Warchoł Maciej, and Buckiūnienė Olga. "Welfare State differences in Selected European Union Countries under Conditions of Uncertainty." Annals of Mathematics and Physics 8, no. 2 (2025): 045–56. https://doi.org/10.17352/amp.000145.

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The article discusses the welfare state models developed for some European Union countries in situations of uncertainty, such as economic crises, the COVID-19 pandemic, and growing social inequalities. The research explores Goal 8 of United Nations Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development: to ensure that economic growth is continuous, inclusive, and durable; and labor is productive, secure, and decent , available to all. The analysis has also brought out the imperative of attaining an inclusive economy within the frame of modern global challenges, including unemployment, inequality, and environ
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Welfare state – European Union countries – History"

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FERNANDES, Daniel. "Governments, public opinion, and social policy : change in Western Europe." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/75046.

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Defence date: 21 November 2022<br>Examining Board: Prof. Ellen Immergut (EUI, Supervisor); Prof. Anton Hemerijck (EUI); Prof. Christoffer Green-Pedersen (Aarhus University); Prof. Evelyne Hübscher (Central European University)<br>This dissertation investigates how public opinion and government partisanship affect social policy. It brings an innovative perspective that links the idea of democratic representation to debates about the welfare state. The general claim made here is that social policy is a function of public and government preferences. This claim hinges on two critical premises. The
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O'Dorchai, Sile Padraigin. "Family, work and welfare states in Europe: women's juggling with multiple roles :a series of empirical essays." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210592.

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The general focus of this thesis is on how the family, work and the welfare system are intertwined. A major determinant is the way responsibilities are shared by the state, the market and civil society in different welfare state regimes. An introductory chapter will therefore be dedicated to the development of the social dimension in the process of European integration. A first chapter will then go deeper into the comparative analysis of welfare state regimes, to comment on the provision of welfare in societies with a different mix of state, market and societal welfare roles and to assess the
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Beclard, Julien. "Politique spatiale européenne: vers une deuxième européanisation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209507.

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Thèse qui propose d'analyser le processus de construction de la politique spatiale européenne. La question au coeur de la recherche est de comprendre pourquoi, alors qu’il fut initialement décidé de ne pas s’en remettre au cadre offert pas la Communauté pour européaniser les efforts naissants de coopération spatiale, put-on assister, à la fin des années 1980, à une implication grandissante de la Communauté européenne, qui se traduisit progressivement par une nouvelle européanisation du spatial ?La thèse défendue est que, loin de résulter uniquement de la confrontation et du choc des intérêts p
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KNUDSEN, Ann-Christina Lauring. "Defining the policies of the Common Agricultural policy : a historical study." Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5858.

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Defence date: 10 December 2001<br>Examining board: Prof. Richard T. Griffiths, Universiteit Leiden ; Prof. Jan van der Harst, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen ; Prof. Johnny N. Laursen, Aarhus Universitet ; Prof. Alan S. Milward, European University Institute (Supervisor)<br>PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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ZORN, Annika. "The Welfare State we're in: Organisations of the unemployed in action in Paris and Berlin." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14515.

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Defence date: 5 February 2010<br>Examining Board: Donatella Della Porta (EUI) (Supervisor), Colin Crouch (University of Warwick, Business School), Klaus Eder (Humboldt-Universität Berlin), Marco Giugni (Université de Genève)<br>First made available online on 26 March 2013.<br>The following thesis looks at the contentious action of the unemployed in Paris and Berlin. The thesis investigates the role of local organisations of the unemployed in contentious activities. More specifically, it looks at the forms of collective action these local organisations are engaged in, and asks about whi
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Munyai, Phumudzo S. "A critical review of the treatment of dominant firms in competition law : a comparative study." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21908.

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In South Africa compliance with competition law has become a major concern for firms that achieve and maintain certain levels of success and growth in the market, as their actions are often a source of complaints and litigation by rivals and competition authorities. With substantial financial penalties often levied against them for a variety of conduct deemed to constitute an abuse of their market position, dominant firms must constantly be aware of the likely impact of their business strategies and actions on both rivals and consumers. What were once thought to be normal and economically soun
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SORENSEN, Anders Thornvig. "Denmark, the Netherlands and European agricultural integration, 1945-1960." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/9468.

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Defence date: 29 September 2008<br>Examining Board: Prof. Giovanni Federico (European University Institute, Supervisor); Prof. Kiran K. Patel (European University Institute); Prof. Richard Griffiths (Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden); Prof. Johnny Laursen (Aarhus Universitet)<br>No abstract available
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VONK, Olivier. "Dual nationality in the European Union : a study on changing norms in public and private international law and in the municipal laws of four EU member state." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/15386.

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Defence date: 19 November 2010<br>Examining Board: Rainer Baubock (EUI); Gerard-René De Groot (Universiteit Maastricht); Marie-Ange Moreau (Supervisor, EUI); Bruno Nascimbene (Università degli Studi di Milano)<br>PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses<br>The main objective of this study is to examine the phenomenon of dual nationality in the European Union (EU), particularly against the background of the status of European citizenship - a status that is linked to the nationality of each EU Member State (Article 20(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the Eu
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OLESEN, Jeppe Dørup. "Adapting the welfare state : privatisation in health care in Denmark, England and Sweden." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14504.

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Defence date: 12 June 2010<br>Examining Board: Jens Blom-Hansen (Aarhus Univ), Pepper Culpepper (EUI), Bo Rothstein (Univ. Gothenborg), Sven Steinmo (EUI) (Supervisor)<br>First made available online on 8 April 2019<br>This dissertation deals with the following question: In the past decades some of the countries most dedicated to the universal public welfare state have privatised many of their welfare service provisions. Why is this so? The dissertation takes a close look at privatisation policies in health care in Denmark, Sweden and England in order to figure out how and why the priva
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Books on the topic "Welfare state – European Union countries – History"

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Cousins, M. European Welfare States Comparative Perspectives: Comparative Perspectives. Sage Publications, 2005.

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Moravcsik, Andrew. The choice for Europe: Social purpose and state power from Messina to Maastricht. UCL Press, 2003.

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1970-, McEwen Nicola, and Moreno Luis 1950-, eds. The territorial politics of welfare. Routledge, 2005.

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Martin, Heidenreich, and Zeitlin Jonathan, eds. Changing European employment and welfare regimes: The influence of the open method of coordination on national reforms. Routledge, 2009.

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K, Armingeon, and Bonoli Giuliano, eds. The politics of post-industrial welfare states: Adapting post-war welfare states to new social risks. Routledge, 2006.

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Chryssochoou, Dimitris N. Theory and reform in the European Union. Manchester University Press, 1999.

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1961-, Shaw Jo, ed. The convention on the future of Europe: Working towards an EU Constitution. Federal Trust, 2003.

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Wolfgang, Keck, and Alber Jens 1947-, eds. Generationenbeziehungen im Wohlfahrtsstaat: Lebensbedingungen und Einstellungen von Altersgruppen im internationalen Vergleich. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2008.

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Kougias, Kōnstantinos G. Politikes apascholēsēs se krisē: Mathēmata apo Dania, Germania kai Hellada. Ekdoseis Gutenberg, 2016.

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Preunkert, Jenny. Chancen fu r ein soziales Europa?: Die offene Methode der Koordinierung als neue Regulierungsform. VS, Verl. fu r Sozialwiss., 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Welfare state – European Union countries – History"

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Vintila, Daniela, and Jean-Michel Lafleur. "Migration and Access to Welfare Benefits in the EU: The Interplay between Residence and Nationality." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_1.

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Abstract Increasing mobility to and from European Union (EU) countries has started to challenge the principles of territoriality and national citizenship through which European democracies traditionally conditioned access to social benefits. Existing typologies of immigrant social protection regimes do not seem to adequately capture (nor explain) the diverse repertoire of policy configurations through which European welfare regimes adapt to migration-driven societal dynamics. This introductory chapter provides a critical reflection on the link between migration and access to welfare in the EU.
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Santos-Eggimann, Brigitte, Sarah Cornaz, and Jacques Spagnoli. "Lifetime History of Prevention in European Countries: The Case of Dental Check-Ups." In The Individual and the Welfare State. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17472-8_21.

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Bakardjieva Engelbrekt, Antonina, Per Ekman, Anna Michalski, and Lars Oxelheim. "Perspectives on the Significance of Borders in Europe: Past Challenges, Future Developments." In The Borders of the European Union in a Conflictual World. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54200-8_1.

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AbstractIn the first chapter, the authors review the evolution of borders throughout European history. The modern concept of borders as dividing lines is a fairly recent phenomenon and constitutes somewhat of a paradox in a historical perspective. It evolved as political orders started to use borders to demarcate the boundaries of their power. In that vein, the modern nation-state was premised on the control over a specific territory whose political system, wealth, and culture had to be defended against enemies, often to the detriment of peaceful inter-state relations in Europe. After World Wa
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Wacquant, Loï. "Penalization, Depoliticization, Racialization: On the Over-incarceration of Immigrants in the European Union." In Perspectives on Punishment. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199278763.003.0005.

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Abstract In 1989, for the first time in history, the population entering state prisons in the United States turned majority black. As a result of the crumbling of the urban ghetto and of the ‘War on Drugs’ launched by the federal government as part of a broad law-and-order policy designed to restabilize racial boundaries in the city and reassert state power against the backdrop of rapid economic restructuring and steep welfare retrenchment,2 the incarceration rate of African Americans doubled in just ten years, jumping from 3,544 inmates per 100,000 adults in 1985 to a staggering 6,926 per 100
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Pestieau, Pierre. "Welfare state and economic efficiency." In The Welfare State in the European Union. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199261017.003.0007.

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Abstract European countries have experienced considerable improvements in well-being and standards of living over the past 50 years. This evolution includes widespread access to social protection benefits, a high degree of income redistribution, a reduction in absolute poverty and an increase in economic security for everyone. Such achievement can be attributed to the development of modern welfare states and to several decades of unprecedented economic growth. Yet, over the last decade, most EU economies have experienced declining growth and increasing unemployment. Economists, like most peopl
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Pestieau, Pierre. "Family allowances." In The Welfare State in the European Union. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199261017.003.0013.

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Abstract In this chapter, we study the effect of family allowances on poverty within the European Union. While there appears to be a remarkably redistributive effect, family allowances are only one component of child policies. Their objective is not just poverty alleviation, they also aim at fostering female employment and fertility. Sharp differences exist in the level and pattern of child policies across European countries, the Nordic countries leading the pack in terms of generosity. Family allowances are available in all European countries, although their generosity and their benefit rule
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Pestieau, Pierre. "Revenue sources." In The Welfare State in the European Union. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199261017.003.0004.

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Abstract In this chapter we look at the alternative sources of financing social protection in the European Union. The main source is payroll taxation. Two issues are often raised: that of the regressivity of payroll taxation and that of enlarging a tax base that is increasingly restricted to salaried work. presents the structure and the evolution of social protection financing EU12. Together, employer and employee social insurance contributions form the largest source of finance in European countries. In 2000, employers’ and employees’ contributions accounted for more than 70 per cent of total
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Pestieau, Pierre. "Old age pensions." In The Welfare State in the European Union. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199261017.003.0010.

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Abstract In ageing Europe, pension systems are the social protection program receiving the widest attention. It appears that the cost of social protection programs depends not only on increasing longevity, but also on the effective age of retirement that, as we have seen in the last decades, has been decreasing in most European countries. Most pension systems in Europe are redistributive and based on pay-as-you-go financing. Therefore, we show that reforms are called for, but that they face huge political resistance. We also discuss the issue of privatization of pension systems, its reasons, a
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Pestieau, Pierre. "Social spending." In The Welfare State in the European Union. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199261017.003.0003.

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Abstract There is a great diversity among welfare states in the EU. As different systems have developed within the national context mostly after 1945, it is difficult to generalize about a ‘European model’ of the welfare state. This diversity—which is at the heart of this book—is reflected in the scale of expenditures for social protection systems, the division of expenditures among programs, the structure and design of benefits, the organization and the sources of financing. This chapter deals with the first two points. We first look at the level and structure of expenditures for the last yea
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Pestieau, Pierre. "Conclusion." In The Welfare State in the European Union. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199261017.003.0014.

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Abstract Over the Spring of 1997, socialist prime ministers were elected in both France and the UK. Tony Blair succeeded Conservative governments that had ruled the UK for more than a decade. By contrast Lionel Jospin’s election was less of a rupture than that of Tony Blair’s, since the socialists had been in power in France two years before. Despite the common denomination of socialism, the difference between the two situations is tangible. For in the UK the Conservative governments of Margaret Thatcher first and of John Major later introduced drastic reforms into the British Welfare State. T
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Conference papers on the topic "Welfare state – European Union countries – History"

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Grigorieva, Svetlana V. "THE EVOLUTION OF UNDERSTANDING THE NEW HISTORY OF AFRICAN COUNTRIES IN SOVIET HIGH SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS." In 32nd International Congress on Source Studies and Historiography of Asia and Africa “Russia and the East. Сommemorating 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg State University. St. Petersburg State University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288064135.21.

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The article analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of Soviet university textbooks on the new history of Asian and African countries. The emphasis is on presenting the history of the countries of the African continent in them, which is the scientific novelty of this study. Consideration in the article of three generations of textbooks, prepared mainly by scientists of the Moscow school of orientalists, allows us to conclude that this type of educational literature played an important role in the formation of knowledge of students of the former Soviet Union in African studies, the study of which
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Mojanoski, Cane, and Goce Arizankoski. "ELEMENTS OF THE MACEDONIAN SECURITY IDENTITY (ATTATCHMENT TO THE FOUNDATION OF THE MACEDONIAN SECURITY HISTORY)." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.2.4.21.p03.

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The paper is an attempt to determine the security identity of the Macedonian state and the Macedonian society, i.e., a synthesis of the essential elements of the structure of the Macedonian security identity from the establishment of the independence of the Macedonian state until today. We define Macedonian security identity as a coherent organization of recognizable and relatively unchangeable security relevant elements that refer to: national values and the resulting permanent, vital and important interests of the Macedonian society and state; the national security policy, i.e., the goals an
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Gencer, Ayşen Hiç, and Özlen Hiç. "A.Smith and the Classical School, K.Marx and the Marxist Socialism, J.M.Keynes and the Keynesian Revolution and the Subsequent Developments." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01166.

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Adam Smith is known as the founder of economics as a social science and also of economic liberalism (or termed as capitalism after Karl Marx) based on principles of non-intervention and non-protection by the governments to perfectly competitive markets. Over time, economic theory and resulting economic regime evolved: Interventions to improve the welfare of workers; infant-industry argument for limited trade protection; and most importantly, following the 1929 Great Depression, John Maynard Keynes and his macroeconomic system giving rise to less-than-full- employment equilibrium, hence the nee
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Tucak, Ivana, and Anita Blagojević. "COVID- 19 PANDEMIC AND THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT TO ABORTION." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18355.

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The COVID - 19 pandemic that swept the world in 2020 and the reactions of state authorities to it are unparalleled events in modern history. In order to protect public health, states have limited a number of fundamental human rights that individuals have in accordance with national constitutions and international conventions. The focus of this paper is the right of access to abortion in the Member States of the European Union. In Europe, the situation with regard to the recognition of women's right to abortion is quite clear. All member states of the European Union, with the exception of Polan
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Bušljeta Tonković, Anita. "MODERNISATION AND (POST-)TRANSITION PROCESSES IN CROATIAN RURAL AREAS: A CREEPING MODERNIZATION THEORY PERSPECTIVE." In Book of Abstracts and Contributed Papers. Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijić" SASA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/csge5.47abt.

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In the European Union (EU), the current processes of globalization in rural areas have followed a model for highly developed societies that sociologists call “liquid modernity” (Bauman, 2000) with all its consequences. One of these processes is certainly the demographic exodus from these rural areas, especially from the areas in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. With the accession of the individual countries to the EU, the population of these areas has migrated mainly for economic reasons. These (late) modernization processes have also taken place in Croatia, even if they have arrived in rural
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Reports on the topic "Welfare state – European Union countries – History"

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Becker, Sascha O., Stephen Broadberry, Nicholas Crafts, Sayatan Ghosal, Sharun W. Mukand, and Vera E. Troeger. Reversals of Fortune? A Long-term Perspective on Global Economic Prospects. Edited by Sascha O. Becker. CAGE Research Centre, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-0-9576027-00.

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Abstract:
It is conventional wisdom that: Continued fast growth in the BRICS will result in a rapid catch-up to match and even surpass Western income levels in the next few decades The crisis in Europe will soon be over and normal growth will then resume as if nothing had happened The tax competition resulting from globalization means a race to the bottom in which corporate tax rates fall dramatically everywhere The best way to escape the poverty trap is to give the poor more money Losers from globalization can be ignored by politicians in western democracies because they do not matter for electoral out
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